Kusimuka kweVancouverism: Muenzaniso weSustainable Urban Dhizaini

Vancouverism yabuda seyakasarudzika nzira yemadhorobha, inokwezva pasi rose semuenzaniso we kubudirira kwakasimba. Iyi nzira yakasanganiswa, inosanganisa mafambiro kubva kumaguta akaita seNew York neHong Kong, yakanyora patsva rondedzero ye kuronga maguta¹. Neanopfuura makore makumi matatu echiitiko chebasa revanhu, kusanganisira makore gumi nemashanu semukuru-mukuru kuronga mukati Vancouver, Larry Beasley ave ari simba rekufambisa shure kwekuchinja uku¹.

Kusimuka kweVancouverism kunopindirana nehuremu hwekuita metropolisation, uko maguta edza kugadzira mifananidzo uye pfungwa dzakasiyana. Mumakore ekuma1990, Vancouver yakatsvaga kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu munzvimbo yayo yedhorobha, ichipindura kune makakatanwa ari pamusoro. kuvandudzwa kwemaguta uye kukosha kwekurwisa kuwanda kwemaguta². Bhuku raBeasley "Kusimuka kwe Vancouverism: A Model for Sustainable Urban Design” inoongorora kuomesesa kweiyi nzira yekupayona, ichiratidza misimboti yayo yakakosha uye matambudziko ayo akatarisana nawo.

• Vancouverism imhando yakasanganiswa yemudhorobha inosanganisa zvinhu kubva kumametropolises seNew York neHong Kong.
• Pfungwa iyi yakawana mukurumbira muma1990s sezvo Vancouver yaitsvaga kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu mudhorobha rayo.
• Vancouverism inoratidzwa ne kurarama kwepamusoro-soro, kusimukira-kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa, uye nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzine simba.
• Larry Beasley, ane mukurumbira kuronga maguta, anga ari simba rekufambisa kuseri kwesangano reVancouverism.
• Vancouverism inomiririra shanduko yakananga kune inogoneka kukura kwemaguta uye mhinduro kumatambudziko ekupararira kwemaguta.

Vancouverism, izwi rave rakafanana nenzira yekupayona kumadhorobha patani, midzi yaro yakanyura mukukura kunokurumidza kweguta uye pesvedzero dzetsika dzakasiyana-siyana³. The dhizaini yekuvaka yeVancouver, inowanzotsanangurwa semusanganiswa we kurarama kwepamusoro-soro yakatekeshera muHong Kong uye hunhu hwevanhu hwekugadzirwa kweEurope, yatora kutarisisa kwevanoronga maguta nevagadziri pasi rese.⁴.

Kwakatangira Vancouverism kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kweshanduko yeguta mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, yakaratidzwa nemafungu ekutama kwenyika, kunyanya kubva kuAsia.³. Pesvedzero yekuvandudzwa kwemaguta eHong Kong, inoratidzwa neshongwe dzayo dzepamusoro-soro uye kukura kwakatwasuka, yakaita basa rakakosha mukuumba nzvimbo yekuvaka yeVancouver.⁵.

Pamwoyo weVancouverism pane nzira yakasarudzika yeku urban design, apo shongwe refu, dzakatetepa dzinovakwa pamusoro pemapodium, zvichigadzira chiyero pakati kurarama kwepamusoro-soro uye zviitiko zvinofadza zvemumugwagwa⁵. Urongwa uhwu hune chinangwa chekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzine hupenyu uku ichienderana nehuwandu hweguta³. Pamusoro pezvo, "View Protection Guidelines," yeVancouver, yakaitwa muna 1989 uye yakagadziridzwa muna 1990, yakaita basa rakakosha mukumisa miganho yehurefu kuchengetedza maonero eguta anoyevedza eNorth Shore Mountains.³.

Kusimbisa kweVancouverism pakufamba uye nzvimbo dzakasvibirira chave chiri chimiro chinotsanangura, sezvakaratidzwa neguta rakatsetseka-meshed gidhi remumugwagwa uye kubatanidzwa kwepakati-block nzira.³. Iyi nzira yakazara yeku kuronga maguta yaita kuti Vancouver ive modhi yebudiriro yeguta, ichiita kuti ive nemukurumbira seimwe yeakanyanya pasi rose maguta anogarika³⁴.

Pasinei nekurumbidzwa, Vancouver's kuronga maitiro yakatarisana nekushoropodzwa, paine kushushikana kwakasimudzwa pamusoro pekushaikwa kwekubuda pachena, nzira dzekubvumidza kwenguva refu, kudzokorora mafomu akavakwa, uye mukana wehuwori.³. Nekudaro, kuzvipira kweguta mukuenderera mberi nekuvandudza uye kushanduka muzvarirwo yeVancouverism inoratidza ramangwana rinovimbisa reiyi yakasarudzika nzira yemadhorobha⁵.

Urban dhizaini masterplanners vanoita basa rakakosha mukuumba inoenderera uye maguta anogarika, mu Vancouver, nyanzvi dzechiono idzi dzakabatsira mukuita zveguta kuronga maguta uye kubudirira kwakasimba mazano. Basa ravo rinosanganisira kushandira pamwe nevanosiyana siyana kuti vaone kuti izvozvo kukura kwemaguta inofambirana nemisimboti ye Vancouverism.

Urban dhizaini masterplanners muVancouver vakatarisana nekugadzira yakakwira-density, nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa-kushandisa izvo zvinokoshesa nzvimbo dzinoshamwaridzana nevanofamba netsoka uye zveveruzhinji⁶. Vakashandura nzvimbo yekutengeserana yeguta uye nzvimbo yemvura yemaindasitiri kuita nzvimbo dzekugara uye dzakasanganiswa-kushandisa, dzinosanganisira dzinopfuura zviuru zvisere zvekugara, nzvimbo yekutengeserana, uye zveveruzhinji.⁶. Basa ravo rakakonzera kugadzirwa kweshongwe dzakatetepa dzekondomu dzinoremekedza maonero akasarudzika emakomo nemvura, akabatanidzwa nedzimba dzemutaundi kana zvikamu zvekutengesa.⁶.

The urban design nzira yakapayona muVancouver yakadhindwa zvakafara mumamwe maguta kupota nyika, akadai seSeattle, San Francisco, San Diego, Dubai, uye Abu Dhabi.⁶. Vancouver's Developers uye vanachipangamazano vekuronga vakawana musika unobhadhara wepasirese wehunyanzvi hwavo, sedhizaini yemadhorobha inoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha chekubudirira nzira dzekuvandudza.⁶. Kuronga kweguta kunosanganisira kuronga kwenharaunda, nharaunda yeruzhinji kunatsiridza, uye kuedza kwakasimba kweruzhinji kutora chikamu, ine mitemo yenzvimbo inodzora kusimudzira kwakadzama uye kufungidzira kwemadhorobha.⁶.

Zvakare, Vancouver inoshandisa maturusi emari kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zveveruzhinji kubva mukuvandudzwa kutsva uye mibairo yekukurudzira kutevedzera magadzirirwo emadhorobha.⁶. The Vancouver Urban Design Panel inoita basa rakakosha mukuongorora dhizaini mhando nekusimudzira strategic urban design nyaya⁶. Mutauro wedhorobha unozivikanwa wedhizaini wakabuda mukati mekupera kwema1980 nema1990s kuburikidza nemazano ekuda edhorobha senge 'Living First', ine. Concord Pacific's kubatanidzwa kuunza nzira yekutaurirana uye maonero enguva refu kune chirongwa chekuronga⁶.

"Urban design masterplanners vakabatsira mukuita chiono cheVancouver chepamusoro-density, nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa-kushandisa izvo zvinotungamira nzvimbo dzinoshamwaridzana nevanofamba netsoka uye zveveruzhinji."

Kunyangwe paine hupfumi hwemabhuku pamusoro pehutungamiriri muhutungamiriri hweveruzhinji uye manejimendi ebhizinesi, pane kushomeka kwemabhuku ezvidzidzo uye ehunyanzvi anogadzirisa basa revagadziri vemumaguta sevatungamiriri.⁷. Nekudaro, yakadzama yeguta-ne-guta nhoroondo dzemadhorobha dhizaini maitiro akabatsira zvakanyanya mukunzwisisa dhizaini hutungamiriri nemhedzisiro.⁷.

Tsvagiridzo ichangoburwa yakaratidza typology yemaitiro ehutungamiri hwemadhorobha, anosanganisira autocratic, paternalistic, democratic, laissez-faire, transactional, shanduko, uye asipo.⁸. Aya maitiro ehutungamiri akawanikwa achipesvedzera maitiro nemhedzisiro ye urban design, with the kudzidza kuongorora mashandisiro avo pamabasa uye maitiro evagadziri veruzhinji muEurope⁸.

Pakazere, basa remadhorobha dhizaini masterplanner mukugadzira nharaunda dzinogara uye dzinogara dzakakosha. Basa ravo muVancouver rave muenzaniso wepasi rose we kuronga maguta uye kubudirira kwakasimba, maguta anokurudzira pasi rose kutora misimboti ye Vancouverism.

Semugadzirirwo wemadhorobha ane mukurumbira masterplanner, Alexandra Steed yakagadzirirwa kuvhura hofisi yeVancouver muna 2024, ichiunza hunyanzvi hwake kuguta iro rakakurudzira Vancouverism movement. Kufamba kwakarongeka uku kunomiririra danho rakakosha mukushanduka-shanduka kwenzvimbo yedhorobha reVancouver. Maitiro eSteed anotarisa pakubatanidza maonero emunharaunda uye kuronga kwakasimba maitiro mukusimudzira maguta, achienderana zvisina musono nemisimboti yeVancouverism.

Sarudzo yaSteed yekumisikidza hofisi yeVancouver muna 2024 inosimbisa kuzvipira kwake kuumba ramangwana redhizaini yedhorobha. Nekutanga kuvepo kwenzvimbo, anovavarira kuwana nzwisiso yakadzama yezvipingamupinyi zvakasarudzika nemikana iyo nharaunda dzeVancouver dzinosangana nadzo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti magadzirirwo ake ekuronga anokwenenzverwa kune zvavanoda chaizvo.

Pamwoyo weSteed's maitiro inotarisa pakubatanidza maonero emunharaunda muhurongwa hwekuronga. Anotenda kuti nekudyidzana nenharaunda uye nekunzwisisa zvavanokoshesa, dhizaini yemadhorobha masterplanners vanogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzinonyatsoenderana nevanhu vanogaramo. Uku kukoshesa kwemamiriro enzvimbo chiratidzo cheVancouverism, uye kusvika kwaSteed muguta pasina mubvunzo kuchasimbisa ibwe rekona re. kuvandudzwa kwemaguta.

Sezvo Steed achigadzirira kuvhura hofisi yake yeVancouver, kuzvipira kwake kumisimboti yeVancouverism uye kutarisa kwake kuronga kwakasimba uye urban design masterplanning pasina mubvunzo ichagadzirisa ramangwana reguta, kuve nechokwadi chekuti rinoramba riri muenzaniso wepasi rose wekusimudzira dhorobha.

Guta reVancouver rabuda semutungamiri wepasi rose mukugadzirwa kwemadhorobha, achipayona nzira inozivikanwa seVancouverism.⁹. Pamwoyo weiyi modhi pane musanganiswa-wekushandisa budiriro inobatanidza zvine hushamwari nzvimbo dzekugara, dzekutengeserana, uye dzeveruzhinji, kuderedza kudiwa kwekufamba kwemotokari uye kusimudzira nharaunda dzinofambika, dzine simba.⁹.

Izvi zvakasanganiswa-kushandiswa zvigadziriso zvinoratidzwa nepakati-kureba zvigadziko zvekutengesa uye shongwe dzekugara dzakakwirira, dzichigadzira mamiriro emudhorobha ane simba.⁹. Vagadziri vanotsvaga mapurojekiti akanyanya-density muVancouver vanosungirwawo kupa mupiro mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha, senge mapaki, nzvimbo dzekutamba, uye nzvimbo dzenharaunda, kuve nehupenyu hwakatenderedzwa. mhepo mvura nenzvimbo kuvagari⁹.

Yakabatanidzwa kune yeVancouverism modhi inzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasvibira uye nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzine nzvimbo yeguta. Vancouver's "view cone" mutemo, inochengetedza maonero emakomo eguta, inobvumira izvi zvinhu zvakasikwa kuti zvinakirwe nevanhu vese, kwete chete avo vanogara mumidhuri mirefu.⁹. Kuzvipira uku mutoro wezvakatipoteredza inoratidzirwazve mune yeguta girinhi akitekicha, izvo zvinoisa pokutanga kuchengetedza uye kushanda nesimba⁹.

Mhedzisiro yacho inzvimbo ine simba, inogarika yemudhorobha inoenderana nezvido zvevagari nenharaunda⁹. Vancouverism yakarumbidzwa se "kuhwina katatu" kune veruzhinji, masangano akazvimirira, uye vagari, nekuda kwemaitiro ekugadzira uye ekubatana. kuronga guta⁹.

Kumbundira kweVancouver kwezvinoitika zvakasanganiswa-kushandiswa kwakashandura mamiriro eguta, kugadzira nharaunda dzinobudirira, dzinoshamwaridzana nevanofamba netsoka.⁹. Aya mapurojekiti, akadai sekuhwina-mubairo Vancouver House, batanidza nzvimbo dzekugara, dzekutengeserana, uye dzeveruzhinji nenzira inoderedza kuvimba nemotokari uye inosimudzira kudyidzana kwenharaunda.¹⁰.

Vancouver House, a LEED Platinum chivakwa chinotora 60,600 m², muenzaniso wakanaka weVancouverism mukuita¹⁰. Yakagadzirwa nevanozivikanwa BIG Architects, chirongwa ichi chinogadzirisa chishuwo chenharaunda chekusimudzira dhorobha, uku ichipawo maonero akasiyana emvura nemakomo eguta.¹⁰. Sechiratidzo chekuzvipira kwaVancouver ku green architecture uye kubudirira kwakasimba, Vancouver House inoshanda semuenzaniso kune mamwe maguta anoda kutevedzera maitiro eVancouverism¹⁰.

"Vancouverism inoonekwa semhando inotengeswa nyore nyore sezvo iine hushamwari munharaunda, ine hushamwari kumhuri, uye ine hushamwari hwemamiriro ekunze."⁹

Mucherechedzo weVancouverism wawana kufarira kwepasirese, nechiratidziro che "Vancouverism: Westcoast Architecture neCity-Building" chinoratidza marongero eguta ekugadzira madhorobha kune vateereri vepasirese.¹¹. Kubva kuParis kuenda kuDubai, vagadziri vezvivakwa uye varongi vemaguta vari kutora misimboti yakafanana kugadzira ine simba, maguta akasimba¹¹.

Vancouverism, innovative kuronga maguta modhi, yakawedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwevagari vemuguta. Iyi nzira, inoratidzirwa nekugara kwepamusoro-density, kusanganiswa-kushandiswa kwekuvandudza, uye kutarisa kwakasimba pa munharaunda kubatanidzwa, yakashandura Vancouver kuita muenzaniso unopenya weguta rinogara uye rinogara¹².

Pamwoyo weVancouverism pane kuzvipira kugadzira nharaunda dzakasimba, asi dzinogarika. Guta reguta rakasiyana-siyana rakatetepa shongwe dzakakwirira, dzakaparadzana dzinenge 25 metres, inova nechokwadi chekuti vagari vanofarira kuwana mvura inotsvaira kana maonero emakomo.¹². Iyi dhizaini ine kufunga, yakasanganiswa nekuwanda kwenzvimbo dzakasvibira dzeveruzhinji uye yakasimba yeruzhinji nzira yekufambisa, inobatsira kuhupenyu hwepamusoro hweVancouverites.

Vancouverism inoisa simbiso yakasimba pa munharaunda kubatanidzwa, ine nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka dzeveruzhinji dzinokurudzira kudyidzana kwevanhu uye dzakasiyana siyana dzesarudzo dzedzimba kuti dzienderane nevanhu vakasiyana.¹². Kuvimbika kweguta paSkyTrain, otomatiki metro sisitimu inomhanya zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa, inowedzera kuwedzera kubatana uye kuwanikwa kwevagari.¹³.

Izvi zvinhu zveVancouverism zvakashandura guta kuita mwenje wekugara, kukwezva kutarisisa kwepasirese uye kukurudzira mamwe madhorobha kuti atevedzere yakabudirira modhi.¹². Sezvo Vancouver ichiramba ichishanduka, kuzvipira kwayo mukusimudzira uye inotungamirwa nenharaunda kunoramba kuri humbowo hwekuita kwakanaka kweiyi nzira yekuvandudza. kugara mudhorobha.

"Vancouverism yakashandura guta kuita mwenje wekugara, ichikwezva kutarisisa kwepasirese uye kukurudzira mamwe madhorobha kuti atevedzere akabudirira maitiro."

Iyo Vancouverism modhi yakaratidza kuve simba rine simba mukuumba ramangwana rekugara mumadhorobha, ichipa hurongwa hwekugadzira maguta ane simba, anogarika anoisa pamberi pekugara zvakanaka kwevagari vawo.¹²¹³.

Pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwakapararira kweVancouverism, modhi inotarisana nematambudziko akati wandei sezvo ichitsvaga kuenzanisa nekukurumidza kukura kwemaguta nezvinangwa zvekusimudzira¹⁴. Vancouver's modhi yedhizaini yemadhorobha, inozivikanwa seVancouverism, yave nemukurumbira pasi rese nekuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu munzvimbo dzedhorobha, mafambiro akakurumbira eruzhinji, uye hupenyu hwekuvandudza.¹⁴. Vancouverism yakaonekwa seyo inotungamira kunze kwenyika ye Kanadha, nemaguta emuEurope neUS achifunga kutora nzira dzakafanana dzekuronga maguta¹⁴.

Chimwe chezvinonyanya kunetsa kudiwa kwekuchengetedza Vancouverism's musimboti wekugara wakasimba, wakanyanya-density uchigamuchira kuenderera kweguta kukura kwevanhu.¹⁴. Matambudziko akatarisana neVancouverism anosanganisira kudzikira mukuedza kwedensification mumaguta ese eCanada, kunyanya muToronto uko zvave kunetsa kuwana mapurojekiti edzimba dzepakati-kusimuka atenderwe nekuda kwekupikiswa kwenzvimbo.¹⁴. Vancouver pachayo yakatarisana nematambudziko nekumira kwedhorobha, paine mishumo inoratidza kuwanda kwe7,000. kupaka nzvimbo muguta¹⁴.

Rimwe dambudziko ririkunetsa inyaya ye kukwanisa kwekugara¹⁴. Matambudziko arikumanikidza ekukura kwevanhu, kuwanda, kukwira kwemitengo yedzimba, uye mari yekuvandudza hupenyu huri kuramba kuchikonzera kudiwa kwehuwandu mumaguta eCanada.¹⁴. Pfungwa yekumbundikira densification uye misimboti yedhizaini yemadhorobha yakafanana neVancouverism inoonekwa sedanho rakakosha kumaguta ari kutsvaga kugadzirisa matambudziko anhasi uye kuwedzera mararamiro ekurarama.¹⁴.

Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa kubatanidza zvimwe dzimba dzinodhura sarudzo uye ive nechokwadi chekuti mabhenefiti eVancouverism anowanikwa kune vanhu vakasiyana¹⁵. Iyo West End yeVancouver idiki rectangle yenyika, ine vagari vangangosvika zviuru makumi mana nezviviri, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda muNorth America.¹⁵. Avhareji yemari muWest End inokwana C $46,000, iri padyo zvakanyanya neiyo yedhorobha rose, ichiratidza nharaunda yehupfumi nemagariro akasiyana.¹⁵.

Matambudziko akatarisana neVancouverism anoratidza kukosha kwekuenderera mberi utsanzi uye kugadzirisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekubudirira kwenguva refu kwemuenzaniso. Nekugadzirisa nyaya dzekuchengetedza, kukwanisa kwekugara, uye kuwana kwakaenzana, Vancouverism inogona kuramba ichishanda semuenzaniso wepasi rose wekugadzirisa dhizaini yemadhorobha¹⁴.

"West End inopa mukana usingaenzaniswi wedhorobha reVancouver, mabasa, tsika, kudya, kutenga, mahombekombe egungwa, uye Stanley Park, ichikwezva vanhu vakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira avo vane mwero wepakati pemari, kwete vapfumi vepamusoro."¹⁵

Sezvo Vancouverism iri kuramba ichishanduka, zvichave zvakakosha kuenzanisa zvinodiwa nehuwandu hwevanhu huri kukura nemisimboti ye kubudirira kwakasimba, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugara kweguta uye kugona kuripa kunoramba kuri pamberi pehurongwa hwaro hwekugadzira madhorobha.¹⁴.

Nheyo dze Urban Planning, Sustainable Development, uye itsva City Landscapes izvo zvinotsigira Vancouverism zvakaratidzwa kuburikidza neshanduko mapurojekiti mukati meguta. Mumwe muenzaniso unocherechedzwa kuvandudzwa kweFalse Creek, yaimbova nzvimbo yeindasitiri yemahekita makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe, kuita nharaunda ine musanganiswa-inoshandisa.¹⁶.

Inotungamirwa nemukuru weHong Kong Li Ka-Shing's Concord Pacific, chirongwa ichi chinoratidza kubatanidzwa kweshongwe dzekugara dzakasimba nemapodium anochengetedza huwandu hwevanhu padanho remigwagwa. Kubudirira kwezvirongwa zvakadaro kwakapa zvidzidzo zvakakosha mukuronga kwemadhorobha uye dhizaini, zvichikurudzira zviitiko mukati meVancouver uye pasi rose.¹⁶.

Shanduko yeFalse Creek kuita inobudirira, Sustainable community chave chiri chiratidzo chesimba reVancouverism. Nekusanganisa kugara-density yekugara nenzvimbo dzinofungwa dzeveruzhinji uye zvinowanikwapo, chirongwa ichi chafemera hupenyu hutsva munzvimbo iyi, ichigadzira modhi yebudiriro yemadhorobha.¹⁶.

Saizvozvo, kusimbisa kweguta kubatanidza shongwe dzekugara nemapodiums emunhu kwakadzokororwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeVancouver, kuve nechokwadi chekuti denga rinoenderana nehupenyu hwemumugwagwa hune simba. Mapurojekiti aya aratidza kugona kwe Urban Planning uye Sustainable Development kusimudzira hupenyu hwevagari¹⁶.

Kubudirira kweVancouverism hakuna kucherechedzwa, uye maguta pasi rese akatsvaga kudzidza kubva pane zvakaitika muguta. Zvidzidzo zvakakosha zvinosanganisira kukosha yekuenzanisa density pamwe nekugara, kukosha kwekubatanidza zvinofarirwa neveruzhinji mukuvandudzwa kwemadhorobha, uye kukosha kwekugadzira hukama hwakabatana pakati pezvivakwa zvitsva nenzvimbo iripo.¹⁶.

Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro eVancouver ekutora kukosha kwakagadzirwa neveruzhinji, senge kuburikidza neCommunity Amenity Contributions (CACs) neDevelopment Cost Levies (DCLs), yakakurudzira mamwe makanzuru kuti aongorore mhando dzakafanana.¹⁷. Idzi nzira dzekutsvaga mari dzakagonesa guta kuita mari mune zvakakosha kwezvivako nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera Sustainable Development uye City Landscapes weVancouver¹⁷.

"Shanduko yeFalse Creek kuita nharaunda inobudirira, yakagadzikana yave chiratidzo chesimba reVancouverism."

Zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva mukubudirira kweVancouver mukuita Vancouverism zvave zvakakosha, zvinokurudzira maguta pasi rese kuongorora nzira dzakafanana dze Sustainable Development uye City Landscapes¹⁷¹⁶.

Vancouverism, nzira yekuvandudza yemadhorobha yakashandura guta reVancouver, yakawana kuzivikanwa pasi rose uye yakakurudzira vagadziri vemaguta pasi rese. Kusimbisa kwayo pakugara kwakasimba, kuzere-density uye nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzave muenzaniso kumaguta kuNorth America nekumhiri, sezvo vari kutsvaga kugadzirisa matambudziko kuguta uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze¹⁸.

Misimboti yeVancouverism yakagadziridzwa mumamiriro akasiyana siyana, aine madhigirii akasiyana ekubudirira. Maguta ekuNorth America neEurope akatarisa kune nzira dzeVancouver dzekuvandudza maguta senzira yekuedza kwavo kumutsiridza.¹⁹. Aya magadzirirwo akasimbisa kukosha kwekunyatsofunga nezvezvido zvenzvimbo, tsika, uye mamiriro enzvimbo pakuita mhinduro dzakafemerwa neVancouverism.

Mumwe muenzaniso unozivikanwa ndeyeCanada Line nekukurumidza transit system muVancouver, iyo yakapesvedzera maitiro ebudiriro enzvimbo dzakatenderedza²⁰. Nepo sisitimu iyi yakabudirira mukusimudzira budiriro yakanangana nekufambiswa, kushomeka kwenzvimbo dzakakosha padyo neExpo Line muEast Vancouver kunosimbisa kukosha kweimwe nzira yakadzama yekuronga maguta nekubatanidza zvekufambisa.

Sezvo Vancouverism inowana kutariswa kwepasirese, maguta kutenderera pasirese ari kutsvaga nzira dzekugadzirisa misimboti yayo yakakosha kumamiriro awo akasiyana. Kubva pakutaura kukwanisa kwekugara¹⁹ kubatanidza zvigadziriso zvekufambisa zvinogara zviripo²⁰, kugadziridzwa kweVancouverism kunoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvido zvenzvimbo uye kuda kuedza nemaitiro matsva ekugadzira maguta.

Pasinei nematambudziko, pesvedzero yepasi rose yeVancouverism hairambike¹⁸. Sezvo maguta achinetsana nekuoma kwekusimudzira maguta, modhi yeVancouver inoramba ichikurudzira nekutungamira varongi vemaguta nevagadziri mukutsvaga kwavo nharaunda dzinogara, dzakasimba, uye dzinosanganisirwa.

“Vancouverism yazova chiitiko chenyika yose, nenheyo dzayo dziri kugadziridzwa mumaguta kupota nyika. Chakakosha kuwana chiyero chakanaka pakati pekuchengetedza kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo uye kugamuchira hutsva hunopihwa neVancouverism. "

-Jane Jacobs, Urban Planner uye Activist

Sezvo nyika inotarisa kune ramangwana rekugadzirwa kwemadhorobha, iyo yekutanga modhi yeVancouverism inoramba ichishanduka uye kukurudzira. Iyi yakasarudzika nzira yekuronga guta, iyo yakashandura Vancouver kuita mutungamiri wepasi rose mu green architecture uye kubudirira kwakasimba, yakagadzirira kugadzirisa zvinetso zvezana remakore rechi21²¹.

Imwe nzira yakakosha inoumba ramangwana reVancouverism kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi hwegirini tekinoroji. Pakazosvika 2030, Vancouver yakanga yabudirira kufamba-famba peninsula yedhorobha, ichigadzira yakasarudzika dhizaini yemadhorobha.²¹. Shanduko yekushandiswa kwevhu yaisanganisira kushandurwa kwemabhiriji kuita mikoto yemabhazi evanofamba netsoka nemagetsi, aine mota dzinoburitsa zero, kudyara, uye rewilding²¹. Kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzeSquamish Nation kuita paki yechisikigo yakatenderedza dzimba dzekugara dzakapihwa simba negeothermal simba rakahwina mibairo yepasi rose yedhizaini.²¹. Aya matanho ekusimudzira ekusimudzira akaiswa kuti ave zviratidzo zve chizvarwa chinouya of kuronga maguta muVancouver nekumwe.

Pamwe chete nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, shanduko yehuwandu huri kuumbawo ramangwana reVancouverism. Mudunhu reGreater Vancouver mudunhu, chikamu chevakabva kune dzimwe nyika chaive 50.5%, zvichienzaniswa ne32.9% vekuCanada pakuzvarwa uye 16.6% vasiri vagari venguva dzose maererano necensus ya2011.²². Huwandu hwevanhu vakasiyana-siyana hwakapesvedzera nzvimbo yezvivakwa zveguta, neshongwe dzekugara dzakafemerwa neHong Kong uye magadzirirwo emhando yepodium ikava siginicha ye "Vancouverism" modhi.²².

Sezvo Vancouver iri kuramba ichishanduka, guta rakatarisana nedambudziko rekuenzanisa kukura nekusimba uye kugona. Zvigadziriso zvitsva, sekutora kukosha kwevhu kune mari Sustainable infrastructure, uye kudyidzana ne Marudzi Ekutanga munharaunda, ichave yakakosha mukugadzira chitsauko chinotevera cheVancouverism²¹. Nekugamuchira aya maitiro uye hunyanzvi, Vancouver inogona kusimbisa chinzvimbo chayo semutungamiri wepasi rose kuronga maguta uye modhi yemaguta anoshuvira kugadzira ine simba, inorarama, uye nharaunda dzakasimba.

"Vancouverism yave inozivikanwa pasi rose dhizaini yemadhorobha, naLarry Beasley, aimbova director wezvekuronga, achibvunza emir we Abu Dhabi."²³

Kutora chikamu kwenharaunda kwakakosha mukubudirira kweVancouverism, nzira yekugadzira madhorobha iyo yakawana mukurumbira pasi rose nekuda kwekuzvipira kwayo mukusimudzira budiriro uye nharaunda dzinogara.²⁴. Vagari muVancouver vane mikana yakawanda yekuita nematanho ekugadzira madhorobha uye kugadzirisa ramangwana renzvimbo dzavanogara.²⁴.

Kubva pakubvunza veruzhinji kusvika pakugadzira mabhodhi ekuongorora, Vancouverites vari kuita basa mukuronga²⁴. Kanzuru yeguta yakaratidza kuzvipira kwayo kuchengetedza chimiro cheguta, paine mikoridho inodarika makumi maviri nenomwe inodzivirira makomo nemvura.²⁴. Iyi nzira yekutora chikamu inovimbisa kuti dhizaini yemadhorobha inoratidza zvidikanwi nezvishuwo zvenharaunda uku vachitevedzera misimboti ye kusimudzira kwakasimba.

Maitiro eVancouver ekusimudzira maguta anokurudzira vagari kuti vabatane kuronga kwenzvimbo pezvakaitwa²⁴. Guta rinozivikanwa nekuve imwe yenzvimbo dzakaremerwa zvikuru dzekusimudzira muNorth America, iine shongwe dzemafurati dzinoitwa kuongororwa kwakaoma kwekombuta kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzevagari vepedyo.²⁴. Level iyi ye kubatana kwenharaunda yakabatsira kune yakasarudzika denga reguta, neshongwe-podium dhizaini maitiro uye nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa-kushandisa izvo zvakadzokororwa pasi rose²⁴.

Nekutora chikamu mukubvunzana neruzhinji, kushanda pamabhodhi ekuongorora dhizaini, uye nekushingaira kuumba zvirongwa zvevavakidzani, Vancouverites vanoita basa rakakosha mukuenderera mberi kwekushanduka kweguta ravo.²⁴. Iyi nzira yakadzika yekuronga maguta yakaita kuti Vancouverism ive modhi yekusimudzira, inotungamirwa nenharaunda iyo inogona kuchinjika uye kushandiswa mumaguta kutenderera pasirese.

Vancouverism inomiririra mupiro wakakosha kune kubudirira kwakasimba, ichipa modhi yekugadzira inogoneka, maguta ane vanhu vakawanda. Sezvo nzvimbo dzemadhorobha pasirese dzakatarisana nematambudziko ekukura, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye kuenzana munharaunda, misimboti yeVancouverism inopa ruzivo rwakakosha.²⁵. Sekureva kwe census ya2011, mudunhu reGreater Vancouver mudunhu ("Metro Vancouver"), 50.5% yevagari vaive vabvakure, ne62.1% ndeve "vadiki vanooneka"²⁵. Panyaya yemamiriro emadzinza, 41.4% yevabvakure muVancouver vakabva kuChina, uye 10.6% vaibva kuSouth Korea, zvichiratidza kuvepo kwakanyanya kwevatorwa vekuAsia.²⁵.

Iko kuenderera mberi kwekushanduka kweiyi nzira, kusanganisira kuchinjika kumamiriro enzvimbo uye kuisirwa matekinoroji matsva, icharamba ichiumba ramangwana re kuronga maguta nekugadzira, zvichikurudzira kuchengetedza nguva uye maguta akasimba pasi pose²⁵. Hong Kong vabvakure, vanonyanya kushingaira mukugadzirisa Vancouver, vakawana mafungu ekuenda kuguta nekuda kwezviitiko zvakaita sekupinda muna 1966 kweRed Guards muMacau, 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, 1989 Tiananmen Square zviitiko, uye 1997 kupihwa kweHong. Kong kuenda kuChina²⁵. Kuchinja kwemadhorobha kweVancouver muna 1991 kuenda kubudiriro yemadhorobha kwakatungamira kune kuvaka emakondomu marefu, aine tarisiro yekuwedzera kuwanda kwevanhu mukati medhorobha kurwisa kupararira kwemaguta.²⁵.

Sezvo maguta pasi rese anoyedza kugadzira zvimwe maguta anogarika, misimboti uye zvidzidzo kubva kuVancouverism zvinopa nzira inovimbisa kumberi. Kubatanidza kusimudzira kwepamusoro-density nedhizaini yakadzikama, pesvedzero isingaperi yeVancouverism icharamba ichigadzira ramangwana renzvimbo dzemadhorobha, kusimudzira nharaunda dzinokoshesa zvakatipoteredza uye dzinosanganisira nharaunda.²⁵. Boka reLi Ka-Shing's real estate rakaita basa rakakosha mukuunza kunze zvitaera zvekuvaka uye zvemadhorobha kubva kuHong Kong kuenda kuVancouver, zvichibatsira mudzimba dzakashongana uye dzimba dzepamusoro.²⁵. Vancouverism, yakagadzirwa naTrevor Boddy, inomiririra musanganiswa wemudhorobha modhi inosanganisa pesvedzero kubva kuNew York neHong Kong, inoratidzwa nemapodium anoyeuchidza New York brownstones uye slimline shongwe dzakafemerwa nekusimuka kweHong Kong, zvichikonzera kurongeka kwedhorobha muVancouver.²⁵.

1. Vancouverism - https://www.ubcpress.ca/vancouverism
2. Vancouverism | Zvidzidzo zveBC - https://bcstudies.com/book_film_review/vancouverism/
3. Vancouverism - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouverism
4. 2018 Urban Leaders Chirongwa Pfupiso - The Urban Vision - https://theurbanvision.com/index.php/2018/09/12/vancouver-urbanism-innovations-2018-leaders-program-summary/
5. Kuronga kwemaguta, kugadzika nzvimbo, uye budiriro - https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/planning-zoning-development.aspx
6. PDF - https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/114514/9/114514.pdf
7. Hutungamiri hwemadhorobha dhizaini: chikamu chekutanga, masitayipi ehutungamiriri - URBAN DESIGN International - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41289-024-00251-6
8. chikamu 1, masitayipi ehutungamiriri - https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/9JxyQaA4/
9. Ongororo yeBhuku: Vancouverism - Spacing Vancouver - https://spacing.ca/vancouver/2019/05/14/book-review-vancouverism/
10. Vancouver House neBIG Architects: Sustainable Urban Design - https://archeyes.com/vancouver-house-by-big-architects-sustainable-urban-design-architectural-innovation/
11. Vancouverism: New Westcoast Architecture uye Guta-Kuvaka - Canadian Cultural Center - Paris - https://canada-culture.org/en/event/vancouverism-new-westcoast-architecture-and-city-buildingvancouverism-larchitectre-et-lurbanisme-de-la-cote-ouestprolongation/
12. Vancouverism: Kubudirira Kwemaguta? Kana Kuti Recipe Yenjodzi? - https://medium.com/@uoft.isabel.thompson/vancouverism-urban-success-or-a-recipe-for-corruption-1a5869b44f4d
13. Iyo Genius yeVancouverism - https://benjaminschneider.substack.com/p/the-genius-of-vancouverism
14. Sei 'Vancouverism' Yave Yakaoma Kutengesa muCanada? - https://www.planetizen.com/node/60904
15. Vancouver's West End Matambudziko Mafungiro Nezve Kuenderana - https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2018/8/21/vancouvers-west-end-challenges-assumptions-about-compatibility
16. Tinogona Kuve NezveDzimwe Dzimba uye Yakanaka Urban Fomu - https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2023/3/31/we-can-have-both-more-housing-and-good-urban-form
17. PDF - https://www.lincolninst.edu/app/uploads/legacy-files/pubfiles/2019_descriptive_negotiated_value_lvc_vancouver_lamontagne.pdf
18. Vancouverism | Hurukuro dzeguta - https://www.sfu.ca/publicsquare/events/2019/vancouverism.html
19. Gakava repamusoro reVancouver rinokanganisa Sullivanism kupesana nemafungiro aJane Jacobs - https://www.straight.com/news/vancouvers-density-debate-pits-sullivanism-versus-ideas-jane-jacobs
20. Cambie Corridor zvirongwa zvinoisa Vancouverism pabvunzo - https://stephenrees.blog/2012/01/05/cambie-corridor-plans-puts-vancouverism-to-the-test/
21. Vancouver 2030 - makore gumi ekutsanangura patsva Vancouverism - https://medium.com/@future_cities/vancouver-2030-a-decade-to-redefine-vancouverism-50f1b6db8b76
22. Vancouverism: hybridization uye kupararira kwemuenzaniso wemadhorobha - https://metropolitiques.eu/vancouverism-hybridisation-and.html
23. Iyo dhizaini yeVancouverism - https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2008/jun/27/thearchitectureofvancouveri
24. Iyo Vancouver Yakazvigadzira pachayo - https://urbanland.uli.org/planning-design/how-vancouver-invented-itself
25. Vancouverism: hybridization uye kupararira kwemuenzaniso wemadhorobha - https://metropolitics.org/Vancouverism-hybridisation-and.html