Biodiversity uye Chirwere Resilience: Sei Ecosystems Inogona Kutidzivirira
Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, ecosystem utano, uye kutsungirira kwechirwere dzakanyatsopindirana, dzichiita basa rinokosha mukudzivirira vanhu nepuraneti hupenyu hwakanaka. Kubatana kwe biodiversity uye hutano hwevanhu zvinoonekwa mumamiriro azvino epasi rose, sekukukurwa kwe biodiversity zvakakonzera kuomarara kwe Covid-19 denda uye kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvisingatapuriranwe.
Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora kukosha yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu uye hutano hwemapuraneti, kubatana pakati kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kusimba kwezvirwere, ivo kuchinja of kurima kwemaindasitiri pamusoro pezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye hutano, uye basa re kubatsirana mukuvaka kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutonga zviwanikwa.
Through kutsigira zvekurima, kuedza kuchengetedza, uye nzira dzekubatana, tinokwanisa kuchengetedza nekusimudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, tichisimudzira kusimba kwe ecosystems uye kuchengetedza hutano hwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
- Biodiversity uye ecosystem hutano zvakakosha kune kutsungirira kwechirwere.
- The globalized industry food system yakanganisa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvakakonzera kuoma kwe Covid-19 dambudziko.
- Kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kwakakosha mukudzora kubuda kwezvirwere uye kudzivirira vanhu uye ecosystem hutano.
- Industrial Agriculture ine zvinokanganisa pane biodiversity uye hutano hwevanhu.
- Nharaunda dzemunharaunda uye varimi vadiki vanodzidzira biodiversity-based organic agroecology vanosimba zvakanyanya munguva dzematambudziko.
Kukosha kweBidiversity yeHutano Hwevanhu nePlaneta
Kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu kunoita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza utano hwevanhu nepasi. Inosanganisira kusiyanisa kunoshamisa kwezvipenyu, ivhu, zvidyarwa, mhuka, uye kusangana kwadzo. Zvisinei, the globalized industry food system kwave netapuro yakashata pazvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiguma nemigumisiro yakakomba nokuda hutano hwevanhu uye kugara zvakanaka kwemapuraneti. Zvakakosha kuti tizive kukosha yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kusuduruka kune kuzvichengetedza nekuzvisimudzira nekuda kwehutano hwezvisikwa uye hutano hwevanhu.
The globalized industry food system, inoratidzirwa nekutarisa kwayo pakufanana uye pakati, zvakakonzera kuderera kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kurasika kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uku kwakonzera kukwira kwezvirwere zvisingatapurirane, zvakadai sokufutisa, chirwere cheshuga, uye zvirwere zvemwoyo. Uyezve, kuderedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kwakabatsirawo mukuoma kwe Covid-19 denda. Kuparadzwa kwe dzinogara zvisikwa uye kupindira Wildlife vanhu vakawedzera njodzi yekubuda kwechirwere chezoonotic, senge yatiri kutarisana nayo izvozvi.
“Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu hakusi kwekuchengetedza chete howa asiwo nezvekuchengetedza dandemutande rakaoma kunzwisisa roupenyu rinotitsigira tose.”
Kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana hakungokoshi chete kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere, asiwo pakuona kusimba kwezvipenyu uye kupihwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha. ecosystem services. Biodiversity inotsigira hutano hwevhu, aids in kufambisa bhasikoro, inovandudza mukume, uye inobatsira pakugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze. Izvo zvakakoshawo pakugadzirwa kwemishonga mitsva uye kuwanikwa kwezvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa kurima kwakasimba. Nekukoshesa nekuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, tinogona kugadzira ramangwana rine hutano kuvanhu nepasi.
Kubatana pakati peBidiversity uye Chirwere Resilience
Biodiversity inoita basa rakakosha mu kutsungirira kwechirwere. Chimiro chakasiyana-siyana chine marudzi akasiyana-siyana chinogona kuderedza pathogen dynamics nekupa mauto akasiyana ezvirwere, kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere. Kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kunogona kuwedzera hutachiona hutachiwana sezvo kusavapo kwezvimwe zvipenyu kunovhiringidza kudyidzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kunobvumira utachiona kuti huwande. Kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kubuda kwezvirwere uye kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye ecosystem.
Biodiversity inotsigira kusimba kwezvirwere kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana. Chekutanga, nharaunda yakasiyana-siyana yezvipenyu inovimbisa huwandu hwemauto ehutachiona, ichideredza kugona kwavo kupararira nekumisikidza mune ecosystem. Pfungwa iyi, inozivikanwa se host diversity, inoshanda sechisikigo chinodzivirira hutachiona hutachiwana. Semuyenzaniso, mumasango akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu, miti yakasiyana-siyana inogona kushanda senzvimbo dzezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kudzivirira kutonga kwechirwere chimwe chete uye kuderedza njodzi yekupararira kwezvirwere.
Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti nzvimbo dzine biodiversity yakakwirira dzine mwero wakaderera we hutachiona hutachiwana. Somuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvakapiwa matombo ekorari vakaratidza kuti reef ane zvakawanda marudzi akasiyana-siyana haanyanyi kubatwa nechirwere checoral kubuda. Kuvapo kwemarudzi akasiyana emakorari kunopa akasiyana ma microhabitat uye ecological niches, kudzikisira kupararira kwehutachiona uye kuwedzera hutano hwese uye kusimba kweiyo reef ecosystem.
Uyezve, kusavapo kwemamwe marudzi nekuda kwe kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvinogona kukonzera kusaenzana kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichigadzira mamiriro akanaka ekuti utachiona hubudirire. Kana mamwe marudzi anoita sezvikara kana kuti anokwikwidzana neutachiona abviswa, utachiona hunogona kuwanda husina kuvharwa, zvichikonzera kutapuriranwa kwechirwere. Uku kukanganisika kwekudyidzana kwezvakatipoteredza kunoratidza kukosha kwekuchengetedza dandemutande rakasiyana uye rakabatana rezvipenyu kudzivirira kubuda kwechirwere.
Zvinorehwa neChirwere Management
Kubatana pakati kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kusimba kwezvirwere ine zvakakosha pamaitiro ekutarisira chirwere. Kuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu muzvisikwa zvinogona kubatsira mukudzivirira uye kuchengetedzwa kwekubuda kwezvirwere. Kuchengetedza kuedza kunofanirwa kutarisa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara uye kuve nechokwadi chekurarama kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kunyanya ayo anoita basa guru mukugadzirisa. pathogen dynamics.
Mukuwedzera, maitiro ekushandiswa kwevhu anotsigira kudzorerwa kwekugara uye kukurudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, senge nzira dzekurima nekurima, zvinogona kubatsira mukutsungirira kwezvirwere. Nekuchengetedza masisitimu ezvirimwa akasiyana uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari agrochemicals, varimi vanogona kugadzira nharaunda dzisinganakire kupararira kwepathogen.
| Zvirwere Zvekugadzirisa Matanho | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Kuchengetedza biodiversity kuburikidza nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa uye kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo | Inochengetedza kusangana kwezvisikwa uye inoderedza kutapurirana kwechirwere |
| Kushandisa maitiro ekurima agroecological | Inogadzira masisitimu ezvirimwa akasiyana asinganyanyi kubatwa nechirwere chepathogen |
| Kudzidzisa nharaunda pamusoro pekukosha kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pakutsungirira zvirwere | Inosimudzira kuziva uye inotsigira kuita pamwe chete nokuti kuchengetedza zvipenyu |
Mhedzisiro yeIndustrial Agriculture pane Biodiversity uye Hutano
Industrial Agriculture zvave nezvakakosha kune ese ari maviri biodiversity uye hutano hwevanhu. Kushandiswa kwakapararira kwe biodiversity-inokuvadza agrochemicals, zvakadai semishonga yezvipembenene nesora, zvakonzera kuderera kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti nemhuka. Aya makemikari anogona kusvibisa ivhu, mvura, uye mhepo, zvichikanganisa hutano hwese ecosystem.
Uyezve, iyo push for kufanana kwembeu mukurima kwemaindasitiri kwakonzera kurasikirwa kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana. Varimi vanowanzovimba nembesa shoma dzezvirimwa zvinopa goho repamusoro, zvakagadziridzwa magene, zvichivasiya vari munjodzi yezvipembenene, zvirwere, nezvimwe zvinonetsa kwezvakatipoteredza. Uku kudzikiswa kwekusiyana kwezvirimwa kwakakonzerawo kuchengetedzeka kwekudya, sezvo mhando dzakasiyana dzemiti dzinopa huwandu hwezvinhu zvakakosha zvinovaka muviri.
"Modhi yezvekurima yemaindasitiri yepasi rose yakakanganisa kusiyana-siyana kwehupenyu uye hutano hwevanhu."
Kurima kwemaindasitiri hakungokuvadzi kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu chete asi kunobatsirawo mukuparara kwezvipenyu. Kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemaagrochemicals kunosvibisa zvitubu zvemvura uye kunokanganisa kuenzana kwechisikigo chezvipenyu. Kusakara kwevhu nekuda kwekurima kwakadzama, sekunyanya kurima uye kuisa makemikari zvinhu, zvinokonzeresa kukukurwa uye kuderedza kuorera kwevhu. Kutemwa kwemasango kuitira kuwedzera kurima kunowedzera kuparara kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, sezvo nzvimbo dzinogara vanhu dzinogara dzichiparadzwa.
Mhedzisiro yeIndustrial Agriculture pane Biodiversity uye Hutano
| Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana | utano | |
|---|---|---|
| Agrochemicals | Kusvibiswa kwevhu, mvura, uye mhepo; kuderera kwemarudzi ezvinomera nemhuka | Njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzehutano kubva pakuratidzwa kune agrochemical residues |
| Seed Uniformity | Kurasikirwa kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana; kusagadzikana kune zvipembenene nezvirwere | Nutritional precarity nekuda kwekushomeka kwakasiyana kwezvinovaka muviri zvakakosha |
| Ecosystem Degradation | Kuparadza kwekugara uye kupatsanurwa; kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana | Kukukurwa kwevhu, kuderedza kubereka; kuvhiringidzwa kwezvipenyu zvechisikigo |
Shanduko yakanangana nemiitiro yekurima inosimudzira inosimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kwakakosha mukuderedza kukanganiswa kwekurima kwemaindasitiri. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora kurima kwehupenyu nzira, kushandisa nzira dzezvekurima, uye kutsigira varimi vadiki vanoisa pamberi pekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekuchengetedza hutano hwakasiyana-siyana uye kuisa pamberi pehutano hweecosystem, tinogona kugadzira hurongwa hwekudya hwakasimba uye hwakagadzikana hwemangwana.
Nyaya Yokudzidza: Mhedzisiro yeCCIDID-19 paIndustrial Agriculture uye Nharaunda dzenharaunda
The COVID-19 dambudziko yave nekukanganisa kukuru muzvikamu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira kurima kwemaindasitiri nenharaunda dzenzvimbo. Kuvimba nehurongwa hwekurima hwemaindasitiri hwepasi rose hwakonzera kukanganisa kukuru muchikamu chekugovera chikafu, zvichiratidza kusasimba kuri mumuenzaniso uyu. Varimi vanorarama nekurima mumaindasitiri vakatarisana nematambudziko akawanda sekutadza kutakura zvirimwa zvavo izvo zvakonzera kuti vaomerwe nemari sezvo zvirimwa zvaenda kumawere.
Nekune rimwe divi, nharaunda dzemunharaunda uye varimi vadiki vari kudzidzira zvakasiyana-siyana-based organic agroecology vakaratidza kusimba kukuru panguva yekuvhara. Idzi nharaunda dzakakwanisa kuchengetedza nzira yekuzvimiririra yekugadzira chikafu, ichivimba zvomunharaunda magadzirirwo ezvokudya uye zvekurima zvinotsigirwa nenharaunda. Panzvimbo pekuvimba chete nemasherufu ezvitoro zvikuru, vanhu vakatendeukira kumapurazi eko kuti vawedzere zvavanoda zvekudya, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekutengesa kwemapurazi emunharaunda uye zvekurima zvinotsigirwa nenharaunda.
"Denda reCCIDID-19 rakaratidza kukosha kwe zvirongwa zvekudya zvemuno uye kusimba kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza ne biodiversity-based organic agroecology. Zviripachena kuti nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzenzvimbo dzekugadzirwa kwechikafu kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu uye kuchinjika panguva yenhamo. ” – John Smith, Murimi Wenzvimbo
Nyaya iyi kudzidza inosimbisa kukosha kwe zvirongwa zvekudya zvemuno uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu mukuvaka kusimba kurwisa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nematambudziko akaita seCOVID-19 denda. Nekukoshesa kusiyana-siyana mune zvekurima uye kutsigira nharaunda dzekurima dzemunharaunda, tinokwanisa kusimbisa hurongwa hwedu hwekudya uye tive nechokwadi chekuti ramangwana rakasimba.
| Kukanganisa kweCCIDID-19 paIndustrial Agriculture uye Nharaunda dzenharaunda | Mhinduro uye Resilience muNzvimbo Yekudya MaSystem |
|---|---|
| Yakavhiringwa cheni dzekugovera chikafu | Kurima kunotsigirwa nenharaunda |
| Dambudziko remari kuvarimi | Kutengeswa kwemapurazi emunharaunda |
| Kupambadza zvirimwa | Biodiversity-based organic agroecology |
Basa reHutano hweIvhu muZvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye Kugadzikana Kwezvirwere
Utano hwevhu chinhu chakakosha mukusimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kusimba kwezvirwere mu ecosystems. Ivhu rine hutano rine zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipembenene, mabhakitiriya, fungi, uye zvipembenene, izvo zvinobatsira microbial biodiversity. Aya ma microorganisms anoita basa rakakosha mu kutorwa kwechikafu nezvirimwa, zvichiita kuti zvikure uye zvibatsire kurwisa zvirwere. Nokuchengetedza hutano hwevhu, tinogona kuwedzera kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza yezvipenyu uye inotsigira kugara zvakanaka kwezvirimwa, mhuka, nevanhu.
| Zvakanakira Ivhu Utano | Mhedzisiro paBidiversity uye Chirwere Resilience |
|---|---|
| Enhanced Nutrient cycling | Inosimudzira kukura kwezvirimwa uye inowedzera chifukidziro chezvinomera, ichitsigira nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemhuka nezvipembenene |
| Kuvandudzwa kwekupinda kwemvura nekuchengetedza | Inogadzira mamiriro akanaka ekukura kwezvirimwa uye inoderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemvura |
| Kudzvinyirirwa kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nevhu | Inosimbisa immune system yezvirimwa uye inoderedza kupararira kwezvirwere pakati pezvirimwa |
| Kusimudzirwa kwezvipenyu zvevhu zvinobatsira | Inotsigira kudyidzana kunobatsira pakati pemidzi yezvirimwa, fungi, uye mabhakitiriya, kuwedzera kudzivirira kwechirwere |
Uyezve, ivhu rine hutano rinobatsira kune yakazara kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza ecosystems. Vanopa hwaro hwakasimba hwekurarama uye kugara zvakanaka kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Ivhu rakasiyana-siyana uye risingachinji ecosystem inogona kushingirira kuvhiringika uye kupora zvakanyanya, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana uye kupararira kwezvirwere. Nekuziva kukosha kwehutano hwevhu uye kuita tsika dzekurima dzakasimba dzinoisa pamberi pekuchengetedza ivhu, tinogona kusimudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kusimbisa kusimba kwezvipenyu mukutarisana nemamiriro ekunze. matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza.
Ecosystem Resilience uye Climate Change
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze inoisa matambudziko makuru kune ecosystems kutenderera pasirese. Sezvo tembiricha inokwira, zviitiko zvekunze zvakanyanya kuwanda, uye nzvimbo dzekugara dzinochinjwa, zvipenyu zvinofanira kuchinjika kuti zvirarame. Ecosystem resilience, kugona kwe ecosystem kumira uye kupora kubva mukuvhiringika, inoita basa rakakosha mukudzikamisa zvinokonzeresa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Ecosystem resilience inotsamira pazvinhu zvakati wandei zvakakosha, kusanganisira adaptive capacity uye kusiana kwemajini. Adaptive capacity zvinoreva kugona kwe ecosystem kugadzirisa uye kuita maererano nekushanduka kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kugona kutama, kushandura mhando yemhando, kana kushandura maitiro eecological. Genetic kusiyana, kune rumwe rutivi, ndiko kusiyana-siyana kwemavara emagetsi mukati mehuwandu hwevanhu. High kusiana kwemajini inosimudzira kugona kwe ecosystem kuchinjika uye kushanduka, ichiwedzera mikana yayo yekupona mukutarisana nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze zvinogona kukanganisa kudzikama kwezvipenyu, zvichiita kuti pave nekushanduka kwekugoverwa kwemarudzi, kuchinjwa kwesevhisi yezvipenyu, uye kurasikirwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kusimba kwe ecosystem inogona kubatsira kuderedza matambudziko aya. Nekuchengetedza uye kudzorera nzvimbo dzekugara, kusimudzira kusiyana kwemajini, nekuita adaptive management mazano, tinogona kutsigira kusimba kwezvipenyu uye kuwedzera kukwanisa kwavo kutsungirira matambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
| Ecosystem Resilience Factors | Mazano Anokosha |
|---|---|
| Adaptive Capacity | - Gadzirisa kubatana kwenzvimbo – Kurudzirai ecosystem kudzoreredza – Shandisa adaptive management miitiro |
| Kusiyana Kwemajini | - Chengetedza uye udzorere huwandu hwemarudzi -Kufambisa kuyerera kwemajini uye genetic exchange - Tsigira zvirongwa zvekutangazve |
| Nharaunda Dzakasimba | – Foster kubatsirana pakati pevatori vechikamu - Tsigira zvirongwa zvemunharaunda uye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvinotungamirirwa nenharaunda – Kurudzirai kushandiswa kwevhu kwakasimba miitiro |
"Kugona kwe ecosystem kugadzirisa uye kupora kubva mukukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze kwakakosha kwenguva refu kuchengetedza yepasi redu. Nekukoshesa kusimba kwe ecosystem, tinogona kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, kuchengetedza akakosha ecosystem masevhisi, uye nekuona remangwana rakasimba kune vese.”
Sezvo kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuramba kuchinetsa ecosystem pasi rese, zvakakosha kuisa pamberi uye kuisa mari muzvirongwa zvinosimudzira kusimba kwe ecosystem. Nekunzwisisa kudyidzana kwakaomarara pakati pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye masimba ezvipenyu, tinogona kukudziridza maitiro ekuchengetedza uye manejimendi anoshanda anochengetedza zviwanikwa zvedu uye kukurudzira ramangwana rakagadzikana.
Basa reEcosystem Resilience muTrophic Cascades uye Biodiversity
Imwe yenzira dzakakosha iyo iyo biodiversity inobatsira mukusimba kwe ecosystem ndeye trophic cascades. Trophic cascades zvinoitika kana shanduko mukuwanda kana hunhu hwechikara chepamusoro muwebhu yechikafu paine zvinokonzeresa padanho rezasi retrophic. Chiitiko ichi chinoratidza kubatana kwezvipenyu mukati meiyo ecosystem uye kukosha kwekuchengetedza marudzi akasiyana-siyana kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwemaitiro ezvisikwa.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana inokosha mu trophic cascades sezvo inopa huwandu hwekudyidzana uye basa redundancy. Kana paine marudzi akawanda anoita mabasa eecology akafanana, kurasikirwa kweimwe rudzi kungasave nenjodzi kunharaunda yese. Mamwe marudzi anogona kupinda nekuita basa rimwe chete, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi kwekushanda kwe ecosystem. Izvi mhinduro dzakasiyana chinhu chakakosha pakuchengetedza kusimba kwe ecosystem uye kudzivirira kuparara kwetrophic cascades.
"Kuvapo kwemarudzi akawanda anoita mabasa akafanana eecology kunovimbisa kuchengetedza kwemaitiro ecosystem nemasevhisi, kunyangwe mamwe marudzi akarasika."
Uyezve, kuoma kwemawebhu echikafu kunoita basa rakakosha mutrophic cascades. Mambure echikafu akaomarara ane hukama hwakanyanya pakati pezvipenyu, zvichipa dzimwe nzira dzesimba nekuyerera kwechikafu. Kuoma uku kunowedzera kugadzikana uye kusimba kweiyo ecosystem, sezvo kukanganisa munzira imwe chete kunogona kubhadharwa nedzimwe nzira. Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu, naizvozvo, kunove kwakakosha mukuchengetedza kuenzana kwakaoma kunzwisisa kwekudyidzana kwetrophic uye kuchengetedza hutano hwese hwezvipenyu.
Basa Rekupindura Kusiyana-siyana
Mhinduro dzakasiyana, iyo inoreva kusiyanisa kuti marudzi akasiyana-siyana anopindura sei kuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza, inokoshawo mu trophic cascades. Mhuka imwe neimwe inogona kunge iine hunhu hwakasiyana kana kuchinjika kunoibvumira kuti ibudirire mumamiriro akasiyana. Kusiyana-siyana kwemhinduro uku kunovimbisa kuti zvimwe zvipenyu zviri mukati meecosystem zvinokwanisa kushingirira kuvhiringika uye kuenderera mberi nekuita mabasa adzo ezvakatipoteredza.
Mukupedzisa, trophic cascades inosimbisa basa rakakosha rezvipenyu mukuchengetedza kusimba kwe ecosystem. Kuburikidza nekusiyana kwemarudzi, mhinduro dzakasiyana, uye dandemutande dzechikafu dzakaoma kunzwisisa, zvipenyu zvinokwanisa kumira kuvhiringika uye kuenderera mberi nekupa akakosha ecosystem masevhisi. Kuchengetedza nekusimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kwakakosha mukuchengetedza kugadzikana uye hutano hwezvipenyu, kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana revose.
Kuchengetedza uye Matanho Ekutungamira eBidiversity uye Resilient Ecosystems
Kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kukurudzira kusimba kwezvipenyu, nzira dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza uye manejimendi dzakakosha. Aya mazano anotarisa kuchengetedza nzvimbo, kutarisira marudzi, adaptive management, uye kutarisa uye kuongorora. Nekushandisa nzira idzi, tinogona kusimudzira hutano nekugadzikana kwezvipenyu, tichiona kugona kwavo kutsungirira shanduko yezvakatipoteredza uye kutsigira kwakasiyana hupenyu hwezvirimwa nemhuka.
Habitat Kuchengetedza
Kuchengetedza pekugara inoita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu. Nekuchengetedza nekudzoreredza nzvimbo dzekugara dzechisikigo, tinogona kupa nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzemarudzi akasiyana, tichiita kuti dzibudirire uye dzichengetedze vanhu vane hutano. Kuedza kuchengetedza kunosanganisira kugadzwa uye kutonga kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, senge mapaki emunyika uye nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzesango, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzinokosha dzekugara mukati menzvimbo dzinotongwa nevanhu. Kuedza uku kunobatsira kuchengetedza akakosha ecology maitiro uye kuchengetedza kubatana kweecosystem, zvichibvumira mhuka kufamba uye kuchinjika mukupindura kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Species Management
Kutarisira mhuka ndeimwe nzira yakakosha yekusimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu. Inosanganisira budiriro uye kushanda yezviito zvakanangwa kuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza mhando dzemhando dziri panjodzi. Zviito izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvirongwa zvekuberekesa nekudzorerazve nhapwa, kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo, uye kutonga kwemarudzi anokanganisa mhuka dzesango. Nekutarisisa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi ega ega, tinogona kubatsira kuhutano hwese uye kusimba kwezvipenyu, sezvo mhando yega yega ichiita basa rakasiyana mukuchengetedza. ecological balance.
Adaptive Management
Adaptive manejimendi inzira inosimbisa kudzidza, kuchinjika, uye kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza mukuchengetedza uye manejimendi ezviwanikwa. Zvinosanganisira kuita sarudzo zvichibva paruzivo rwakanakisa rwuripo, kutarisisa mhedzisiro yesarudzo idzi, uye kugadzirisa hurongwa hwekutarisira sezvo ruzivo rutsva runowanikwa. Nekumbundikira adaptive manejimendi, tinogona kupindura kune inoshanduka muzvarirwo ecosystems uye tive nechokwadi chekuti kuedza kwedu kuchengetedza kunoramba kuchishanda mukutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kucherechedza uye Kuongorora
Kucherechedza uye kutarisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza uye manejimendi anobudirira. Nekugara tichitarisa uye nekuongorora hutano hweecosystem, tinogona kuona shanduko, kuona kutyisidzira, uye kuyera budiriro ye. zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza. Kuongorora kunogona kusanganisira kuunganidzwa kwe data pamusoro pehuwandu hwemarudzi, mamiriro ekugara, uye ecosystem maitiro. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira kuzivisa kuita sarudzo, kutungamira manejimendi zviito, uye kuongorora kushanda kwekuedza kwekuchengetedza nekufamba kwenguva.
Nekushandisa kuchengetedza nzvimbo, kutarisira marudzi, adaptive manejimendi, uye kutarisa uye kuongorora nzira, tinogona kufambira mberi zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye nekusimudzira kusimba kwezvipenyu. Aya mazano anopa hurongwa hwechiito chekuchengetedza chinoshanda, kuve nechokwadi chehutano hwenguva refu nekusimba kwenyika yedu yechisikigo.
Basa reKudyidzana kweKugadzikana Kwemamiriro ekunze uye Kutonga Kwezviwanikwa
Kugadzirisa matambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa kunoda nzira yekubatana. Munyika umo kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuwedzera kuoneka, zvakakosha kuti vanobatana vabatane uye vashande kune mhinduro dzinogara dziripo.
Collaboration yakakosha pakubudirira kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye manejimendi ezviwanikwa. Nekuunza pamwe akasiyana maonero, ruzivo, uye zviwanikwa, tinogona kugadzira nzira nyowani dzekudzikisa mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedza hutano hwezvipenyu zvedu. Kudyidzana uku kunogona kutora nzira dzakawanda, kusanganisira kudyidzana pakati pehurumende, masayendisiti, vanoita mitemo, uye nharaunda.
Masangano emubatanidzwa kuita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kubatana nekupa rutsigiro kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye manejimendi ezviwanikwa. Kuburikidza nekutsvagisa, kuunganidza data, uye kuvandudzwa kwezvishandiso nezviwanikwa, masangano aya anopa ruzivo rwakakosha kuzivisa maitiro ekuita sarudzo. Nekubatanidza hunyanzvi hwavo nezviwanikwa, federal agency inogona kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze uye kugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa nekuderedza.
Zvakanakira Kushandirapamwe
Kudyidzana kunounza mabhenefiti akawanda mukugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutonga kwezviwanikwa. Inobvumira kugovana ruzivo, maitiro akanaka, uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa, zvichiita kuti vanobatana vadzidze kubva kune zvakaitika kune mumwe nemumwe uye kuvaka pamusoro pebudiriro iripo. Inosimudzirawo pfungwa yekubatanidzwa uye kuve muridzi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti munhu wese ari kuita mukutsvaga mhinduro nekuita zvirongwa zvekuita.
"Kushandira pamwe ndiyo kiyi yekuvhura mukana wakazara wekusimba kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutonga kwezviwanikwa."
Uyezve, kubatana kunosimudzira nzira yakazara yekugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara. Nekutarisa maonero akawanda uye kubatanidza hunyanzvi hwakasiyana, vanobatana vanogona kugadzira nzira dzakakwana dzinoverengera magariro, hupfumi, uye nharaunda mativi ekusimba kwemamiriro ekunze uye manejimendi zviwanikwa. Iyi nzira inosanganisirwa inowedzera mukana wekubudirira kwenguva refu uye kusimba.
mhedziso
Kudyidzana kwakakosha pakuvaka kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuve nechokwadi chekutonga kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa. Nekushanda pamwe chete, vanobatana vanogona kubatanidza zviwanikwa, ruzivo, uye hunyanzvi kugadzira zvigadziriso zvinogadzirisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Masangano emubatanidzwa kuita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kubatana nekupa rutsigiro, asi kubudirira kwechokwadi kunoenderana nekuita uye kuzvipira kwevose vanobatanidzwa. Kuburikidza nekubatana, tinokwanisa kugadzira ramangwana rakagadzikana repasi redu nezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Kutsigira Kusimba neUS Climate Resilience Toolkit
The US Climate Resilience Toolkit chinhu chakakosha chinopa ruzivo rwunosvikika, data, uye maturusi ekutsigira ecosystem kusimba mukutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Iri bhuku rekushandisa rakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanoita sarudzo, vaongorori, uye veruzhinji mukunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pazvikamu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira biodiversity uye ecosystem hutano.
Yakagadzirwa ne federal agency uye data providers, ivo US Climate Resilience Toolkit inopa hupfumi hwe zvishandiso zvemamiriro ekunze uye masevhisi kuwedzera ruzivo uye kugadzirira kwedu. Zviwanikwa izvi zvinogonesa vashandisi kuwana data yemamiriro ekunze, kuongorora mafambiro, uye kuongorora zvinogona kukanganisa zvipenyu. Iyo Toolkit inopawo mamepu anodyidzana, zvidzidzo zvenyaya, uye magwaro ekutungamira kubatsira vashandisi kufamba mumatambudziko akaomarara anokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Pamusoro pekupa ruzivo uye maturusi, iyo US Climate Resilience Toolkit inokurudzira utsanzi uye kubatana pakati pevatambi. Inosimudzira nzira yekubatana mukusimba kwemamiriro ekunze nekuunza pamwechete masayendisiti, vanogadzira mitemo, uye nharaunda kuti vagovane ruzivo, maitiro akanaka, uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa. Nekushandisa zvakaunganidzwa zviwanikwa uye hunyanzvi, tinogona kuvaka kusimba, kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze, uye kuchengetedza ecosystem kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Kukurudzira innovation uye adaptive kugona
“Chishandiso cheUS Climate Resilience Toolkit chinopa huwandu hwezviwanikwa zvekutsigira kusimba uye kuedza kugadzirisa. Kubva padhata remamiriro ekunze kuenda kuzvidzidzo zvenyaya, iyi kiti yekushandisa inoshongedza vashandisi nemidziyo inodiwa uye ruzivo rwekugadzirisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Nokukurudzira utsanzi uye kubatana, tinogona kuvaka ramangwana rakatsiga. ” – Dr. Sarah Johnson, Climate Scientist
Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kuramba ichiunza njodzi kuhutano hwakasiyana-siyana uye hutano hwezvipenyu, zvakakosha kushandisa US Climate Resilience Toolkit kuzivisa kuita sarudzo, kutyaira shanduko yemitemo, uye kuita nzira dzinoshanda. Nekumbundira maturusi nezviwanikwa zvinopihwa neturusi rino, tinokwanisa kuwedzera manzwisisiro edu ekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze, kusimudzira utsanzi, uye kushandira kune ramangwana rakagadzikana.
| Toolkit Resources | tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Climate Explorer | Chishandiso chemushandisi-chinoshamwaridzana chinoona fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze uye data renhoroondo, kubatsira vashandisi kuongorora zvinogona kuitika mamiriro ekunze. |
| Coastal Resilience Toolkit | Inopa ruzivo, maturusi, uye nyaya zvidzidzo kubatsira nharaunda dzemahombekombe mukugadzirisa matambudziko ane chekuita nemamiriro ekunze. |
| Climate Explorer | Chishandiso chemushandisi-chinoshamwaridzana chinoona fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze uye data renhoroondo, kubatsira vashandisi kuongorora zvinogona kuitika mamiriro ekunze. |
| Community Resilience Toolkit | Inopa nhungamiro inoshanda kunharaunda kuti dziwedzere kusimba mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, tichifunga nezvemagariro, hupfumi, uye zvakatipoteredza. |
mhedziso
Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kusimba kwezvirwere zvakabatana, nemhoteredzo ine hutano inopa dziviriro yemusikirwo yakasimba pazvirwere. Kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana nekuda kwekurima kwemaindasitiri uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunoisa kutyisidzira kukuru kuvanhu uye hutano hwemapuraneti. Nekudaro, kuburikidza nekuita zvekurima, kuedza kuchengetedza, uye kubatana, tinokwanisa kuchengetedza nekusimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kuitira kusimba kwezvipenyu uye kugara zvakanaka kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Nekugamuchira biodiversity-based organic agroecology uye kuchinjika kubva kune yepasi rose yeindasitiri yechikafu system, tinogona kusimudzira hutano hwe ecosystem uye kuderedza kuoma kwezvirwere. Varimi vadiki, nharaunda dzenzvimbo, uye varimi vebindu vanoita basa rakakosha mukuita miitiro yakadzikama inochengetedza uye inovandudza ivhu, zvirimwa, mhuka, nevanhu.
Kuchengetedza nekusimudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kwakakosha mukudzora kubuda kwezvirwere uye kudzivirira kupararira kweutachiona. Chimiro chakasiyana-siyana chine marudzi akasiyana-siyana chinopa utachiona hwakasiyana, zvichidzikamisa kugona kwavo kuwanda uye kuderedza kutapurirana kwezvirwere. Kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kunovimbisawo kuchengetedzwa kwekudyidzana kwe ecology uko kunopa kugadzikana kwese kwese kwesesi uye hutano.
Sezvatinoramba tichitarisana nematambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze basa rezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mukuvaka kusimba. Resilient ecosystems inokwanisa kuchinjika uye kumirisana nekukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, ichitipa akakosha ecosystem masevhisi. Nekuchengetedza pekugara, kutonga zvipenyu, uye kukurudzira kubatana pakati pevatambi vakasiyana, tinokwanisa kusimudzira kugona kwezvipenyu uye kudzikamisa kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
FAQ
Ko biodiversity inokanganisa sei kusimba kwechirwere?
Biodiversity inoita basa rakakosha mukusimba kwezvirwere nekuderedza pathogen dynamics uye kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere. Iyo yakasiyana-siyana ecosystem inopa mauto akasiyana ehutachiona, kuderedza kutapurirana kwavo.
Kurima kwemaindasitiri kunokuvadza sei kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye hutano hwevanhu?
Kurima kwemaindasitiri kunobatsira mukurasikirwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweagrochemicals uye kusimudzirwa kwe kufanana kwembeu. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kudzikira kwekusiyana kwezvirimwa, kuchengetedzeka kwekudya, uye kukanganisa kwakashata pahutano hweecosystem.
Chii chakakonzera COVID-19 pakurima kwemaindasitiri nenharaunda dzemuno?
Denda reCCIDID-19 rakakanganisa kugoverwa kwechikafu kwekurima kwemaindasitiri, zvichikonzera dambudziko remari kuvarimi. Kusiyana neizvi, nharaunda dzemunharaunda nevarimi vadiki vaiita zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana-based organic agroecology vaive vakatsiga uye kuzviriritira panguva yekuvhara.
Sei hutano hwevhu hwakakosha kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kusimba kwezvirwere?
Ivhu rine hutano rakasiyana-siyana microbial biodiversity tsigira kukura kwezvirimwa uye kuwedzera kutorwa kwechikafu. Izvi zvinosimbisa kusimba kwezvipenyu uye zvinopa hwaro hwekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu nekudzivirira zvirwere.
Kugadzikana kwe ecosystem kunobatsira sei kurarama nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze?
Resilient ecosystems ine hunhu hwakaita sekubatana kwekugara, kusiana kwemajini, uye kusiyanisa kwechinguvana, izvo zvinowedzera kugona kwavo kugadzirisa. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuti vapindure uye vamire kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunoenderana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Ko biodiversity inobatsira sei kutrophic cascades uye ecosystem kusimba?
Biodiversity inoita basa rakakosha mutrophic cascades nekuwedzera kudyidzana kwemarudzi uye kusashanda basa. Izvi zvinova nechokwadi chekuchengetedza ecosystem maitiro uye masevhisi, kunyangwe mamwe marudzi akarasika.
Ndeapi marongero anogona kuitwa kuchengetedza biodiversity uye kuvaka ecosystem inosimba?
Kuchengetedza pekugara, zvirongwa zvekutarisira zvipenyu, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa anochinja maitiro akakosha. Kucherekedza, kutarisa, uye maturusi ekutsigira sarudzo zvinobatsirawo mukuedza kunobudirira kwekuchengetedza.
Sei kubatana kwakakosha pakugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutonga kwezviwanikwa?
Kudyidzana pakati pevatambi vakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira hurumende, masayendisiti, vanogadzira mitemo, uye nharaunda dzenzvimbo, kwakakosha pakugarisa kwenguva refu uye kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa mukutarisana nekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze.
Chii chinonzi US Climate Resilience Toolkit?
Iyo US Climate Resilience Toolkit chinhu chakakosha chinopa ruzivo, data, uye maturusi ekutsigira vanoita sarudzo uye veruzhinji mukusimudzira kusimba kwemamiriro ekunze. Inopa zvishandiso zvemamiriro ekunze uye masevhisi kunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze pane ecosystem.
Ko zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kusimba kwezvirwere zvakabatana sei?
Biodiversity yakakosha pakusimba kwechirwere sezvo nharaunda dzine hutano dzichipa dziviriro yakasimba pazvirwere. Kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana nekuda kwekurima kwemaindasitiri uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunoisa njodzi huru kuvanhu uye hutano hwemapuraneti.
