Biomaterials uye Nzvimbo Yavo muIndasitiri Yekuvaka

izwi biomatadium rinoshandiswa kutsanangura zvekuvakisa yakabva muzvinhu zvipenyu zvinosanganisira miti, mhuka nefungi. Kuwedzera ruzivo nezve microbiology uye synthetic biology matekiniki iko zvino kuri kubvumira inovamba biomaterials kupinda mumusika.

With the kuvaka indasitiri inotarisira 40% yepasi rose CO2 emissions, mutoro unowira paindasitiri kuita shanduko dzinoshamisa kuvandudza yayo kuchengetedza. Zvitsva zvebiomaterials zviri kugadzirwa pachishandiswa marara uye hutachiona kugadzirisa matambudziko aya ezvakatipoteredza, nematanda kana zvidyarwa-zvakavakirwa-zvimiti zviri mambure kabhoni anonyura. Iwo ma biomaterials ari kuongororwa kuti ashandiswe mu indasitiri yekuvaka dzakasiyana uye dzakasiyana, imwe neimwe inotarisira kugadzirisa dambudziko rakasiyana mukati meindasitiri.

Biomaterials vane mukana wekupa zvinhu zvekuvaka nazvo zvinotevera zvinobatsira:

• Kutora uye kuchengetedza kabhoni yakabviswa kubva mumhepo CO₂ nephotosynthesis yazvino
• Kurimwa kwakasimba sezvirimwa zvinorimwa gore negore kana sesango rakareba rekukohwa.
• Biodegradability pakupera kwehupenyu. (Kuora kunodzorwa mukati meanaerobic digester kwaizogadzira zvese organic fertilizer uye bio-methane kupa simba)
• Yakaderera kana inenge zero linear coefficients yekuwedzera kwekupisa
• Iyo midziyo yekudzora tembiricha uye mwando munzvimbo dzakavharirwa nechikamu shanduko yemvura mumaseru
• High vapor diffusivity uye 'Fickian' vapor dispersal
• Kazhinji yakakwirira chaiyo kupisa kugona
• Low thermal diffusivity
• Kazhinji maitiro akanaka-ku-huremu zviyero
• Pasi rinosanganisira simba. 

Concrete - Pane sarudzo dziri nani here?

Zviri pachena kuti zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yekuvaka zvakare imwe yezvisingagadzirike. Concrete, inoshanda semusana wevakawanda kwezvivako, inoburitsa huwandu hunoshamisa hwekabhoni. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kumativi 10 mabhiriyoni ematani ekongiri anogadzirwa gore rega rega, nesamende (chinhu chikuru mukusanganisa kongiri), inoverengera 8% yegore kabhoni pasi rose, uye kushandisa inenge 10% yemvura yekunwa pasi rose, maererano naDosier.

Nepo kongiri uye simende hazvisi inogoneka zvinhu, indasitiri yekuvaka haisi kuzomira kuishandisa husiku. Kugadzirisa chokwadi ichi, kune makambani mazhinji ari kugadzira uye kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzechinyakare Portland-based simende, mukuyedza kudzikisira kuchinja pa mhepo mvura nenzvimbo.

Imwe yekambani yakadaro Basilisk, vari mubishi rekuunza "kongiri inogadzirika" kumusika nekuisa mabhakitiriya anogadzira limestone mukongiri. Kana mabhakitiriya asangana nemvura, senge kana mwando uchipinda pakatsemuka, maspores anoitwa, zvichikonzera kukura kweiyo microorganisms. Mabhakitiriya spores ndiwo hardy extremophiles, kukwanisa kutsungirira kupisa, kusanaya kwemvura uye kutonhora kwemakore mukati mekrete.

Nekuwedzera hupenyu hwekongiri, Basilisk inogona kuderedza huwandu hwese kongiri inoshandiswa nekudaro ichiita kuti zvinhu zvirambe zviripo. Pasinei nemutengo wepamusoro wekutanga wekongiri yekuzviporesa, Girinhi Basilisk iri kushanda kuita kuti indasitiri ione kuti iyo yakachengetwa kwenguva refu mukugadzirisa yakakodzera mutengo.

"Tinogona kuderedza shrinkage reinforcements kusvika ku50%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana tikangowedzera makirogiramu mashanu eBasilisk mumusanganiswa wekongiri tinogona kuchengetedza makirogiramu makumi matatu emafuta pacubic mita, ” akadaro Marc Brants, maneja wekushambadzira uye maakaundi pafemu. 

Imwe kambani iri Biomason, kambani yeUS inorima simende kuburikidza neiyo biological process ine yakaderera kabhoni tsoka. Tekinoroji yavo yebiocement inokura mukudziya kwakadzikama, ichivaka nekabhoni uye calcium kugadzira inodzorwa, simende yezvimiro. Iko Portland simende ndeye calcium-silicate hydrate zvinhu izvo zvinotanga kubva mukusunungura kabhoni kubva muraimu kuburikidza nekupisa kwakanyanya, kuburitsa kabhoni dhaidhiyoni seyakagadzirwa. Iyo Biomason "Biocement" kudzoreredzwa kwemaitiro aya, apo kabhoni necalcium zvinosanganiswa kugadzira biologically yakagadzirwa limestone zvinhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kupisa kwakanyanya uye fossil fuels hazvidiwi mukuita kwavo, uye zvinhu zvavo zvinoshandisa kabhoni sechivakwa chekuvaka.

Mycelia

Mycelium inoumba chikamu chemidzi yehowa uye iri kuongororwa nenzira dzinoverengeka dzekushandisa muchikamu chekuvaka.

Biohm, kambani yakavakirwa muUK, parizvino iri kugadzira mycelium-based insulation panel. Mukana wakakosha we mycelium nderekuti inogona kurimwa pane zvakaraswa zvigadzirwa zvekurima uye inoodza. Iyo ine zvakare chitin, inova yepanyama inodzivirira moto.

“Chatiri kutarisa ndechekuvaka pamusoro peiyi pfungwa yekutenderera … kana tikadzosa zvinhu izvi, tinogona kuzvityora tozozvidzorera mukukura kana takura pane mycelium. Ichi chinhu chatiri kuyedza zvakare. "

London tsika Vadivelu Comedy Blast Studio yakagadzira nzira ye 3D kudhinda nekurarama mycelium ndokuishandisa kugadzira mbiru yaigona kukohwewa mushroom isati yashanda sechinhu chekuvaka chekuvaka. Iyo column yakagadzirwa nekusanganisa mycelium nechikafu chemarara ekofi makapu akaunganidzwa kubva kuLondon uye achiiisa mune yakasarudzika-yakagadzirwa inotonhora extruder, yakafanana nemhando inoshandiswa 3D kudhinda nevhu. Vadivelu Comedy Blast Studio iri kushanda kukwidza tekinoroji yekudhinda a pavilion uye mune ramangwana, inotarisira kuvaka yakazara zvivakwa. Co-muvambi Paola Garnousset akadarod izvi zvinogona kubvumira maguta kukura akitekicha kubva mumatongo avo vachipa zvokudya kuvagari vemo.

Hemp

Darshil Shah, uyo airatidza Episode 15 yeConstructive Voices podcast, inoshanda nehemp se biomaterial. Hemp inogona kutora atmospheric carbon kaviri zvinobudirira as masango tichipa kabhoni-negative biomaterials, paine zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinofungidzira kuti hemp ndeimwe yeakanakisa CO2-ku-biomass inoshandura. Industrial hemp inobata pakati 8 kusvika ku15 matani eCO2 pahekita yekurima. Chirimwa chiri kukura nekukurumidza chave chirimwa kwezviuru zvemakore nekuda kweshinda dzayo, dzaishandiswa kare kuita tambo, machira nemapepa. Nhasi iri kuwedzera kushandiswa kugadzira bioplastics, zvekuvaka uye biofuels.

Mubvunzurudzo pamwe deceen, Shah anoti:

"Idzo dzakasimba, dzakaomarara fiber dzinoumba kunze kwehunde dzinogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvebioplastic zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvemotokari uye kunyange mashizha emhepo-turbine uye mapaneru ekuvharira"

Darshil Shah

"Nehemp bioplastic cladding panels, tinoona kuti ndiyo imwe nzira yakakodzera kune aluminium, bitumen-plastiki uye galvanized simbi mapaneru, inongoda gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu muzana esimba mukugadzirwa kwayo." Mashivha, ayo ari mukati mehuni chikamu chemukati, anogona kushandiswa kugadzira "hempcrete", isina-kutakura-inotakura madziro infill uye insulation material.

Hemp zvakare iri kuferefetwa sechinhu chekuvaka pa Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute muUS, kwavakagadzira imwe nzira yesimbi rebar yakagadzirwa vachishandisa hemp. Kwete chete iyo inoderedza huwandu hwekabhoni emissions, ivo vanoti ichadzivirira dambudziko rekuora.

Simbi iri pasi pekuora uye kuita ngura, kunyanya muzvimiro zvakaita semabhiriji, migwagwa, madziro egungwa uye zvivakwa nenzvimbo dzine munzvimbo dzine munyu wakanyanya, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwayo. Munzvimbo dzinotyisa zvakanyanya, lass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar inowanzoshandiswa pachinzvimbo, iyo ine yakakwirira. kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kana pane ngura pakanga pasisina chinhu, timu pa Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute tenda kuti hupenyu hwepa rebars hwaizodaro wakapetwa katatu pane zvauri ikozvino. Kuwedzera kwehupenyu hwesevhisi uku kunozodzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni zvakanyanya.

Nepo yavo hemp rebar iri imwe nzira inoshanda kune zvigadzirwa zviripo ikozvino, ivo vanotarisira kuti tekinoroji ichatonyanya kushanda mune ramangwana sezvo maitiro ekubvisa achinatswa uye zvidyarwa zvinoberekerwa fibre yavo.

Kunyangwe pave nekufarira mukugadzira ma biomaterials matsva ekuvaka kwenguva yakati, indasitiri yekuvaka inochengetedza uye inotungamirwa nemitengo, zvichireva kuti kugamuchirwa kwave kunonoka. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kuri kuita kwevatengi kudiwa kwekusimudzira kwakawedzera kufarira mune izvi zvitsva, zvichikonzera nzvimbo inokwikwidza yezvivakwa zvekuvaka. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve hunyanzvi uye maitiro mukati mechinyorwa ichi ne kudzidziswa kwekusimudzira pano.

Ndezvipi zvezvinhu izvi zvauchatanga kushandisa mumapurojekiti ako?