Urban Design muKutarisana Nekuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze: Matambudziko uye Magadzirirwo

Urban design uye kuronga zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzirisa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, tichitarisa pane zvese zvekudzikisa uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Kuderedza kunosanganisira kuderedza kabhoni kuburikidza nemisimboti yeNew Urbanism, nepo kuchinjika kunowanikwa munzvimbo uye kunosiyana nenharaunda¹. Urban patani zvinopesvedzera maitiro, zvichigona kuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni kubva mukutakurwa kusvika ku40%¹. The kuchinja yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze maguta iri kuwedzera, nekuwedzera kwemvura zhinji, madutu, uye kupisa kwezvitsuwa zvemumaguta zvatove pachena. Urban kuronga kwakakosha mukugadzira mhinduro dzinochinjika, kushandisa maturusi akadai sehurongwa hwakadzama hwekugadzirisa, kubatanidzwa kwevatori vechikamu, uye dhizaini dhizaini yekusimbisa kusimbisa. kusimba kwemadhorobha.

• Magadzirirwo emaguta uye kuronga kwakakosha mukugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekuderedza uye kugadzirisa maitiro.
• Kuedza kuderedza kunogona kuderedza carbon emissions kubva pazvifambiso kusvika pamakumi mana muzana kuburikidza nemisimboti yekugadzira madhorobha.
• Madhizaini emumadhorobha anopesvedzera sarudzo dzedzimba, zvichitungamira kudzimba diki uye dzinoshanda nesimba.
• Kudyara kwemiti idanho rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemadhorobha kuita senge carbon sink yekuburitsa hutsi.
• Kutama kwemamiriro ekunze kunopa mukana wekuchinja maitiro ebudiriro uye mabhenefiti munharaunda.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunounza matambudziko akakura kumadhorobha pasi rese, nekukanganisa kuri kutarisirwa kuwedzera mumakumi emakore anotevera.². Nyika dzine mari yakaderera nepakati ndidzo dzinogara zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvevagari vomumaguta enyika, nevagari vakawanda vomumaguta vari pangozi huru yenjodzi dzinokonzerwa nokushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze semadutu, mafashamo, kuondomoka kwevhu, uye mafungu ekupisa.². Zvidzidzo zvemuno zvine hudzamu zvinoratidzira kusadzivirirwa kwevagari vemumaguta kune idzi njodzi nekukanganisika kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwekuronga kwemaguta kwakadzama uye nzira dzekusimbaradza.

Sainzi inokonzeresa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze inoratidza kuti zvimwe zvinokanganisa, zvakaita sekunaya kwemvura zhinji uye mafashamu emvura, zvave kutoitika uye zvicharamba zviripo.³. Zvitsauko 1-5 mubhuku rinonzi “Climate Change and Urban Environmental Sustainability” zvinoongorora matambudziko anokonzerwa zviitiko zvekunze zvakanyanya, kukwira kwemazinga egungwa, uye kupisa kwemudhorobha chitsuwa mhedzisiro, kusimbisa iyo kukosha of hurongwa hwemadhorobha hwakasimba uye kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa.

Kusagadzikana kwemadhorobha kunowedzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita semadhorobha kupisa kwechitsuwa mhedzisiro uye kukwira kwemvura yegungwa.⁴. Nzvimbo dzemudhorobha nedzemudhorobha dzinopa chikamu chakakura chekubuda kweUS greenhouse gas (GHG) uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa mweya, nemaguta ane GHG yakakura.⁴. Maguta makuru gumi uye epamusoro 10% yemasabhubhu anoita inopfuura hafu yezvese zvinobuda muUnited States, zvichiratidza kusaenzana kwekugoverwa kwekubuda pakati pemaguta.

Zvidzidzo zvemumaguta akakanganisika anosanganisira Amsterdam, uko³ 97% yehuwandu inogona kutamiswa nemafashama ne2050, uye Marudhivhu, uko kune hutsva hunoyangarara guta mhinduro dziri kugadzirwa kurwisa kukwira kwemvura yemugungwa³. Zvitsauko 8-10 zvebhuku zvinoongorora kwezvivako uye inogoneka urban management, ichisimbisa kudiwa kwegadziriro yemaguta yakatsiga mukutarisana nekukurumidza kukurumidza kwemaguta uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.

Sezvo nzvimbo dzemaguta dzichiramba dzichikura, kukosha kwekubatanidza mazano ekugadzirisa uye kubatana kwenharaunda kudzivirira zvakakosha ecosystems seuswa hwegungwa nemimango pamberi pe kukura kwemaguta uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunosimbiswa². Kuisa mari mudzimba, zvivakwa, uye mabasa ekukurumidzira munyika dzine mari yakawanda zvakaderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nekukuvara, kufa, uye kurasikirwa kwemari, zvichisimbisa kudikanwa kwekuedza kwakafanana munyika dzine mari yakaderera nepakati.

“Ruzhinji rwenzufu dzepasi rose dzinokonzerwa nenjodzi dzinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze dzinoitika munyika dzine mari yakaderera nepakati.”²

Nekugadzirisa sainzi inokonzeresa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kunzwisisa kusagadzikana kwemaguta uye njodzi, uye kuongorora nyaya dzezviitiko zvemaguta akakanganisika, tinogona kugadzirira zvirinani matambudziko anokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kushandira kune ramangwana rakagadzikana uye rakagadzikana remaguta.

Vagadziri vemaguta vanosangana nematambudziko anotyisa pavanenge vachiedza kugadzira maguta akasimba takatarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kubva pakukwira kwemvura yegungwa uye mafashamo kusvika kune yakanyanyisa mamiriro ekunze uye kupisa kwemudhorobha chitsuwa, kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kushandura mamiriro ebudiriro yemaguta.⁵.

Maguta ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa ari mungozi zvikuru kutyisidziro yokukwira kwemvura yegungwa nemafashamo. Mu Netharenzi, uko chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika chiri pasi pemwero wegungwa⁶, guta guru reAmsterdam rinofungidzirwa kuva nevanhu vanopfuura 700,000, vanenge 97% yevagari varo, vakadzingwa mukupera kwezana remakore nekuda kwenjodzi yemafashamo.⁶. Kurwisa izvi, maDutch akaita chirongwa cheDelta, chirongwa chakakwana chakatariswa kuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira kutonga kwemvura yakachena, kuderedza mafashamo, uye kuronga kwenzvimbo kwakasimba⁶.

Zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya, semadutu uye mafungu ekupisa, zvinopa njodzi huru kune zvivakwa zvemudhorobha uye Hurumende yehutano⁷. Pakazosvika 2100, huwandu hwevanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzemahombekombe vari munjodzi yekukuvadzwa kwemafashama hunofungidzirwa kuti huchakwira kubva pa250 miriyoni kuenda ku630 miriyoni.⁷. Maguta makuru akaita seJakarta, Shanghai, Hong Kong, neMiami ari panjodzi yemafashama ane chekuita nemamiriro ekunze⁷.

Kupisa kwemudhorobha chitsuwa mhedzisiro, uko maguta anowana tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura nzvimbo dzakatenderedza dzekumaruwa, nderimwe dambudziko ririkunetsa⁷. Pakazosvika 2050, huwandu hwemaguta ane avhareji tembiricha inodarika 95 degrees Fahrenheit inotarisirwa kuwedzera zvakanyanya.⁷. Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi kunoda mazano akadai sekuwedzera nzvimbo dzakasvibirira uye nekuita zvinoratidzira kudzikamisa kupisa kwemudhorobha chitsuwa⁵.

Matambudziko aya anoda nzira ine mativi mazhinji ekugadzirwa kwemaguta, ichibatanidza nzira dzekudzikisa uye dzekugadzirisa kuti dzigadzire nharaunda dzemudhorobha dzakasimba.⁵. Nhamburiko dzekudzikisa kuburitswa kwekabhoni pasi rose kunoda kuvandudzwa kushanda nesimba uye kunaka kwezvivakwa mumaguta⁷.

Zvigadziriso zvekuvandudza senge "sponge city" pfungwa muNanchang, China, inosanganisa manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi, Wildlife kusikwa kwekugara, uye nzvimbo dzekutandarira⁶, uye chirongwa cheguta rechitsuwa chinoyangarara muMaldives, chakagadzirirwa kugara vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi maviri mudhorobha rakagadzikana uye rakasimba. mhepo mvura nenzvimbo⁶, ratidza mukana wekugadzirwa kwemadhorobha kugadzirisa matambudziko aya akaomarara.

"Amsterdam inoratidzwa semucherechedzo weguta rekushandisa zvivakwa uye dhizaini yemadhorobha kuderedza njodzi yemafashama ane njodzi."⁷

Aya mazano matsva ekugadzira maguta, kubva mukusimudzirwa kwekufambisa kusvika pakuita zvivakwa zvinogadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, zvinoratidza mukana wekugadzira zvinogara uye zvinogara. maguta akasimba mukutarisana nemamiriro okunze ari kuchinja⁵.

Sezvo maguta ari kunetsana nekukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, misimboti yedhizaini yemadhorobha yakabuda senzira yakakosha yekugadzira nharaunda dzakasimba uye dzinogara.⁸. Aya misimboti anovavarira kudzikisira kupisa kwechitsuwa chemudhorobha, kubata mvura yemadutu, uye kusimudzira sarudzo dzekufambisa, zvese izvi zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwese hwevagari vemumaguta.

Green infrastructure, semumaguta masango, mapaki, uye matenga egirinhi, anoita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwemaguta⁸. Izvi masikirwo-based solutions inogona kubatsira kudzikisira kupisa kwemadhorobha chitsuwa mhedzisiro, kugadzirisa air quality, uye kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura yemadutu⁹. Chirongwa cheFish Tail Park muNanchang, China, inyaya yemuenzaniso, inoshandura nzvimbo yedhorobha mukati merwizi rweYangtze mafashamo kuti agadzirise mvura yemadutu, kupa. mhuka dzesango, uye kupa nzvimbo dzekutandarira⁸.

Dhizaini yemadhorobha inosimudzira zvakare inoisa pamberi musanganiswa-wekushandisa budiriro, iyo inobatanidza dzimba dzekugara, dzekutengesa, uye dzekutandarira.⁹. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuderedza kudiwa kwekufamba kwemotokari, kuderedza kabhoni emissions uye kusimudzira nzira dzakasimba dzekufambisa, dzakadai sekufamba uye kuchovha bhasikoro.⁹. Freiburg, Jerimani, inozivikanwa nemaitiro ayo ekugadzirisa maguta, ane eco-hushamwari chekufambisa uye nzvimbo ine simba shoma reimba.⁹.

Kuwedzeredza kufamba uye kusvikika ibwe repakona rekugadzirisa dhizaini yemadhorobha⁹. Nekuisa pamberi pevanofamba netsoka uye nzvimbo dzinowanikwa veruzhinji, maguta anogona kukurudzira kufambisa uye kuderedza kuvimba nemotokari dzakazvimirira.⁹. Izvi, zvakare, zvinobatsira pakuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo, kuderedzwa greenhouse gas emissions, uye nharaunda dzakasimba, dzinogara⁹.

Misimboti yekugadzirwa kwemaguta, senge green infrastructure, kusimukira kwekushandisa kwakasanganiswa, uye kufamba, kwakakosha pakugadzira mamiriro ekunze-maguta akasimba iyo inogona kuenderana nezvinetso zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja⁸. Sezvinoratidzwa nemapurojekiti akaita seMaldives Floating City neDelta Chirongwa muNetherlands, mhinduro itsva dziri kubuda kugadzirisa nyaya dziri kunetsa dzenguva yedu.⁸.

"Maguta akasimba haana kunaka kune zvakatipoteredza chete, asi anovandudza hupenyu hwevagari vawo." - Jane Jacobs, theorist wedhorobha uye munyori

Sezvo maguta akatarisana nematambudziko ari kukura anokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, mhinduro itsva dziri kubuda kusimudzira kusimba kwawo. Kubva kumamiriro ekunze-inopindura akitekicha kune kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi matekinoroji, vanoronga maguta vari kutsvaga nzira dzekushandura zvipingamupinyi izvi zvinotungamirwa nemamiriro ekunze kuita mikana kubudirira kwakasimba¹⁰.

Mavakirwo emamiriro ekunze ndiwo akakosha utsanzi mukutsvaga maguta akasimba. Aya magadzirirwo anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuwedzera kusimba. Somuenzaniso, Chicago, United States dzimba purazi rakakura kwazvo pasi rose, nzvimbo ye90,000 square-foot¹⁰. Uyezve, Chicago yakashandura mitemo yayo yenzvimbo muna 2010 kuti ienderane nekurima kwemadhorobha, ichibvumira hydroponics uye kurima kwakatwasuka muguta rese.¹⁰.

Smart matekinoroji ari kuitawo basa rakakosha mukuvaka maguta akatsiga. MuSharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, zvirongwa zvakaita sematenga edenga rezuva uye madiki-scale-photovoltaic masisitimu ari kuitwa, zvichibatsira mukuderedza zvakanyanya¹⁰. Saizvozvo, muAustin, Texas, gidhi rakangwara rekugara zviuru gumi nemabhizinesi makumi manomwe neshanu akaedzwa, zvichikonzera kuchengetedzeka kwesimba uye mvura, sekusimbiswa nekuongorora kweDuke University.¹⁰.

Aya magadzirirwo matsva anoratidza kuti maguta anogona kushandura sei matambudziko emamiriro ekunze kuita mikana yebudiriro inoenderera uye nekusimbaradza. Nekugamuchira dhizaini inopindura mamiriro ekunze uye tekinoroji dzakangwara, vagadziri vemaguta vari kugadzira nzira yeramangwana umo maguta akashongedzerwa zvirinani kumirisana nekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze.¹¹.

"Resilient Cities Network inoshanda pamwe chete nemaguta anoda kusvika zana pasi rose, ichibatsira vagari ve100 miriyoni."¹¹

Urban design pamberi pekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze inoda bumbiro rakasimba uye hurongwa hweutongi hwekufambisa shanduko ine musoro¹². Zvirongwa zvehurumende yematunhu zvakabuda senzira dzakakosha dzekuzadzikiswa mamiriro ekunze-adaptive kuronga uye kuvaka maguta akagwinya¹³. Maguta epasirese akatambira dzimwe nzira dzekutonga uye nzira dzemadhorobha mamiriro ekunze mazano anowanzova neshungu kupfuura ayo anotarwa nehurumende dzenyika¹³. Aya matanho emitemo akakosha pakushandura zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze pasi rose kuita mhinduro dzinogoneka munharaunda¹².

Mhinduro dzeunyowani padanho renzvimbo dzinoratidza basa rakakosha revakuru veguta mukugadzirisa kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze mumadhorobha.¹². Somuenzaniso, dzimbahwe rePeru, Lima, rakapayona mvura kuchengetedza mazano ekurwisa kushomeka kwemvura - dambudziko riri kusimba rinowedzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze¹². Saizvozvo, Malaysia's Low Carbon City Framework Chirongwa inobata zviremera zvemuno mukugadzira marongero ezvirongwa zvakaderera-kabhoni, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekuita kweguta-chikamu.¹³.

Mitemo yekuvaka yakasimba uye zviyero zvakakosha maturusi ekuvimbisa kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze kuvaka nekusimudzira¹². Aya maturusi emitemo anogona kuraira kushandiswa kwe inogoneka zvinhu, magadzirirwo emagetsi, uye mamiriro ekunze-anochinjika maficha, nokudaro ramangwana-proofing the inovakwa nharaunda¹². Pamusoro pezvo, zvirongwa zvenyika zvinotsigira kuitwa kwemirau yakadaro zvinogona kuwedzera kusimbisa kusimba kwemaguta¹³.

Nekushandisa simba remitemo uye hutongi, vagadziri vemaguta vanogona kufamba nematambudziko ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemaguta anosimba.¹². Kubatanidzwa kwematanho matsva emunharaunda uye mirau yakasimba yekuvaka kwakakosha pakushandura zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze epasi rose kuita zvinobatika, zvinotarisana nenzvimbo.¹³.

“Maguta akasimba masisitimu akaomarara akatarisana nematambudziko sekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, dambudziko rehupfumi, uye denda. Tekinoroji dzepamberi senge data hombe uye ICT inoita basa rakakosha mukati kuvandudzwa kwemaguta.. "-.¹²

Community engagement yakakosha pakubudirira dhizaini yemadhorobha mukutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze¹⁴. Nekubatanidza vagari venzvimbo uye vanobatana, zvigadziriso zvemadhorobha zvinogona kugadzirwa kuti zvigadzirise zvidikanwi zvakasiyana uye mamiriro enharaunda yega yega. Iyi nzira yekutora chikamu inovimbisa kuti kuenderera kwekuvaka, green infrastructure, uye mamiriro ekunze-adaptive kuronga zvirongwa zvinoenderana nevanhu vavanovavarira kushandira.

Tsvagiridzo inosimbisa iyo kukosha yekupinda kweveruzhinji mukuronga maguta¹⁵. Kuiswa kwenharaunda kunobatsira kuona matambudziko emunharaunda, zvinonyanya kukosha, uye mhinduro nyowani, zvichitungamira kumapurojekiti anowana rutsigiro rwakasimba munharaunda uye anotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvishoma.¹⁵. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidzawo kuti zvirongwa zvinofambiswa nenharaunda, zvakaita sezviya zvekutonga marara, zvinogona kuguma nemaitiro anoshanda uye eco-ushamwari.¹⁵. Maitiro anosanganisirwa mukutonga zviwanikwa, seaya anoshandirwa muUganda Yo-Waste purojekiti, anogona zvakare kutungamira kune zvirinani manejimendi uye kugovana mabhenefiti akaenzana.¹⁵.

Kukurukurirana kwakanaka kwenharaunda kunosanganisira kuona vanobatana, kuisa zvinangwa zvakajeka, kusarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekuita, kuve nechokwadi chekubuda pachena, uye kutevera kuburikidza nekubatanidza mhinduro dzenharaunda.¹⁵. Geolocation data, mapuratifomu epamhepo, uye data analytics zvinogona kusimudzira kuedza uku nekupa ruzivo rwakakosha uye kufambisa kutora chikamu kwakawanda.¹⁵. Pamusoro pezvo, kusiyanisa, kuenzana, uye kubatanidza (DEI) zvirongwa zvinobatsira mukuvaka kuvimba uye nekubatanidza maonero akasiyana muhurongwa hwekuronga maguta.¹⁵.

Kubudirira kwezvirongwa zvinotungamirwa nenharaunda, senge Türkiye's Local Climate Change Action Plans uye Singapore inotungamirwa nenharaunda. urban greening kuedza, inosimbisa kukosha kwekubatanidzwa kwepasi mukugadzira remangwana remaguta rakagadzikana¹⁴. Nokuita basa nharaunda dzemunharaunda, vagadziri vemaguta vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvirongwa zvavo zvinogadzirisa mamiriro ekunze uye Sustainable infrastructure mapurojekiti anozadzisa zvinodiwa nevanhu vavanoshandira.

"Kusimukira kwemadhorobha kunoda nzira dzakanangana nevanhu sekudyidzana nenharaunda uye zvirongwa zveDEI zvekuvaka maguta ari kubudirira uye akatsiga."¹⁵

Nekugamuchira kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda, vagadziri vemaguta vanogona kugadzira Sustainable Architecture, Green Infrastructure, uye Climate-Adaptive Planning mhinduro dzinonyatsoenderana nevanhu vavanoshandira uye dzinosimudzira remangwana remaguta rakagadzikana uye rakaenzana¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶.

Sezvo nyika iri kunetsekana nekuwedzera kuri kuita shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, maguta akati wandei akabuda sevatungamiriri vepasi rose mukugadzirisa uye kugadzikana kwedhizaini yemadhorobha.¹⁷. Kuronga kwemadhorobha kwave chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira nekuita mhinduro dzinoenderana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzemaguta.¹⁷. Aya matanho matsva anopa zvidzidzo zvakakosha uye kurudziro kune mamwe maguta akatarisana nematambudziko akafanana.

Netherlands, nyika ine nyika yakakura pasi pegungwa, yakatarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwakakura kubva mukukwira kwegungwa nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.¹⁷. Amsterdam, guta guru, inofungidzirwa kuve nevanhu vanopfuura zviuru mazana manomwe (700,000) (97% yevagari) vakadzingwa ne2050 nekuda kwemafashama.¹⁷. Mukupindura, Netherlands yakatungamira zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, zvakaita seNational Climate Adaptation Strategy (NAS) neDelta Programme, iyo inotarisana nekuderedza mafashama, kutonga kwemvura nyowani, uye kuronga kusimba kwenzvimbo.¹⁷.

Singapore, ine mukurumbira nekushandurwa kwayo kuita guta rine svikiro, rakasvibira, inoshanda semuenzaniso wepasi rose wekuenderana nemamiriro ekunze emadhorobha. Zvirongwa zvekuronga zveguta-state zvakabudirira kubatanidza kusvibira kwemadhorobha uye maitiro ekutonga kwemvura yakadzikama kuti asimbise dziviriro yaro kubva mukukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze.¹⁷. Aya maitiro matsva, akadai se "sponge city" pfungwa yakaenzanisirwa neFish Tail Park muNanchang, China, inoratidza mukana wekugadzirwa kwemaguta kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.¹⁷.

Pamusoro pezvo, iyo Maldives Floating City, chirongwa chinoshuvira neDutch Docklands uye Waterstudio architect, ine chinangwa chekugara vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi maviri munzvimbo yakagadzikana, yakagadzikana yedhorobha kurwisa kukwira kwegungwa kunotyisidzira Maldives.¹⁷. Aya matanho akabudirira epasi rose anosimbisa kukosha kwekuronga kwehunyanzvi uye dhizaini inogadzirisa mamiriro ekunze mukuvaka maguta akatsiga emangwana.

Kuronga kwemadhorobha kunoshanda kwakakosha kuti maguta asimbise dziviriro yawo kubva mukukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze¹⁷. Matanho ekuronga ehurongwa, akadai seakaitwa muAmsterdam neSingapore, akakosha pakuita zvekudzikisira nekugadzirisa matanho anogona kuchengetedza nharaunda dzemumaguta uye kuve nechokwadi chenguva refu. kuchengetedza¹⁷.

“Kuronga zvakanaka kwemaguta kwakakosha kuti maguta asimbise dziviriro yawo kubva mukukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze. Matanho ehurongwa hwekuronga akakosha pakuita zvekudzikisira nekugadzirisa matanho anogona kuchengetedza nharaunda dzemumaguta nekuona kuti dzakareba. kuchengetedza. "

Sezvo maguta ari kutatarika nematambudziko ari kukonzeresa anounzwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, remangwana remadhorobha riri kunangamira kune zvitsva, zvigadziriso-zvakavakirwa mhinduro izvo zvinotungamira kusimudzira, kusimba, uye vanhu. hupenyu hwakanaka. Maviri akakosha ari kusimukira maitiro mune ino dura ndiko kusimuka kwe biophilic design nzira uye kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzinochinjika.

Biophilic dhizaini, yakadzika midzi muhukama hwehukama hwevanhu muzvarirwo, iri kuwana kudhonza sechishandiso chine simba mukuumba nharaunda yakavakirwa. Iyi nzira inobatanidza zvinhu zvechisikigo, zvakaita segirinhi, zvimiro zvemvura, uye zvinhu zvakasikwa, munzvimbo dzemumaguta, zvichigadzira symbiosis inowirirana pakati pechisikigo uye chakagadzirwa nevanhu.¹⁸. Pakazosvika 2050, vanhu vanosvika mamirioni masere vanokwanisa kutamira kumaguta gumi akaonekwa muchidzidzo ichi, nekusimba kwekutama kunosiyana zvichienderana kudziya kwepasi rose¹⁸. Biophilic dhizaini haingowedzere kukwezva kwemaguta asiwo inobatsira kune yavo kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze nekudzikamisa kupisa kwechitsuwa mhedzisiro, kuvandudza mhando yemhepo, uye kutsigira biodiversity¹⁸. Kutama kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze kunotarisirwa kukanganisa zvakanyanya maguta mu Global South kubudikidza 2050¹⁸.

Sezvo maguta akatarisana netyisidziro iri kukura yekukwira kwemvura yegungwa uye zviitiko zvinowanzoitika zvemamiriro ekunze, vagadziri vemumadhorobha vari kutsvaga mhinduro dzekugadzira nzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzinoenderana. Imwe pfungwa yakadai ndeyeMaldives Floating City, modular, guta rinoyangarara iro rinogona kuenderana nekuchinja-chinja kwemvura uye kupa nharaunda, yakaderera-kabhoni yekugara.¹⁹. Smart grid tekinoroji iri kushandiswa kugadzira inoshanda uye simba risingaperi zvirongwa, kubatsira maguta kushandisa simba zvakanyanya uye kuderedza carbon emissions¹⁹. Iyi nzira inogadzirika yekugadzirwa kwemaguta inoratidza mukana wekuti maguta aenderane nemaitiro echisikigo, achikurudzira kusimba uye kuderedza iwo ecological tsoka.

Aya maitiro ari kusimukira mukugadzirwa kwemadhorobha, kubva pakubatanidzwa kwebiophilic kuenda kune inochinja mamiriro, anoratidza shanduko yakadzama kuenda kune ramangwana uko. Sustainable Architecture, Yakaderera-Carbon Urbanism, uye Ecological Footprint Reduction hazvisi zvishuviro chete, asi zvinhu zvakakosha zvemaguta ari kubudirira, anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze.

"Ramangwana remadhorobha dhizaini riri mukugona kwayo kusanganisa nemasikirwo, kugadzira maguta asingagone kugadzikana chete nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, asiwo anovandudza uye akasimba."

¹⁸¹⁹

Nzira yekuenda kune remangwana redhorobha rinoda hurongwa hwakasiyana-siyana, nevagadziri vemaguta vachiita basa rakakosha²⁰. Nekugamuchira zvigadziriso, zvinogadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira maguta asingagone chete nekukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze asiwo anobudirira mukutarisana nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza. Uku kushevedzwa kwechiito kunosimbisa kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kwekufunga kwakashinga, kwechiono kunoisa pamberi kugarika, kusimba, uye kuenzana munharaunda.

Vagadziri vemadhorobha vanofanirwa kutungamira mukuronga nzira dzinogadzirisa kudzikisira nekuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze²⁰. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubatanidza zvivakwa zvakasvibirira, kusimudzira musanganiswa-kushandiswa kusimukira, uye kusimudzira kufamba uye kuwanikwa.²¹. Nekushandisa smart matekinoroji uye biophilic dhizaini misimboti, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira nharaunda dzemudhorobha dzine simba-rinoshanda, kabhoni-neutral, uye inotsigira vanhu. utano uye kugara zvakanaka²².

Sezvo matambudziko emamiriro ekunze ari kuramba achishanduka, vagadziri vemaguta vanofanirwa kuramba vari pamberi pekuvandudza²⁰. Kutsvaga kuenderera mberi, kuyedza, uye kugovana ruzivo kwakakosha pakugadzira mhinduro nyowani dzinoenderana nekuchinja kuri kuita maguta.²¹. Kudyidzana nevagadziri vemitemo, vane chekuita nenharaunda, uye zvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvichave zvakakosha mukukunda mari, hutongi, uye zvipingamupinyi zvetsika izvo zvinowanzotadzisa kuitwa kwezvirongwa zvekugadzira maguta.²¹.

Remangwana remadhorobha dhizaini riri mukugadzira maguta akatsiga, akasimba asingangomiri nekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze chete asiwo anosimudzira hupenyu hwevagari vese.²⁰. Nekugamuchira iyi kudanwa kuita uye kutyaira kuenderera mberi hunyanzvi, vagadziri vemaguta vanogona kuita basa rakakosha mukuvaka remangwana redhorobha rinogoneka, rakaenzana, uye rinokoshesa zvakatipoteredza.²⁰.

1. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kudzikisira, uye dhizaini yemadhorobha - https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2021/11/03/climate-adaptation-mitigation-and-urban-design
2. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuguta: mhedzisiro uye zvinokonzeresa mukutonga kwemadhorobha - https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/unpd_egm_200801_climate_change_and_urbanization_effects_and_implications_for_urban_governance_satterthwaite.pdf
3. Ongororo yebhuku: Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze uye Urban Environment Sustainability - Zvidzidzo zveMadhorobha - https://www.urbanstudiesonline.com/review/book-review-climate-change-and-urban-environment-sustainability/
4. Fifth National Climate Assessment, Chitsauko 12: Yakavakwa Nzvimbo, Urban Systems, uye Maguta - https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/12
5. Urban Dhizaini: Kugadzirisa Matambudziko neCreative Edge - Urban Dhizaini - https://nclurbandesign.org/urban-design-tackling-the-challenges-with-a-creative-edge/
6. Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze uye Madhizaini eUrban - https://urbandesignlab.in/climate-change-and-urban-design/?srsltid=AfmBOoqnKcsK5NgwvH_GSAipUE1luLwR8LpORMoH4L6vQKo2tonze9J3
7. Matambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze munyika ine maguta - https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2021/09/challenges-climate-change-urbanizing-world/
8. Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze uye Madhizaini eUrban - https://urbandesignlab.in/climate-change-and-urban-design/?srsltid=AfmBOopDl1dDitmZ_2arcZ06QRTVrm6xVl9B43hblMUJOq6QJ2fthnGS
9. Sustainable Urban Dhizaini: Misimboti | Vaia - https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/environmental-science/ecological-conservation/sustainable-urban-design/
10. Nzira Sere Maguta Ari Kuvaka Kugadzikana Kwemamiriro ekunze - https://www.iisd.org/articles/building-a-climate-resilient-city
11. Kudyidzana neResilient Cities Network paIntersection yeClimate, Hutano, uye Hutano Kuenzana - https://urban.yale.edu/projects/collaborating-resilient-cities-network-intersection-climate-health-and-health-equity
12. Kudyidzana pakati pemitemo yemadhorobha nemamiriro ekunze, nekusimbisa nharaunda - Guta, Territory uye Architecture - https://cityterritoryarchitecture.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40410-022-00165-2
13. Kana mukana uchinge wadzoka: kuongorora kushandiswa kwedzimwe nzira dzekutonga kwemamiriro ekunze mumaguta matatu makuru eUS - https://academic.oup.com/policyandsociety/article/40/1/116/6402156
14. Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze uye Madhizaini eUrban - https://urbandesignlab.in/climate-change-and-urban-design/?srsltid=AfmBOopFnnJaSQuTP6R5RY0ZLt_yVmtJq3C7el1GvNHdn2iQOlitVpnB
15. Basa reKubatanidzwa Kwenharaunda muSustainable Urban Development - Impakter - https://impakter.com/the-role-of-community-engagement-in-sustainable-urban-development/
16. Nharaunda Engagement Maitiro Akanakisisa Emamiriro ekunze Equity | Dream.Org - https://dream.org/news-articles/community-engagement-best-practices/
17. Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze uye Madhizaini eUrban - https://urbandesignlab.in/climate-change-and-urban-design/?srsltid=AfmBOoo6GQL5zCSGnRs4O_ROSLPfcbG7pqJjt6fpfwxlhrE0Usp277xn
18. Ramangwana Urban Landscapes: Climate Migration Projections mumaguta - Mayors Migration Council - https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/news/future-urban-landscapes-report/
19. Ramangwana Remadhorobha Dhizaini: Mafambiro Uye Zvinetso - https://urbandesignlab.in/the-future-of-urban-design-trends-and-challenges/?srsltid=AfmBOopNg2Efgo6UrMeWa2ZITEmq7SL_S1pWLf8SsjZF9CvfTEt9Ou96
20. Kuvandudzwa kwemaguta - a remangwana rakasimba - https://toposmagazine.com/sustainable-urban-development/
21. Ramangwana reUrban Planning mu Ositireriya Pakatarisana Nekushanduka Kwemamiriro ekunze - https://fareast.net.au/future-of-urban-planning-in-australia-in-the-face-of-climate-change-and-population-growth/
22. Remangwana rekugara kugara mudhorobha | PVcase - https://pvcase.com/blog/what-urban-living-of-the-future-might-look-like/