Chii Chinonzi Sponge Maguta? Auckland ine 35% Sponginess

Sponge maguta inzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzinoshandisa masisitimu akasimba ekunyorovesa mvura inonaya. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira mafashamo uye zvinoita kuti maguta awedzere kusimba kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Nevanhu mamiriyoni 700 vanogara munzvimbo dzakawirwa nemvura yakanyanyisa, maguta aya akakosha.

Sponge Maguta: Auckland 35% Sponginess

Maguta akaita seAuckland ari kumberi, neawo akangwara emvura yemadutu masisitimu uye nzvimbo dzakasvibirira. Auckland ine "sponginess" ye35%, ichiratidza kuti mutungamiriri mundima iyi.

Mufananidzo nemufananidzo pazasi neruremekedzo rwe Deposit Photos

Sponge maguta zvinopfuura pfungwawo zvayo; ivo mhinduro chaiyo yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Nokushandisa girinhi matenga uye migwagwa inopindika, maguta anogona kurwisa mafashama nekuvandudza kunaka kwemvura. Zvidzidzo zveArup neWorld Economic Forum zvinoratidza izvozvo masikirwo-based solutions zvakachipa uye zvinobudirira.

• Sponge maguta inzvimbo dzemumaguta dzinobatanidza zvigadziriso zvemadhiraini emumaguta kutora mvura inonaya uye kudzivirira mafashamo.
• Vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 700 vari kugara munzvimbo dzine kunaya kwemvura yakawandisa, zvichiita kuti maguta esiponji ave chikamu chinokosha chemvura zhinji. kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze.
• Maguta akaita seAuckland, Nairobi, neNew York ari kutungamira nechiponji guta kusimudzira, neAuckland ichizvikudza ne "sponginess" muzana ye35%.
• Masikirwo-akavakirwa mhinduro angangoita 50% inotengeka zvakanyanya uye 28% inoshanda kupfuura mhinduro dzakagadzirwa nevanhu.
• The kuvaka yeSponge Cities inofungidzirwa kuti inoda madhora mazana maviri nemakumi matatu emadhora panosvika 230.
• Chinangwa chakagadzwa nehurumende yeChina ndeye 80% ye nzvimbo dzemumaguta kubatanidza gadziriso dzeSponge City panosvika gore ra2030, paine chinodikanwa chekugadzirisa zvakare chikamu che70% chemvura inonaya.

Pfungwa yemaguta esiponji inotarisa manejimendi manejimendi uye green infrastructure. Chine chinangwa chekudzikisa mafashamo mumaguta kuchinja. Nekushandisa zvakasikwa uye semi-zvakasikwa masisitimu, maguta anogona kuderedza njodzi yemafashama uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu.

Pfungwa iyi yakatanga kutaurwa nevatsvagiri veChinese mukutanga kwe2000s. Hurumende yeChina yakabva yaita mutemo wemaguta enyika. Guta resiponji rine manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi masisitimu, anobata mvura patani, uye nzvimbo dzakasvibira semapaki nemapindu.

Mabhenefiti emaguta esiponji anosanganisira:

• Kuderedza njodzi yemafashamo
• Kuvandudzwa kwemvura
• Kuwedzera nzvimbo dzakasvibira
• kunowedzera biodiversity

Kutora maitiro emuguta echiponji kunobatsira maguta kutarisana nemafashama ehupfumi nemagariro. Inowedzerawo vagari vemo utano uye hupenyu hwakanaka. Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vanotamira kumaguta, kudikanwa manejimendi manejimendi uye girinhi kwezvivako ichakura.

zvinobudirira kuronga maguta chinhu chakakosha mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kunyanya kumisa mafashamo. Nekushandisa zvigadziriso zvinotora mvura, maguta anogona kubata mvura inonaya zviri nani. Izvi zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwemudhorobha huve nani kune wese.

Nzvimbo dzakasvibira senge mapaki nemagadheni ari pamwoyo pechigadzirwa ichi. Vanonyorovesa mvura inonaya, vachirerutsa mutoro pahurongwa hwemvura yemadutu. Izvi zvinorevawo kuti mukana wemvura wakaderera. Uyezve, vanoita kuti mhepo ichenese, vanowedzera zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye vatonhodze guta.

Mumaguta akaita seWuhan, mapurojekiti anopfuura mazana matatu nemakumi masere esponji achenesa mweya uye akaunza zvimwe Wildlife. Lingang New City inoshandisa zvidhinha zvakakosha kumisa mvura kubva pakuungana. Vakafukidzawo mahekita mazana maviri edzimba ne matenga padenga.

Nekushandisa zvigadziriso zvinotora mvura, maguta anogona kuve akasvibira uye akasimba. Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vachitamira kumaguta, zvinokosha kuti uvaronge zvakanaka. Nenzira iyi, tinogona kuve neramangwana rine hutano uye rakasvibira remunhu wese.

Maguta echiponji emazuva ano ane magadzirirwo matsva. Vanotora mvura inonaya, vanoderedza mafashamo, uye vanovandudza kunaka kwemvura. Aya maficha ndiwo akakosha green infrastructure, yakakosha kune manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi uye kuronga maguta.

Zvimwe zvakakosha zvemaguta aya zvinosanganisira:

• Mapavheji anopindika anoita kuti mvura inonaya inyure
• Denga regirini nemadziro anochengeta zvivakwa tonhorera uye bata mvura inonaya
• MaBioswales nemagadheni anonaya anochenesa nekunwa mvura inonaya
• Zvirongwa zvepasi pevhu zvinochengeta mvura yakawanda inonaya

Zvinhu izvi zvinoumba simba rakasimba kuronga maguta strategy. Vanotarisa pa green infrastructure uye manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi. Nenzira iyi, maguta anogona kuderedza njodzi dzemafashamo, kuwedzera kunaka kwemvura, uye kuve akasimba uye anorarama.

Maguta ezviponji anounza zvikomborero zvakawanda zvakatipoteredza. Vanovandudza kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye manejimendi manejimendi. Vanoshandisa green infrastructure senzira dzinopinda napo namatenga egirinhi. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza njodzi yemafashamu uye kubata mvura inonaya zviri nani.

Mamwe mabhenefiti akakosha emaguta esiponji ndeaya:

• Kuderedza njodzi yemafashamo kuburikidza nekunwa mvura
• Kuvandudza kunaka kwemvura kuburikidza nekusefa kwepanyama
• kunowedzera zvipenyu zvemumaguta kuburikidza nekupa nzvimbo itsva dzekugara
• Kuvandudzwa kwemweya uye kuderedzwa kupisa kwemaguta

Semuenzaniso, Shenzhen neShanghai vakaona shanduko huru. Vakashandisa kuchera mvura yemvura nemapavement anopindika. Izvi zvakaderedza zvikuru mafashamo.

Mansfield, UK, yakaitawo shanduko huru. Vakashandisa £76 miriyoni pa green infrastructure. Izvi zvichavabatsira kubata mafashamu zviri nani, vachichengeta marita emvura inodarika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu nemasere.

Kugadzira maguta esiponji kunoda zvakanaka kuronga maguta. Izvi zvinoreva kugadzira maguta nokungwarira, kumisikidza zvivakwa zvakanaka, uye nekuibatanidza nehurongwa hwazvino. Izvi zvinobatsira kubata mvura yemudutu uye kuderedza njodzi dzemafashama. Kudzora mafashamo nhanho, semapavha anopindika uye matenga egirinhi, anogona kucheka pasi pemvura inoyerera neinosvika 90% zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dzakaoma.

Mvura yepasi recharge yakakosha mumaguta esiponji. Kuwedzera nzvimbo dzakasvibira nemitumbi yemvura kune madhizaini eguta kunobatsira kuchajazve mvura yepasi. Iyi nzira haingogadziri mvura yemadutu chete asi inosimudzirawo zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye howa zvakasiyana-siyana.

Maguta anogona kushandisa zvakasiyana kuronga maguta nzira dzekuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi. Semuyenzaniso:

• Kuwedzera nzvimbo dzakasvibira semapaki uye matenga egirinhi
• Kushandisa migwagwa inopindika uye migwagwa kuderedza kuyerera kwepasi
• Kuisa miviri yemvura uye matope mumadhizaini eguta

Aya mazano anobatsira maguta kudzivirira mafashamo, kurudzira mvura yepasi recharge, uye kuvaka nzvimbo dzakasimba, dzakasimba.

Maguta pasi rose ari kumbundirana zvigadziriso zvemadhiraini emumaguta. Izvi zvakakonzera nyaya dzakawanda dzekubudirira. Nyaya idzi dzinoratidza kuti sei chipanji maguta wedzera kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze. Kubva kuChina kuenda kuEurope nekuAmerica, zvirongwa izvi zvinoratidza kuti maguta anogona kurwisa mafashama nemamiriro ekunze.

KuChina, chirongwa cheSponge City chinovavarira kubata 70% yemvura yemvura panosvika gore ra2030. Matope eHaikou ane teresi anochenesa matani 6,000 emvura yetsvina zuva nezuva, zvichiwedzera kunaka kwemvura. Mapurojekiti eguta re Wuhan 389 esponji anocheka kuburitswa kweCO2 nematani 725 pagore uye tembiricha yakadzikira neinopfuura 3°C.

MuEurope, Cardiff uye reRotterdam vari kutungamirira nzira. Cardiff ine mapindu anopfuura zana anonaya anonyudza 100 square metres emvura inonaya gore negore. Denga reRotterdam rebhuruu-girinhi rakaderedza mari yekuchenesa mvura nemadhora makumi manomwe neshanu uye kudzivirira matani gumi e CO40,000.

Iyi mienzaniso inosimbisa simba re chipanji maguta mukusimudzira kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze nekusimudzira zvigadziriso zvemadhiraini emumaguta. Nekushandisa nzira idzi, maguta anogona kuderedza njodzi dzemafashamo, kuvandudza kunaka kwemvura, uye kuita kuti nzvimbo dzekugara ive nani kune wese.

Kugadzira maguta esiponji kunoda mari yakawanda manejimendi manejimendi mapurojekiti. Izvi zvinosanganisira green infrastructure uye manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi Zvirongwa. Nyanzvi vanoti inogona kuita mari inosvika US$1 trillion kuwedzera Sponge City Program muChina.

Mari yekuvaka nekumhanyisa maguta esiponji yakakwira. Asi, vanounzawo zvikomborero zvikuru. Semuenzaniso, muChina, mafashamo anodhura inenge 1% yeGDP gore negore. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti sei zvakanaka manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi inokosha zvikuru.

Hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha maguta anofanirwa kuisa mari mazviri kune sponge maguta:

• Kuvandudza zvigadzirwa, semapavement anopindika uye matenga egirinhi
• Zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza mvura, kusanganisira matangi epasi pevhu nemanyoro
• Nzvimbo dzakasvibira, dzakadai semapaki nemagadheni, kutora nekusefa mvura inonaya

Kugona manejimendi manejimendi uye green infrastructure ndiwo akakosha pakubudirira kwemaguta esiponji. Nekudyara mune izvi, maguta anogona kuderedza njodzi yemafashama, kuvandudza mvura yakachena, uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekugara.

Kugadzira maguta esiponji kwakaoma nekuda kwehunyanzvi, hwemari, uye zvipingaidzo zvemitemo. Kugona kuronga maguta chinhu chakakosha kukunda matambudziko aya. Kutsanya kweChina kukura kwemaguta kwawedzera mafashamo, nepamusoro pe60% yemaguta akatarisana nemafashama.

Pane dambudziko guru kudzora mafashamo zviyero. Izvi zvakakonzera njodzi dzakaita semafashamo eBeijing muna 2012, akauraya vanhu makumi manomwe nevapfumbamwe. Zvakare, shanduko yezviponji masisitimu eguta ichangotanga, uye maguta mazhinji akarasikirwa nenzvimbo dzakasvibira nemitumbi yemvura.

Kugadzirisa nyaya idzi, nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa mvura yepasi recharge uye kuronga maguta zvinodiwa. Kushandisa green infrastructure semapavheji anopindika uye matenga egirinhi anogona kubatsira kubata mvura uye kuderedza kuyerera kwenzizi. Nenzira iyi, maguta anogona kuve akatsiga uye akasimba kune vanhu vawo.

zvinobudirira manejimendi manejimendi chinhu chakakosha kumaguta esiponji. Community engagement uye kuziva veruzhinji kwakakosha. Nokudzidzisa vagari nezve green infrastructure uye manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi, maguta anogona kuwana tsigiro yezviponji zvemaguta mapurojekiti. Izvi zvinokurudzira tsika ye kuchengetedza.

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuziva kweveruzhinji uye dzidzo yakakosha kumaguta esiponji. Ongororo mumaguta mashanu ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina yakawana vagari vakadzidza vanotsigira mapurojekiti eguta resiponji zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoratidza maguta anofanirwa kuisa mari muzvirongwa zvedzidzo uye zviitiko zvekusvika.

Mamwe marongero ekuita nharaunda nekuzivisa veruzhinji anosanganisira:

• Kuita zvirongwa zvedzidzo uye zviitiko zvekusvika
• Kugadzira kutora chikamu kweruzhinji nemikana yekudyidzana nevatambi
• Kukura green infrastructure uye manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi zvirongwa zvinosanganisira mhinduro dzenharaunda

Nekutarisana nekuita nharaunda uye kuziva veruzhinji, maguta anogona kuwana kuvimba nerutsigiro rwezvirongwa zveguta responge. Izvi zvinotungamira kune zvirinani manejimendi manejimendi uye remangwana rakasimba.

Sezvo maguta achikura, zvakakosha kukoshesa kuita kwenharaunda uye kuziva kweveruzhinji mukusimudzira dhorobha. Tichishanda pamwe chete, tinogona kuvaka ramangwana rakagadzikana uye rakasimba remunhu wese.

Kuchengeta maguta e sponge akasimba kunoda kunyatso chengeta. Izvi zvinoreva kutarisa green infrastructure uye manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi maitiro kazhinji. Izvo zvakare kiyi yekuenzanisa kukura nekudzivirira iyo mhepo mvura nenzvimbo kuburikidza kuronga maguta.

Hedzino dzimwe nzira dzekuchengeta maguta esiponji ari muchimiro chakanaka:

• Nguva dzose kuchenesa uye kugadzirisa matenga egirini nemadziro
• Kuongororwa kwemhando yemvura uye kuyerera kwemitengo
• Kutevedzera ye adaptive manejimendi maitiro ekupindura kune shanduko yemamiriro ekunze

Nekutarisisa kuchengetedza, maguta anogona kuchengetedza mapurojekiti eguta resiponji achishanda nemazvo. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza mafashamo, kuvandudza kunaka kwemvura, uye kuwedzera zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Sezvo maguta achikura, anofanirwa kuronga kumberi uye kuisa mari mukati green infrastructure kuitira ramangwana rakanaka.

Maguta ari kukura uye akatarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Pfungwa yemaguta esiponji ndiyo yakakosha. Kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze inobatsira maguta kubata mvura zhinji nemafashamo. Kuwedzera green infrastructure kuhurongwa hweguta kunokosha.

Nyika zhinji dziri kuisa mari manejimendi manejimendi kuitira ramangwana rakagadzikana. Mapurojekiti emuguta reSponge eChina ane chinangwa chekucheka mafashamo nekuvandudza kunaka kwemvura. Ivo zvakare vanogadzira nzvimbo dzakasvibirira uye vanotsigira kuvandudzwa kwemadhorobha. Ositireriya uye UK vari kutevera sutu, vachiwedzera green infrastructure kuzvirongwa zvavo.

Maguta emangwana echiponji achange aine:

• Mapavheji anopindika uye matenga egirinhi kuderedza mvura inoyerera
• Kunayisa mapindu uye bioswales kusefa uye kutora mvura
• Underground water storage systems kugadzirisa mafashamo nekusanaya kwemvura

Zvinhu izvi zvichaita kuti maguta awedzere kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze. Vachadzikisawo njodzi dzemafashamo nekusanaya kwemvura. Sezvo maguta anokura, kudiwa kwe manejimendi manejimendi uye green infrastructure zvichawedzera.

Maguta eSponge akakosha kune ramangwana riri nani. Vanobatsira kubata mvura zvakanaka, kugadzirisa matambudziko akaita semafashama uye kushomeka kwemvura. Aya maguta anoshandisa nzvimbo dzakakosha uye nzvimbo dzakasvibirira kubata mvura.

MuChina, Europe, uye North America, maguta esiponji ari kuita musiyano mukuru. Vanovandudza hutano uye kuderedza mafashamo. Sezvo maguta achikura, tinoda mamwe maguta esiponji.

Kugadzira maguta esiponji idambudziko rakakura, asi zvakakosha. Nehunyanzvi hutsva uye kushanda pamwe chete, tinogona kuita kuti zviitike. Maguta eSponge achaita kuti maguta edu ave nani kune wese munhu, ikozvino uye mune ramangwana.