Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics: Shin Su ne Makomar Makamashin Rana?

Neman makamashi mai tsabta ya haifar da sabuwar fasaha: perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaics. This innovation is changing the solar power world. It’s efficient and affordable, making it a key player in the future of hasken rana¹.

Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite sun yi babban ci gaba. A cikin 2006, sun kasance a 3 bisa dari na inganci. Yanzu, sun kai kashi 26 cikin dari¹. Hanwha Qcells da Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) har ma sun sami ingancin kashi 29.9 a cikin Afrilu 2023¹.

• Perovskite-Silicon tandem photovoltaics sun nuna ingantaccen ingantaccen aiki cikin sauri, sun kai sama da 25% a cikin saitunan dakin gwaje-gwaje, kwatankwacin mafi kyawun ƙwayoyin silicon.
• Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite suna ba da tsarin samar da farashi mai tsada idan aka kwatanta da ƙwayoyin siliki na gargajiya, tare da fasaha kamar sarrafa bayani, bugu, da kuma zubar da tururi wanda ke da ƙima da kuma dacewa don samar da taro.
• Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite suna nuna madaidaicin bandgap, suna ba da damar haɓaka kayan aikin su na hoto don dacewa da yanayin haske daban-daban ta hanyar canza tsarin sinadaran su.
• Kwanciyar hankali da dorewa na ƙwayoyin rana na perovskite sun kasance ƙalubale, saboda suna da sauƙi ga lalacewa daga abubuwan muhalli kamar danshi, oxygen, da hasken UV.
• Ƙirƙirar ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi don samarwa da zubar da ƙwayoyin rana na perovskite yana da mahimmanci don aminci da alhakin amfani da wannan fasaha.

Silicon ya kasance mabuɗin a cikin ƙwayoyin hasken rana, yana haɓaka daga 15% a cikin 1950s zuwa kusan 28% a yau.². Yawansa ya sa fasahar tushen siliki ta mamaye kasuwa². Kwayoyin silicon monocrystalline sun yi fice don ingantaccen ingancin su, godiya ga tsarin iri ɗaya².

Ana buƙatar sabbin kayan aiki da fasaha don mafi kyau hasken rana. Kwayoyin hasken rana na tushen Perovskite suna nuna babban alkawari. Sun kai 29.4% inganci a gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, suna bugun iyakar silicon³. Mafi girman sakamakon gwajin gwaji na ƙwayoyin perovskite-silicon shine 31.3%³. Don sel masu girma, an sami ingantattun 22.5% ta amfani da hanyoyin masana'antu³.

The move from silicon to perovskite-based cells is a big step forward. New techs like PERC and bifacial cells have improved silicon cells. They last longer and work better for homes and businesses².

Akwai ƙarfin turawa don mafi kyau, mai rahusa hasken rana. Kwayoyin Perovskite suna jagorantar hanya. Za su iya buga sama da 30% inganci lokacin da aka haɗa su da silicon⁴.

Kwayoyin Tandem suna haɗa kayan don doke iyakoki guda ɗaya. Sun ga manyan ci gaba, sun kai har zuwa 28.1% inganci². Ana kuma bincika ƙwayoyin siliki na siliki na siliki azaman zaɓi mai tsada².

Tafiya daga silicon zuwa ƙwayoyin tushen perovskite babban tsalle ne. Yana nuna tuƙi don mafi kyawun makamashin hasken rana mai rahusa. Makomar tana da haske tare da abubuwa daban-daban da ƙwayoyin tandem²³⁴.

Abubuwan Perovskite suna da tsari na musamman na crystal wanda ya canza wasan a ciki samar da wutar lantarki mai dorewa⁵. Suna da tsarin zarra iri ɗaya zuwa ma'adinan perovskite (CaTiO₃), wanda ke haifar da babban ɗaukar haske da ingantaccen cajin sufuri.⁵. Ana iya yin waɗannan kayan ta amfani da matakai na tushen bayani mai araha, yana mai da su mai rahusa kuma mafi girma fiye da sel na tushen siliki na gargajiya.⁵.

Ƙimarsu don samar da manyan ƙima a ƙananan farashi, tare da kyakkyawan aikin su na hotovoltaic, yana nuna babban ci gaba a fasahar hasken rana.⁵. Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite sun ga babban tsalle cikin inganci, daga kusan 3% a cikin 2009 zuwa sama da 29% a yau.⁵. Har ma sun kai ga ingancin lab da sama da 33%, suna bugun ƙwayoyin siliki na gargajiya⁵.

Efficiency figures for perovskite solar panels have jumped from 10 to 20 per cent in just two years⁵. Mafi kyawun ingantaccen aikin Lab ya kai kashi 20%⁵. Manazarta sun yi imanin cewa za a fara samar da sel masu amfani da hasken rana na perovskite nan ba da jimawa ba, tare da mai da hankali kan haɓaka samar da kayayyaki.⁵. Wannan shine mabuɗin don yaɗuwar wannan sabuwar fasaha.

Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite suma suna da fa'idodi na musamman, kamar kasancewa masu nauyi da sassauƙa⁵. Wannan yana ba su damar yin amfani da su a kan sassa daban-daban, ciki har da masu sassauƙa da rubutu⁵. Wannan juzu'i yana buɗe sabbin damar yin amfani da hanyoyin samar da hasken rana na tushen perovskite a wurare daban-daban, daga haɗin ginin hoto zuwa na'urorin lantarki mai ɗaukar hoto.

Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin hasken rana na tushen silicon na gargajiya, perovskite solar sel sun yi babban tsalle cikin inganci.⁵. Duk da yake bangarorin silicon na iya kaiwa kusan 29% inganci, sel perovskite sun sami ingancin lab akan 33%⁵. Wannan shi ne godiya ga tsarin su na crystal, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da babban cajin motsi da kuma tsayin yaduwa. Wannan yana nufin electrons na iya yin tafiya ta gaba ta cikin ƙwayoyin hasken rana masu kauri, suna yin ƙarin wutar lantarki⁵.

Duk da haka, masu bincike suna aiki tuƙuru don magance matsalolin kwanciyar hankali tare da perovskite solar panels⁵. Wadannan bangarori na iya zama masu kula da danshi da zafin jiki⁵. Da zarar an shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin fasaha, samar da wutar lantarki na perovskite zai iya kaiwa ga cikakkiyar damarsa, wanda zai haifar da karin makamashi mai dorewa a nan gaba.

Abubuwan musamman na kayan perovskite, tare da ingancin farashi da ƙimar su, sun sa su zama masu canza wasa a ciki. samar da wutar lantarki mai dorewa⁵. Yayin da bincike da ci gaba ke ci gaba, an saita hanyoyin samar da hasken rana na tushen perovskite don canza yanayin yanayin makamashi na duniya⁵.

Haka kuma, tsarin sel perovskite yana ba su damar samun babban motsi mai ɗaukar nauyi da tsayin yaduwa, yana ba da damar tafiye-tafiyen electrons ta cikin ƙwayoyin hasken rana mai kauri, yana samar da ƙarin wutar lantarki.⁵. Ta hanyar canza abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayoyin perovskite, ana iya yin su kowane launi, wanda yake da kyau don aikace-aikacen photovoltaic da aka haɗa.⁵.

Ayyukan Perovskite PV ya karu daga 2% a cikin 2006 zuwa sama da 20.1% a cikin 2015⁶. The perovskite PV market is expected to reach $214 million by 2025⁶. Duk da yake sel silicon PV yawanci suna da inganci na 15-20%, ingancin perovskite na iya zuwa sama.⁶. Wannan saboda ƙwayoyin hasken rana na perovskite na iya ɗaukar haske mai faɗi idan aka kwatanta da silicon⁶.

Perovskite solar cells also offer benefits like flexibility, semi-transparency, thin-film nature, light-weight, and low processing costs⁶. Amma, suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar dorewa, kwanciyar hankali, rashin aikin yi a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano, da haɗarin kamuwa da gubar yayin zubarwa.⁶.

A taƙaice, kayan perovskite sune masu canza wasa a cikin hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai dorewa⁵. Tasirin farashi da yuwuwar samar da wutar lantarki mai inganci ya sa su zama babban jigo a gaba na makamashi.⁵. Yayin da bincike ke magance sauran ƙalubalen, makomar fasahar hasken rana ta perovskite tana da kyau sosai⁵.

Perovskite materials have a special crystal structure, similar to a mineral found in Russia in 1839. They are made of organic and inorganic molecules linked to lead or tin atoms. This creates a unique framework⁷.

Ingancin ƙwayoyin hasken rana na perovskite ya karu daga kusan 3% a cikin 2006 zuwa 25.2% a yau. A halin yanzu, sel siliki na hasken rana sun kasance a 27%⁷. Kwayoyin silicon-perovskite na Tandem sun kai 29.1% inganci, tare da nau'ikan kasuwanci ana tsammanin isa kusan 24%.

Kayan aikin sinadarai na musamman na kayan perovskite yana sa su zama masu kyau ga ƙwayoyin rana⁸. Tun daga 2009, masana kimiyya suna aiki don inganta su don amfani da hasken rana⁸. Mafi kyawun kayan aikin perovskite yanzu na iya cimma ingantaccen ƙarfin jujjuyawa na kusan 31%⁸.

Kwayoyin tandem na perovskite-silicon sun riga sun kai ingantaccen juzu'i na 26%⁸.

Abubuwan Perovskite suna da babban fa'ida: ana iya canza bandgap ɗin su⁸. Kwayoyin hasken rana na Silicon suna da tazarar ka'idar kusan 1.2 eV, tare da matsakaicin inganci na kusan 32%⁸. Madaidaicin bandgap don perovskites shine kusan 1.7 eV don mafi kyawun inganci⁹.

Canza bandgap na perovskite ta maye gurbin iodine tare da bromine zai iya taimakawa wajen cimma wannan manufa⁹.

Abubuwan Perovskite kuma suna da kyau a ɗaukar haske, wanda shine mabuɗin don ingantaccen canjin makamashi⁷. Dots na perovskite na Dr. Daniel Gamelin na iya ninka ingancin ƙwayar rana, ya kai 66% inganci. Wannan babban tsalle ne daga sel silicon' 33% madaidaicin ingantaccen ka'idar⁷.

Tsarin na musamman da kaddarorin daidaitacce na kayan perovskite sune masu canza wasan a cikin hotovoltaics. Suna ba da ingantaccen canjin makamashi kuma zai iya zama mafi araha⁷. Kamar yadda perovskite solar panels ke ƙara samun samuwa, za su iya samun rahusa. Wannan zai iya sa na'urorin hasken rana ya fi araha ga mutane⁷.

Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite sun canza duniyar makamashin hasken rana. Suna iya yin fasahar fim na bakin ciki mai rahusa fiye da tsohuwar ƙwayoyin silicon. Ana yin waɗannan sabbin kayan ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin kamar sarrafa bayani da bugu, yana sauƙaƙa samar da su da yawa¹⁰.

Ba kamar silicon ba, yin ƙwayoyin perovskite yana da sauƙi. Kawai kawai ku haɗu da sinadarai ku rufe saman. Wannan ya sa su yi arha sosai¹⁰. Wannan zai iya sa makamashin hasken rana ya fi araha, yana taimaka masa ya zama mafi shahara da dorewa¹⁰.

Abubuwan Perovskite kuma na iya aiki tare da ƙwayoyin silicon, ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun na'urorin hasken rana¹⁰. Waɗannan sel ɗin matasan suna amfani da perovskites don mafi kyawun kama haske da silicon don ƙimar farashi¹⁰. Yin amfani da wafer siliki mai rahusa, waɗannan tandems na iya rage farashin makamashin hasken rana da kashi 15-20%.¹⁰.

Kwayoyin tandem na perovskite-silicon na iya canza masana'antar hasken rana¹⁰. Suna haɗa mafi kyawun duniyoyin biyu, suna yin alƙawarin mafi inganci da araha mai ƙarfi na hasken rana. Wannan zai iya haifar da kyakkyawar makoma ga kowa¹⁰.

Perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaics yana jagorantar haɓakar makamashin hasken rana. Suna haɗa kayan perovskite tare da ƙwayoyin silicon na gargajiya. Wannan yana haifar da ingantacciyar hanyar ingantaccen makamashin hasken rana mai tsada.

Babban fasahar tana tattara Layer perovskite a saman tantanin halitta na silicon. Wannan saitin yana ɗaukar haske mai faɗi. Yana haɓaka gabaɗaya ingantaccen canjin makamashi.

Ka'idar aiki na perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaics yana dogara ne akan ƙarfin kayan biyu. Perovskites suna ɗaukar photons masu ƙarfi sosai. Silicon, a gefe guda, ya fi kyau a ƙananan makamashin photons.

Ta hanyar haɗa waɗannan yadudduka, tsarin tandem yana amfani da ƙarin bakan hasken rana. Wannan yana haifar da ingantaccen samar da wutar lantarki.

Abubuwan da suka dace na perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaics suna da mahimmanci. Sun sami ingantaccen ƙarfin jujjuyawa na 33.89%¹¹. Wannan ya doke iyakar junction Shockley-Queisser na 33.7%¹².

Abubuwan cika waɗannan na'urorin tandem sun kai 83.0%, kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana kusa da 1.97 V.¹¹. Wannan babban aikin ya fito ne daga cikakkiyar daidaitawar bandgap tsakanin perovskite da silicon. Yana ba da damar samun ingantaccen kamawar bakan hasken rana.

Matsakaicin ƙimar aiki na perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaics shine babban fa'ida. Samar da ƙarancin farashi na perovskite yadudduka, haɗe tare da ingantaccen tsarin tandem, yana ba da ƙimar ƙimar kuɗi mafi kyau fiye da sel na silicon na gargajiya.¹².

Wannan ya sa fasahar tandem perovskite-silicon ta zama abin sha'awa don amfani daban-daban. Ya dace da gonakin hasken rana masu amfani da sikelin mai amfani, haɗin ginin hotovoltaics (BIPV), da motocin lantarki (EV).

"Perovskite tandem hasken rana Kwayoyin sun nuna alamar tasiri idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in kwayoyin halitta; alal misali, perovskite-silicon tandem ya sami ingantaccen aiki na 33.9%, wanda ya fi ƙarfin junction silicon solar cells a 26.7%."¹²

Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite sun sami babban ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Sun kai ga ingancin rikodin lab sama da 25%¹³. Wannan yana da ban sha'awa, musamman tunda an bincika su kawai tun 2013¹³. Iyakar ka'idar waɗannan sel yana kusa da 31%, kusa da iyakar 32% na silicon¹⁴.

Kwayoyin tandem na Perovskite-silicon suma suna nuna babban alkawari. Sun buga rikodin duniya na inganci 34.6% a cikin Yuni 2024¹⁴. Wasu sun yi hasashen waɗannan sel na iya kaiwa ga inganci mai ban mamaki 50% a nan gaba¹³.

Perovskite da tandem hasken rana Kwayoyin suna canza wasan don sabunta makamashi. Tare da ci gaba da bincike, za mu iya sa ran samun ƙarin ci gaba.

"Iyakar ka'idar don ƙwayoyin hasken rana na silicon, iyakar Shockley-Queisser, yana kusa da 32%. Koyaya, ingancin kasuwancin siliki na hasken rana yana ƙara iyakance zuwa kusan 20% saboda asarar da ba ta dace ba.¹⁴

Perovskite-Silicon tandem photovoltaics could change how we make power. But we need to look at their effect on the environment and if they’re sustainable. These new solar cells might help us use more sabunta makamashi. Duk da haka, akwai damuwa game da kayan shafa da yadda ake yin su¹⁵.

Studies show perovskite-only tandem solar cells have a smaller carbon footprint than others¹⁶. Wannan saboda yin kayan perovskite yana amfani da ƙarancin makamashi fiye da na tushen silicon¹⁶.

Akwai babban damuwa game da ƙwayoyin rana na perovskite saboda galibi suna da gubar. Led yana da illa sosai kuma yana iya zama haɗari idan ba a kula da shi a hankali ba yayin zagayowar rayuwar masu amfani da hasken rana¹⁵. Masana kimiyya suna aiki tuƙuru don nemo zaɓuka marasa gubar ko hanyoyin kiyaye gubar cikin aminci¹⁵.

Yadda za a iya sake yin amfani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana na perovskite har yanzu ana nazarin. Silicon panels sun rasa inganci kuma suna buƙatar maye gurbinsu, amma ana iya sake yin amfani da su na perovskite.¹⁶. Amma, yin sake yin amfani da ƙwayoyin perovskite babba kuma mai dorewa har yanzu aiki ne na ci gaba¹⁶.

As we move forward, it’s key to think about the environment and sustainability of perovskite–silicon tandem photovoltaics. We must tackle the issues of material toxicity, carbon footprint, and recycling. This will help make sure this technology is used in a way that’s good for our planet¹⁵.

"Haɓaka matakan masana'antu masu ƙima don ƙwayoyin hasken rana na perovskite yana da mahimmanci don dorewar samar da ƙwayoyin rana."¹⁶

Perovskite selvolvoltaic fuskantar manyan kalubale a cikin dogon lokaci. Suna iya rushewa lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa danshi, oxygen, da hasken UV. Wannan yana sa su rage tasiri akan lokaci¹⁷. Don samun nasara, suna buƙatar dawwama muddin sel na hasken rana na silicon, wanda zai iya aiki da kyau na shekaru 25 ko fiye.

Masana kimiyya suna aiki tuƙuru don ganin cewa perovskite solar sel mafi kwanciyar hankali. Suna duban sabbin kayayyaki da ingantattun hanyoyin kare su¹⁸. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar Tandem photovoltaic Kwayoyin Wannan yana dawwama muddin bangarorin silicon amma suna aiki mafi kyau a yin iko mai dorewa.

• Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite-silicon tandem sun kai ga ingantaccen juzu'i mai ban sha'awa, tare da wasu samfura sun zarce alamar 29%¹⁸.
• Life cycle analysis studies have shown that perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells exhibit a lower carbon footprint compared to traditional silicon solar panels¹⁸.
• Hanyoyi masu ƙima kamar inkjet ko bugu-zuwa-roll sun nuna alƙawarin cimma daidaiton aiki a cikin manyan na'urori¹⁸.

Ƙimar perovskite-silicon tandem hasken rana yana da girma, amma suna fuskantar manyan kalubale¹⁷. Dole ne masana'antu su magance waɗannan matsalolin don sanya su zabin abin dogara samar da wutar lantarki mai dorewa. Ci gaba da bincike shine mabuɗin don samun nasarar wannan fasaha.

"Samun kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci da ɗorewa shine tsattsauran ra'ayi na ƙwayoyin rana na perovskite, kuma ƙalubale ne da ƙungiyar bincike ke aiki tuƙuru don warwarewa."

- Dr. Emily Johnson, Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi ta Solar¹⁷¹⁸

Perovskite solar cells are becoming more viable for business, with experts saying they might hit the market soon. As they get better, they will face fewer problems in making them. This could lead to more people using them for solar energy¹⁹.

Mutane suna tunanin fasahar hasken rana ta perovskite za ta yi girma saboda yana da arha kuma mafi inganci fiye da tsoffin ƙwayoyin silicon¹⁹. Amma, kasuwar siliki tana da girma da ƙarfi. Perovskite yana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yana da dorewa kuma mai aminci ga duniyar don cin nasara akan ƙarin abokan ciniki²⁰.

Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite sun inganta sosai, suna tafiya daga 3.8% a cikin 2009 zuwa 22.7% yanzu.¹⁹. Oxford PV yayi sabon rikodin tare da ingantaccen tantanin halitta 25.2%.¹⁹. Wannan ya sa mutane da yawa a cikin masana'antar farin ciki, kuma suna aiki akan mafi kyawun ƙwayoyin cuta¹⁹.

Ko da mafi kyawun ƙwayoyin silicon kawai suna samun kusan 22% inganci, amma ƙwayoyin tandem sun wuce 24%¹⁹. Kwayoyin Oxford PV suma sun wuce gwaje-gwaje masu tsauri kuma sun yi aiki da kyau a cikin matsanancin yanayi¹⁹.

Kamfanin ya kuma sanya gubar a cikin perovskites mafi aminci, tare da kowane tantanin halitta yana amfani da 0.3 g na gubar a kowace murabba'in mita.¹⁹. A study showed that even if all the lead leaked out, it would still be very safe for the environment¹⁹. Waɗannan matakan sun sa ƙwayoyin tandem perovskite-silicon sun fi sha'awar kasuwa.

Yin na'urorin hasken rana na silicon yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi da kayan aiki fiye da ƙwayoyin perovskite, tare da bangarorin silicon da ke cinye darajar shekaru uku na samar da siliki na duniya don samar da terawatts na 12.5 na wutar lantarki, yayin da samun ƙarfin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya tare da perovskites zai ɗauki 'yan kwanaki kaɗan. na samar da gubar.”¹⁹

Perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaics suna kusantar zama babban abu a cikin makamashin hasken rana. Suna samun kyau, arha, da aminci ga duniya. Yayin da suke ci gaba da ingantawa, za su iya canza yadda muke yin sabunta makamashi.

Perovskite photovoltaics sun ga manyan tsalle-tsalle a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Masana kimiyya a duk duniya suna aiki kan sabbin hanyoyin magance manyan matsaloli. Suna mai da hankali kan inganta ƙwayoyin hasken rana na perovskite/silicon tandem mafi kyau²¹.

Inganta na'urar zane, haɓakawa, da yin su shine mabuɗin. Har ila yau, sanya su dadewa da aiki da kyau a waje shine babban burin²¹. Har ila yau, suna duban samar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin hasken rana mafi ɗorewa da sauƙin sake sarrafa su²¹.

Ta hanyar haɗa perovskite tare da silicon, sun ga babban riba a cikin inganci. Mafi kyawun perovskite/silicon tandem solar sel yanzu sun kai 31.5% inganci²². Hakanan sun sami inganci 28.3% akan manyan wafern silicon²².

Masana suna tunanin perovskite/HJT tandem hasken rana Kwayoyin za su kai sama da 32% inganci nan da 2025²². Iyakokin ka'idar sun nuna cewa zasu iya tafiya ko da sama, sama da 42%²².

Sabbin hanyoyin kamar sauran ƙarfi aikin injiniya kuma ana amfani da gyaran fuska. Dogon sarkar surfactants na taimaka wa tandem perovskite/silicon su tsaya tsayin daka²¹. Har ila yau, masu binciken suna duban gaurayawan perovskites na gubar don ingantacciyar aiki²¹.

An raba waɗannan ci gaban a cikin manyan mujallu na kimiyya²¹. Makomar makamashin hasken rana ya dubi haske, tare da perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaics yana jagorantar hanya.

Ƙarfin hasken rana yana girma da sauri, kuma haɗa ƙwayoyin perovskite na hasken rana tare da tsofaffin tsarin hasken rana yana da ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa. Kwayoyin Perovskite suna samun kyau, watakila ma fiye da na silicon²³. Suna da arha don yin, godiya ga sababbin hanyoyi kamar sarrafa bayani da bugu²³.

Amma, akwai manyan kalubale. Kwayoyin Perovskite da silicon suna aiki daban-daban, suna shafar yadda suke aiki tare. Kwayoyin hasken rana na Tandem, waɗanda ke haɗa kayan aiki, na iya zama mafi inganci²³. Ta wannan hanyar, zamu iya amfani da duka perovskite da silicon tare, yin abubuwa mafi kyau²³.

Yin amfani da perovskite-silicon tandem solar sel yana da wayo. Yana ba mu damar sabunta tsoffin hanyoyin hasken rana cikin sauƙi, ba tare da canza abubuwa da yawa ba²³. Kamar yadda fasahar perovskite ke samun mafi kyau kuma ƙarin kuɗi yana shiga cikin makamashi mai tsabta²⁴, haɗa waɗannan sabbin ƙwayoyin sel tare da tsoffin tsarin na iya zama mabuɗin ga kyakkyawar makoma.

"Kwayoyin hasken rana na Tandem na iya samun ingantattun ingantattun ingantattun ingantattun sel idan aka kwatanta da sel-junction na rana ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa daban-daban tare da abubuwan sha."²³

An saita ƙwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite don canza wasan a wurare da yawa. Ana iya yin su mai sassauƙa da haske, cikakke ga na'urori, caja masu ɗaukar nauyi, har ma da tufafi²⁵. Iyawar su don daidaitawa da buƙatu daban-daban yana nufin za su iya aiki da kyau a cikin gida ko ma a sararin samaniya²⁵. Wannan na iya sa makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa ya zama mafi isa ga gidaje, kasuwanci, motoci, da wurare masu nisa²⁵.

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin hasken rana sun kai babban inganci na 26.1%²⁵. Wannan yana da kyau kamar manyan ƙwayoyin siliki na hasken rana a kasuwa²⁵. Amma, har yanzu suna fuskantar al'amura kamar dawwama da kuma samun araha²⁵.

Masana kimiyya suna aiki tuƙuru don inganta waɗannan ƙwayoyin. Suna son yin lu'ulu'u mafi kyau, gyara lahani, da samun ƙarin kuzari daga cikinsu²⁵. Canza gaɓoɓin kayan abu hanya ɗaya ce don haɓaka aiki²⁵. Sarrafa yadda kayan ke bushewa shine mabuɗin don sanya fina-finai ko da ƙarfi²⁵.

Kwayoyin hasken rana na Perovskite na iya samun mafi kyau. Suna iya kaiwa ga inganci na 42% ko 49% a cikin sabbin ƙira²⁶. Tuni, hada su tare da kwayoyin halitta ya nuna babban alkawari²⁶.

The future of green energy looks bright, with perovskite solar cells leading the way. As scientists tackle the remaining challenges, these cells could become a big part of our sustainable future²⁵²⁶.

"Makomar makamashi mai sabuntawa tana da alƙawari mai girma, tare da perovskite solar sel a sahun gaba na wannan juyin juya halin fasaha."

Bincike da kudade don fasahar hasken rana ta perovskite sun kasance babba a duniya. Gwamnatin Amurka ta sanya miliyoyin mutane cikin bincike na perovskite. A cikin 2020, sun sami dala miliyan 20 don ayyuka daban-daban²⁷. Shirin Horizon 2020 na Hukumar Turai shima ya kasance mabuɗin. Ya taimaka motsa fasahar perovskite daga labs zuwa kasuwa²⁷.

Shirye-shiryen gwamnati sun taimaka da yawa tare da perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, tare da tallafin Jamus, ya sami rikodin duniya na 32.5% a cikin 2022²⁸. Wata tawaga daga Jami'ar Potsdam da wasu sun gwada wadannan kwayoyin halitta a sararin samaniya. Sun sami sakamako da wuri wanda yayi kyau²⁸.

Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kuma suna saka hannun jari a fasahar perovskite. Oxford PV jagora ne wajen sanya shi aiki don amfani na gaske. Sun sayar da na farko perovskite-silicon tandem solar modules, tare da 72 sel a 24.5% dacewa.²⁷. Waɗannan nau'ikan na iya yin 20% ƙarin wutar lantarki fiye da bangarorin silicon na yau da kullun²⁷.

Tsarin Oxford PV yana da mafi girman inganci a 26.9%²⁷. Suna nufin yin babbar shuka ta 2026-27. Wannan zai taimaka sanya fasahar hasken rana ta perovskite ta zama ruwan dare gama gari²⁷.

1. Kwayoyin Perovskite Tandem: Hasken Haske akan Makomar Makamashin Solar - https://www.hanwha.com/newsroom/news/feature-stories/perovskite-tandem-cells-shedding-light-on-the-future-of-solar-energy.do
2. Ci gaba a cikin Kayan Halitta na Photovoltaic: Silicon, Organic, da Perovskite Solar Cells - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10934213/
3. Ci gaban Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cell da Fasahar Module zuwa Balaga na Masana'antu - Fraunhofer ISE - https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-media/press-releases/2022/advancing-perovskite-silicon-tandem-solar-cell-and-module-technology.html
4. Ci gaban kwanan nan a cikin Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10305642/
5. Ingantaccen Kwayoyin Solar Perovskite - https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/perovskite-solar
6. Gabatarwa ga Perovskites | Bayanin Perovskite- https://www.perovskite-info.com/introduction
7. Perovskite: Sauya Masana'antar Solar | Epic Energy - https://www.thinkepic.com/solar/perovskite-revolutionizing-solar/
8. Kwayoyin Solar Perovskite: Me yasa suke makomar wutar hasken rana - https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-perovskite-solar-cells-the-future-of-solar-power
9. Binciken da NREL ke jagoranta a cikin Kwayoyin Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Yana Nuna Sabuwar Hanyar da za a ɗauka - https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2020/nrel-led-research-into-perovskite-silicon-tandem-cells-shows-new-path.html
10. Taswirar hanya don ingantaccen farashi, kasuwanci-mai yiwuwa perovskite silicon tandems don kasuwa na PV na yanzu da na gaba - https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2020/se/c9se00948e
11. Perovskite/silicon tandem hasken rana Kwayoyin tare da bilayer interface passivation - Yanayin - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07997-7
12. Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells - https://www.ossila.com/pages/perovskite-tandem-solar-cells
13. Mafi kyawun Taswirar Ingantaccen Tantanin Halitta - https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html
14. Breaking Records: Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Ƙarfin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Rana ya Haura zuwa 34.6% a cikin Yuni 2024 - https://www.fluxim.com/perovskite-silicon-tandem-pv-record-updates
15. Tasirin muhalli na III-V/silicon photovoltaics: kimantawa da sake zagayowar rayuwa da jagora don masana'antu mai dorewa - https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2020/ee/d0ee01039a
16. Ma'adinan Perovskite yana goyan bayan dorewar makamashin hasken rana | Tarihin Cornell - https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2020/07/perovskite-mineral-supports-solar-energy-sustainability
17. Kalubalen kwanciyar hankali don kasuwancin perovskite–Silicon Tandem Solar Kwayoyin - Kayayyakin Bita na Halitta - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-022-00521-1
18. Iyaka na Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells - https://www.sunpalsys.com/the-limitations-of-perovskite-silicon-tandem-solar-cells_n201
19. Ci gaban Perovskite yana tura ƙwayoyin hasken rana na tandem kusa da kasuwa - https://cen.acs.org/energy/solar-power/Perovskite-progress-pushes-tandem-solar/96/i24
20. Hanyar tandem don mafi kyawun ƙwayoyin hasken rana - https://discovery.kaust.edu.sa/en/article/24184/working-in-tandem-for-better-commercial-solar-cells/
21. Tandem Perovskite Photovoltaics - https://www.nature.com/collections/hjdjgicbbg
22. Maxwell ya bayyana sabon ci gaba a cikin cikakkun sel perovskite/silicon Tandem sel - https://www.pv-tech.org/industry-updates/maxwell-unveils-latest-breakthrough-in-fully-textured-perovskite-silicon-tandem-cells/
23. 🌞 Perovskite da Tandem Solar Technology: Sauya Masana'antar Solar 🌞 - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/perovskite-tandem-solar-technology-revolutionizing-industry-jay-dhola
24. Ta yaya tandem hasken rana za su canza duniya - https://greenhouse.agency/blog/tandem-solar-cells-will-change-the-world/
25. Nasarorin, ƙalubale, da kuma abubuwan da za a yi a nan gaba don haɓaka masana'antu na ƙwayoyin rana na perovskite - Haske: Kimiyya & Aikace-aikace - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-024-01461-x
26. Aikace-aikace na gaba na gaba don haɗaɗɗun ƙwayoyin rana na perovskite - Abubuwan Sadarwa - https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-022-00325-4
27. Oxford PV tana jigilar kayayyaki na perovskite tandem na farko - https://www.pv-tech.org/oxford-pv-ships-first-commercial-perovskite-tandem-modules/
28. Kyakkyawan sakamako na farko daga gwajin farko na perovskite tandem hasken rana a sararin samaniya - https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2024/10/24/positive-early-results-from-first-test-of-perovskite-tandem-solar-cells-in-space/