S3, E23: Kedu ka Liverpool dabere na okike ọhụrụ si na-aga n'ihu

Foto sitere n'ikike nke URBAN GreenUP Project

URBAN GreenUP Project

Liverpool na-enwe mgbanwe ndụ ndụ, ekele maka ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ URBAN GreenUP. Atụmatụ a na-akwado EU na-achọ ime doghachiri ọtụtụ ihe ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike (NBS) n'ofe obodo ahụ, na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe, nkwụsi ike, na ụdị dị iche iche¹. Ndị isi obodo Liverpool City Council, the Mahadum Liverpool, na Mersey Forest, oru ngo a enwetala nde euro 4 na ego ihe karịrị afọ ise iji mejuputa ihe ọhụrụ akụrụngwa green ngwọta¹.

Dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ a, arụchala mgbidi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke 200m2 n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ ala isi, na-enye aka na mpaghara. ikuku ndozi¹. Mgbidi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ọzọ dị 130m2 bụ ndị na-agafe agafe ugbu a n'okporo ụzọ azụ obodo mepere emepe¹. Obodo ahụ hụkwara nrụnye sistemu mmiri na-esi n'obodo mepere emepe na-adigide osisi iji jikwaa mmiri na-asọpụta n'elu¹, yana nnwale na pollinators, gụnyere hydroseeding n'elu siri ike na-eke pollinator pavement.¹.

Ọzọkwa, mmiri nnu na-ese n'elu mmiri ihe ndi ozo agwaetiti dị na Liverpool docks adọtala mmasị site na ebe dị iche iche n'ụwa niile¹. Ihe ngwọta dabere na okike ọhụrụ a na-achọ ịkwalite ụdị ndụ dị iche iche na inye ebe obibi maka mpaghara anụ ọhịa². Ka obodo ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe, Liverpool na-edobe onwe ya dị ka onye ndu na atụmatụ ndị sitere n'okike obodo, na-esetịpụ ihe atụ maka obodo ndị ọzọ ịgbaso.

Dị ka obodo mara mma nke na-agba mbọ maka njem nlegharị anya enyi na enyi na njem na-adigide, Liverpool na-anabata ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike iji kwalite gburugburu obodo ya. Ụzọ ọhụrụ ndị a na-ejikọta ike okike na ọgụgụ isi mmadụ iji gboo ihe ịma aka dị iche iche, site na ịkwalite ogo ikuku ruo n'ịkwalite ụdị dị iche iche.³.

Ngwọta sitere n'okike na Liverpool gụnyere ụdị enyemaka dị iche iche, gụnyere mgbidi ndụ ndụ ndụ, agwaetiti mmiri nnu na-ese n'elu mmiri, sistemu mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'obodo ukwu, na nrụnye enyi na enyi pollinator.³. Ọrụ ndị a na-ahụ maka ihe okike na-achọ ọ bụghị naanị ịkwalite mmasị a na-ahụ anya nke obodo kamakwa na-atụnye aka na nkwụghachi ya na nkwado ya n'ozuzu ya.³.

Mkpa ọ dị ọdịdị ime obodo na Liverpool enweghị ike ikwubiga ya ókè. Dị ka ihe dị ka 70% nke ndị EU bi n'ime ime obodo³, njikọta nke ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike aghọwo ihe dị mkpa maka obodo ndị dị ka Liverpool. Emejuputala mmemme ndị a n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ dị iche iche, site n'ọrụ obere ọkwa ruo na atụmatụ gburugburu agbataobi.³, na-egosipụta mgbanwe na mmetụta dị ukwuu nke ụzọ ndị sitere n'okike.

Dị ka ihe atụ, URBAN GreenUP oru ngo a amatala na mba ụwa niile maka ọrụ ọhụrụ ya na nke bara uru, na-enweta ihe nrite atọ na CIRIA 2024 Big Biodiversity Awards maka onyinye ya na okike okike, nkwalite biodiversity, na n'ozuzu mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi⁴.

“Ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike nwere ikike ịnye ụdị dị ọnụ ahịa yana nnabata njikwa obodo, na-akwado akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-adịgide adịgide na obodo ndị dị ka Liverpool."³

Ka obodo ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-ebute njem nlegharị anya enyi na enyi na njem na-adịgide adịgide, njikọta nke ngwọta sitere n'okike ga-adị mkpa n'ịkpụzi ọdịnihu na-agbanwe agbanwe na gburugburu ebe obibi maka Liverpool.⁴.

Liverpool na-enwe mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama, na-anabata azịza sitere n'okike iji gboo ihe ịma aka gburugburu obodo ahụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị pụtara ìhè bụ mmejuputa nke nnukwu oghere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ogige ntụrụndụ. Atumatu Urban GreenUP akọwo ihe karịrị osisi 10,000 na osisi n'ofe obodo ahụ iji merie. ụdị ndụ dị iche iche⁵. Mpaghara ndị a nwere oke okike ọ bụghị naanị na-enye ndị bi na ohere ntụrụndụ kamakwa na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ebe obibi dị mkpa maka anụ ọhịa mpaghara.

Na mgbakwunye na oghere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eto eto, Liverpool na-emekwa nnukwu ọganihu n'ịkwalite ụdị ndụ dị iche iche. Obodo a etinyela aka na ịma aka City Nature International, nke hụrụ ịrị elu na ntinye aka site na 2019 ruo 2020, yana ọkwa Liverpool 5th na 2019 na 2nd na 2020 maka Nleba anya, ụdị, na ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ na-etinye aka na mpaghara obodo.⁶. Ebe mmiri mmiri mepere emepe dị na Liverpool nwere ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche nke mmiri mmiri, nke osisi osisi na ahịhịa na-amasị pollinator gbakwunyere, na-ekepụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme nke ọma.

Nkwenye Liverpool na ngwọta dabere na okike pụtakwara ìhè na ya oke ohia obodo atumatu. Obodo ahụ etinyela sistemu mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'obodo mepere emepe nke na-eji osisi Dawn Redwood jikwaa oke mmiri n'elu okporo ụzọ.⁷. Na mgbakwunye, atụmatụ Urban GreenUP lekwasịrị anya n'ịgbaso ihe ịma aka ndị metụtara ihu igwe dị ka idei mmiri, mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, na oke okpomọkụ site na ntinye aka ọhụrụ.⁵.

Liverpool emejuputala ihe karịrị 40 innovative Nature-based Solutions (NBS) iji gboo ihe egwu metụtara ihu igwe dị ka oke okpomọkụ, ikuku. mmetọ, idei mmiri, na mfu nke ụdị dị iche iche.”⁷

Atụmatụ ndị a sitere n'okike, jikọtara ya na oghere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke obodo ahụ na ụdị dị iche iche na-eto eto, na-agbanwe Liverpool ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi obodo mepere emepe na ebe obibi. Site n'iji ike nke okike eme ihe, Liverpool na-esetịpụ ihe atụ maka obodo ndị ọzọ ịgbaso, na-egosipụta nnukwu ike nke ngwọta dabere na okike n'ịgbasa nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.

Atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi Liverpool na-agbanwe obodo ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ebe nchekwa ihe okike, na-enye ọtụtụ uru ma ndị obodo na mpaghara obodo mepere emepe.⁸. Site na ikenye ihe ruru £ 100,000 na mpaghara gafee Liverpool City Region, obodo ahụ na-achọ ịgbanwe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ọdịda nke ụdị dị iche iche na ebe obibi, na-elekwasị anya na imepụta, ịkwalite na iweghachi. ala mmiri, ala ahịhịa juru na ọhịa⁸. Oru ngo a nwere oke ochicho, nke a mere n'uzo ato di ugbua (NIAs), obughi nani na-adọta itinye ego na mbufe ebe obibi kamakwa na-akpali akpali. ụdị mgbake, Mbelata idei mmiri, mma mmiri dị mma, na imepụta oghere ahịhịa ndụ⁸.

Ngwọta ndị sitere n'okike emejuputa atumatu na Liverpool, dị ka ntinye mgbidi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na agwaetiti ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri, na-enye aka na mmụba dị ukwuu na àgwà ikuku mpaghara.⁹. Ihe omume ọhụrụ ndị a, nke emepụtara dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ URBAN GreenUP, ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka obodo ahụ nwee nkwụsi ike maka mgbanwe ihu igwe kamakwa na-enye ndị bi na ndị ọbịa ume iku ume.⁹.

Mgbanwe nke Liverpool ka ọ bụrụ ebe sitere n'okike nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọdịmma obodo n'ozuzu ya³. Site n'ịkọkọta ihe ndị gbadoro anya n'okike dị ka osisi okporo ámá, ihu ndụ ndụ ndụ, na na-adigide drainage usoro, obodo bu n'obi ikwado ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-ebutekarị obodo mepere emepe, dị ka ịdị mma mmiri na okwu ọnụọgụ, mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, na mmebi ikuku.³. Ihe ngwọta ndị a sitere n'okike ọ bụghị nanị na-akwalite ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke obodo kamakwa na-enye aka n'ịkwalite ahụike mmadụ na ike akụ na ụba nke Liverpool.³.

Atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi na Liverpool na-enye uru akụ na ụba a na-ahụ anya, yana⁹. Ihe oru ngo URBAN GreenUP, nke European Union's Horizon 2020 kwadoro, na-akwalite a aku na uba ndu site na iwebata echiche akụ na ụba ọhụrụ na nke siri ike na-akwado ọrụ, mepụta ụdị azụmahịa ọhụrụ, na-adọta talent, na-enye ngwaahịa na ọrụ.⁹. Ọzọkwa, ụba mma nke oghere ime obodo n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike nwere ike iduga ọnụ ahịa ihe onwunwe dị elu, na-erite uru ma ndị bi na mpaghara akụ na ụba.⁸.

Ngbanwe nke dabeere na ọdịdị nke Liverpool bụ mgbalị dị iche iche, na-ebuga ọtụtụ uru dị iche iche na-agafe gburugburu gburugburu ebe obibi. Site na ịkwalite ogo ikuku, ịkwalite ọdịmma obodo, na inye uru akụ na ụba, atụmatụ ndị a na-edobe Liverpool dị ka onye ndu na nkwado obodo na mgbake, na-esetịpụ ihe atụ maka obodo ndị ọzọ ịgbaso⁸⁹³.

"A na-ahụta onyinye Defra dị ka ohere otu oge maka mgbake okike ma nwee ike bụrụ ihe na-agbanwe egwuregwu maka mpaghara."⁸

Mmekọrịta obodo bụ akụkụ dị oke mkpa nke njem njem Liverpool na-adigide na atụmatụ njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi. Obodo ahụ anabatala mmachi ọrịa site n'ịkwado mmemme mmekorita dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ nkuzi iji kụziere ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ na mgbanwe ndụ ndụ.¹⁰.

Site na webinars ruo na mmemme ezinụlọ nke onye ọ bụla, ọrụ Liverpool sitere n'okike bu n'obi ịkwalite mmekọrịta obodo na oghere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke obodo. Ihe mmalite dị ka mgbidi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke ime obodo mepere emepe, ebe ndị na-agafe agafe nwere ike ịtụtụ strawberries, na-egosipụta nlebara anya na nrụnye dabere na okike.¹⁰.

Arụmọrụ 'Together towards aquatic environment' na-enweghị mmetọ' nke Mahadum York na-eduzi na-achọ ịmepụta mmemme obodo Yorkshire jikọtara ọnụ maka ịkwalite ogo mmiri.¹⁰. N'otu aka ahụ, oru ngo 'Muir is Tir' nke Mahadum Glasgow Caledonian gụnyere imekọ ihe ọnụ na obodo Barra na Vatersay iji belata mmetụta nke mbuze n'ụsọ oké osimiri na idei mmiri.¹⁰.

Ọrụ sayensị ụmụ amaala, dị ka nke na-enyocha mmetọ kemịkalụ na osimiri na ọdọ mmiri Yorkshire, na-enye ohere maka ihe karịrị ndị otu 1,700 nke ọha iji tinye aka na nyocha na ime mkpebi dabere na okike.¹⁰. Atụmatụ afọ ofufo ndị a na-akwalite ọ bụghị nanị na-etinye aka na obodo kamakwa na-atụnyekwa data bara uru iji mee njem na-adigide na atụmatụ njem nlegharị anya na gburugburu ebe obibi na Liverpool.

Ọrụ ndị sitere n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi (NERC) kwadoro na-elekwasị anya n'ịmepụta ihe ngwọta dabere na okike na itinye ndị obodo na usoro ahụ.¹⁰. Usoro imekọ ihe ọnụ a dị oke mkpa maka ịga nke ọma njem njem Liverpool na-adigide na atụmatụ njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi, ebe ọ na-ahụ na mgbanwe ndụ ndụ nke obodo ahụ kwekọrọ na mkpa na ọchịchọ nke ndị bi na ya.

"Mgbakwunye obodo dị mma dị oke mkpa maka ịga nke ọma nke ọrụ NBS."¹¹

Ka Liverpool na-aga n'ihu n'ọdịniihu dabere n'okike, ntinye obodo ahụ itinye aka na obodo ya dị iche iche ga-abụ isi ihe na-akwọ ụgbọ ala n'ịmepụta ala obodo mepere emepe na nke na-ejikọ ọnụ.

Ngwọta sitere n'okike nke Liverpool adọtala ntị mba ụwa, yana obodo ndị dị ka Seattle, Melbourne, na ọbụna agbụrụ ndị India mbụ nke America na-achọ imeghari ụzọ ọhụrụ nke obodo ahụ.¹². Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ ndị a na-enye ahụmahụ mmụta bara uru maka obodo ndị ọzọ na-achọ imejuputa ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike iji dozie nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe, na akụ na ụba.¹².

Otu ngwọta okike sitere na Liverpool gụnyere iji ndị na-atụ ọkụ kama iji ọgwụ ahịhịa na-elekọta ahịhịa n'okpuru osisi¹³. Nke a na-egosiputa njikere obodo ahụ nwere inyocha ụzọ na-adịghị mma iji gboo mkpa gburugburu obodo obodo¹³.

N'ofe Europe, ọrụ ndị sitere n'okike anọwo na-enwe ọganihu. Na Freiburg, Germany, Agbanwela ebe ndị agha ochie ka ọ bụrụ obodo akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ site na iji ụzọ ntụgharị ụlọ ọhụrụ¹⁴. na Romania, ndị isi ọrụ gọọmentị ejirila nsonaazụ ọrụ N4D mee ihe iji gaa n'ihu na eserese na nyocha nke Gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro ọrụ ha (MAES).¹⁴.

Ihe oru UK H2020 NAIAD na Thames Catchment ejirila Eco: Aktuary Tool for eke. njikwa ide mmiri, mgbe oru ngo LIFE AGREE na ọdọ mmiri nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri delta chọrọ ichekwa ebe obibi Natura 2000¹⁴. Na Budapest, edepụtala akwụkwọ atụmatụ iji kwalite ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike maka resilience ihu igwe yana njikwa mmetọ, gụnyere Ogologo Ogologo oge nke 2030 nke obodo Mmepe Obodo echiche¹⁴.

Ihe atụ ndị a sitere n'ofe Europe na-egosipụta ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe okike sitere n'okike nke enwere ike ịmegharị iji dozie ihe ịma aka ndị dị n'ime obodo dị ka. Liverpool sitere n'okike na ọdịdị ime obodo Liverpool¹⁴.

"Ụzọ ọhụrụ Liverpool, dị ka iji ọkụ na-atụba ọkụ kama ịhịa aka n'ahụ ahịhịa iji jikwaa ahịhịa n'okpuru osisi, na-egosipụta ụzọ okike maka ihe ịma aka gburugburu obodo mepere emepe."

Ime ihe ngwọta dabere na okike na Liverpool echewo ihe ịma aka dị iche iche ihu, gụnyere ịnyagharị imewe obodo mmachi na ichekwa ego na akụrụngwa zuru oke. Ndị otu ọrụ ahụ nwetara ihe isi ike n'ịchọta saịtị kwesịrị ekwesị, nweta nkwado dị mkpa, na ime mgbanwe n'ahịa ndị nwere oke maka ụfọdụ ngwọta dabere na okike buru ibu (NBS)¹⁵.

Otu n'ime nsogbu ndị bụ isi bụ obere oghere oghere na mgbagwoju anya nke itinye NBS n'ime akwa ime obodo dị adị.¹⁶. Ndị otu ahụ kwesịrị iji nlezianya tụlee ihe ndị dị ka ntozu saịtị, nnweta, na ndakọrịta na gburugburu akụrụngwa. Na mgbakwunye, ihe nyocha a na-atụghị anya ya na ihe gbasara ịzụ ahịa maka ndị ọkachamara NBS na-agbagwojuru usoro mmejuputa iwu¹⁵.

Ịchekwa ego na akụrụngwa zuru oke ebutewokwa nnukwu ihe ịma aka¹⁶. N'agbanyeghị mmụba na-arịwanye elu nke mkpa NBS, inweta nkwado ego na nka dị mkpa bụ mgba na-aga n'ihu. Ndị otu ọrụ ahụ ga-abụ ihe okike n'inyocha ụzọ ego dị iche iche na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị otu obodo iji hụ na atumatu ha na-adigide.¹⁵.

Ka o sina dị, nnọgidesi ike na mgbanwe ndị otu ahụ enyela ohere maka mmezu nke ọma nke ọtụtụ ọrụ NBS na Liverpool.¹⁵. Ihe mmụta bara uru a mụtara site n'ịgagharị ihe ịma aka ndị a ga-eme ka mbọ ndị a na-eme n'ọdịnihu mepụta gburugburu obodo mepere emepe na-adịgide adịgide.¹⁶.

"Imejuputa ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike n'ime obodo mepere emepe chọrọ iji nlezianya dozie mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi, obodo na akụrụngwa ndị dị ugbu a. Ọ bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, mana nke dị mkpa maka iwulite obodo na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke ga-adigide.”

- Onye nhazi obodo obodo, Liverpool City Council

Njem Liverpool gaa n'ọdịniihu dị iche iche na nke nwere oke okike bụ usoro imekọ ihe ọnụ, na-achịkọta ndị otu mpaghara, ndị ọchịchị na ndị obodo ọnụ. Nke URBAN GreenUP oru ngo na-egosiputa mmekorita nke a, dika ndi City Council, University of Liverpool, na Mersey Forest na-aru oru n'ikwekọ imeghe ike nke akụrụngwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.¹⁷.

Site na mmekorita a, obodo a na-etinye aka na nka agụmakwụkwọ, itinye aka na obodo, na ihe ọmụma bara uru nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ obodo iji kwalite odida obodo Liverpool. Oru ngo a etinyela aka n'ọrụ dị iche iche, na-eme nyocha, na-echekwa nkwenye, na ịhazi nleta na saịtị iji kwalite usoro nsonye maka ọdịdị obodo.¹⁷.

The URBAN GreenUP Atumatu emebela mmekorita siri ike na ndi otu ime obodo, na-eji ike puru iche ha na-ebute mgbanwe di nma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọhịa Mersey na-eweta ahụmịhe ya dị ukwuu n'ịkepụta na ijikwa oghere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ebe Mahadum Liverpool na-enye aka nyocha na data bara uru iji duzie ngwọta dabere na okike obodo.¹⁷.

Ihe dị mkpa maka ọganihu nke mgbanwe dabere n'okike Liverpool bụ nkwado na-enweghị mgbagha sitere n'aka gọọmentị ime obodo na nke mba. A họrọla obodo ahụ dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ ise iji nweta ego na enyemaka site na Obodo na-adigide Ihe ịma aka ngagharị, mmemme na-akwalite ịdị ọcha, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nhọrọ njem ndị mmadụ dabere¹⁷. Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ ịgba akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke obodo ahụ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme £ 3.5 nde nke EU Horizon 2020 kwadoro, na-egosipụta ntinye aka na ọdịdị obodo.¹⁷.

Site na mmekorita atụmatụ ndị a na atụmatụ gọọmentị na-akwado, Liverpool na-edobe onwe ya dị ka mgbama nke mmepe obodo na-adigide, ebe ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na ogige ntụrụndụ na-eme nke ọma n'ikwekọ na uto obodo¹⁸.

"Mmekọrịta ndị anyị wulitere dị oke mkpa iji mata n'ọhụụ anyị maka Liverpool na-adị ndụ ndụ ndụ. Site na ijikọta nka nke otu mpaghara, ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ, na nkwado gọọmentị, anyị nwere ike ịmepụta mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide ma gosipụta ike nke ngwọta dabere na okike. "

- Onye na-ekwuchitere Liverpool City Council

Nkwenye Liverpool na ihe ngwọta dabere na okike na-emeju ya site na ntinye atụmatụ nke teknụzụ dị elu. Obodo ahụ anabatala ngwa ọrụ na sistemu ọhụụ iji kwalite arụmọrụ yana mmetụta nke atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi ya¹⁹.

N'ihu ụzọ nkà na ụzụ Liverpool bụ ogidi pollinator smart, bụ ndị na-egosipụta usoro mmiri nke sitere na anyanwụ arụnyere n'ime obodo ndị mepere emepe. Ogidi ndị a ọ bụghị nanị na-enye mmiri mmiri dị mkpa maka ahịhịa dị n'ógbè ahụ kamakwa ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ebe nchịkọta data, na-achịkọta ozi ozugbo banyere àgwà ikuku nke obodo, àgwà mmiri, na ụdị dịgasị iche iche.²⁰.

Nleba anya gburugburu ebe obibi zuru oke dị oke mkpa maka ịlele ịdị irè nke ngwọta dabere na okike. Ụzọ Liverpool si agụnye mkpokọta data saịtị n'ofe ọnụọgụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ogo ikuku, ogo mmiri, ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, ahụike na ọdịmma, mmetụta akụ na ụba na njikọ obodo.²⁰. Ụzọ a na-eme ka data na-eme ka obodo ahụ nwee ike ime mkpebi ndị ziri ezi, na-ebuli atụmatụ ya dabere na okike, na soro uru dị ogologo oge maka ma gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo.

Site n'iji ike nke nkà na ụzụ eme ihe, Liverpool nwere ike ijikọta ihe ngwọta ndị sitere n'okike n'ime akwa obodo ya, na-eme ka ọdịnihu na-adịgide adịgide maka gburugburu ebe obibi ya.¹⁹.

"Ijikota teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na ngwọta sitere n'okike bụ isi ihe na-emepe ohere nke mgbanwe gburugburu Liverpool."

Na Liverpool, atụmatụ izi ihe na mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịkwalite mgbanwe dabere na okike obodo. Nke²¹ Ndị LJMU Natural Capital Hub nọ n'ihu na mbọ a, na-adụ ndị ọchịchị nọ n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ ndụmọdụ maka iji ihe ndị sitere n'okike mee ihe iji gboo ihe egwu ide mmiri.²¹. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enyochakwa atụmatụ imepụta oke ọhịa maka ụlọ ọrụ dịka Woodland Trust, Defra, na Community Forest.²¹. Ọzọkwa, Natural Capital Working Group for Liverpool City Region, nke Hub kwadoro, na-achịkọta ndị mmekọ ọnụ iji kesaa data na atụmatụ.

Ịbanye n'ọgbọ na-eto eto bụ isi ihe na-elekwasị anya²¹. Ndị otu nọ na Hub na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum iji mee ka mmata banyere uru mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba nke akụ sitere n'okike, na-achọ inyere ndị na-eto eto aka ịbanye. ọrụ afọ ofufo na ọrụ na eco-services²¹. LJMU na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka UN Enweghi ike Ebumnuche, yana Natural Capital Hub bụ ihe dị mkpa na nchụso a.

The⁹Ọrụ URBAN GreenUP, gụnyere ndị mmekọ 25 sitere na mba 9, na-ekwusikwa ike mmụta na mmata ọha⁹. Ihe oru ngo a bu n’obi ibelata ihe egwu ngbanwe ihu igwe, mee ka nguzogide mgbanwe ihu igwe, ma kwalite ogo ikuku n’ime obodo mepere emepe, ya na Liverpool, Valladolid (Spain), na Izmir (Turkey) na-eje ozi dị ka obodo ikpe mbụ⁹. Ihe omume a ga-agụnye ihe teknụzụ iji tinye ụmụ amaala aka, kwalite mmata, kwalite ọdịmma, na inye mmemme mmụta na nkwado.

Mmemme mmụta na mgbasa ozi ọha na eze dị oke mkpa n'ịkwalite nghọta miri emi maka mkpa ọ dị ihe omume n'èzí Liverpool na adigide njem Liverpool. Site n'itinye ndị obodo aka, ọkachasị ndị na-eto eto, atụmatụ ndị a na-emeghe ụzọ maka ọdịnihu ga-adigide na ihe okike jikọtara ọnụ maka obodo ahụ.

Ọdịnihu Liverpool dị ka ebe njem nlegharị anya na gburugburu ebe obibi nwere nlebara anya siri ike na ngwọta dabere na okike yiri ihe na-ekwe nkwa. Aghọtala obodo a n'ụwa niile maka ntinye aka ya na mmepe obodo na-adigide, ebe akpọpụtara ya "Obodo osooso" mbụ n'ụwa maka. ihu igwe n'okpuru mmemme United Nations²². Ngosipụta a na-egosipụta nraranye Liverpool na mmejuputa ihe ngwọta dabere na okike n'ofe obodo mepere emepe.

Ebumnuche ogologo oge nke obodo ahụ gụnyere ịgbasa nnukwu akụrụngwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke na-aza ugbu a ihe dịka 80% nke mpaghara ala, yana ịkwado ọrụ 8,000 na £ 350 nde GVA n'ofe Liverpool City Region na Warrington.²². Atụle uru akụ na ụba sara mbara nke akụrụngwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ihe karịrị £ 100 ijeri kwa afọ²². Ka obodo ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-ebute ụzọ ihe ngwọta dabere n'okike, ndị bi na ndị ọbịa nwere ike ịtụ anya ịhụ oghere ahịhịa ndụ ndị ọzọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, atụmatụ oke ọhịa nke obodo mepere emepe na nkwalite ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ n'afọ ndị na-abịa.

N'akụkụ mgbasawanye akụrụngwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, Liverpool na-arụkwa ọrụ maka ebumnuche nkwado ogologo oge. Ndị a gụnyere ịkwalite ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ, yana mmejuputa iwu nke Enweta ihe dị iche iche Netwọk (BNG) site na 2024 na-enye ohere dị ukwuu iji kwụsị ọdịda anụ ọhịa na mpaghara ahụ²³. Obodo a na-enyochakwa ụdị ụlọ akụ ebe obibi ọhụrụ iji kwado gburugburu ebe obibi uru net, nke nwere isi atọ dị mkpa mpaghara Mmelite ọdịdị nke akọwapụtara dị ka ebe a na-elekwasị anya²³.

Ka Liverpool na-aga n'ihu na-eduga n'ime njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi yana mmepe obodo mepere emepe, ọdịnihu obodo ahụ na-adị ka ọ ga-abụwanye akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na-adigide na ọgaranya na ihe ịtụnanya eke maka ma ndị bi na ndị ọbịa ịnụ ụtọ ya.²²²³.

“Nkwenye Liverpool maka mmepe obodo na-adigide bụ ihe na-akpali akpali n'ezie. Dị ka 'Accelerator City' nke mbụ n'ụwa maka omume ihu igwe, obodo ahụ na-esetịpụ akara maka ka ngwọta sitere n'okike nwere ike isi gbanwee obodo ka ọ bụrụ ebe na-adọrọ adọrọ, ebe obibi enyi na enyi."

- Alison Trent, onye ndụmọdụ nkwado

Atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi Liverpool emepeela ọtụtụ ụzọ maka ndị bi na ya itinye aka na mgbanwe ndụ ndụ obodo. Site na itinye aka na ọrụ ndụ ndụ ndụ, Liverpudlian nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkpụziwanye ihe adigide ọdịnihu maka obodo ha²⁴.

Site n'ịkwado ihe ọkụkụ na-eme enyi na enyi ruo na isonye na mmemme ịkụ osisi, enwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị bi na ya nwere ike ime iji kwalite ọdịdị obodo mepere emepe na Liverpool. Mgbanye ndụ adigide omume, dị ka ibelata ihe mkpofu na ịhọrọ ume ọhụrụ, nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu.²⁵

Ndị bi na ya nwere ike itinye aka n'ihu site na itinye aka na mmemme ndị obodo na-eduzi na nkuzi gbadoro anya na ndekọ ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ, mmuta gburugburu ebe obibi, na ọrụ nlekọta oghere ndụ ndụ. Ọrụ afọ ofufo ya na ndị otu mpaghara na-ekwe ka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-akpụzi mgbanwe nke sitere n'okike nke obodo²⁴.

"Site n'ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, anyị nwere ike ịmepụta Liverpool na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-abara ma ndị mmadụ na okike uru."

Site na mbọ ndị a na-agbakọ ọnụ, ndị Liverpool nwere ike hụ na mgbanwe obodo ha ga-aga n'ọdịniihu sitere n'okike, na-eme ka gburugburu obodo mepere emepe ma na-ewusi njikọ ha na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ike.²⁴²⁵.

Njem Liverpool ịghọ obodo dabere n'okike na-egosipụta ikike nke obodo mepere emepe ịnakwere gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide, na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke ụdị dị iche iche. Ọrụ URBAN GreenUP etinyela ntọala maka atụmatụ ndụ ndụ na-aga n'ihu, ebe ndị isi obodo na-ekwupụta olileanya na obodo ndị ọzọ ga-agbaso otu a.²⁶. Ọganihu nke ngwọta dabere n'okike nke Liverpool na-egosi mkpa ọ dị itinye aka na obodo, echiche ọhụrụ, na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ịmepụta ala obodo mepere emepe na-eme nke ọma.

Ka Liverpool na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ obodo na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke nwere ike ibi ndụ, ntinye aka nke ụmụ amaala ya ga-adị mkpa²⁶. Mkpebi obodo ahụ iji bụrụ 'mpaghara obodo green na UK'²⁶ ewelitelarị inwe mpako na inwe n'etiti ndị bi na ya, bụ ndị na-achọsi ike itinye aka na atụmatụ ndị sitere n'okike na-akpụzi.²⁰. Site n'ịkwalite mmekọrịta siri ike n'etiti ọha na eze, agụmakwụkwọ, na ndị na-ahụ maka mpaghara, Liverpool nwere ike hụ na ngwọta ya sitere n'okike abụghị nanị na gburugburu ebe obibi kamakwa ọ na-emetụta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba.

Site n'ọhụụ doro anya maka ọdịnihu na obodo raara onwe ya nye dị njikere ịnakwere mgbanwe ahụ, Liverpool dị mma ka ọ bụrụ ihe nlereanya maka mmepe obodo nke dabeere na okike. Ka obodo na-ele anya n'ihu, na-adịgide adịgide Nlereanya nke mgbanwe ya dabere n'okike ga-abụ imepụta obodo ga-adị ndụ, nke na-agbanwe agbanwe, na gburugburu ebe obibi - nke na-akpali ndị ọzọ ịgbaso nzọụkwụ ya na ijikwa ike nke okike wulite ọdịnihu ndụ ndụ, na-adịgide adịgide.

1. GreenUP obodo - https://carboncopy.eco/initiatives/urban-greenup
2. Liverpool nke sitere n'okike na-aga - https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/422264-a-nature-based-liverpool-is-on-the-way
3. Ngwọta dabere n'okike na-emezi n'ime Atụmatụ obodo: Nyochaa Ọkwa, Nlekwasị anya, na Nhụta dị ka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala nke ihe ịga nke ọma ntinye aka na Liverpool, UK - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/7/1371
4. PDF – https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3166602/2/TCPA 2022.pdf
5. Case Green City Ọmụmụ: Liverpool, UK: URBAN GreenUP nke Liverpool • AIPH - https://aiph.org/green-city-case-studies/liverpool-uk-urban-greenup/
6. LIVERPOOL (UK) - Mweghachi atụmatụ ime obodo na NbS - https://networknature.eu/casestudy/29484
7. PDF – https://www.urbangreenup.eu/kdocs/2049805/ugu-liverpool-infopack_digital.pdf
8. £ 100,000 nkwalite maka okike na mpaghara Liverpool City - https://liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/100000-boost-for-nature-in-the-liverpool-city-region
9. A ga-anwale ngwọta ọhụrụ dabere na okike na Liverpool dị ka akụkụ nke mba ụwa URBAN GreenUP intiative | Akụkọ - https://www.merseyforest.org.uk/news/new-nature-based-solutions-to-be-trialled-in-liverpool-as-part-of-international-urban-greenup-intiative/
10. £2.4m maka idei mmiri obodo, mbuze na ọrụ ịdị mma mmiri - https://www.ukri.org/news/2-4m-for-community-flood-erosion-and-water-quality-projects/
11. Ịchọpụta ike nnyefe na nnukwu ọrụ ngwọta sitere n'okike nke mba ụwa - npj Urban Sustainability - https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-021-00036-8
12. Oke | Ngwọta Ọhụụ ma ọ bụ Ụzọ Nweghachi: Nyochaa ojiji nke Ngwọta dabere na okike (NBS) na Europe - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-cities/articles/10.3389/frsc.2020.572527/full
13. PDF – https://www.liverpoollep.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Building-Climate-Resilience-in-Liverpool-City-Region-FINAL2017.pdf
14. Ọmụmụ ihe - https://interlace-hub.com/case-study-finder
15. Ngwọta sitere n'okike maka mbenata mgbanwe ihu igwe: ihe ịma aka na ohere maka mpaghara ASEAN - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-singapore-cop26-universities-network-policy-reports/nature-based-solutions-for-climate-change-mitigation-challenges-and-opportunities-for-the-asean-region
16. Ngwọta sitere n'okike na nhazi ohere na amụma maka mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe: Nyocha akwụkwọ - Ambio - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-024-02052-1
17. Ọrụ Green Liverpool ahọpụtara maka onyinye ịma aka ihu igwe | Platform Uto – https://growthplatform.org/news/2024/04/green-liverpool-projects-chosen-for-climate-challenge-award/
18. Atụmatụ mgbake okike mpaghara | Mpaghara Liverpool City jikọtara ikike - https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/local-nature-recovery-strategy
19. PDF – https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3101445/1/201388157_Apr2020.pdf
20. Ecology & Society: Mmekọrịta nke ihe ngwọta sitere n'okike (NBS) na amụma mpaghara na ime atụmatụ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe. Ihe akaebe sitere na Barcelona, ​​Lisbon, na Turin - https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol28/iss2/art25/
21. Natural Capital Hub - gịnị ka ọ bụ? - https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/about-us/news/articles/2024/1/9/natural-capital-hub
22. PDF – https://www.merseyforest.org.uk/Summary Doc_LCR_GI_Framework.pdf
23. Banyere oru ngo - itinye ego na okike LCR - https://investinginnaturelcr.com/draft/
24. Liverpool City Council weputara ọhụụ oghere ndụ ndụ - https://www.greenspacescotland.org.uk/news/liverpool-city-council-launch-green-space-vision
25. Dị gị nso: Liverpool - https://groups.friendsoftheearth.uk/near-you/local-authority/liverpool
26. PDF – https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/media/livacuk/publicpolicyamppractice/reports/Towards,a,Cleaner,and,Greener,City,(Long,Version).pdf