Kufungazve Nzvimbo Dzevanhu: Dhizaini Yemadhorobha Yevanhu, Kwete Mota

Nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzakagara dzichiisa pamberi mota, kuumba maguta nenzira dzaiwanzofuratira zvinodiwa nevanofamba netsoka. Zvisinei, kuronga guta iye zvino ari kutendeukira kuchiono chinoisa vanhu pakati pe urban design. Iyi nzira ine chinangwa chekusimudzira hupenyu, kusimudzira kuchengetedza, uye kukurudzira kudyidzana kukuru munharaunda. Pfungwa iyi inotungamira kufamba, kuchovha bhasikoro, uye zvifambiso zveruzhinji pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemotokari yega, kuderedza kuzara kwemotokari uye kusvibiswa uku tichikurudzira mararamiro ane hutano¹. Nekubatanidza nzvimbo dzakasvibirira, nzira dzakachengeteka dzevanofamba netsoka, uye zvifambiso zvinosvikika zvevoruzhinji, iyi nzira inorerekera vanhu inogadzira dhorobha rakasimba. mhepo mvura nenzvimbo zvinobatsira nharaunda yese.

• Maguta ari kugadzira patsva nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kuti vakoshese vanofamba netsoka uye vanochovha mabhasikoro pamusoro pekushandisa motokari dzakazvimirira.
• Kusandura nzvimbo dzemumaguta kuti dzive vanhu vakawanda-centric kunogona kusimudzira kudyidzana kwenharaunda uye hupenyu hwehupenyu.
• pakusanganisirawo girinhi nzvimbo uye sarudzo dzakasimba dzekufambisa dzinobatsira kune hutano, nharaunda inogarika.
• Nzira dzakaita semachaji ekumanikidzana uye zvirongwa zvekugovanisa mota zvinodzikisira kuyerera kwemotokari yakazvimirira mumaguta¹.
• Kusanganisira maguta patani inoita kuti vanhu vese vawanike, kusanganisira vanoshandisa mawiricheya nevakweguru.

Urban design chirango chakawanda chinosanganisa maitiro e akitekicha, kuronga, uye dhizaini yekuvaka kugadzira inorarama, inogoneka, uye inosanganisirwa maguta nenharaunda.². Chinhu chakakosha che kuronga maguta iyo inoenda kupfuura echinyakare nharaunda dzemudhorobha, ine maturusi ekugadzira emumadhorobha ari kushandiswa zvinobudirira munzvimbo dzemudhorobha uye dzekumaruwa zvakare.².

Pakati payo, dhizaini yemadhorobha ndeye maonere anoita vanhu nekushandisa zvakavakomberedza, vachitarisa chitarisiko, kunzwa, uye kugara kwenharaunda.². Zvinosanganisira nzira yakajeka, yeruzhinji yekuita sarudzo inobvumira kuita zvine mutsindo neruzhinji uye kutora chikamu, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mamiriro emunharaunda uye zvakakura zvedunhu zvinotariswa.². Dhizaini yemadhorobha inobatanidza maitiro akasiyana, sekufambisa, kushandiswa kwevhu, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye dzimba, kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuronga madhorobha².

Mapurojekiti akabudirira ekugadzira madhorobha anotungamira zvinodiwa uye zviitiko zvevanhu, achigadzira nzvimbo dzinofambika, dzinowanikwa, uye dzinobatsira munharaunda kubatanidzwa nekudyidzana kwevanhu². Vagadziri vemadhorobha vanofanirwa kunzwisisa maonero evanhu, hunhu hwetsika, zvehupfumi, uye zviitiko zvinoshanda zvine chekuita nenharaunda yemuviri kugadzira mhinduro dzinoshanda.². Nekuisa vanhu pamberi pemotokari, dhizaini yemadhorobha inogona kushandura maguta kuita nzvimbo dzinonakidza uye dzakasimba dzevagari nevashanyi zvakafanana.

Vagadziri vemaguta vanogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kubva munzvimbo dzekugara kusvika kumaindasitiri estates, zviteshi zvechitima, nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, vachitarisa kugadzira vanhu pachiyero chevanhu.³. Kuita mugadziri wemadhorobha kutanga mukugadzira kana kuvandudza maitiro kunogona kuchengetedza nguva nemari gare gare, kugutsa vazhinji vanobatana nekugadzirisa nyaya dzakakosha dzekugadzira uye kuona kuti maonero enharaunda anonzwisiswa.³.

Dhizaini yakanaka yemadhorobha yakawanikwa ichiwedzera kukosha kwehupfumi kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakaita sekudzoka kwakanyanya pakudyara, kuita kuti nzvimbo dzitaridzike, kupindura kudiwa kwevagari, kudzikisira mitengo, kubatsira kuvashandi vanogadzira, kutsigira. musanganiswa-wekushandisa zviitiko, uye kusimudza mukurumbira wenzvimbo³.

Dhizaini yemadhorobha muhurumende yenzvimbo inosanganisira madhizaini emadhorobha anoshanda pamwe chete mumadhipatimendi kuti vanzwisise zvimhingamipinyi nezvido zvenzvimbo, kusanganisira vane chekuita nezviitiko uye kushandisa magwaro emitemo kutsigira manejimendi ebudiriro.³. Iyo 2020 Kuronga White Pepa Kuronga Kweramangwana rinoratidza kuti hunyanzvi hwekugadzira maguta uye hunyanzvi huchave hwepakati mukuumba Zvirongwa zveNzvimbo zvitsva nekusimbisa kukuru pakugadzira nzvimbo zvine hungwaru uye nekushandisa dhizaini makodhi kutsanangura zvinotenderwa mukusimudzira.³.

Nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuvaka hukama hwenharaunda nekusimudzira hupenyu hwemumadhorobha. Idzi nzvimbo dzakagovaniswa, kubva kumapaki nemaplaza kusvika kumigwagwa yevanofamba netsoka nenzvimbo dzenharaunda, dzinopa mikana yekushamwaridzana, zviitiko zvetsika, uye nhandaro.⁴. Nekukoshesa kusika nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka, maguta anogona kukurudzira pfungwa huru yenharaunda uye kuve pakati pevagari vawo.

Nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzekuunganira dzemapoka akasiyana-siyana evanhu, kufambisa kudyidzana kwevanhu uye kukurudzira pfungwa yenharaunda.⁴. Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2002 nePPS (Project for Public Spaces) yakawana kuti 60% yevatengesi vemusika vakashanyira zvitoro zviri pedyo pazuva rimwe chete, ne60% yeavo vaiti vakangoshanyira zvimwe zvitoro pamazuva emusika.⁴. Saizvozvo, mhemberero nezviitiko zvinoitirwa munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, senge mazana ezviuru anopinda zviitiko paPlace des Arts Esplanade muMontreal gore rega rega.⁴, kuunza vanhu pamwe chete uye kugadzira mikana yezviitiko zvakagoverana uye chivakwa chenharaunda.

Nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka dzeveruzhinji dzinogonawo kubatsira kuhupenyu hwese hwevagari. The Vancouver Seawall, semuenzaniso, inopa vagari nevashanyi nzira inoyevedza yekufamba, kuchovha bhasikoro, uye kumhanya, kuvandudza muviri uye Hutano hwepfungwa⁴. Saizvozvovo, Vondel Park muAmsterdam inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kufambisa basa remuviri, kuzorora mupfungwa, uye kushamwaridzana, kusimudzira hupenyu uye. hupenyu hwakanaka yevashandisi vayo⁴. Uyezve, mapaki, maplaza, uye nzvimbo dzemvura dzakanyatsogadziriswa zvinogona kuwedzera kukosha kwezvivakwa uye kukwezva mari, zvichitungamira kumarendi akakwira uye mitengo yezvivakwa inobatsira muhupfumi hweguta. utano⁴.

Nokuisa pokutanga Public Realm Kuvandudza uye kuita zvinobudirira Maitiro ekugadzira nzvimbo, varongi vemaguta nevagadziri vemitemo vanogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzine simba, dzinosanganisira, uye dzakagadzikana dzinowedzera hukama hwenharaunda nekuvandudza hupenyu hwese hwevagari vese.

“Nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji mwoyo nemweya wenharaunda dzedu, uko vanhu vanoungana kuti vabatane, vabatane, uye vabudirire. Nekukoshesa dhizaini nekugadzirisa kwavo, tinokwanisa kugadzira nharaunda dzemumaguta dzakasimba, dzinosanganisira, uye dzakasimba dzinosimudzira hupenyu hwevose. "

Sustainable mobility solutions mudhizaini yemadhorobha inotungamira zvinodiwa nevanofamba netsoka nevatyairi vemabhasikoro, kugadzira nzvimbo dzakachengeteka uye dzinosvikika dzeveruzhinji dzinokurudzira kufambisa kwekufambisa. Nekugadzira nzira dzekufamba uye cycle-hushamwari kwezvivako, maguta anogona kuderedza kuwandisa kwemotokari, kuvandudza air quality, uye kukurudzira nharaunda dzakasimba uye dzakabatana⁶.

Kugadzira nzira dzekufamba dzakachengeteka uye dzinosvikika chinhu chakakosha pakuronga kwemaguta. Izvi zvinosanganisira matanho akadai sekuwedzera nzira dzemumativi, kuvandudza nzira dzemabhazi, uye kushandisa nzira dzevanofamba netsoka.⁶. Kupindira uku kunoisa pamberi zvinodiwa nevanofamba netsoka, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore uye zvakachengeteka kuti vanhu vafambe muguta netsoka.

Kuchovha bhasikoro kunopa akawanda mabhenefiti, anosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwehutano, kuderedzwa kwehutsi, uye kuwedzera kushamwaridzana.⁷ Maguta akaita seSeville neCopenhagen atambira nzira iyi, achigovera chikamu chakakosha chenzvimbo yavo yemugwagwa kune vanochovha mabhasikoro nevanofamba netsoka.⁷. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kubvumidzwa neveruzhinji, neSeville ichiwana 90% mvumo yezvivakwa zvayo zvebhasikoro.⁷.

Kusiyana, maguta akafanana Barcelona uye Copenhagen vachiri kugovera ruzhinji rwenzvimbo yavo yemumugwagwa kumotokari, zvisinei nemitengo yakaderera yekushandisa mota⁷. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pane mukana wakakura wekushandisazve zvivakwa zviripo kuti zvishandire zvirinani zvinodiwa nevanofamba netsoka nevatyairi vemabhasikoro, zvichizogadzira nzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzakasimba uye dzinogarika.

"Kuchovha bhasikoro nekufamba kunogona kuve nehutano hwakakosha, zvakatipoteredza, uye kuchengetedza mabhenefiti emaguta."⁷

Sustainable mobility solutions izvo zvinokoshesa vanofamba netsoka nevatyairi vemabhasikoro hazvingoderedzi kutsvikinyidzana kwemotokari uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo chete asiwo zvinosimudzira mararamiro ane hutano uye hupenyu hwemumugwagwa hune simba. Nekugadzira nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinosvikirika uye nekushandisa zvivakwa zvinotenderedza, maguta anogona kushandura nzvimbo dzawo dzeveruzhinji kuita vanhu-centric, hubs dzakasimba dzechiitiko nenharaunda.

Sezvo maguta ari kuramba achikura uye kushanduka, dhizaini yemadhorobha yakagadzikana chave chinhu chakakosha chekutarisa kugadzira zvimwe nharaunda dzinogara⁸. Kusimudzirwa kwemadhorobha ine chinangwa chekuona kuti maguta anorarama uye anotsigira zvehupfumi, zvemagariro, uye kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza⁸. Kubudirira kwakasimba inobatanidza mazano ekuderedza kusvibiswa uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa, ichipa nzira inoenda kune remangwana rakasvibira uye rinonyatsoshanda⁸.

Kubatanidza nzvimbo dzakasvibirira uye kusimudzira biodiversity zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzirwa kwemadhorobha⁸. Maguta anoisa mari mukati miitiro yakadzikama inogona kuve yakasvibira uye inoshanda zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva⁸, ine nzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzinopa nzvimbo dzekutandarira, kuvandudza mhando yemhepo, uye kuderedza kuguta kupisa chitsuwa Chaizvoizvo⁹. Iyo Yepamusoro Line muNew York City muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti zvivakwa zvakasiiwa zvinogona kushandurwa kuita mikoto yakasvibira, ichivandudza kugara kweguta uye kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza.

⁸ Matanho akasimba anogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, kutambisa, uye kusvibiswa, uku⁸ kushandisa miitiro inoderedza kuvimba nemasimba asingadzokerike anogona kubatsira kuderedza kabhoni diamoni nekudziya kwepasi rose⁹. Smart grid masisitimu uye kubatanidzwa kwe Renewable energy masosi, akadai dzinotenderera zuva ukomba uye ma turbines emhepo, akakosha pakugadzira maguta akasimba uye asingashande nesimba⁹. Uyezve, dhizaini yekuvaka inobudirira misimboti ine chinangwa chekudzikisa mashandisirwo emagetsi uye kuvandudza kushanda kwayo kwese, zvichibatsira kunzvimbo dzemumaguta dzinogara uye dzine hushamwari.

Idzi mhinduro dzakasimba mukugadzirwa kwemadhorobha dzinobatsira mukugadzira zvimwe nharaunda dzinogara izvo zvakashongedzerwa zvirinani kutarisana nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, pakupedzisira zvichivandudza hupenyu hwevagari vese⁸.

“Zvinogoneka kukura kwemaguta kwakakosha pabasa rehupfumi uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwevagari vese. "⁸

Sezvo maguta pasi rose anoshanda kugadzira zvimwe Urban Design yeVanhu uye Walkable Cities, nyaya dzakati wandei dzebudiriro dzakatanhamara semienzaniso inokurudzira. Mienzaniso miviri mikuru inoratidza simba rekushandura revanhu-centric dhizaini yemadhorobha iCopenhagen neMelbourne.

Copenhagen yagara ichipembererwa semutungamiri mu hurongwa hwemadhorobha hwakasimba, ine network yakakura yenzvimbo dzevanofamba netsoka uye nzira dzekutenderera. Kuzvipira kweguta kudzikisa kutsakatika kwemotokari kwakavandudza hupenyu hwevagari varo zvakanyanya¹⁰. Superkilen Park, inzvimbo ine veruzhinji muCopenhagen, yaisanganisira nharaunda yemuno muchikamu chega chega chekugadzirwa kwayo, ichibatanidza zvinhu kubva kunyika dzinopfuura makumi mashanu kugadzira nzvimbo yemaguta inosanganisirwa uye yakasiyana.

Melbourne yakaita shanduko inoshamisa mumakore achangopfuura, ichiisa pamberi penzvimbo dzevanofamba netsoka uye kuita hunyanzvi hwekugadzira migwagwa. Chirongwa chekuvandudza nzira yeguta chashandura nzvimbo dzaimbosashandiswa kuita nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, zvichikwezva vagari venzvimbo nevashanyi.¹¹. Chirongwa cheBarcelona's superblocks chirongwa cheMilan's Piazze Aperte chine zvinangwa zvakafanana, zvichiratidza maitiro epasirese ekudzoreredza migwagwa yemuguta kuvanhu kwete mota.

Zvidzidzo izvi zvinoratidza kuti sei Urban Design yeVanhu uye Walkable Cities inogona kubudirira kushandura nharaunda dzemudhorobha, kusimudzira hukama hwenharaunda nekusimudzira hupenyu hwese¹⁰. Mienzaniso yakabudirira yakaita seBryant Park muNew York City, Millennium Park muChicago, uye High Line muNew York City inotaridzazve kunaka kwekugadzirwa kwemumadhorobha mukumutsiridza hupfumi nemagariro.

"Tactical urbanism yabuda semhinduro yepasi mukukanganisa kwekuronga kweguta, kupa nharaunda simba rekutora nzvimbo dzadzo dzeveruzhinji."¹¹

Kuita nharaunda dzemunharaunda mu Community Engagement Processes uye Inosanganisirwa Urban Development kwakakosha pakugadzira nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzinonyatsozadzisa zvinodiwa nevagari. Kuronga kwekutora chikamu kunosanganisira vane chekuita mukuita sarudzo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti budiriro yemaguta inoratidza hunhu hwenzvimbo nezvishuwo.¹². Iyi nzira inotungamirira kumapurojekiti akabudirira uye anogamuchirwa nevakawanda, sezvo ichivaka pfungwa yekuve muridzi uye kudada kwenharaunda¹².

Nekubatanidza vagari muhurongwa hwekugadzira, vanoronga maguta vanogona kutora nzwisiso yakakosha uye maonero anoumba nzvimbo kuti dzishande zvakanyanya, kubatanidza, uye zvine musoro kunharaunda yenzvimbo. Iyi nzira yekubatana inopa simba vagari vemo kuti vatore chikamu mukuumba nharaunda dzavanogara, vachisimudzira pfungwa yakasimba yenharaunda nekuita veruzhinji.¹²¹³.

Mabhenefiti ekutora chikamu mukuronga kwemaguta akakura. Inotungamira kunzvimbo dzakagadzirwa zvirinani dzinoenderana nezvido zvakasiyana, kuwedzera kubatana kwevanhu, uye mhedzisiro yenguva refu.¹²¹³. Kusanganisira kuvandudzwa kwemaguta kuburikidza nekubatana kwenharaunda kunobatsira kugadzira maguta asingangoshandi chete asiwo anoreva zvakadzama kune vagari vawo¹².

"Kugadzirwa kwakanaka kwemadhorobha kunogona kuwedzera hupfumi hwebudiriro uye kuunza mabhenefiti emagariro uye kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichipa mukana wemakwikwi ezvigadzirwa."¹³

Chirongwa chekutsvagisa chakamisikidzwa neCABE neDETR chakawana kuti dhizaini yakanaka yemudhorobha inopa mabhenefiti ehupfumi nekuunza kudzoka kwakanyanya pakudyara, kupindura kudiwa kwevagari, uye kubatsira kuendesa nzvimbo inotendeseka.¹³. Pamusoro pezvo, inobatsira kune zvakanakira magariro uye zvakatipoteredza, sekusimudzira rutsigiro rweveruzhinji mukusimudzira uye kuwedzera kushanda kwevashandi.¹³.

Pakupedzisira, kubatanidzwa kwevanhu vemunharaunda mu Community Engagement Processes uye Inosanganisirwa Urban Development chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakabudirira uye dzine chinangwa dzinoenderana nezvido nezvishuwo zvevanhu vanogara madziri.¹².

Kuita dhizaini yemadhorobha kuvanhu inotarisana nematambudziko makuru, kunyanya pakugadzirisa traffic congestition uye kukunda kuramba kuchinja. Kusandura mota-centric zvivakwa kazhinji kunoda kutungamira traffic, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuwanda kwekusangana munzvimbo dzakatenderedza, sezvakaonekwa muBarcelona's "superblocks" chirongwa.¹⁴.

Chimwe chipingamupinyi chiri kukunda kushorwa kubva kune avo vakajaira mararamiro anotsamira mota. Dzimwe pfungwa dzisiridzo, dzakadai sekutya kuvharirwa munharaunda kana kurasikirwa ne "kodzero yekutyaira," inoda kugadziriswa kuburikidza nedzidzo uye kutaurirana kwakajeka pamusoro pezvakanakira. dhizaini yedhorobha revanhu¹⁵.

Vagadziri vemaguta vari kuwedzera kutarisa kuchengetedza, kugadzira maguta ane ushamwari ezvakatipoteredza anogadzirisa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kupera kwezvinhu¹⁵. Nekudaro, kutungamira traffic kuti itarise vanofamba netsoka uye vanochovha mabhasikoro kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwechinguvana mukusangana, sezvinoonekwa muBarcelona.¹⁴. Kufambisa dambudziko iri kunoda nzira yakazara, kusanganisira zvifambiso zveruzhinji kuvandudzwa, kushingaira kufamba zvivakwa, uye zvitsva zvekugadzirisa traffic.

Dzimba dzinodhura mumatunhu makuru idambudziko riri kukura, rinodenha vagadziri vemaguta kuti vagadzire maguta anosanganisirwa uye anosvikika¹⁵. Equity mukugadzirwa kwemadhorobha ine chinangwa chekudzikisa mutsauko mukuwanikwa kwezvivakwa uye masevhisi, kukurudzira nharaunda dzinosanganisirwa uye dzakaenzana.¹⁵. Kugadzirisa nyaya idzi uye kutaurirana zvakanakira Sustainable mobility solutions inogona kubatsira kukunda kuramba shanduko uye kuunganidza tsigiro yeshanduko yedhorobha dhizaini mapurojekiti.

"Kushandura maguta edu kuti ave vanhu vakawanda-centric kunoda kudzikama kwekugadzirisa matambudziko anoshanda uye kukunda pfungwa dzakadzika midzi. Irwendo, asi rwakakosha mukugadzira nharaunda dzine hupenyu, dzinogarika. ”

¹⁵

Sezvo maguta kutenderera pasirese anoyedza kuve akasimba uye anogarika, maitiro maviri anozivikanwa ari kuumba ramangwana renzvimbo dzemumaguta: Tekinoroji Innovations uye Rise yegumi neshanu Maguta. Aya maitiro matsva akagadzirira kutsanangura patsva magadzirirwo atinoita nekudyidzana nenzvimbo dzedu dzeveruzhinji, zvichipa mhinduro kumatambudziko ekufamba kwemadhorobha uye kugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda.

Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kuri kuita basa rakakura mukushandura mamiriro emaguta. Smart guta matekinoroji, mota dzinozvimiririra, uye masisitimu ekufambisa veruzhinji ari kubuda semhinduro dzekugadzirisa kuoma kwekufamba kwemadhorobha.¹⁶. Maguta anodyara mari mukuchinja kuenda kune vanhu vakawanda uye kugadzira kufamba uye kuchovha mabhasikoro anogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni ne5-15%¹⁶. Zvakare, matekinoroji anofambiswa nedata ari kugonesa vanoronga maguta kuti vawane kunzwisisa kwakazara kwemaguta, kuwedzera budiriro yemadhorobha.¹⁷. The kushanda yezvigadziriso izvi zvitsva zviri kugadzira nzira yekufambisa kwakasimba uye kwakasimba, zvichizobatsira mukusikwa kwe Sustainable Mobility Solutions.

Pfungwa yeGuta reMaminiti gumi neshanu iri kuwedzera kusimba pasi rose, ichivimbisa kushandura mararamiro atinoita mumaguta. Iyi modhi ine chinangwa chekupa vagari mukana wekuwana masevhisi akakosha, akadai sehutano, dzidzo, uye varaidzo, mukati mekufamba kwenguva pfupi kana kuchovha bhasikoro kubva kwavari. misha¹⁷. Tarisiro yekugadzira zvivakwa zvakasvibirira munzvimbo dzemadhorobha iri kuwedzera simba, ichisimbisa iyo kukosha yebudiriro inoenderera mberi nekugadzirwa kwe Nharaunda Dzinorarama¹⁷. Nekudzikisa kutsamira kwemota uye nekusimudzira kugara kwenzvimbo, iyo 15-Minute Guta modhi ine mukana wekusimudzira hukama hwenharaunda, kuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo, uye kukurudzira hupenyu hunoshanda uye hune hutano kune vanogara mumadhorobha.

Pasinei nekumwe kuramba uye kusanzwisisa, kutorwa kwemaitiro aya kunomiririra nzira inovimbisa yekugadzira ramangwana renzvimbo dzemumaguta, kugadzirisa zvinodikanwa zveSustainable Mobility Solutions uye Liveable Communities.

“Maguta emunguva yemberi achagadzirirwa vanhu, kwete motokari. Nekukoshesa vanofamba netsoka, vanochovha mabhasikoro, uye zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, tinogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzine simba, dzine hutano, uye dzinokoshesa zvakatipoteredza.

-Jane Jacobs, Urban Theorist

Nekugashira maitiro matsva aya, maguta anogona kugadzira nzira yeramangwana rinoisa pamberi Sustainable Mobility Solutions uye kusikwa kweLiveable Communities, zvichizosimudzira hupenyu hwevagari vemumaguta.¹⁶¹⁷.

Remangwana remadhorobha dhizaini riri mukugadzira maguta akatarisana nevanhu anoisa pamberi pezvido zvevanhu, kusimudzira, uye kugara kwenharaunda pamusoro pemotokari-centric zvivakwa.¹⁸. Uku kushanduka kweparadigm kunoratidza kukura kuri kuziva kuti nzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzinofanirwa kugadzirirwa vanhu, kwete mota. Sezvo maguta ari kuramba achishanduka, nzira iri mberi yekubatanidza hurongwa hwemadhorobha inosanganisira kudyidzana kunoenderera mberi pakati pevarongi vemaguta, nharaunda dzemunharaunda, uye vane chekuita nekusiyana.

Kuzadzikisa chiono ichi chekugadzirwa kwemaguta anonangana nevanhu kunoda kushanda nesimba kuti ubatanidze nharaunda dzenzvimbo mukugadzira uye. kuronga maitiro¹⁹. Nekubatanidza ruzivo uye zvishuwo zvevagari, vanoronga maguta vanogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzakasimba uye dzakasimba dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ese zvevanhu.¹⁹. Iyi nzira yekutora chikamu, inotsigirwa nezvidzidzo zvakaita sekuronga kwemadhorobha, magariro evanhu, uye geography¹⁸, ine kiyi yekugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekuvandudzwa kwemaguta uye kukurudzira pfungwa yekuve vanhu vemunharaunda.

Hurukuro inoenderera mberi uye kuvandudzwa kwezvigadziriso zveunyowani zvakakosha pakuona kugona kwakazara kwekugadzirwa kwemaguta anonangana nevanhu.¹⁸. Sezvo maguta ari kunetsana nenyaya dzinobva mukutsvikinyidzana kwemigwagwa kusvika pakugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzemumaguta¹⁸, zvakakosha kukurudzira kuchinjana kunoenderera mberi kwemazano uye kubatana pamhinduro dzakakwana, dzinotungamirwa nenharaunda.¹⁹. Nekugamuchira maitiro akasimba, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, uye misimboti yeZuva Urbanism¹⁹, maguta anogona kuve anogarika, anosanganisirwa, uye nehanya nemhoteredzo, pakupedzisira achiwedzera kunaka kwehupenyu kune vese vagari.

1. Kugadzira maguta evanhu, kwete mota: nzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzinofamba netsoka - https://shotl.com/news/designing-cities-for-people-not-cars-pedestrian-friendly-urban-spaces
2. Kukosha kweUrban Design kuNharaunda Yako - https://mrsc.org/stay-informed/mrsc-insight/march-2020/the-importance-of-urban-design-for-your-community
3. Chii chinonzi Urban Design? | Urban Design Group - https://www.udg.org.uk/about/what-is-urban-design
4. Beyond Concrete: Basa reSocial Basa rePublic Spaces muUrban Planning - https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/materials-construction/a12199-beyond-concrete-the-social-role-of-public-spaces-in-urban-planning/
5. Basa reNzvimbo dzeVoruzhinji munzvimbo dzeMadhorobha - https://injarch.com/public-spaces-in-urban-environments/
6. Mumigwagwa yemuguta, isa vanhu pamberi pemotokari | The Fourth Regional Plan - http://fourthplan.org/action/streets-for-people
7. Maitiro ekuwana Shanduko yeKufamba uye Kuchovha bhasikoro | CityChangers.org - https://citychangers.org/how-to-achieve-a-walking-and-cycling-transformation/
8. Kuvandudzwa kwemaguta - a remangwana rakasimba - https://toposmagazine.com/sustainable-urban-development/
9. chivakwa Sustainable Maguta: Kugadzira Nzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzeGreener Mangwana - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/building-sustainable-cities-designing-urban-spaces-greener-bett-cyrus
10. 10 Nyaya Dzidzo dzeNharaunda-Yakatarisana nePublic Parks - https://urbandesignlab.in/10-case-studies-for-community-centered-public-parks/?srsltid=AfmBOoopxo38naSK4lRGkoGfUzlr6Bg0dE6ozbhu-c22ubsERMVqqH68
11. Chii chinonzi Tactical Urbanism? 4 Mienzaniso & Nyaya Dzidzo Yakaongororwa - https://onekeyresources.milwaukeetool.com/en/tactical-urbanism
12. Kukosha kweKuronga Madhorobha - Izvo Zvikonzero Zvinomwe Zvikuru - Archistar - https://www.archistar.ai/blog/the-importance-of-urban-planning-the-seven-key-reasons/
13. Kukosha kwekugadzirwa kwemaguta - https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/fileadmin/uploads/dc/Documents/the-value-of-urban-design_0.pdf
14. Urban Dhizaini: Kugadzirisa Matambudziko neCreative Edge - Urban Dhizaini - https://nclurbandesign.org/urban-design-tackling-the-challenges-with-a-creative-edge/
15. Ramangwana Remadhorobha Dhizaini: Mafambiro Uye Zvinetso - https://urbandesignlab.in/the-future-of-urban-design-trends-and-challenges/?srsltid=AfmBOopyVPTr0fgq6oyNchNo6t__DAxxpSTbqn8OtjAt4AMXW45dnaGQ
16. Remangwana remudhorobha rine chinangwa - https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/public-sector/future-of-cities.html
17. Ndeapi maitiro ari kuumba ramangwana rekuronga maguta? | AtkinsRéalis nhau uye mablogiki - https://careers.atkinsrealis.com/blogs/2022-7/what-are-the-trends-shaping-the-future-of-urban-planning
18. PDF - https://www.bosch-stiftung.de/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/2020-04/Participatory Design of People-centered Cities_2020_0.pdf
19. Mazuva ese Urbanism: Kushandura Hupenyu hweZuva Mumaguta - https://urbandesignlab.in/everyday-urbanism/?srsltid=AfmBOoraZZGr-J4mb0Vh06LNC-jP1FI3zD7t52oavhNZ2PVOl5YfpXfC