Kunzwisisa Kukanganisa Kwemarara Yakagadzirwa Kubva Kuvaka

Unodzika bhazi pedyo nenzvimbo inovaka uye chinhu chokutanga chanokurova iruzha: saho yekongiri inochema, rori rinodzokera shure richirira, mumwe munhu ari kushevedzera pamusoro peiyi. Ipapo ziso rako rinogara pamurwi.

Masirabhu ekongiri akatyoka, matanda akatsemuka, plasterboard iri kupfava mushure memvura yapfuura manheru. chikweshe kuputira, hafu yakabvaruka, yakanyura pawaya fence. Ngowani yakaoma iri yoga yakarara yakatsikitsira mumatope sedeko rasiiwa.

Yakatorwa pachayo, inoita senge kushatirwa kwenzvimbo - chimwe chinhu chekuti maneja wesaiti "agadzirise gare gare". Chokwadi, kakona kadiki kakafumuka keimwe yenzizi huru dzemarara pasi pano.

Marara anobuda mukuvaka: Gomo rakavanda pachena

Across Europe, kuvaka uye kuparadza marara - marara kubva kare zvivakwa, kubviswa kubva kune zvitsva, ivhu, kurongedza, zvese - inotora chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezvose zvinoverengwa zviri pamutemo semarara nehuremu. Mune dzimwe nyika, mugove wacho wakatokwira zvikuru.

Huwandu uhu hunonzwika kure kusvika watanga kuifananidza semirwi chaiyo yezvinhu:

• dzimba dzepasi dzakacherwa mabhuroko matsva,
• mabhomba ezvivakwa zvemahofisi epashure pehondo akapwanywa chinyararire ndokudzingwa,
• zviuru zvepallets 'yakakosha yeplasterboard, zvidhinha, block, insulation uye matanda asina kumbonyatsokwana.

Panguva imwe chete, iyo yakafara zvivakwa uye chikamu chekuvaka chine mutoro wechikamu chikuru kwazvo chepasi rose kabhoni emissions kana wawedzera pamwe chete simba rinoshandiswa kufambisa zvivakwa uye kabhoni inosungirirwa pakugadzira simende, simbi, zvidhinha, magirazi nealuminium. A

Kusvetuka kwe "marara" kashoma kungova marara; mafuta ezvicherwa, kucherwa kwematombo, zvifambiso uye basa, zvese zvakagomara zvozokandwa parutivi.

Murwi nekuhodha haisi nyaya yepadivi. Ndihwo humbowo hunoonekwa hwekuti isu patani, mavakirwo atinoita uye mabatiro atinoita zvinhu kana “tapedza” nazvo.

Chii chaizvo chinoguma murwi

Pabasa chairo, marara haasvike ari muzvikamu zvakatsvinda. Inouya mumafungu.

Pakuvamba, apo chivako chekare chiri kubviswa kana kuti kuputswa, pane masuo, kupenya, sirin’i yakaturikwa, masevhisi ekare, mapaipi, uye waya. Pane dzimwe nguva matanda ekare akanaka uye mapuranga epasi anogona kurarama humwe hupenyu zviri nyore; dzimwe nguva kune asbestos kana pendi inoputika ye lead iyo pasina anoda kubata.

Tsvina Yakagadzirwa kubva Kuvaka

Kamwe furemu yechivakwa chitsva ichikwira, chimiro cheskips chinoshanduka. Iwe unotanga kuona:

• zvidimbu zve rebar uye mesh,
• zvidhinha nezvidhinha zvakatsemurwa kana kusamboshandiswa,
• mapallets eplasterboard ane pepa rakakuvadzwa pamusoro, saka iyo yese stack yakarambwa,
• kureba kwe insulation yakatemwa zvishoma zvishoma,
• mareel etambo ane huwandu hunogumbura hwasara padhiramu, kwete zvakakwana kune inotevera kumhanya.

Mukufanana, kune ivhu: zvese zvakatorwa kuti zvigadzirire nzvimbo dzepasi, masevhisi uye nheyo. Imwe yacho yakachena uye inogona kushandiswazve munharaunda. Zvimwe zvakasvibiswa uye zvinofanirwa kutanga rwendo rurefu uye runodhura kuenda kunzvimbo ine rezinesi.

Uye ipapo pane kurongedza: izvo masango yemapallet, tambo, kuputira kwepurasitiki, kadhibhodhi risingaperi. Rongedza, buritsa, bvisa. The silent background rhythm yekuvaka kwemazuva ano.

Mune nhamba dzepamutemo, chikamu chepamusoro chechinhu ichi chave kutsanangurwa se "chakadzoserwa" pane kuraswa. Pasi, izvo zvinogona kureva chero chinhu kubva pakudzokorodza kwemhando yepamusoro kusvika pakupwanya kuri nyore uye kudzosera kumashure. Iyo toni imwe chete yekongiri inogona kunyatsogadziriswa kuita yakasimbiswa yakadzokororwa aggregate, kana kukwizwa nekusundirwa mugomba umo pasina anozomboiona zvakare.

Papepa, ese ari maviri anogona kuverenga se "kupora". Mukutaura kwezvinhu, hazvina kure kure zvakafanana.

S3 Musangano 2026

Hupenyu hwakavanzika hwekusvetuka

Dai waigona kutevera kumwe kusvetuka kubva panguva yainotorwa pagedhi, nzira yayo ingangokushamisa.

Mamwe masimbi achanyatsopatsanurwa otengeswa nekuti kukosha kwawo kuri pachena. Nguva nenguva, zvikamu zvese zvinosimudzwa kunze kusati kwaputswa - zvikamu zvesimbi, zvidhinha, matanda ematanda, akasimudzwa ekupinda pasi, kunyangwe masitepisi akazara kana mafaçades - uye akapihwa hupenyu hwechipiri.

Kazhinji kazhinji, kunyanguvezvo, zvinhu zvakavhenganiswa zvinoiswa pamwe chete nemhaka yokuti mumwe munhu ari panzvimbo yacho ane zvakawanda zvokuita, kana kuti mamiriro okunze achinja, kana kuti pakanga pasina kwakafanira kuisa rimwe mudziyo. Irwo rukova rwakasanganiswa runodhura kurongedza uye harunyanyi kukwezva kune vanogadzirazve, saka yakawanda yaro inongorasika.

Dzimwe nguva nyaya yacho inotora rima. Uko kumanikidza kuri kutetepa uye migumo yepurofiti yakaoma, imwe tsvina inonyangarika munzira isina kurongeka kana isiri pamutemo: yakapinzwa mumatanda, yakavigwa mumacheri ekare, akaparadzirwa kumucheto kwenzvimbo dzeindasitiri kana minda yekurima. Misoro yenhau inowanzobuda makore gare gare, apo moto unotanga, kana kuti rukova ruchichinja ruvara rusinganzwisisike, kana kuti mwana anowira panzvimbo ine utachiona.

Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, mumwe munhu, pane imwe nzvimbo, akaita chisarudzo chokuti chinhu chikuru chaiva "kubvisa" zvakachipa sezvinobvira. Migumisiro yacho inosiiwa kune vamwe kuti vagare nayo.

Mitemo pamapepa, chokwadi chiri pasi

Nyika zhinji zvino dzine bumbiro remutemo rakajeka rakatenderedza marara ekuvaka. Mutauro unoshanduka kubva kuLondon kuenda kuLisbon kuenda kuLjubljana, asi zvinotarisirwa zvakada kufanana.

Panowanzoita basa rekuchengeta: chinodiwa nemutemo kuti uzive rudzi rwemarara auri kugadzira, kuichengeta zvakachengetedzeka, kuiendesa kune vane mvumo yekutakura uye zvivakwa, uye kuchengetedza mapepa akakwana ayo nzira inogona kuteverwa.

Pamusoro peiyo gara akasiyana mazano uye zvinangwa. Izvi zvinogona kuseta mashoma ekudzoreredza mareti ekuvaka kusina njodzi uye marara ekuparadza, kuwedzera mutero wepasi pekufamba kwenguva kuita kuti "kuchera uye kurasa" kusanyanya kukwezva, kana kukurudzira zvakasimba kusarura kuri nani panzvimbo. Europe yanga ichifamba kubva kune yakapusa tonnage tarisiro kuenda kune yekusimbisa sei tsvina inodzoserwa: tiri kunyatsogadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva uye zvinhu kubva mairi, kana kungozvivanza munzvimbo?

Nhungamiro kubva kuhurumende dzose dzenyika uye EU ikozvino inowanzotaura nezve:

• pre-kuputsa uye pre-kugadziridza ongororo,
• kuparadza kwakasarudzika pachinzvimbo che "kupwanya uye kujeka",
• kuchengetedza kunaka mukati zvakashandiswa zvakare,
• uye nekuvandudza kucherechedzwa kuburikidza nehupenyu hwepurojekiti.

Zvose zvine musoro uye, nenzira dzakawanda, zvakanonoka. Dambudziko, senguva dzose, riri kuvhara mukaha uripo pakati pegwaro rakashambidzika remitemo uye saiti muna Mbudzi ine chirongwa chekurova uye hapana panoonekwa kuisa imwe skip.

Apo tsvina inotangira chaizvo: pabhodhi rekudhirowa

Nenguva iyo zvinhu zvinorova skip, dzakawanda dzesarudzo dzakakosha dzakatoitwa.

Pfupi inotora "itsva-kuvaka kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira" inovhara chinyararire mumarara ekuputsa uye yakasanganiswa kabhoni zvinoenda nazvo. Chishuvo cheimwe nhanho yepasi, "zvichida", inovimbisa zviuru zvecubic metres zvekupamba. Rudo rweakawanda façade masisitimu, imwe neimwe iine zvigadziriso zvayo uye mainterfaces, inoita kuti ramangwana disassembly ive isingaite.

Zvakapesana ndezvechokwadiwo. Kuchinja kudiki pakufunga pakutanga kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura zvinoshamisa gare gare.

Dhizaini inotangira pamubvunzo wekuti, "Chii chatingachengeta?" zvinozongofamba kuenda kukushandisa zvakare zvivakwa, ma façades, macores kana kanenge faundesheni pazvisina njodzi kuzviita. Chirongwa chinobvuma kuti zvivakwa zvine hupenyu hwakati wandei - kuti hofisi yanhasi ingave rabhoritari yamangwana kana dzimba - inokwenya vagadziri vakananga kune hurefu hwepasi-kusvika-sirin'i, magidhi ane musoro uye masevhisi anosvikika.

Details zvine basa zvakare. Mabolted akabatana panzvimbo peakaiswa welded munzvimbo dzakakosha; mechanical fixings panzvimbo yezvikamu zvekunamatira; mapartitions anogona kupatsanurwa pane kuputswa. Hapana chimwe chezvinhu izvi chinoshamisira. Ese anoita kuti zvive nyore kuchengetedza kukosha kana chivakwa chachinja.

Uye ipapo kune zvigadzirwa. Muzvikamu zvakawanda - sirin'i, makapeti, plasterboard, mahwindo, façades - vagadziri vari kufambisa zvirongwa zvekudzosera kumashure kana kupa zvigadzirwa zvine zvakakosha zvakadzokororwa. Vamwe vanozogadzira vachifunga nezve recycled mune ramangwana kana vakabvunzwa. Kana pasina anobvunza, vanokwenya uye vanoenderera mberi.

Nhanho yekutanga yekucheka marara kazhinji inonyadzisa: isa tsvina, shandisa zvakare uye kuchinjika kweramangwana pane ajenda mumusangano wekutanga wevatengi, pane kuisiya sechiito chekurongedza kune mukuru kontrakiti.

Hupenyu panzvimbo: Chipiri mumvura

Chero ani akamboshanda panzvimbo yekuvaka inorarama anoziva kuti zvirongwa zvakanyorwa zvakanaka zvinogona kusungirirwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemazuva ese: kunonoka kutakura, rori yakaputsika, kuwanikwa kusingatarisirwe kuseri kwemadziro.

Saka mubvunzo hausi, "Tingagadzira nzira yakakwana yekurasa?" asi "Tingagadzira chimwe chinhu chakasimba zvakakwana kuti tirarame mangwanani eChipiri akanyorova?"

Zvirongwa zvinowanzoshanda zvipfupi, zvakananga uye zvinoonekwa. Vanoti, mumashoko akapfava:

• izvo zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pakuparadzanisa ichi purojekiti,
• uko midziyo iyo ichagara mumuviri,
• ndiani anovadurura uye kakawanda sei,
• uye kuti nyaya yacho iri kuenda kupi.

Vangori nedata rakakwana rakanamirwa - pamwe chinangwa chemarara paskweya mita, kana chikamu chezvinhu zvinofanirwa kutsauswa kubva mukuraswa kwemarara - kuchengetedza vanhu vakatendeseka pasina kuvanyudza mumaspredishiti.

Pasaiti, rusarura runobudirira kana kukundikana pane zvinoshanda kwete masirogani. Kana iyo plasterboard skip iri rwendo rurefu kubva pane kucheka kuri kuitika, kure-kucheka kuchawana nzira yavo kupinda mugaba riri pedyo. Kana mavara ari madiki kana kuvhiringa, hapana anomira nebhara rakazara kuti averenge mumvura kuchinaya.

Hurukuro pfupi, dzenguva dzose dzinobatsira kanopfuura kamwe chete pagore kudzidza. Kana foromani atora maminetsi maviri kutsanangura sei matanda akachena kana plasterboard nyaya, pane kungohukura "kwete mune iyo imwe", maitiro anotanga kufamba.

Pre-demolition and strip-out phases inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya pano. Zviri nyore kutsvedza mutsika yekare yekuti “bvisa zvese kunze, tozofunga nezvekushandisa zvakare gare gare” tozoona kuti “mushure” haimbosviki. Kuunza ongororo yepamberi yekugadziridza uye kuronga kutevedzana nekushandisazve mupfungwa kunoshandura chikamu ichocho kubva pabasa rekutsvaira rekubvisa kuita rudzi rwegoho.

Mari, misika nevavakidzani

Kana zvose izvi zvichiita sezvisina kujeka zvakakodzera, zvakakodzera kutarisa kuti mari iri kuenda kupi.

Kwemakore mashoma apfuura, makambani makuru ekuvaka uye ezvekushandisa anga achitenga chinyararire vanogadzirazve, vachiwedzera kugona kwavo kutora zvinhu zvekuputswa, uye kuvhura mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvine zvakakwirira zvakadzokororwa. Vari kutara zvinangwa zveveruzhinji kuti matani emamiriyoni ematani ekongiri, zvidhinha neasphalt zvavachagadzira panosvika gore ra2030. Holcim akawedzera zvivakwa zvezvivakwa zvakare nezvibvumirano zvitatu, zvakaziviswa muna Zvita 2025.

Icho hachisi rudo. Iko kuverenga kuti tsvina kubva pakuvaka nekuputswa ichave imwe yemhando huru yeramangwana hova, kunyanya sezvo mitemo yemamiriro ekunze inoruma uye kuwana zviwanikwa zvemhandara kunowedzera kunzwisiswa.

Kune rumwe rutivi rwefenzi, chaizvo chaizvo, gara nharaunda. Vanhu vanogara padivi penzvimbo dzekuraswa marara dziripo, zvirimwa zvinogadzirwa patsva, mbavha dzemoto uye, zvisingaonekwe, marasira asiri pamutemo. Ndivo vanofema muguruva, vachiona kufambiswa kwerori kuchiwedzera, uye vachishamisika kuti chii chiri pasi penzvimbo iyi isina chinhu.

Rufu kunze kwemusha

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mazano emarara matsva kwezvivako kana kuputswa kwegakava kwazova mhezi. Seri kwemagwaro ekuronga kune mibvunzo mikuru yeruvengo:

• Ndiani anobatsirwa nekuvandudzwa kutsva?
• Ndiani ane ngozi yezvinoitika kumarara ayo?
• Sei pano, uye kwete kumwewo?

Tsvina yekuvaka, yaimbova yakaoma tekinoroji chidzidzo, zvishoma nezvishoma iri kuita chikamu chehurukuro yeruzhinji pamusoro pekururamisira, utano uye kuvimba.

Kuchinja nyaya, chirongwa neprojekti

Zviri kuyedza kutarisa matani uye nhamba dzepasi rose uye kunzwa kuti dambudziko rakakura zvakanyanya, rakabatikana nezvimwe zvese, kuti rifambe.

Asi chokwadi chiri pasi chinovakwa kubva kuzviuru zvezvidiki, sarudzo dzevanhu.

• mutengi anosarudza dzokorora pamusoro pekuputsa,
• mugadziri ari kurerutsa jena kuitira kuti pave nemashopu mashoma,
• maneja wesaiti achiraira kumwe kusvetuka kuti plasterboard ichengeteke yakachena,
• mutengesi anopa basa rekutora-kumashure pane kunyunyuta pamagumo ehupenyu.

Hapana chimwe chezvinhu izvi chichashandura gomo remarara repasi rose pacharo. Pamwe chete, vanotungamira zvishoma nezvishoma kuyerera.

Pamwe iyo inonyanya kukosha shanduko yepfungwa ndeyekurega kufunga marara semagumo enyaya. Zvishandiso hazviregi kuvapo pazvinobuda gedhi; vanoenda kumwe, uye vanoramba vachiitira mumwe munhu chimwe chinhu.

Tinokwereta matombo, jecha, ores uye fossil fuels, vochinja kuva zvivako kwekanguva, uye vosarudza kuti inguva yemberi yakaita sei. Vanodzoka sezvivakwa zvinobatsira uye zvigadzirwa, kana kuti vanopinda mugomba kuti vakanganwe?

Mhinduro kumubvunzo iwoyo haisati iri nyaya yeruzivo rwoga rwoga. Inobva mutsika, tsika uye zvinokosha. Uye izvo zvinogona, nekushingirira zvishoma, kunyorwa patsva.

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Iyi nhau yakanaka yenhau yakafemerwa neimwe yemamiriro ezvinhu anosiririsa pasi rose: the war in Ukireni.

“Isu muUkraine tiri kuita nzvimbo yekutyaira yevakasiyana-siyana kutsigira vatyairi vendege, zviedzo uye zvitsva. Tinofanira kusvetuka nekuvaka nzanga, zvivakwa uye maitiro anosanganisira, akanaka uye akasimba. Ndiwo maonero edu.” Roman Pushko

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