Biodiversity muNzvimbo Yakavakwa

Munyika yose kuvaka indasitiri inobhadhara 40% (kana 3 bhiriyoni cubic toni) yezvigadzirwa kupinda muhupfumi gore negore. Zviri pachena kuti ndeimwe yemaindasitiri anonyanya kushandisa zviwanikwa uye anokanganisa nharaunda munyika. Nepo tarisiro muindasitiri yanga iri yakatenderedza decarbonisation uye kusvika net-zero kabhoni yakavakirwa nharaunda, isu hatigone kufuratira. kuchinja kuvaka kuri kuenderera mberi biodiversity.

Zvirongwa zvekuvaka vane zvinogoneka, uye kazhinji kuita, zvinokanganisa dzinogara zvisikwa, zvinokanganisa Wildlife uye simai howa. Pamusoro pezvirongwa zvekuvaka, maitirwo anoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu izvi ari kukanganisawo kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zvenzvimbo iyi.

Kutsakatika kwemarudzi mitengo irikukwira, ne 28% yemarudzi emhuka nezvinomera epasi zvino ari munjodzi yekutsakatika. (2022) Kana kuti kuiona neimwe nzira, kune huwandu hwe 42,108 mhando dziri kutyisidzirwa nekutsakatika maererano neStatista.

Masayendisiti ari kunyevera nezve kuparara kuri kuramba kuchiitika kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kutyisidzira “kwechitanhatu kutsakatika kwevanhu vakawanda”. Inopfuura hafu yehuwandu hwepasirese vanogara mumaguta uye kugariswa kwemadhorobha kunotarisirwa kusvika 68% panosvika 2050, nzvimbo dzakakosha dzevhu nepekugara dziri kubviswa. Kubatanidza kukwira kwehuwandu hwekutsakatika pamwe nekukwira kwemaguta, maguta chinhu chinokosha pakuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.

MuBrazil, West Africa neSouth East Asia, tiri kuona nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzichikurumidza kukura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzechisikigo nemhedzisiro inoparadza kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Tiri kuona mhedzisiro muUK zvakare. A report by Hayhow nevamwe (2016) zvakaratidza kuti 56% yezvipenyu zveUK yakaderera pakati pa1970 na2013, uye kuti zvipenyu muUK zviri kuramba zvakanyanya kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika zhinji.

Sei Biodiversity yakakosha?

Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana ndiyo nzira yakapfupikiswa yemazwi maviri okuti "biological" uye "diversity". Inoreva marudzi ese ezvipenyu anogona kuwanikwa paPasi (zvinomera, mhuka, fungi uye tupukanana) pamwe nenharaunda dzavanoumba nenzvimbo dzavanogara.

Izvo zvakasikwa mhepo mvura nenzvimbo inopa zvinhu zvinokosha izvo vanhu vaisagona kurarama vasina. Ecosystem services ndiwo mabhenefiti anopihwa ne ecosystems. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa chikafu, mvura, matanda, fibre, uye zviwanikwa; kudzora masevhisi akadai sekudzora mamiriro ekunze, mafashamo, zvirwere, uye kunaka kwemvura pamwe chete nekurasa marara; masevhisi etsika akadai sekutandara, kunakidzwa, uye kugutsikana pamweya nerutsigiro masevhisi akadai sekugadzira ivhu, mukume, uye kufambisa bhasikoro.

Hurumende yeUK muna 2008 yakati kuti:

Nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hunotsamira pa ecosystem Sevhisi, tinofanira kuita zvakawanda kukoshesa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuzvipa maonero azvinokodzera, kana tichida kusimudzira hupenyu hwemudhorobha hune hutano.

Kunyange zvazvo pane chimwe chiito chinodiwa, pane kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa mukunzwisisa kukosha yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye mabatiro airi kuita mu indasitiri yekuvaka. Singapore iri kuzvishandura kuita a “Guta MuzvakasikwaIzvi zvinosanganisira mhando kupora zvirongwa zvemarudzi 100 ezvinomera nemarudzi 60 emhuka, uye itai kuti mhuri imwe neimwe mukati mekufamba kwemaminiti gumi kubva mupaki. 

Sangano reWorld Economic Forum rakaparura nguva pfupi yadarika BiodiverCities panosvika 2030 kutanga. Muna Chivabvu 2021, UK yakava nyika yekutanga kuzvipira kune inosunga zviri pamutemo chinangwa chekuwanda kwezvipenyu muna 2030.

Muna 2019, Hurumende yeUK yakazivisa kuti zvitsva zvichange zvichidikanwa kuratidza kuwedzera kwegumi muzana mukusiyana kwezvipenyu kuti vawane mvumo yekuronga. Iyi "Biodiversity Net Gain" (BNG) inzira yekumisikidza nekuratidzira kuvandudzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mukati mebudiriro.

Zvinosanganisira kutanga kudzivisa uyezve kuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana nepazvinogoneka, uye kuwana mibairo inoyerwa inobatsira kune yenzvimbo uye strategic biodiversity pokutanga. Inova mutemo munaNovember 2023.

Biodiversity Net Gain - Teerera kune wepamusoro UK Environmental Lawyer, Ben Stansfield 

Kufambira mberi kupi kwave kuripo kusvika nhasi?

Ko nharaunda yakavakirwa inogona kukurudzira kugara kwemarudzi mazhinji here?

Kukurudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzira mikana yekugara sechikamu chezvitsva zvitsva, kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara, uye kutsvaga kuzvibatanidza nevamwe vari kure. Biodiversity inogona kusimudzirwa nekubatanidza matenga akasimwa, girinhi facades, padivi pemugwagwa miti, pamwe chete nehombe green infrastructure semapaki uye matope. Izvi zvinopa nzvimbo yekuberekesa, pekugara uye chikafu cheshiri, mapollinator nedzimwe mhuka. Munguva yechikamu chekuvaka, zvikamu zvinogona kugadzirwa kunze-saiti kuti kuderedze maitiro anokanganisa zvakanyanya ezvipfuyo zvemuno uye. flora. Kana zvasvika kune nzvimbo dzebrownfield, dzine hupfumi hwemamiriro ekunze, kuchengetedza zvipenyu inotonyanya kukosha kune zviitiko.

Vamwe vagadziri vezvivakwa uye vanoronga maguta vari kuunza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pamberi pemagadzirirwo avo. Mumwe muenzaniso wakadaro Stefano Boeri Architetti. Iyo studio yave kutoshandura yemazuva ano zvivakwa muzvinhu zvinofema kuti zvivandudzwe zvipenyu zvemumaguta uye pakupedzisira kuderedza kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.

Ivo vari kuseri kwe 'Vertical Forests' mumaguta akasiyana anosanganisira Nanjing, Paris, Milan, Eindhoven, Utrecht uye Antwerp. Mune imwe neimwe guta, Sango reVertical rinoitwa a patani iteration kugadzirisa dhizaini yakasarudzika kune yayo maguta ecosystem. MuNanjing, zvidyarwa zvakasarudzwa ndizvo indigenous kunharaunda uye inokwanisa kutora matani makumi maviri pagore eCO20 uye kugadzira matani gumi pagore eokisijeni.

Pakati peMilan, chivakwa chinokwanisa kutora matani makumi matatu eCO30 pagore. Haisi kungotora CO2 chete, inogadzirawo okisijeni, inotora guruva uye mamwe madhorobha kusvibiswa, uye zvivakwa zvine padenga photovoltaic mapaneru, nepo greywater inoshandiswa zvakare sekudiridza maruva. 

Yakurudzirwa kuverenga:

Chii chinonzi Biodiversity Net Gain & Zvinorevei BNG kune Zvakatipoteredza