Kurarama Kunotsanangurwa Patsva: Magadzirirwo eUrban Design Maumbirwo Nharaunda muVancouver

As Vancouver inotarisana neshanduko yakakosha yemudhorobha, inotungamirwa ne kushanda yeBill 47 muna Chikumi 2024, guta rine mukana usina kumboitika wekutsanangura patsva muzvarirwo of kugara mudhorobha. Mutemo uyu, uyo unorayira kuvandudzwa kwe kuronga guta kugarisa vagari vakawanda paivhu shoma, yakagadzira nzira yekuchinja kuenda kudzimba dzakawanda pedyo nemikoto yekufambisa.¹. Tichitarisana nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwe30,000 vagari vatsva gore negore ne2041, vanosvika mamiriyoni 1.2, uye inofungidzirwa kudiwa kwemisha inopfuura 500,000.¹, basa re urban design zvave zvichinyanya kukosha mukugadzirisa nharaunda umo vanhu vanogona kubudirira uye kukurudzira pfungwa yenharaunda uye kubatana.

• Shanduko yedhorobha reVancouver inopa mukana wekutsanangurazve kugara kwemadhorobha uchichengeta hunhu hwevavakidzani.
• Urban patani inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira nharaunda dzinosimudzira pfungwa yenharaunda uye kubatana.
• Shanduko yakanangana nedzimba dzakawanda padhuze nemikoto yekufambisa ine chinangwa chekugadzirisa kukura kwevanhu uye zvinodiwa nedzimba.
• Sustainable kuronga maguta maitiro, akadai strategic kuzara nekuwanda, kwakakosha mukugadzirisa kukura kweguta.
• Kuvandudza hukama hwemagariro uye kuderedza kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe ndizvo zvakakosha pakugadzira nharaunda dzinogara muVancouver.

Vancouver's urban design misimboti inotarisa pakugadzira nharaunda dzinogara zvine simba nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kuti kukurudzira walkability uye wakasimba munharaunda kubatanidzwa². Varongi veguta vanoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira nzira dzinodzikamisa kuwanda kwehupenyu, kuve nechokwadi kuti kukura kweguta kunoenderana nezvinodiwa uye zvinotarisirwa nevagari varo.

Dhizaini yemadhorobha muVancouver inoisa simbiso yakasimba mukukurudzira hukama hwemagariro, sezvo tsvakiridzo yakaratidza kuti kushomeka kwehukama hwehukama hwakabatana nekufa nguva isati yakwana, kuwedzera kwezvirwere, uye huwandu hwehurwere hwepfungwa.². Zvidzidzo zveVancouver Foundation zvakaratidza kushushikana pamusoro pekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, kunyanya pakati pevagari vepamusoro, zvichisimbisa kukosha yekubatanidza zvinhu zvinonangana nenharaunda munzvimbo yedhorobha.

Uzivi hwemagadzirirwo emaguta eVancouver hunoratidzwa nechido chebumbiro remitemo che“rugare, kurongeka, uye hurumende yakanaka,” zvichisiyana nemafungiro eAmerica e“rusununguko uye kutsvaka mufaro.”² Iyi nzira inoisa pamberi pekugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda, nechinangwa chekugadzira nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji izvo zvinounza vanhu pamwe chete uye zvinokurudzira kudyidzana kwevanhu.

Nhoroondo yedhorobha redhizaini inoratidzirwa nezvirongwa zvakaita semusanganiswa-kushandiswa, kuvandudzwa kwepakati-density muma1960s uye kushandurwa kweGranville Island kuita tsika nekutenga nzvimbo nehurumende yemubatanidzwa.². Varongi veVancouver vanopihwa basa rekuenzanisa nzira idzi dzehunyanzvi nechido chekuchengetedza hunhu hwakasiyana hweguta uye kuona kuti zviitiko zvitsva zvinobatana zvisina mutsetse nejira riripo remudhorobha.

Iyo Vancouver modhi yedhizaini yemadhorobha yakamisa yakakwira-density imba yekugara sesarudzo yakakurumbira yechizvarwa, ichisiyanisa guta kubva kune makuru. maguta muNorth America seCalgary, Phoenix, Tampa, kana Seattle maererano nemaitiro edzimba².

Iyo yemadhorobha morphology yeVancouver yakapesvedzerwa nematatu akakosha madhiri epasi: kubatanidzwa kwemakanzuru muma1920s, iyo kuvaka yeShumba's Gate Bridge yakatangwa nemhuri yeGuinness inobika doro, uye kutengeswa kwemaeka mazana maviri nemakumi mana kune maindasitiri weHong Kong Li Ka Shing.².

"Vancouver ndiro chete guta guru muNorth America risina nzira yemahara mukati memiganhu yayo nekuda kwekumukira kwevagari mukupera kwema1960s ichitungamirwa neUniversity yeBritish Columbia. akitekicha mapurofesa.”

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Vancouver ndiro gotwe uye repamusoro-density guta guru muNorth America kunze kweNortheast², uye peninsula yedhorobha inoratidza kukosha kweiyo block typology ine shongwe-diki-ndiro yakakwirira-inokwira patownhouse podia.².

Dhizaini yemadhorobha muVancouver ine pesvedzero huru pahupenyu hwenharaunda yeguta. Mafambiro ekanzuru anokoshesa kugadzira nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji izvo zvinokurudzira kudyidzana kwevanhu uye munharaunda kubatanidzwa³. Enhancing walkability uye kusvikika ndicho chinhu chakakosha chekutarisa, chine nzira dzakafara dzemumativi, uswa boulevards, uye migwagwa inoshamwaridzana nevanofamba netsoka³. Zvakadaro, tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti vagari vepamusoro-soro havagone kuziva mazita evavakidzani vavo uye vane kudyidzana kushoma kushamwaridzana kana zvichienzaniswa nevari mudzimba dzakavharirwa.³. Izvi zvinoburitsa kudiwa kwezvigadziriso zvine mufungo zvinosimudzira kubatana kwenharaunda munzvimbo dzakakombama dzemaguta.

Vagadziri vemaguta eVancouver vanoziva kukosha kwenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzinounza vagari pamwechete⁴. Zvirongwa zvenharaunda zvinoshanda semamepu emigwagwa, zvichitungamira shanduko yakanaka uye budiriro munharaunda yeguta⁴. Iyo Spaces to Thrive policy inopa hurongwa hweguta-neGuta-inotsigirwa munharaunda kwezvivako, kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo idzi dziri kuwanikwa uye dzinosanganisirwa⁴. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo Greenest City Fund inopa zvipo kunharaunda-yakagadzirwa kuchengetedza mapurojekiti, kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwepasi⁴.

Migwagwa inoshamwaridzana nevanofamba netsoka mucherechedzo wedhizaini yedhorobha reVancouver³. Maitiro eguta anosimbisa kumhanya kunononoka munzvimbo dzemudhorobha, kuenderana neSafety in Numbers strategy, iyo yakaratidzwa kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwekufambisa.³⁵. Spatial network ongororo yenzvimbo dzeMetro Vancouver inoratidza kuti huwandu hwepamusoro hwe zvivakwa nehurefu huri pakati nepakati, hwakagovaniswa pakati pemapasuru ehukuru hwakasiyana, hunogona kukanganisa simba rehupfumi uye kugona kwedzimba.⁵. Uyezve, kusimba uye kusiyana-siyana kwemuti wemumadhorobha zvinhu zvakakosha mukufanotaura kuwanikwa kwekushanda uye kusiyana kwemagariro.⁵.

Nekugadzira nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakasimba uye nekukoshesa dhizaini yevanofamba netsoka, Vancouver's urban planners vari kuumba nharaunda inokurudzira kubatanidzwa munharaunda uye kubatikana³⁴⁵. Kuedza uku kwakakosha mukugadzirisa matambudziko e kurarama kwepamusoro-soro uye kuona kuti vagari vemuguta vane mikana yakawanda yekubatana uye kubudirira.

"Nekugadzira nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye kukoshesa dhizaini yevanofamba netsoka, varongi vemaguta eVancouver vari kuumba nharaunda inokurudzira. kubatanidzwa munharaunda nekubatana."

Kuzvipira kweVancouver kune nharaunda-yakatarisana nedhizaini yemaguta kunoonekwa mukuedza kwayo kuwedzera walkability, mwana kubatanidzwa munharaunda, uye kubatanidza vagari vemo kuronga maitiro³⁴⁵. Aya marongero akakosha mukugadzira guta rinogara, rinogoneka, uye rine magariro enguva yemberi.

Munzvimbo yekugadzirwa kwemadhorobha, Alexandra Steed abuda semunhu ane mukurumbira ari kuumba ramangwana remaguta⁶. Kambani yake, Alexandra Steed Urban, inyanzvi mukuronga uye magadzirirwo emadhorobha matsva izvo zvinokoshesa nharaunda hupenyu hwakanaka uye kubudirira kwakasimba. Nekuvhurwa kuri kuuya kwehofisi yavo yeVancouver muna 2024, hunyanzvi hwaSteed hwakagadzirira kubatsira zvakanyanya mukusimukira kweguta.

Alexandra Steed, muoni mumunda wedhizaini yemadhorobha, akatanga kambani yake inozivikanwa muna 2015.⁶. Nekutarisa pa biophilic design, basa rekambani rakanangana nekusimudzira vanhu utano uye kugara zvakanaka mu inovakwa nharaunda⁶. Chikwata cheSteed chevagadziri vemaguta, vanoronga, uye vagadziri vezvivakwa vane hunyanzvi mukugadzira masterplans nekuita. magadzirirwo emadhorobha matsva zvinogadzirisa matambudziko ari kusangana nemaguta emazuva ano.

Kuwedzera kweAlexandra Steed Urban kuenda kuVancouver kunoratidza kukosha kuri kukura kwe nyanzvi dhizaini yemadhorobha mukusimudzirwa kweguta⁷. Nekuzvipira mukugadzira nharaunda dzine hupenyu, dzinogara, masevhisi ekambani anogona kubatsira mukushandurwa kweVancouver, kugadzirisa matambudziko akadai sekuwedzera kuwanda uku uchichengetedza hunhu hweguta.

Alexandra Steed Urban's portfolio inobatanidza huwandu hwakawanda hwemadhorobha dhizaini masevhisi, anosanganisira masterplanning, veruzhinji dhizaini, uye. munharaunda kubatanidzwa⁶. Iyo femu maitiro akazara ekugadzira madhorobha ane chinangwa chekugadzira nzvimbo dzinokurudzira kudyidzana, kukurudzira mararamiro anoshanda, uye kusimudzira. kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo.

Nekuvhurwa kuri kuuya kwehofisi yavo yeVancouver, Alexandra Steed Urban yakagadzirira kuita zvakakosha pamaitiro eguta redhizaini, zvichibatsira mukusikwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara, dzakasimba, uye dzakatarisana nenharaunda.

Vancouver yakambundikira miitiro yakadzikama mukugadzirwa kwayo kwemadhorobha, kuenderana nekuzvipira kweguta kuhutungamiriri hwezvakatipoteredza⁸. Greenest City Action Plan ine chinangwa chekudzikisa zveguta ecological footprint ne 33% ye2006 mazinga, nekutarisa kwakasimba pa green infrastructure uye eco-hushamwari chekufambisa mhinduro⁹.

Dhizaini yedhorobha reVancouver ine mukurumbira nekubatanidzwa kwayo kwechisikigo uye simba remaguta, pfungwa inozivikanwa se "Vancouverism."⁸ Guta racho girinhi kwezvivako, semapaki, matenga egirinhi, uye maguta masango, inopa zvikomborero zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuvandudza air quality, kuderedza kupisa kwemaguta mhedzisiro yechitsuwa, uye kuwedzera biodiversity⁸. Aya maitiro akasimba anobatsira kusimba kweguta uye kurarama.

Kutakura kwakasimba chinhu chakakosha pamberi muVancouver's dhizaini yemadhorobha. Guta rinotarisana nekugadzira nharaunda dzinotungamira kufamba, kuchovha bhasikoro, uye mafambiro everuzhinji kuderedza kutsamira pamotokari dzakazvimirira.⁹. Iyi nzira inoenderana neVancouver Plan, iyo ine chinangwa chekuita kuti guta rive nekugara, kutengeka, uye kugadzikana.⁹. Nekukurudzira eco-hushamwari chekufambisa, Vancouver ine chinangwa chekudzikisa greenhouse gas emissions uye kukurudzira mararamiro ane hutano, anoshanda zvakanyanya kune vagari vayo.

Kuzvipira kwaVancouver ku dhizaini yemadhorobha yakagadzikana inogadza muenzaniso kune mamwe maguta ari kukura. Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwe green infrastructure uye eco-hushamwari zvifambiso mhinduro, guta riri kuumba ramangwana rinoisa pamberi pekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kugara kwenharaunda, uye hupenyu hwepamusoro.

"Vancouver inozivikanwa nekuenderera mberi kwayo kuronga zvirongwa zvinosimbisa mukurumbira wayo serimwe remaguta anorarama pasi rose."⁹

Vancouver yakaona kumutsiridzwa kwenzvimbo dzakati wandei dzemudhorobha kuburikidza nemapurojekiti ekugadzira ane kusimudzira hupenyu hwenharaunda. Iko kuvandudzwa kweiyo iconic Woodward's saiti inomira pachena semuenzaniso wepamusoro, kushandura chivakwa chakambosiiwa kuita chinoshanda chakasanganiswa-kushandisa yakaoma. Basa racho rakapararira¹⁰ 2.32 mahekita uye akatenderedza huwandu hwe¹⁰ 1,073,715 square feet of space, kufema hupenyu hutsva munzvimbo.

Kuvandudzwa kweWoodward kwakanga kusiri kusina matambudziko, zvisinei. Hurumende yekanzuru yakatora nzvimbo iyi¹⁰ 2003 yeC$5 miriyoni, ukuwo hurumende yepurovhinzi yakanga yatenga¹⁰ makore maviri pamberi peC$22 miriyoni. Basa racho rakakwezva¹⁰ mhinduro dzinopfuura gumi dzekutanga kuchikumbiro chezvikwaniriso, ne¹⁰ vana vekupedzisira pakupedzisira vanoendesa mazano. Pakupedzisira¹⁰, zvikwata zvitatu zvekusimudzira zvakapa zvirongwa zvavo, nemugadziri Henriquez achigamuchira¹⁰ C $50,000 kubva kumugadziri Gillespie kuisa pamwechete chikumbiro.

Imwe yakabudirira dhizaini yemadhorobha mudunhu iri iSurrey's Grandview Heights, budiriro yepasi pevhu iyo inobatanidza zvisina mutsetse pekugara, zvitoro, uye kushandiswa kwehofisi uku ichisimbisa kufamba uye kuwana zvinowanika. Izvi¹¹ 2.3-acre saiti maficha¹¹ 92 yekurenda yekugara / yebasa mayuniti pamusoro pe200,000 mativi emamita enzvimbo yekutengesa, pamwe chete¹¹ nhanho nhatu dzepasi pevhu kupaka ine 520 dzezvitoro uye 121 dzekugara dzekupaka. Nzvimbo yeprojekti iri pedyo ne Kanadha Line transit system yakabatsira kune zvinofungidzirwa¹¹ kukwira kwevanhu vanopfuura 136,000 pazuva muna Chikumi 2011.

Izvi zvidzidzo zvenyaya zvinopa zvidzidzo zvakakosha zveramangwana dhizaini mapurojekiti muVancouver nekumhiri. Nepo kuvandudzwa kweWoodward kwakatarisana nematambudziko ane chekuita nekutorwa kwezvivakwa uye kubvunzana neveruzhinji, kwakapedzisira kwashandura saiti yakange isina hanya kuita nharaunda inobudirira yekushandisa musanganiswa. Saizvozvo, iyo Grandview Heights budiriro muSurrey inoratidza mabhenefiti ekubatanidza kushandiswa kwepasi kwakasiyana uye kuisa pamberi. kutakurwa kwakasimba Zvisarudzo. Mapurojekiti aya anosimbisa kukosha kwe dhizaini yakatarisana nenharaunda mukufambisa kumutsiridzwa kwemaguta nekugadzira nharaunda dzine simba, dzinogarika.

“Zvirongwa izvi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwe dhizaini yakatarisana nenharaunda mukufambisa kumutsiridzwa kwemaguta nekugadzira zvine simba, nharaunda dzinogara. "

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Kuronga pamwe chete uye dhizaini inotungamirwa nenharaunda akakosha kune nzira yeVancouver kune kukura kwemaguta. Guta rinosimbisa kuita vagari muhurongwa hwekuronga uye kuita misangano yekugadzira yekudyidzana kuti vaone kuti mapurojekiti emudhorobha anoratidza zvinodiwa uye zvishuwo zvenharaunda.¹². Iri zano rakatarisana nenharaunda rakakosha mukuwedzera mabhenefiti, kuderedza kukanganisa kwakashata, uye kuwana kugutsikana kwevanobatanidzwa.¹².

Guta rinoziva kuti vanhu vanobatwa nesarudzo vane kodzero yekuve nechekuita muhurongwa uhu, uye kuti mipiro yeruzhinji inofanirwa kupesvedzera mhedzisiro yekupedzisira.¹². Matanho ekubatirana akanyatsogadzirirwa kunanga mapoka akasiyana nematanho, kuve nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa uye kutaurirana kwakajeka.¹². Vagari vanokokwa kuti vatore chikamu muongororo, mapoka anotarisisa, misangano yeruzhinji, misangano yekuronga, uye makomiti ekuraira, zvichivabvumira kuti vagadzirise ramangwana renharaunda dzavanogara.¹³.

Nekubatanidza nhengo dzenharaunda muhurongwa hwekugadzira, varongi vemaguta eVancouver vanogona kugadzira hurongwa hwakazara, hune hupfumi hunoenderana nezvinodiwa nevagari venzvimbo.¹³. Iyi nzira yekubatana inobatsira kuvaka chiono chakagovaniswa cheramangwana reguta, ichikurudzira pfungwa yevaridzi nekudyara pakati pevagari.¹³. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuoneka mumapurojekiti akabudirira seSoutheast False Creek, Rwizi District, uye Oakridge Center Mall, uko kupihwa nenharaunda kwakapesvedzera kuronga nekugadzira.¹³.

Civic kubatikana mukugadzirwa kwemaguta hakungokwidziri hupenyu hwenhengo dzenharaunda asi inowedzera kukosha kuguta rose¹³. Nekushingairira kutora chikamu mukugadzira mamiriro edhorobha reVancouver, vagari vanokwanisa kupa chimiro cheguta serimwe remaguta anogara pasi rose.¹³.

“Kudyidzana nehoro yeguta romunharaunda uye kutora rutivi nesimba mukuumba magadzirirwo eguta reVancouver kunogona kuita kuti guta racho rive serimwe remaguta anogarwa zvikurusa enyika.”¹³

Tekinoroji iri kutamba inowedzera kukosha mukugadzira ramangwana redhizaini yemadhorobha muVancouver. Smart guta zvirongwa zviri kuitwa muguta rese kusimudzira kunaka kwekugara mumadhorobha uye kukurudzira kugarika¹⁴. Infrastructure yeCanada Smart Cities Dambudziko rakapa mari inosvika mamirioni makumi mashanu emadhora kunharaunda dzinogadzira mhinduro dzehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza hupenyu hwevagari vavo.¹⁴. Kufambira mberi uku kuri kushandura nzira iyo vagari vanobatana nevakavaka mhepo mvura nenzvimbo uye kuvapa simba rekuve nezwi rinoshanda zvakanyanya mu kuronga maguta Process.

Vancouver iri pamberi pe smart city technology, kushandisa maturusi edhijitari kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru emudhorobha¹⁴. Kutevera 2012 Hurricane Sandy, AT&T yakapa zviteshi zvekuchaja uye kutenderera muNew York City sechikamu chavo. njodzi kupindura zvirongwa, zvichiratidza kuti tekinoroji inogona kutsigira sei nharaunda munguva dzekutambudzika¹⁴. Saizvozvowo, Christchurch, Nyuzirendi, yakagamuchira rubatsiro rweBMM Smarter Cities mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika kwa2010-2011, zvichiita kuti paumbwe sangano risina purofiti rinonzi Sensing City Trust rinoshandisa tekinoroji kuvaka. kusimba kwemadhorobha¹⁴. Vancouver's Resilience Team iri kubatana mukugadzira yakazara-chiyero prototype yeNeighbour Hub neFall 2018, chirongwa chinotungamirwa nenharaunda chine chinangwa chekupa simba, mvura, uye kufambiswa kwemashoko kwakazvimirira kwezvivakwa zveguta.

Pamusoro pezvirongwa zvedhorobha zvine hungwaru, Vancouver zvakare iri kusimudzira mapuratifomu edhijitari kuunganidza zvine musoro nharaunda mhinduro pamapurojekiti ekugadzira maguta.¹⁵. Kubatanidza vagari muhurongwa hwekugadzira kunoita kuti nzvimbo yekupedzisira ikwane zvavanotarisira uye inosimudzira pfungwa yekuve muridzi¹⁵. Uyezve, kushanda pamwe chete mu kugadzira nzvimbo mapurojekiti anotungamira kune zvinogoneka uye zvinobudirira mhedzisiro, sezvo zvinodiwa nenharaunda uye zvakakosha zvakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya mukugadzira¹⁵. Nekushandisa maturusi edhijitari, vanoronga maguta vanogona kusvika kune vateereri vakawanda uye kuunganidza maonero akasiyana-siyana, zvichikonzera nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzinonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvenharaunda.

Tekinoroji iri kushandura nzira yatinosvika nayo dhizaini yemaguta, ichigonesa mhinduro, inogoneka, uye inotungamirwa nenharaunda.¹⁴. The UK Technology Strategy Board inofungidzira kuti mari yepasirese yepasi rose mutekinoroji ine chekuita nenjodzi inodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora panosvika 300, zvichiratidza kukosha kuri kukura kwekubatanidza tekinoroji mu. kuronga maguta¹⁴. Sezvo Vancouver ichienderera mberi nekugashira zvirongwa zvedhorobha zvine hungwaru uye mapuratifomu ekuita nharaunda, guta rakagadzirira kutsanangura remangwana rekugara mumadhorobha, uko tekinoroji nenharaunda zvinouya pamwe chete kugadzira nharaunda dzemaguta dzinobudirira, dzakasimba, uye dzinosanganisirwa.

Kugadzirisa kugona idambudziko rakakosha mukugadzira dhorobha reVancouver. Guta riri kushanda kuti rienzanise budiriro nezvido zvedzimba, richishandisa nzira dzekugadzirisa dzimba dzinosanganisira¹⁶. Nekudaro, kunetseka nezve gentrification uye kutamiswa kunoenderera, zvinoda kunyatsotariswa mukugadzirwa kwemadhorobha uye sarudzo dzemitemo.

Kuvakwa kweGeorgia Viaduct muVancouver kwakatungamira mukubviswa kweHogan's Alley, yaimbova nharaunda yevatema.¹⁶. Mitemo yenzvimbo muWest Vancouver yaimborambidza vanhu veAfrica kana Asia kugara ikoko kunze kwekunge vashanda sevashandi vemumba.¹⁶. Zvirongwa zvekuvandudzwa kwemadhorobha pakati pezana ramakore rechi20 zvakakonzera kudzurwa nekutamiswa kwenharaunda dzese.¹⁶. Dzimba dzinodhura mapurojekiti anowanzo kuuya nemhedzisiro isingatarisirwe, sekutamiswa kwevagari varipo uye kubhadharisa vanhu chaivo vavanoda kubatsira.¹⁶.

Kubvumidzwa kwaBill 47 kwekuwandisa pamijenya-yemhuri imwe chete ine chinangwa chekuwedzera huwandu hwedzimba uye kusiyana.¹⁶. Vancouver's mode share yekufambisa iri pa20%, iyo yepamusoro-soro kumahombekombe ekumadokero¹⁷. Imwe mumashanu matsva edzimba ari padyo neSkyTrain zviteshi muVancouver¹⁷. Nekudaro, kukosha kwedzimba kwakawedzera nepo mari yenzvimbo isina, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekugona¹⁷. Nharaunda yeVancouver inoonekwa seimwe yeakanyanya kunetsa maererano nekukwanisika nekuda kwekusachengeteka kwedzimba uye mari yekufambisa.¹⁷.

Pane zvirongwa zviripo zvakadai sematurusi ekudzivirira kutamiswa, dziviriro yevanoroja (nzvimbo yekurenda chete, chiyero chekuchinja-chinja mitemo, mitemo yenguva pfupi yekurojesa), matarenda evhu renharaunda, kushanduka-shanduka, uye maturusi emari kugadzirisa. dzimba dzinodhura budiriro¹⁷. Vanoronga vanokurudzirwa kukoshesa kuchengetedza hutano hwekuvaka jira uye kubatanidza dzimba dzinodhura munharaunda dziripo pasina kukanganisa¹⁶.

"Mitemo yezvimiro, kana ikashandiswa zvisina kufunga kana nechinangwa chekuita purofiti, inogona kuve simba remhirizhonga, ichiwedzera kusaenzana pasi pechivharo chekudzivirira nekutarisira."¹⁶

Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti nharaunda dzine hukama hwakasimba hwemagariro dzinoona hutsotsi hwakaderera sezvo vagari vachigovana pfungwa yekutarisira uye kuriritirana¹⁶. Zvimwe zvirongwa zvekuronga maguta, zvakaita seVancouver's Broadway Plan uye Transit-Oriented Planning mandates, zvakakonzera kutamiswa kwenharaunda nekunyepedzera kuvandudzwa.¹⁶.

Sezvo Vancouver iri kuramba ichishanduka, dhizaini yayo yemadhorobha iri kuchinjika kuti isangane nezvinetswa zveramangwana. Guta riri kumberi kwe mutaundi utsanzi, kupayona maitiro ekuvaka anoenderera, dhizaini yakatarisana nenharaunda, uye zvirongwa zvemuguta zvine hungwaru zviri kushandura mararamiro, kushanda, nekudyidzana kwevagari varo¹⁸.

Vancouver iri kuedza kuve guta re zero-emission, ine chivakwa chakasvibirira magadzirirwo misimboti akadai kuvakwa kwesimba rinoshanda kuva maitiro akajairika¹⁸. Guta rinombundirawo musanganiswa-wekushandisa zviitiko uye yakakwira density munzvimbo dzakasimba, dzine chinangwa chekugadzira musika wakasiyana uye unosanganisirwa wedzimba¹⁸. Uyezve, Vancouver inoshingairira kubatanidza vagari mukuita sarudzo kuburikidza kuronga kwekudyidzana zvirongwa, kukurudzira pfungwa yekuve muridzi wenharaunda uye community evolution¹⁸.

Kushandiswa kwemaitiro anofambiswa nedata kunobvumira kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa uye kuvandudzwa kwemadhorobha masisitimu uye zvivakwa, zvichiita kuti Vancouver irambe iri pamberi kuronga kweguta mune ramangwana¹⁸. Guta iri zvakare riri padanho rinotungamira rekushandisa smart mobility solution, senge yakabatanidzwa yeruzhinji yekufambisa, kugovana mabhasikoro, uye magetsi emotokari zvivakwa, zvese zvine chinangwa chekudzikisa. kabhoni uye kuwedzera kubatana¹⁸.

Kuzvipira kweVancouver mukusimudzira budiriro, dzimba dzinodhura, nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudzwa kweguta hunoisa iyo semutungamiri wepasi rose mukugadzirwa kwemadhorobha.¹⁸. Kwemakore gumi apfuura, guta rakapa mari 10 nyowani kana kukwidziridzwa social housing mayuniti nerubatsiro rwemipiro yebudiriro, uye mipiro yakafanana yakagonesawo kuumbwa kwenzvimbo 3,000 dzine marezinesi ekuchengeta vana.¹⁹.

Kutarisa mberi, Vancouver's urban design inotarisirwa kuramba ichishanduka, nekusimbisa kukuru musanganiswa-wekushandisa zviitiko, nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, nenzvimbo dzinogara, dzakabatana. Aya maitiro ane chinangwa chekugadzirisa nyaya dzekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uku uchikurudzira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, pakupedzisira kushandura nharaunda dzeguta kuti zviite nani.¹⁸.

"Magadzirirwo emadhorobha eVancouver ari kusimukira kuti asangane nezvipingamupinyi zveramangwana, nekutarisa kugadzikana, kuita nharaunda, uye mhinduro dzeguta dzakangwara."

Sezvo Vancouver ichiramba ichitungamira nzira kupinda urban innovation, its kuronga kweguta mune ramangwana uye community evolution ichaumbwa neaya mafambiro anonakidza, achishandura guta kuita rinogara, rakagadzikana, uye rakabatana nharaunda yemaguta kune vese vagari varo.¹⁸¹⁹.

Sezvo Vancouver ichiramba ichishanduka uye kutsanangura patsva mamiriro emudhorobha, guta rinotarisana nematambudziko akati wandei mukugadzira nekusimudzira. Pamberi pane zvinonetsa zvakapoteredza gentrification uye kudiwa kwekuenzanisa zvinodiwa zve kukura kwemaguta nekuchengetedzwa kwedzimba dzinodhura uye nharaunda dzine hupenyu²⁰.

Imwe nyaya huru idambudziko reguta rekutenga dzimba. Nechiyero chekugona kwedzimba chakakwira kubva pa5.3 muna 2005 kusvika pagumi nembiri nhasi.²⁰, Vancouver iri kunetsekana kupa inowanikwa uye kurarama kwakasimba zvingasarudzwa zvevagari vayo. Kuwanda kwevhu rinobudirira mumaoko edzimba dzisingasviki makumi mana kubva muzana²⁰ kwakawedzera chinetso chacho, kuchiparira kubuda kwakatsiga kwepwere nokukwegura²⁰.

Kufambisa yakaoma kuronga mutemo landscape inopawo matambudziko akakura kune vanogadzira madhorobha nevakuru veguta. Sarudzo dzinofanira kunyatsoyera zvinodiwa nevatambi vakasiyana, kusanganisira Developers, nhengo dzenharaunda, uye vamiriri vezvakatipoteredza. Muenzaniso uchangoburwa weDP-2019-00395 chirongwa chebudiriro muGrandview-Woodland unoratidza chiitiko chakapfava chekuenzanisa, sezvo kanzuru yeguta yaifanira kusarudza pakati pekutevedzera hurongwa hwenharaunda kana kupindura kune veruzhinji.²¹.

Mukugadzirisa matambudziko aya, maitiro matsva uye kubatsirana pakati pevanoronga, vanogadzira, uye nhengo dzenharaunda zvichave zvakakosha. Matanho akadai sekumutsiridza nzvimbo dzemumaguta, achiwedzera nzvimbo dzakasvibirira, uye kusimudzira zvimwe zvekufambisa²² inogona kubatsira kudzikisira zvinokonzeresa gentrification uye kugadzira kuwedzera kurarama, maguta akasimba. Nekugamuchira misimboti ye dhizaini yemadhorobha yakagadzikana, Vancouver inogona kuvavarira kuvaka ramangwana rinoenzanisa zvinodikanwa zvevagari vemo vakasiyana-siyana uye kuchengetedza chimiro chakasiyana cheguta.²².

Iko kukurumidza kusimudzira uye shanduko yenzvimbo dzemadhorobha eVancouver kwaunza kunetsekana pamusoro pekugadzirisa, uko kukwira kwemitengo yezvivakwa nemitengo yerendi kunotyisidzira kudzinga vagari venguva refu. Kugadzirisa zvinonetsa izvi zvinoda nzira ine mativi mazhinji inoisa pamberi pedzimba dzinodhura, kuita nharaunda, uye kuchengetedzwa kwehunhu hwetsika.²⁰.

Dhizaini yemadhorobha muVancouver inoomeswazve nehusope hwewebhu hwemaitiro ehurumende uye marongero anotonga mashandisirwo evhu, kuganhurwa, uye kubvumidzwa kwebudiriro. Kufambisa zvipingamupinyi izvi kunoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kweiyo kuronga mutemo mamiriro uye kugona kuita zvinobudirira nevatambi vakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira masangano ehurumende, mapoka enharaunda, uye vanobatana neindasitiri²¹.

"Migumisiro yakaipa yenzira yekutonga yeVancouver yazvino inogona kusachinjika mukati memakore makumi maviri, zvichiita kuti guta ridzore hupenyu hunobva mariri."²⁰

Sezvo Vancouver ichiramba ichishanduka, kugashira zvigadziriso zvitsva uye kukurudzira kudyidzana kuchave kwakakosha mukukunda matambudziko kukura kwemaguta uye kugadzira guta rinosanganisirwa, rakagadzikana, uye rinogarika. Nekugadzirisa zvinonetsa zvekusimudzira uye kufambisa zvipingamupinyi zvehurumende, vagadziri vemadhorobha vanogona kubatsira kuona kuti kukura kweVancouver kunobatsira vagari vayo vese, varipo uye vachauya.

Dhizaini yedhorobha reVancouver inoenderera mberi nekushanduka, ichigadzira ramangwana renharaunda dzeguta²³. Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kwekugadzira nzvimbo dzinogara, dzakasimba, uye dzinosanganisirwa nzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzinoratidza kuzvipira kweguta mukusimudzira hupenyu hwevagari vese.²³. Kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda kunoramba kwakakosha mukuita uku, nekudaidzirwa kwechiito kuti vagari vatore chikamu mukuumba nharaunda yavo yemudhorobha²⁴. Ramangwana renharaunda yemudhorobha reVancouver rinoenderana nekushanda pamwe chete kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kugamuchira mhinduro dzekugadzira.

Vancouver's dhizaini yemadhorobha inogara ichichinja, ichitungamirwa nekudikanwa kwekugadzira nharaunda dzine simba, dzakaenzana, uye dzakasimba.²³. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweguta²³, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwekusiyana kwevagari vayo²³, zvakada nzira itsva yekuronga nemagadzirirwo emadhorobha²⁵. Sustainable development, smart technology, uye kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda kuri kuumba ramangwana renzvimbo dzemaguta eVancouver.

Kubudirira kweVancouver's urban design initiatives kunovimba zvakanyanya nekuita basa kwevagari vayo.²⁴. Nekupa simba nharaunda kuti dzigadzire nharaunda dzemudhorobha, guta rinogona kugadzirisa nyaya dzagara dziripo dzekusimudzira, kutamiswa, uye kusaenzana munharaunda.²⁴. Zvirongwa zvakaita sekuita bhajeti rinobatanidzwa uye dhizaini inotungamirwa nenharaunda kupa vagari izwi rine musoro mukuumba nharaunda dzavo, vachikurudzira pfungwa yevaridzi uye basa rakaungana.²⁴. Sezvo nharaunda yemudhorobha yeVancouver iri kuramba ichishanduka, zvakakosha kuti vese vane chekuita, kubva kuvagadziri vemitemo kusvika kuvagari, vashande pamwe chete kuvaka ramangwana rinorarama, rakagadzikana, uye rakaenzana.

1. Kugara kana kugara kure- https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/living-up-or-living-apart.pdf
2. PLAC1602_01-80.in - https://placesjournal.org/assets/legacy/pdfs/new-urbanism-the-vancouver-model.pdf
3. Urban Design - Dom's Plan B Blog - https://domz60.wordpress.com/tag/urban-design/
4. Kuvaka nharaunda dzinogara, dzakasimba, uye dzinosanganisira - https://vancouver.ca/people-programs/building-community.aspx
5. Urban chimiro uye kurarama: zvemagariro uye yakavakirwa nharaunda zviratidzo | Zvivakwa & Maguta - https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/10.5334/bc.82
6. 14 Maitiro eBiophilic Design - https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/
7. B2B: Isati Yabatwa Inogona: Hunhu Huzhinji Hunzvimbo yeMoscow - https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2013/10/28/b2b-untapped-potential-quality-public-realm-for-moscow-a29011
8. Kuronga kwemaguta, kugadzika nzvimbo, uye budiriro - https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/planning-zoning-development.aspx
9. Kuronga guta rinogara, rakasimba - https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/urban-planning.aspx
10. PDF - https://casestudies.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/WoodwardsPDF.pdf
11. PDF - https://casestudies.uli.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/The-Rise-PDF.pdf
12. Isu tinoita sei kudyidzana munharaunda - https://vancouver.ca/your-government/how-we-do-community-engagement.aspx
13. Gadzira Guta Rako - Batanidzwa muKuronga Kwenharaunda - https://mlacanada.com/newsfeed/shape-your-city-get-involved-in-the-community-planning-process
14. Smart Tekinoroji, uye Dzakangwara Nharaunda - Spacing Vancouver - https://spacing.ca/vancouver/2018/05/28/smart-tech-smart-communities/
15. Kuvandudza Urban Design nePlacemaking Strategies - https://www.philmyrick.com/sb/best-practices-for-integrating-placemaking-in-urban-design/
16. Kana Kuchengeta Kunova Kudzora: Mhirizhonga Yakavanzika yeKuronga Kwemaguta - Spacing Vancouver - https://spacing.ca/vancouver/2024/11/18/when-care-becomes-control-the-hidden-violence-of-urban-planning/
17. Iyo Vancouver Context - Mpact - https://www.mpactmobility.org/blog/affordability-and-displacement-the-vancouver-context/
18. Ramangwana Guta reUrban Dhizaini muVancouver: Kuumbwa mangwana - Nedivi. - https://www.theside.ca/blog-posts/future-city-of-urban-design-in-vancouver-shaping-tomorrow
19. YCH - Civics Toolbox - Chokwadi Sheet 4 - Kuronga uye Urban Design - https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/fact-sheet-4-planning-urban-design.pdf
20. Vancouver's Housing Matambudziko Iyambiro Tale yeKubudirira, Maguta Ane-Anotungamirwa-. https://www.discoursemagazine.com/p/vancouvers-housing-challenges-are
21. Urban Design Panel Nyaya Dzakafukidzwa Zvishoma Kutsiurwa Kwesarudzo Inotsamwisa yeVancouver City Council - https://cityduo.wordpress.com/2019/08/13/urban-design-panel-issues-thinly-veiled-rebuke-of-vancouver-city-councils-annoying-decision/
22. Kusiyanisa Madhizaini Edhorobha Matambudziko: British Columbia vs. Tehran – https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/contrasting-urban-design-challenges-british-columbia-vs-r-zand-gdduf
23. PDF - https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/810d53e6-dc91-4441-8681-797bbb8d5965/1/Vancouver city profile – 2018 – Carpenter Hutton.pdf
24. Kana Kuchengeta Kunova Kudzora: Mhirizhonga Yakavanzika yeUrban Planning (Erick Villagomez, Spacing Vancouver) - https://cityhallwatch.wordpress.com/2024/11/18/care-control-hidden-violence-urban-planning-villagomez-spacing/
25. Remangwana reNortheast False Creek - https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/northeast-false-creek.aspx