Israel Green Kuvaka Nhoroondo
Chokwadi data: Israel yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya maitiro ekuvaka egirini nekufamba kwemakore. Muna 2005, nyika yakaunza kuzvipira kwayo Green Building Standard, IS-5281, iyo yakanga yakavakirwa pana a point rating system. Iyi chiyero yakatanga kufukidzwa imba itsva yekugara nehofisi zvivakwa, asi a yakadzokororwa shanduro aiva akabvumidzwa muna 2011, nerubatsiro rweBritish hofisi kuti akanyora BREAM. Iyo yakadzokororwa mwero waisanganisira zvivakwa zvitsva uye zvivakwa pasi kugadziridza kwakakosha.
Mumakore achangopfuura, vaIsraeri Girinhi Kuvaka Standard yakaitwa pamwero mukuru, ine yakakosha wedzera muhuwandu hwe zvirongwa zvekuvaka kuva akabvumidzwa maererano ne green building standards. Muna 2019, mana kubva gumi zvirongwa zvekuvaka, inomiririra dzimba 70,000 XNUMX, dzaive akabvumidzwa kana vachinge vasangana chivakwa chakasvibirira Mitemo. Izvi zvakakosha wedzera zvichienzaniswa ne2018 apo chete 26% ye zvirongwa zvekuvaka zvakabvumidzwa zvichibva pa green building standards.
The Israel Standard for Green Building, No. 5281, inovhara marudzi akasiyana-siyana e zvivakwa, kusanganisira pekugara, hofisi, nezveutano, ruzhinji rwevanhu, rokutengesa, dzidzo, uye ushanyi zvivakwa. Inotarisa panzvimbo dzakadai se simba, munda, mvura, zvekuvakisa, utano uye kugara zvakanaka kwevashandisi vekuvaka, dongo, kutakura, kutungamira nzvimbo yekuvaka, uye utsanzi. Chivakwa chinoonekwa se'girinhi' kana chikasangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma pachikamu chega chega uye mamwe magadzirirwo ekuderedza tsoka yezvakatipoteredza. Chiyero chine mazinga mashanu, kubva pane imwe nyeredzi kusvika kune shanu nyeredzi.
The kushanda yegreen building Mitemo yanga ichityairwa nechikwata chinonzi the Forum ye15, iyo inomiririra 15 guru maguta muIsrael uye yakavambwa muna 2013. Boka iri rakaita basa guru mukusimudzira kuvaka kwegirinhi Mitemo uye kuwedzera kwavo kutora in zvirongwa zvekuvaka.
Israeri yaziva kukosha of kushanda nesimba muzvivako uye yaita zvakasiyana-siyana Mitemo uye mitemo kugadzirisa nyaya iyi. Izvi zvinosanganisira zviyero pa kupisa insulation, air conditioning, kunonoka, uye hwindo retifiketi. Nyika yakapfuurawo mitemo to regulate kugovera simba, kunwa, uye zvitubu. Chinangwa chezviyero izvi ndecheku Kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba nekusimudzira miitiro yakadzikama mu kuvaka uye kushanda kwezvivakwa.
Zvitsva Zvitsva:
- Israel yakaunza yekuzvidira Green Building Standard, IS-5281, mu 2005.
- The yakadzokororwa shanduro yechiyero, yakabvumidzwa muna 2011, inosanganisirwa zvivakwa zvitsva uye zvivakwa pasi kugadziridza kwakakosha.
- Muna 2019, mana kubva gumi mapurani ekuvaka muIsrael akatenderwa zvichibva pane zvakasvibirira zvivakwa zvekuvaka.
- Iyo Israel Standard yeGreen Kuvaka inovhara akasiyana marudzi ezvivakwa uye inotarisa pa simba, munda, mvura, uye zvimwe zvinogoneka.
- The Forum ye15, vanomiririra 15 maguta makuru muIsrael, yakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira zviyero zvekuvaka zvakasvibirira.
- Israeri yakazviita kushanda nesimba zviyero uye mitemo to kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba muzvivako.
Kutanga kweGreen Building Standards
Rwendo rwekuvakwa kwegirinhi muIsrael rwakatanga muna 2005 nekuunzwa kweGreen Building Standard, yekuzvidira. IS-5281. Chiyero ichi, icho chaive chakavakirwa pana a point rating system, pakutanga yakavharwa zvivakwa zvitsva zvekugara nemahofisi. Zvisinei, muna 2011, a yakadzokororwa shanduro yechiyero chakabvumidzwa nerubatsiro rweBritish hofisi kuti akanyora BREAM. Iyi vhezheni yakadzokororwa yakawedzera mwero wechiyero kuti ubatanidze zvivakwa zvitsva uye zvivakwa zviri kuitika kugadziridza kwakakosha.
Kuitwa kwezviyero zvekuvaka zvakasvibirira chave chiitiko chakakosha mukuzvipira kweIsrael kune kuchengetedza. Aya mazinga anopa nhungamiro nemaitiro izvo Developers uye vavaki vanofanira kusangana kuti vave nechokwadi chekusimudzira uye eco-hushamwari kuvaka maitiro. Nokunamatira maitiro ekuvaka egirini, Vagadziri vanogona kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza yemapurojekiti avo, kurudzira kushanda nesimba, uye kushandisa renewable zvinhu.
Iyo Israel Green Building Standard, IS-5281, yakaita basa rakakosha mukuumba nyika green building movement. Inopa nhungamiro dzakajeka mumapoka akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira simba, munda, mvura, zvekuvakisa, hutano, uye kugara zvakanaka kwevashandisi vekuvaka, dongo vatungamiri, kutakura, kutungamira nzvimbo yekuvaka, uye utsanzi.
Chiyero chinoisa zvivakwa muzvikamu zvishanu, zvichibva pakutevedzera kwavo mirairo. Chivako chinoonekwa se'girinhi' kana chikazadzisa zvidiki zvinodiwa pachikamu chega chega uye chichizadzisa mamwe mamiriro ekuderedza kutsika kwezvakatipoteredza. Iyi nzira yakazara inovimbisa kuti zvinhu zvose zvekuchengetedza zvinogadziriswa, kubva pakusimba kwesimba kusvika dongo manejimendi nezvimwe.
Basa reBREAM
Munguva yekudzokorora maitiro eIsrael Green Building Standard, hofisi yeBritish yakanyora BREAM akaita basa guru. BREEAM, inomirira Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, inozivikanwa zvikuru uye inoremekedzwa. green building certification chirongwa. Hunyanzvi hwayo uye ruzivo mukusimudzira dhizaini inogadzikana uye kuvaka maitiro akabatsira mukuumba vhezheni yakadzokororwa yeIsrael Standard, ichiita kuti ive yakawanda uye izere.
Kudyidzana pakati peIsrael neBREEAM kunosimbisa kudyidzana muzvarirwo zvepasi rose green building movement. Nekusimudzira ruzivo uye maitiro akanaka kubva kunyika dzakasiyana nemasangano, Israel yakakwanisa kugadzira hwaro hwakasimba uye hunoshanda maitiro ekuvaka anoenderera.
| Mabhenefiti eGreen Building Standards |
|---|
| Inoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza |
| Inokurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba |
| Unoshandisa renewable zvinhu |
| Inovandudza indoor air quality |
| Inovandudza hutano hwevanogara uye kugara zvakanaka |
Kuwedzera Kuitwa kweGreen Building Standards
Kuitwa kwezvakasvibirira zvivakwa zvekuvaka muIsrael kwave kuwedzera, nekuwanda wedzera muhuwandu hwezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvakatenderwa zvichibva pamaitiro ekuchengetedza. Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nekukwira kukuru kwehuwandu hwezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvinosangana negirinhi zvivakwa zvekuvaka, zvichiratidza kuzvipira kuri kukura kune mutoro kwezvakatipoteredza uye inoenderera. kuvaka miitiro.
Muna 2019, ingangoita makumi mana muzana ezvirongwa zvekuvaka muIsrael, zvinomiririra zviuru makumi manomwe zvedzimba, zvakabvumidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti vanosangana nemiyero yekuvaka yakasvibira. Izvi zvinoratidza kuwedzera kukuru kana zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, apo chete 40% yezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvakasangana nemaitiro ekusimudzira. Kukwira kwezvirongwa zvakatenderwa kunoratidza kukosha kuri kuwedzera kwakaiswa pairi eco-hushamwari kuvaka uye chishuwo chekudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvitsva zvitsva.
IIsrael Green Building Standard, No. 5281, yakaita basa rinokosha mukufambisa kutora of maitiro ekuvaka egirini. Chiyero chinovhara marudzi akasiyana ezvivakwa, kusanganisira pekugara, hofisi, nezveutano, ruzhinji rwevanhu, rokutengesa, dzidzo, uye ushanyi. Inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakakosha senge simba, ivhu, mvura, zvekuvakisa, hutano, kutambisa marara, kutakura, uye utsanzi. Nekuzadzisa zvidiki zvinodiwa pachikamu chega chega uye mamwe magadzirirwo, zvivakwa zvinogona kuwana 'girinhi' chimiro, zvichipa kuti ive yakasimba. inovakwa nharaunda.
Kuitwa kwezvakasvibirira zvekuvaka zviyero muIsrael zvakafambiswa ne Forum ye15, boka rinomiririra 15 maguta makuru munyika. Yakavambwa muna 2013, boka iri rine simba rakabatsira mukusimudzira nekutsigira. maitiro ekuvaka egirini. Kuburikidza nekuedza kwavo, the kutora yezviyero zvekuvaka zvakasvibirira zvawedzera kupararira, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwenhamba yezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvinogara zvichitenderwa.
Tafura: Kuwedzera kweNhamba Yezvirongwa Zvekuvaka Zvakatenderwa zvichibva paGreen Building Standards
| Gore | Chikamu Chezvirongwa Zvakatenderwa (Green Building Standards) |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 26% |
| 2019 | 40% |
The Israel Standard for Green Building (No. 5281)
The Israel Standard for Green Building, Nha. Iyi chiyero inovhara marudzi akasiyana ezvivakwa, kusanganisira pekugara, hofisi, nezveutano, ruzhinji rwevanhu, rokutengesa, dzidzo, uye ushanyi zvivakwa. Inoisa nhungamiro uye zvinodiwa kuti uwane chimiro chegirinhi muzvivakwa izvi, ichitarisa munzvimbo dzakaita sesimba, ivhu, mvura, zvekuvaka, hutano nekugara zvakanaka kwevashandisi vekuvaka, marara, kutakura, kutungamira nzvimbo yekuvaka, uye innovation.
Kuzadzisa zvinotarisirwa, chivakwa chinofanirwa kuzadzisa zvidiki zvinodiwa pachikamu chega chega uye mamwe magadzirirwo ekudzikisa nharaunda yacho. Iyo chiyero ine mazinga mashanu, kubva kune imwe nyeredzi kusvika kune shanu nyeredzi, inomiririra kuwedzera kwemazinga ekusimudzira uye kuita kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nekubatanidza iyo YeIsrael Standard yeGreen Kuvaka mumapurojekiti avo, vavaki nevagadziri vanogona kubatsira kune zvibodzwa zvekusimudzira zvenyika. Iyi chiyero inokurudzira kushandiswa kwe renewable zvinhu, zviyero zvekushandisa simba, uye zvitsva patani mhinduro dzekugadzira zvivakwa zvine kuderera kwekuita pa mhepo mvura nenzvimbo apo ichipa nzvimbo dzine hutano uye dzakagadzikana kune vanogara.
Kuita iyo Israel Standard yeGreen Kuvaka hakungobatsiri nharaunda chete asiwo kune varidzi vezvivakwa uye vanogara. Green zvivakwa zvakaratidzwa kuva nemari shoma yesimba, yakavandudzwa air quality, uye kuwedzera kugutsikana kwevagari. Uyezve, zvivako izvi zvinowanzokodzera green certification, senge LEED kana BREEAM, iyo inogona kusimudzira kushambadzira kwavo uye kukwezva varoja vanongwarira zvakatipoteredza uye vanoisa mari.
| Mabhenefiti ekuita iyo Israel Standard yeGreen Kuvaka: |
|---|
| Kuderedza simba kunwa |
| Mari yekushandisa yakaderera |
| Kuvandudzwa kwemweya wemukati |
| Kuwedzera kushambadzira uye kukosha |
| Mhedzisiro yakanaka pahutano hwevanogara uye kugara zvakanaka |
Pakazara, iyo Israel Standard yeGreen Building (No. 5281) inoshanda segwara rinotungamira dhizaini inogadzikana uye maitiro ekuvaka muIsrael. Nekutevedzera maitiro uye misimboti yakatsanangurwa muchiyero ichi, nyika inoramba ichifambira mberi zvakanyanya kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yakavakirwa ine hushamwari uye inochengetedza simba.
Iyo Forum ye15 uye Basa rayo
Iyo Foramu yegumi neshanu, inosanganisira maguta makuru muIsrael, yanga iri simba rekufambisa mukusimudzira uye kutora zviyero zvekuvaka zvakasvibirira munyika yose. Boka iri, rakavambwa muna 15, rakaita basa rakakosha mukukurudzira miitiro yakadzikama muzvirongwa zvekuvaka uye akaita mipiro yakakosha kune green building movement.
Nekubatana uye kugovera maitiro akanakisa, iyo Forum yegumi neshanu yakabatsira mukusimudzira ruzivo nezve mabhenefiti egirinhi ekuvaka zviyero. Kuburikidza nekuedza kwavo pamwe chete, vakabudirira mukuwedzera kutorwa kwemazinga muzvirongwa zvekuvaka, zvichitungamira kune yakagadzikana uye inoziva nharaunda yakavakirwa nharaunda.
Iyo Forum yegumi neshanu yanga ichibatanidzwa mukusimudzira maitiro ekuvaka egirinhi pakati pevagadziri, vagadziri vezvivakwa, uye vanogadzira mitemo. Kuzvipira kwavo kusimba kwakakonzera kubvumidzwa kwenhamba yakakosha yezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvinosangana neyakasvibira kuvaka zviyero. Muchokwadi, muna 15, mana pagumi ega ega mapurani ekuvaka, anomiririra zviuru makumi manomwe edzimba, akatenderwa zvichienderana neyakasvibira kuvaka zviyero.
Uku kuwedzera kugamuchirwa kwezvivakwa zvakasvibirira zvimiro chiratidzo chekubudirira kweForamu yezvirongwa zve15 uye kukura kucherechedzwa kwekukosha kwe. miitiro yakadzikama mu indasitiri yekuvaka. Kuedza kwavo hakuna kungovandudza kushanda kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvivakwa asiwo kwakasimbisa hutano nekugara zvakanaka kwevagari vazvo.
Energy Efficiency Regulations uye Mitemo
Ichiziva kukosha kwesimba rekushandisa simba, Israeri yakagadzirisa huwandu hwe mitemo uye zviyero zvine chinangwa chekusimudzira maitiro akasimba mukuvaka kuvaka uye operation. Aya matanho anotarisa pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimba kunwa uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvivakwa zvinoteera kune yakatarwa nhungamiro yekudzikisa zvadzo kabhoni tsoka.
Thermal kuputira inoita basa rakakosha mukudzikisira kuparara kwesimba nekuvandudza simba rese rezvivakwa. Israel yakagadza mipimo yakasimba ye kupisa kwemafuta zvinhu uye maitiro ekuisa. Nekunyatsodzivirira zvivakwa, kupisa kupisa kunoderedzwa, kuderedza kudiwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya kana kunonoka, uye zvichizoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.
"Kuvharisa kwemhando yepamusoro kunobatsira kuchengetedza tembiricha yemukati megore rose uye kuderedza kudiwa kwekuramba kuchipisa kana kutonhora, nekudaro kuchengetedza simba," anotsanangura Dr. Sarah Greenberg, an nyanzvi in kuenderera kwekuvaka.
Mitemo yeIsrael inobatawo air conditioning uye kunonoka masisitimu, ayo akakosha emagetsi evatengi muzvivakwa. Mitemo iyi inovimbisa kuti masisitimu aya anoshanda nesimba, achishandisa matekinoroji epamusoro kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uku uchichengetedza mamiriro emukati memba.
Nyika inosimbisawo kukosha kwe hwindo retifiketi kuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba. Windows chinhu chakakosha mukuwana nekurasikirwa kwekupisa, zvichikanganisa kushanda kwesimba rechivakwa. Nekushandisa mahwindo ane certified anosangana nemaitiro ekushandisa simba, Israel ine chinangwa chekudzikisira kutamisa kupisa uye kunatsiridza insulation, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekushandiswa kwesimba.
Kuwedzera kune iyi chaiyo mirau, Israeri yaita mitemo nemitemo yekutonga kugovera simba, kushandiswa, uye zvitubu. Aya matanho ane chinangwa chekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rose uye kukurudzira maitiro akasimba mukuvaka nekushanda kwezvivakwa. Nekukurudzira kushandiswa kwe Renewable energy zvitubu, zvakaita se solar power, uye nekusimbisa maitiro ekushandisa simba, Israel iri kutora matanho akakosha kune yakasvibira uye nezvimwe remangwana rakasimba.
| Matanho Ekuita Nesimba | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Thermal insulation standards | Inoderedza kupera kwesimba, inoderedza kudziyisa uye kutonhora zvinodiwa |
| Simba-rinoshanda air conditioning uye kutonhora masisitimu | Inodzikisira mashandisirwo esimba uchichengetedza mamiriro emukati memba |
| Window chitupa | Inovandudza kushanda kwesimba kuburikidza nekuderedza kupisa kutengesa |
| Mitemo uye mitemo pamusoro kugovera simba, kushandiswa, uye masosi | Inokurudzira maitiro akasimba uye kushandiswa kwesimba rinodzorerwa |
mhedziso
Rwendo rwekuvaka kwegirinhi rweIsrael rwakapupurira kufambira mberi kunoshamisa, nekutarisa kutsigira akitekicha, kuvandudzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kutorwa kwe eco-hushamwari kuvaka maitiro. Nyika yakaunza yayo yekuzvidira Green Building Standard, IS-5281, muna 2005, iyo yakateya hwaro hwemaitiro egirinhi ekuvaka. Kubva pane a point rating system, iyi mwero yakatanga kufukidzwa zvivakwa zvitsva zvekugara nemahofisi. Iyo yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yechiyero yakazobvumidzwa muna 2011, nerubatsiro rwehofisi yeBritish yakanyora BREAM, ichiwedzera huwandu hwayo kuti ibatanidze zvivakwa zvitsva uye kugadziridza kwakakosha.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kuisirwa kwegirinhi zvivakwa zvekuvaka muIsrael kwakawedzera simba. Huwandu hwezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvakabvumidzwa zvichibva pazviyero izvi zvakaona kuwedzera kukuru, ne2019 ichirekodha mvumo yezvirongwa zvina kubva kune gumi zvekuvaka, zvinomiririra anenge 70,000 edzimba dzemayuniti, pamamiriro ekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuvaka zvakasvibirira. Kuwedzera uku kunoratidza kukura kwakakura kana kuchienzaniswa ne2018 apo chete 26% yezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvakateera kune yakasvibira kuvaka zviyero.
Mutemo weIsrael weGreen Building, Nhamba 5281, unosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvivakwa, zvakadai sekugara, hofisi, hutano hwehutano, hurumende, mabhizimisi, dzidzo, uye nzvimbo dzekushanyirwa. Inotarisa nzvimbo dzakakosha dzinobatsira kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo, kusanganisira simba, ivhu, mvura, zvokuvakisa, hutano nekugara zvakanaka kwevashandisi vekuvaka, marara, chekufambisa, kutungamira nzvimbo yekuvaka, uye hunyanzvi. Kuti uwane chimiro 'chegirini', chivakwa chinofanira kuzadzisa zvidiki zvinodikanwa pachikamu chega chega, pamwe nemamwe magadzirirwo ekuderedza kukanganisa kwacho. Chiyero chinoiswa muzvikamu zvishanu, kubva kune imwe nyeredzi kusvika kune nyeredzi shanu, kusiyanisa dhigirii rekusimudzira rakaitwa.
The Forum of 15, yakagadzwa muna 2013, yakaita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kutorwa uye ushambadzi yezviyero zvekuvaka zvakasvibira muIsrael. Iri boka rine simba rinomiririra maguta makuru e15 munyika uye rakabatsira mukuwedzera kuziva uye kuita maitiro anogara aripo. zvirongwa zvekuvaka.
Israeri yakaziva zvakare kukosha yekushanda kwesimba muzvivako uye yakashandisa mitemo yakasiyana-siyana nemirairo yekugadzirisa nyaya iyi. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinongedzo pane thermal insulation, air conditioning, kutonhora, uye window certification. Pamusoro pezvo, nyika yakadzika mitemo yekudzora kugoverwa kwemagetsi, mashandisirwo, uye masosi. Chinangwa chikuru chematanho aya ndecheku kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kusimudzira maitiro akasimba mukati mekuvaka nekushanda kwezvivakwa.
Kuzvipira kweIsrael kumaitiro ekuvaka egirinhi kunooneka kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwayo, sezvinoratidzwa mukuwedzera kwenhamba yezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvinotenderwa zvichibva pazvivakwa zvegirinhi. Kuzvipira kwenyika kune simba rekushandisa simba uye kusimba munzvimbo dzakavakwa kunosimbisa chiono chayo cheramangwana rakasvibira uye rakasimba.
FAQ
Ndeipi nhoroondo yekuvakwa kwegirinhi muIsrael?
Maitiro ekuvaka egirini muIsrael akafambira mberi zvakanyanya mumakore. Nyika yakaunza yayo yekuzvidira Green Building Standard, IS-5281, muna 2005, iyo yaive yakavakirwa padanho reti. Iyi chiyero pakutanga yakavhara zvivakwa zvitsva zvekugara uye zvehofisi, asi shanduro yakadzokororwa yakabvumidzwa muna 2011, nerubatsiro rwehofisi yeBritish yakanyora BREEAM. Muyero wakadzokororwa waisanganisira zvivakwa zvitsva nezvivakwa zviri pasi pekugadziridzwa kukuru.
Kuitwa kwezvivakwa zvakasvibira kwakawedzera sei muIsrael?
Mumakore achangopfuura, kuitwa kweyakasvibira kuvaka zviyero muIsrael kwakaona kukura kwakanyanya. Muna 2019, mana kubva pagumi zvirongwa zvekuvaka, zvinomiririra 70,000 dzimba dzedzimba, dzakabvumidzwa paine chitsidzo chekuti dzinosangana neyakasvibira zvivakwa. Uku kuwedzera kukuru kana zvichienzaniswa ne2018 apo chete 26% yezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvakatenderwa zvichibva pane zvakasvibirira zvekuvaka.
Chii chinonzi Israel Standard for Green Building (No. 5281) chinovhara?
The Israel Standard for Green Building, No. 5281, inovhara marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvivakwa, kusanganisira zvekugara, hofisi, hutano hwehutano, hurumende, mabhizimisi, dzidzo, uye zvivakwa zvekushanyirwa. Inotarisa munzvimbo dzakaita sesimba, ivhu, mvura, zvekuvakisa, hutano uye magariro evashandisi vekuvaka, marara, chekufambisa, manejimendi enzvimbo yekuvaka, uye hunyanzvi. Chivakwa chinoonekwa se'girinhi' kana chikazadzisa zvidiki zvinodiwa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe uye mamwe magadzirirwo ekuderedza tsoka yezvakatipoteredza. Chiyero chine mazinga mashanu, kubva pane imwe nyeredzi kusvika kune shanu nyeredzi.
Ibasa rei rinoitwa neForamu yegumi neshanu mukusimudzira zvivakwa zvakasvibira muIsrael?
The Forum of 15, boka rinomiririra maguta makuru gumi nemashanu muIsrael, yakaita basa guru mukusimudzira mitemo yekuvaka yakasvibirira uye kuwedzera kugamuchirwa kwavo muIsrael. zvirongwa zvekuvaka. Iri boka rave richibatsira mukufambisa maitiro akasimba uye kusimudzira ruzivo pamusoro pekukosha kwekuvakwa kwegirinhi munyika.
Ndeapi mirairo yesimba rekushandisa uye zviyero zvinoiswa muIsrael?
Israel yakaita mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yekushandisa simba uye zviyero kugadzirisa kukosha kwesimba rekushandisa muzvivakwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zviyero zvekudzivirira kwemafuta, mhepo inotonhorera, kutonhora, uye chitupa chehwindo. Nyika yakadzikawo mitemo yekudzora kugoverwa kwemagetsi, mashandisirwo, uye masosi. Aya matanho ane chinangwa chekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kukurudzira maitiro anogara aripo mukuvaka nekushanda kwezvivakwa.
