Sweden Biodiversity uye Nzvimbo Yakavakwa
Siwidheni inozivikanwa nokuda kwenzvimbo dzayo dzinoshamisa, dzakapfuma biodiversity, uye kuzvipira ku kuchengetedza. Zvisinei, nyika biodiversity inotarisana nematambudziko makuru nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekuchinja kwekushandiswa kwevhu, kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kusvibiswa. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora mamiriro e biodiversity muSweden, iyo kukosha of masango, matope, uye nzvimbo dzekugara pamahombekombe, matambudziko anotarisana neakasiyana ecosystems, uye matanho ari kutorwa kudzivirira nekuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
Zvitsva Zvitsva:
- Kuchengetedza miitiro zvakakosha pakuchengetedza zvisikwa zveSweden uye kuve nechokwadi kuenderera kwekuvaka.
- Urban ecology uye kubatanidzwa kwe green infrastructure kuita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu mumaguta.
- Habitat kudzorerwa uye eco-hushamwari kuvaka zvakakosha pakugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza dzinogara zvisikwa.
- Kuronga kwezvakatipoteredza uye utariri hwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mazano anobatsira kutungamira kuedza kuchengetedza uye chengetedza mhuka dzine ngozi.
- Urban nzvimbo dzakasvibirira kupa nzvimbo dzekugara dzakakosha dzezvirimwa nemhuka, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza zvipenyu.
Kukosha Kwemasango muSweden's Biodiversity
masango vanoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu muSweden, vachipa nzvimbo dzekugara dzezvirimwa nemhuka dzakasiyana. Ndivo kumusha kune vakawanda mhando yemiti yekuzvarwa uye kubatsira zvakanyanya mukuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti zvigadziriswe mamiriro ekuchengetedza of masango uye simbisa yavo kuchengetedzwa kwemasango kwakasimba kuchengetedza kukosha kwavo kwezvakatipoteredza.
Pasinei nokuwanda kwomusikirwo kwemasango muSweden, dzakawanda dzeidzi nzvimbo dzokugara hadzina kubudirira mamiriro ekuchengetedza. Mabasa akadai sekutema matanda uye kushandiswa kwemarudzi emiti ekunze anokonzeresa kutyisidzira kwakakura kudzikama kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvo zvakakosha kugashira uye kuita maitiro anoisa pamberi kuchengetedzwa kwemasango kwakasimba kuderedza matambudziko aya.
Kuchengetedzwa kwemasango kwakasimba inotarisa pakuchengetedza kutendeseka kwezvakatipoteredza yemasango panguva imwe chete ichizadzisa zvido zvemagariro nehupfumi zve nharaunda dzemunharaunda. Nekuenzanisa kutorwa kwezviwanikwa zvesango ne kuedza kuchengetedza, ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza biodiversity uye ecosystem kushanda kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
“Kuchengetedzwa kwemasango kwakasimba ndicho chinhu chikuru mukuona kuti masango anoramba aripo pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye ecosystem services vanopa.” – Swedish Forest Agency
Pamusoro pekuchengetedza masango, kuchengetedzwa kwe nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa mukati memasango kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu muSweden. Izvi nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzokutizira dzemarudzi akawanda emiti nemhuka, zvichibvumira kukura nokuberekana kusingadzongonyedzwi.
Nhamburiko dziri kuitwawo kusimudzira kudzorerwa kwenzvimbo dzesango dzakaparadzwa uye kutangwa kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa masango. Kuburikidza nezvirongwa izvi, Sweden ine chinangwa chekuwedzera kuvharwa kwemasango akachengetedzwa uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwe marudzi ekuzvarwa.
Zvakanakira Sustainable Forest Management
Kuchengetedzwa kwemasango kunochengetedza hakungochengetedzi chete kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu asi kunopawo zvikomborero zvakawanda kunzanga. Inobatsira kuchengetedza mvura utano, inoderedza kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze, uye inotsigira mararamiro emunharaunda. Nokugamuchira miitiro yakadzikama, Sweden inovimbisa kubereka kwenguva refu uye kusimba kwemasango ayo, zvichibatsira kubudirira kwakasimba.
Kuchengetedzwa kwemasango kunobata basa rakakoshawo mukurwisa kutemwa kwemasango nekutema miti zvisiri pamutemo, kusimudzira tsika dzesango dzine mutoro, uye kusimbisa misimboti yebudiriro inoenderera. Kuburikidza nemasango ane mutoro uye ane tsika, Sweden inoyedza kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chayo semutungamiri wepasi rose mukutonga kwemasango kwakasimba.
| Kutyisidzira Kukusiyana Kwezvipenyu MuMasango | Kuchengetedza Matanho |
|---|---|
| Kutema matanda uye kutemwa kwemasango | Kutora maitiro ekuchengetedza masango akasimba |
| Nhanganyaya yemhando dzemiti dzekunze | Kuchengetedza mhando yemiti yekuzvarwa uye kukurudzira kukura kwavo |
| Kuparadzaniswa kweHabitat uye kurasikirwa | Kuvamba nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzesango dzakachengetedzwa |
| Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze | Kushandisa adaptive management mazano |
Wetlands uye Freshwater Ecosystems muSweden
Sweden yakakomborerwa nezvakasiyana-siyana matope nemadziva, ayo anopa tsigiro inokosha kumarudzi akawanda ane mazita matsvuku. Izvi mvura yakachena ecosystems zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kuita basa rakakosha muhutano hwese hwese mhepo mvura nenzvimbo. Zvisinei, vanotarisana nedenho dzinoverengeka dzinotyisidzira kuvapo kwavo uye marudzi anotsamira pazviri.
The kuedza kuchengetedza nokuti matope uye mvura yakachena ecosystems muSweden inotarisa kugadzirisa nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sekuparadzana kwenzvimbo uye kuderera kwekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo dzakakodzera dzemarudzi ehove. Nekudzidza nekunzwisisa idzi dzakatetepa ecosystem kuburikidza biodiversity research, masayendisiti uye vanochengetedza vanogona kugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzidzivirira nekudzoreredza.
Kukosha Kwenzvimbo Dzemvura
Wetlands inzvimbo dzakakosha zvinoshamisa izvo zvinopa akawanda ecology masevhisi, anosanganisira kuchenesa mvura, kutonga mafashama, uye kabhoni kuchengetedza.
Manyoro anoita semasefa echisikigo, achibvisa zvinosvibisa nekuvandudza kunaka kwemvura. Zvinoita semasiponji, zvichitora mvura yakawandisa panguva yekunaya kwemvura zhinji uye kuderedza njodzi yemafashamo. Pamusoro pezvo, matoro anoita basa rakakosha mukudzikamisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nekuchengetedza nekusevha kabhoni, zvichibatsira kudzikisira. greenhouse gas emissions.
Pamusoro pezvo, manyoro anopa nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugara kune dzakasiyana siyana dzezvirimwa nemhuka. Dzinotsigira nzvimbo dzekuberekera shiri dzemumvura, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa hove, uye nzvimbo dzekugara dzemhuka dzemufibhii nezvinokambaira. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzine mvura dzinoita kuti zvipenyu zvakasiyana siyana zveSweden.
Kuedza Kuchengetedza
Kuedza kuchengetedza matoro uye mvura yakachena ecosystems muSweden zvinosundwa nekudikanwa kwekuchengetedza idzi nzvimbo dzinogara dzakakosha uye zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotsigira. Mapurojekiti ekudzoreredza chinangwa chekusimudzira nzvimbo dzematoro dzakaparadzwa uye kugadzira mamiriro akakodzera mhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa kubudirira.
Hurumende yeSweden, yakabatana nemasangano ekuchengetedza, zvishandiso zvakanangwa matanho ekuchengetedza kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwenguva refu kwemanyoro. Kuedza kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwe nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, kugadzwa kwezvirongwa zvekudzorera, uye kushanda of sustainable manejimendi manejimendi miitiro.
| Matanho Ekuchengetedza Wetland | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Kusikwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa | Kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakakosha dzemanyoro uye zvipenyu |
| Mapurojekiti ekudzoreredza | Kuvandudza nzvimbo dzematoro dzakasakadzwa |
| Kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kwakasimba | Kuve nechokwadi chehutano hwenguva refu hwemanyoro ecosystems |
Masangano ekuchengetedza, vaongorori, uye nharaunda dzenzvimbo dzinoshanda pamwe chete kusimudzira ruzivo nezve kukosha dzemanyoro uye kuita veruzhinji mukuedza kuchengetedza. Nekunzwisisa kukosha kwematoro uye basa ravanoita mukutsigira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, vanhu vanogona kubatsira mukuchengetedza nekudzoreredza kwezvipenyu izvi zvakakosha.
Iyo Yakasarudzika Coastal Habitats yeGungwa reBaltic
The nzvimbo dzekugara pamahombekombe yeGungwa reBaltic muSweden zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana uye kumusha kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana maruva nemhuka. Nzvimbo dzemahombekombe idzi dzinopa nzvimbo dzekugara dzakakosha zvisikwa zvegungwa, kutsigira kuenzana kwakapfava kwezvipenyu.
Mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza eGungwa reBaltic, zvisinei, chikonzero chokuitira hanya. Zvisikwa zvakawanda-zvitsvuku, zvichiratidza njodzi yadzo huru yekutsakatika, dziri kusangana nekudzikira kwehuwandu hwadzo. Zvinhu zvakadai sokusvibisa, kuredza hove, uye kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu zvinoparira uyu muitiro unonetsa.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya uye kuchengetedza zvisikwa zvegungwa yenzvimbo dzemahombekombe eSweden, zvirongwa zviri kuitwa. Imwe chiyero chakadaro kugadzwa kwe Marine muzvarirwo matura pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa reBaltic. Aya matura anoshanda senzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, achibvumira hupenyu hwemumakungwa kubudirira uye nekuona kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvegungwa zvisina kusimba.
Kubuda kwemafuta zvisiri pamutemo kuunza njodzi huru kune nzvimbo dzekugara pamahombekombe uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveGungwa reBaltic. Kurasa nekudonha kubva mungarava, pamwe nekuraswa zvisina kufanira kweoiri nezvimwe zvinosvibisa, zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro inoparadza pazvipenyu zvegungwa uye nemhoteredzo yakapoteredza. Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa kurwisa kuburitswa zvisiri pamutemo uku pamwe nekutevedzwa kwemirau yakasimba kudzivirira imwe njodzi.
Kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakasarudzika dzemahombekombe eGungwa reBaltic kwakakosha pakuchengetedza zvisikwa zvegungwa muSweden. Nokugadzira marine nature reserves uye kurwisana kubudiswa kwemafuta zvisiri pamutemo, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwenguva refu kweaya asina kusimba ecosystem.
Nhamburiko dzekuzivisa kukosha kwenzvimbo dzinogara mugungwa uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zvemugungwa kwakakoshawo. Nekudzidzisa veruzhinji uye nekusimudzira maitiro ane mutoro ezvakatipoteredza, tinogona kukurudzira kuita pamwe chete kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa izvi zvakakosha.
Kurasikirwa kweZvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muSweden
Pasinei nekuedza kuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, pane zvinoratidza kuti ichiri kuenderera mberi muSweden. Kunyanya kunetseka ndiko kuderera kwezvirimwa zvevascular, macrofungi, butterflies, uye zvipembenene. Izvi mhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa kutamba mabasa akakosha mukushanda kwe ecosystem uye zviratidzo zvakakosha zvehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwezvipenyu.
Iko kutyisidzira kukuru kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muSweden kune zvakawanda. Kuchinja kwekushandiswa kwevhu, kusanganisira kuguta uye kuwedzera kwekurima, kutungamirira ku kurasikirwa kwekugara uye kupatsanurwa, zvichikonzera kutamiswa uye kuderera kwemarudzi akawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, kurerutswa kwemasango ecosystem, zvichifambiswa netsika dzakasimba dzemasango, zvinogona kukanganisa kuchinja kugara musango Wildlife uye nharaunda dzezvirimwa.
Kuchinja kwemvura uye kushandiswa kwevhu munzvimbo dzine mvura uye mvura yakachena zvinopawo kune kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Manyoro inzvimbo dzinogara dzakakosha kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemarudzi, kusanganisira shiri, amphibians, uye zvirimwa zvemumvura. Zvakadaro, madhiraini ekurima nezvimwe zvinangwa anovhiringa zvipenyu izvi, zvichideredza kugona kwadzo kutsigira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
Chekupedzisira, mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze inokonzeresa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana eSweden. Kukwira kwetembiricha, kusanaya kwemvura, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kukanganisa ecological balance uye kutyisidzira kurarama kwemarudzi akawanda. Kunyanya, arctic uye alpine ecosystems, ayo ari kumusha kune akasiyana uye akasarudzika marudzi, ari panjodzi yekuchinjika kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze.
Tichifunga kukosha kweiyo biodiversity yekugadzikana kwe ecosystem uye vanhu hupenyu hwakanaka, zvakakosha kuita zvinobudirira matanho ekuchengetedza muSweden. Kuedza kwekuchengetedza kunofanirwa kutarisisa kuchengetedza kwekugara uye kudzoreredza, kusimudzira kushandiswa kwevhu kwakasimba maitiro, uye kuzivisa kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Kudyidzana pakati pemasangano ehurumende, maNGOs, uye nharaunda dzenharaunda ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakubudirira kwekuchengetedza.
Matanho Ekuchengetedza Ekuchengetedza Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muSweden
- Kugadzwa uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa: Kugadzira uye kuwedzera nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, dzakadai semapaki emunyika nenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvisikwa, inova nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugara uye inobvumira. mhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa kubudirira. Idzi nzvimbo dzinopa nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza iyo yese ecological balance.
- Habitat kudzorerwa: Mapurojekiti ekudzoreredza chinangwa chekusika patsva kana kusimudzira nzvimbo dzekugara dzakaparadzwa, zvichipa mamiriro akakodzera kuti mhuka dzeko dzigare nekuberekana. Aya mapurojekiti anowanzo tarisa kunzvimbo dzine mvura, masango, uye nzvimbo dzemahombekombe, sezvo izvi zvipenyu zvinotsigira huwandu hwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu muSweden.
- Sustainable land management: Kugamuchira utungamiriri hwevhu hunoenderera maitiro, akadai seagri-environment schemes uye masango akasimba, anogona kuderedza kukanganisa kwekushandiswa kwevhu pane zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Aya maitiro anoisa pamberi kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana tichiona kuenderera mberi kwekupihwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha ecosystem services.
- Kuchengetedza mhuka zvirongwa: Zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvakanangwa zvinotarisana nemhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa zvakakosha kuti zvirarame. Aya mapurogiramu anogona kusanganisira nhapwa kubereka, kudzorerwa kwekugara, uye zvichiongororwa yemaitiro ehuwandu hwekuzivisa zviito zvekuchengetedza.
- Ruzivo nedzidzo yeruzhinji: Kuzivisa kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kukosha kwekuchengetedza kwakakosha pakuumba pfungwa yeutariri pakati peveruzhinji. Mishandirapamwe yedzidzo, zvirongwa zvekusvika neveruzhinji, uye zvirongwa zvesainzi zvevagari zvinogona kuita basa rakakura mukuita vanhu mu kuchengetedza zvipenyu miedzo.
Matanho Ekudzivirira Zvipenyu MuSweden
Sweden yakatora matanho akakosha kuchengetedza hupfumi hwayo nhaka yechisikigo nekusimudzira kuchengetedza zvipenyu. Matanho aya akakosha pakuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuona kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwezvipenyu zvayo zvakasiyana-siyana. Nokuita zvirongwa zvekuita zvechikamu, kutanga nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, uye kubatanidza hunhu hwezvinhu zvipenyu mukuita sarudzo dzehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika, Sweden iri kushanda nesimba ichizadzisa zvinangwa zvayo zvekuchengetedza.
Biodiversity Kuchengetedza
Kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muSweden ibasa rine mativi mazhinji rinoda mazano akanangana nechikamu nekudyidzana. Kugadzirisa izvi, zvirongwa zvekuita zvechikamu zvakagadziridzwa kuti zvibatanidze zvinotariswa zvezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semasango nekurima. Zvirongwa izvi zvinopa gwara uye marongero anoyananisa zviitiko zvechikamu nezvinangwa zvekuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusimudzira maitiro ekuchengetedza uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwakashata kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nzvimbo Dzakachengetedzwa
Nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzinoita basa rinokosha pakuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu nokuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara dzakagadzikana uye kupa utiziro kumarudzi ari panjodzi. Sweden yakagadzira network yenzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa, kusanganisira mapaki emunyika, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza zvisikwa, uye nzvimbo dzeNatura 2000. Idzi nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzakakosha dzezvirimwa nemhuka, zvichibvumira ecosystem kuti ibudirire uye itsigire maitiro akakosha ezvakatipoteredza. Kutarisira nekungwarira uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa kunowedzera kubatsira mukuedza kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
“Nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzinoshanda semakona ekuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara uye nekupa nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzezvipenyu zvinotapukira.” - ChiSwedish Environmental Protection Agency
Kubatanidzwa muKuita Sarudzo
Ichiona kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, Sweden yakaita nhamburiko yekubatanidza hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana mukuita sarudzo dzehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika. Kubatanidzwa uku kunovimbisa kuti fungidziro dzezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana dzinoiswa mukugadzirisa mitemo, kuronga kushandiswa kwevhu, uye kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza. Nekubatanidza zvipenyu mukuita sarudzo, Sweden ine chinangwa chekuenzanisa pakati pebudiriro inoenderera uye kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yayo yakasarudzika.
Kuenderera mberi Kudyidzana uye Kuita
Kuwana kuchengetedza kunobudirira kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kunoda kubatana kwakasimba pakati pemasangano ehurumende, vanobatana, uye nharaunda. MuSweden, kuenderera mberi kwekushandira pamwe nekushandiswa kwe matanho ekuchengetedza zvakakosha pakubudirira kwe kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kuedza. Nekushanda pamwe chete, vanobatana vanogona kuwedzera kusimba kwe ecosystem, kukurudzira maitiro anogara aripo, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye mabasa evanhu.
Kupfupisa, matanho eSweden ekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana anosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwe zvirongwa zvekuita zvechikamu, kugadzwa kwenzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa, uye kubatanidzwa kwetsika dzakasiyana-siyana mukuita sarudzo. Matanho aya anoratidza kuzvipira kweSweden kuchengetedza nhaka yayo yechisikigo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwenguva refu kwezvipenyu zvayo.
Zvirongwa Zvekuita Zvedunhu zveGreen Infrastructure
Kuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kwe zvirongwa zvekuita zvematunhu nokuti Girinhi Infrastructure (GI) ita basa rakakosha mukuedza kweSweden kusvika utungamiriri hwevhu hunoenderera uye kuronga kushandiswa kwevhu kweveruzhinji. Zvirongwa izvi zvinopa hwaro hwekuronga mabasa ekuchengetedza nekusimudzira, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye ecosystem services.
Iwo 21 County Administrative Boards muSweden akapihwa basa rekugadzira zvirongwa zvezviito izvi, izvo zvinoisa hwaro hwezvirongwa zveGI padanho redunhu. Zvirongwa izvi zvinoshanda sehwaro hweruzivo rwe magariro ekutonga kwevhu, kugonesa kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo kutsigira kugara kwenguva refu kwezvose zvakatipoteredza uye nharaunda dzenharaunda.
Kubatanidza Kuchengetedza uye Kuronga Maitiro
Chinangwa cheizvi zvirongwa zvekuita zvematunhu ndere kuwiriranisa kuronga kwekushandiswa kwevhu netarisiro yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kugadzira kuwirirana pakati pezviitwa zvebudiriro nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakasikirwa. Nekubatanidza zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza mu kuronga kushandiswa kwevhu kweveruzhinji maitiro, zvirongwa izvi zvinovimbisa kuti mabasa ebudiriro anoitwa nenzira inoderedza kukanganisa kwakashata pane ecosystem uye inowedzera mukana wekukura kwakasimba.
"Kubatanidzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mumagadzirirwo ekushandiswa kwevhu kwakakosha kuti tiwane hutongi hwevhu uye kuchengetedza nhaka yedu yechisikigo." – County Administrative Board mumiriri
Kuti izvi zviitike, zvirongwa zvezviito zvinodonongodza nzira dzakananga uye nhungamiro dzekusimudzira kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa. Vanocherekedza nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekudzivirira uye kudzoreredza, senge nzvimbo dzekugara uye mikoridho, uye vanopa kurudziro yemaitiro ekutonga ivhu anotsigira kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu.
Basa reSweden Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Iyo Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoita basa rakakosha mukuronga kuitwa kwe Green Infrastructure zvirongwa, kupa rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi uye rutsigiro kune County Administrative Boards. EPA inovimbisa kubatanidzwa kwe zvirongwa zvekuita zvematunhu kupinda muzvirongwa nemaitiro ekuchengetedza enyika, achizvibatanidza nezvinangwa zvakafara zvezvakatipoteredza.
Uyezve, EPA inofambisa kudyidzana uye kugovana ruzivo pakati pe County Administrative Boards, ichigonesa nzira yakarongeka yekuitwa kweGI kumatunhu akasiyana eSweden. Kudyidzana uku kunobatsira kufambisa nhamburiko, kugovera maitiro akanakisa, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko anosanganikwa nawo mukuitwa kwezvirongwa zvedunhu.
Kusimudzira Sustainable Land Management
Zvirongwa zvedunhu reGreen Infrastructure muSweden hazvingocherechedze kukosha kwekuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana asiwo zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekutonga kwevhu kwakasimba. Nekubatanidza misimboti yeGI mukuronga kwekushandiswa kwevhu, zvirongwa izvi zvinobatsira mukuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzakasimba dzinogona kumirisana nemamiriro ekunze.
Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira zvivakwa, senge nzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzakasvibira, mikoto yakasvibira, nenzvimbo dzakasvibira, zvirongwa izvi zvinokurudzira kushandiswa kwevhu kwakasimba izvo zvinosimudzira masevhisi ecosystem, kutsigira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, uye kunatsiridza hupenyu hwese hwevagari.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha zveDunhu Rekuita Zvirongwa zveGreen Infrastructure
| Zvirongwa Zvekuita | tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Kuzivikanwa kweEcologically Sensitive Areas | Mepu uye kuisa pamberi penzvimbo dzinoda kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha uye kuedza kuchengetedza. |
| Kudzorerwa Kwenzvimbo Yekugara uye Kusikwa | Matanho ekudzoreredza nzvimbo dzekugara dzakaparara uye kugadzira matsva ekusimudzira kusiyana kwezvipenyu. |
| Green Corridors uye Kubatana | Kukurudzira kugadzwa kwemakorido uye kubatana pakati penzvimbo dzakakamukana kuti zvifambire kufamba kwezvipenyu. |
| Kubatanidzwa kweGI mu Urban Planning | Kubatanidza zvakasvibirira zvivakwa zvemukati mumadhorobha mapurojekiti ebudiriro kuwedzera kurarama uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu. |
| Stakeholder Engagement | Kubatanidza nharaunda dzenharaunda, masangano, uye vanobatana mukuronga uye kuita zvirongwa zveGI. |
| Monitoring uye Evaluation | Kugadzira nzira dze zvichiongororwa kushanda kweGI zvirongwa uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa. |
Nekuita zvirongwa izvi zvedunhu, Sweden inoenderera mberi nekuita nhanho dzakakosha mukutonga kwevhu kwakasimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu. Iko kubatanidzwa kwezvakasvibirira zvivakwa nheyo mu kuronga kushandiswa kwevhu kweveruzhinji inochengetedza kuchengetedzwa nekudzoreredzwa kwezvipenyu zvechisikigo, zvichigadzira kuenzana pakati pezviitwa zvebudiriro nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana.
Kusimudzira Green Infrastructure muSweden
Sweden iri kushingairira kusimudzira Green Infrastructure (GI) mumitemo yayo yezvakatipoteredza nemirau. The Swedish Environmental Code uye Kuronga uye Kuvaka Mutemo vakaisa mirau yakatarwa kuchengetedza kiyi biotopes, kutanga kuronga uye kubvumidza maitiro, uye kukurudzira ecosystem masevhisi.
The Swedish Environmental Code inoisa nhungamiro yekushandiswa kwevhu kwakasimba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zviitiko zvebudiriro zvinotarisisa kuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye ecosystem. Iyi kodhi inoita basa rakakosha mukubatanidza misimboti yeGI muSweden mutemo wezvakatipoteredza framework.
"Green Infrastructure chinhu chakakosha chedu mutemo wezvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti budiriro irambe iripo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muSweden. Nekubatanidza GI mumitemo yedu yekuronga uye kuvaka, tiri kuona kuti hupenyu hurefu hwemagariro edu kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. " - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Kuronga uye Kuvaka Mutemo rinotarisa kuvandudzwa kwemaguta, tichitarisa kuchengetedzwa nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzechisikigo mukati menzvimbo dzemaguta. Inosimbisa kukosha kwekubatanidza nzvimbo dzakasvibirira, dzakadai semapaki, mapindu, uye matenga padenga, mu inovakwa nharaunda, zvichiita kuti pave nekuenzanisa pakati pekukura kwemadhorobha uye kuchengetedza zvakasikwa.
| Environmental Policy | Sisitimu Yemutemo |
|---|---|
| Swedish Environmental Code | Kuronga uye Kuvaka Mutemo |
Pamusoro pehurongwa hwemutemo, Sweden inoshandisawo iyo Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) framework kugadzirisa matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uye kukurudzira kuenderera mberi. The EQOs chimiro inosanganisira zvakanangwa zvekuchengetedza masango nenzvimbo dzakanyorova, izvo zvinobatsira kune zvese zvinangwa zveGI kuita munyika.
Hurumende yeSweden, pamwe chete nemasangano akasiyana siyana, yakaita mazano, zvirongwa, uye mishandirapamwe yekuwedzera kutsigira kufambiswa kweGI. Zvirongwa izvi zvine chinangwa chekusimudzira ruzivo, kukurudzira kubatana pakati pevanobata, uye kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwemisimboti yeGI mukugadzira mitemo uye zvirongwa zvemaguta.
Mabhenefiti eMainstreaming Green Infrastructure
Mainstreaming GI muSweden inopa akawanda mabhenefiti kune ese nharaunda uye nzanga. Nekubatanidza nzvimbo dzakasvibira uye zvinhu zvakasikwa munzvimbo dzemadhorobha, Sweden inogona kusimudzira zvipenyu, kuvandudza mhepo nemvura, kudzikisira mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kuwedzera kugara zvakanaka kwevagari vayo.
Iko kukwidziridzwa kweGI kunopawo kune yakagadzikana manejimendi epasi uye kugona zviwanikwa. Inobatsira kuderedza kuguta kupisa chitsuwa migumisiro, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kupa mikana yokutandara kune vagari vemo. Uyezve, GI inotsigira kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvepanyika uye zvipenyu, zvichigadzira nharaunda inogadzikana uye yakasiyana-siyana yenguva yemberi.
Kuburikidza nekuzvipira kwayo kusimudzira GI, Sweden iri kutungamira nzira mukuratidza nzira iyo yakasvibira zvivakwa zvinogona kunyatsobatanidzwa mumatongerwo ezvakatipoteredza uye mirau, ichigadzira yakagadzikana uye inobudirira nharaunda yakavakirwa.
Kuitwa kweGreen Infrastructure Projects muSweden
Sweden yanga ichibatikana mukuitwa kwemapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana eGreen Infrastructure (GI), ese ari munzvimbo nenzvimbo. Zvirongwa izvi zvine chinangwa chekusimudzira budiriro ye urban green infrastructure uye kudzoreredza nzizi nenzvimbo dzemvura, zvichibatsira mukusimudzirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana siyana munyika.
Mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa we GI mapurojekiti ndiko kuvandudzwa kwemavara egirinhi nebhuruu muSkåne. Mapurojekiti aya anotarisa mukugadzira nzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzakasvibirira mukati memaguta, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita semapaki, matenga egirinhi, uye masango emudhorobha. Kubatanidzwa kweidzi nzvimbo dzakasvibirira hakungo wedzera aesthetics ye guta asi zvakare inopa huwandu hwezvakanakira zvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kuvandudzwa air quality, yakawedzera kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, uye kuwedzera kutsungirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
"Kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvegirinhi nebhuruu muSkåne kunoratidza kuzvipira kwevakuru venzvimbo kugadzira nharaunda inogarika uye inogarika kune vagari vayo." – Anders Lundberg, Project Manager kuSkåne County Council
Imwe danho rinocherechedzwa kubatanidza ecosystem masevhisi mukuronga mukati Stockholm. Ichi chirongwa chine chinangwa chekucherechedza nekubatanidza kukosha kwesevhisi ecosystem, senge kabhoni sequestration, kucheneswa kwemvura, uye mukume, muhurongwa hwekuronga kweguta. Nekurangarira masevhisi aya, vanogadzira mitemo nevarongi vanogona kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo dzinokurudzira kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa uye kuwedzera kugara zvakanaka kwevagari vemuguta.
In maguta saUmeå, kuitwa kwezvinangwa zvakasvibirira kwawedzera simba. Izvi zvinangwa zvinokurudzira kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibira uye dhizaini inogadzikana nheyo mu kukura kwemaguta mapurojekiti. Nekukoshesa zvivakwa zvakasvibirira, Umeå inovavarira kugadzira guta rinosimba uye rinoenderana nenharaunda, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinogona kunakidzwa nemabhenefiti echisikigo mukati medhorobha.
Kuburikidza neizvi GI mapurojekiti, Sweden iri kuisa muenzaniso kune dzimwe nyika mukukoshesa kubatanidzwa kwezvisikwa uye nzvimbo dzakavakwa. Nekugadzira nzvimbo dzakasvibira, kudzoreredza mitumbi yemvura, uye nekubatanidza ecosystem masevhisi mumagadzirirwo ekuronga, Sweden haisi kungosimudzira hupenyu hwevagari vayo asiwo kuchengetedza hupfumi hwayo hwakasiyana-siyana kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Mienzaniso yeGreen Infrastructure Projects muSweden:
| purojekiti | nzvimbo | mhando |
|---|---|---|
| Kuvandudzwa kweGreen uye Blue Structures | Skåne | Urban green infrastructure |
| Kubatanidzwa kweEcosystem Services muKuronga | Stockholm | Kuronga uye patani |
| Kuitwa kweGreen Targets | Umeå | Budiriro yedhorobha |
Kukurukurirana uye Kuziva kweEcosystem Services muSweden
Hurumende yeSweden yatora danho rekusimudzira kunzwisisa uye kukoshesa mabasa eecosystem nekutanga mushandirapamwe wekutaurirana pamwe nekubatana neSweden Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Mushandirapamwe uyu wakagadzirirwa kuzivisa vanhu vakasiyana-siyana, mumasangano akazvimiririra uye ehurumende, maererano nekukosha kwesevhisi yezvipenyu uye kukosha kwazvo muzvikamu zvakasiyana nemaindasitiri.
The mushandirapamwe wekutaurirana inobatanidza zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuparadzira ruzivo zvinobudirira uye kubata vanobatanidzwa. Masemina nemawekishopu achaitwa kufambisa nhaurirano dzekudyidzana uye kukurudzira kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemabhenefiti akawanda anobva kuecosystem services. Nekupa chikuva chekuchinjana ruzivo uye kubatana, zviitiko izvi zvinogonesa vanobatana kuti vaongorore nzira dzakasiyana siyana idzo masevhisi ecosystem anobatsira mukugara zvakanaka kwevanhu uye budiriro inoenderera.
Chinhu chakakosha che mushandirapamwe wekutaurirana ndiko kugadzirwa kweecosystem services network muSweden, inozoshanda senzvimbo yekutsinhana ruzivo, maitiro akanakisa, uye kubatana. Iyi network ichaunza pamwe chete vaongorori, varapi, vanogadzira mitemo, uye vamwe vane chekuita, kufambisa kudyidzana kunobatsira uye kugovana zviitiko, zvinonetsa, uye nyaya dzebudiriro zvine chekuita nemasevhisi ecosystem. Kuburikidza netiweki iyi, vanobatana vanogona kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwavo kweecosystem masevhisi uye kuongorora nzira dzekuvandudza dzekuvabatanidza mukuita kwavo sarudzo.
Mushandirapamwe uyu wekutaurirana unoratidza kuzvipira kweSweden mukusimudzira kukosha kwesevhisi ecosystem uye kusimudzira tsika yekusimudzira. Nekubatanidza vatori vechikamu vehurumende nevemasangano akazvimiririra, mushandirapamwe uyu une chinangwa chekuvaka kunzwisisa kwakaungana kukosha kwekuchengetedza nekusimudzira masevhisi ecosystem kuitira kubatsira kwenguva refu nharaunda nenharaunda.
Mabhenefiti Akakosha eMushandirapamwe Wekutaurirana:
- Kusimudza ruzivo pamusoro pekukosha kweecosystem services
- Kufambisa kushandura ruzivo uye kubatana pakati pevatambi
- Kukurudzira budiriro yakadzikama uye kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo
- Kugadzirisa kubatanidzwa kweecosystem masevhisi muzvikamu zvakasiyana uye maindasitiri
- Kukurudzira tsika yekutenda nekuchengetedza ecosystem masevhisi
Kuenderera mberi Kutarisisa uye Kuzivisa kweBidiversity muSweden
Sweden inoisa kukosha kukuru pakutarisa uye kubika kufambira mberi pakuwana kwayo zvinangwa zvehutano hwezvakatipoteredza (EQOs) uye zvibodzwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Iri basa rakakosha rinoitwa nemasangano ehurumende ane mutoro, ayo anopa zvigadziriso zvepagore nezvemamiriro ekunze, matanho akaiswa, uye mafambiro ebudiriro. Iyi mishumo yakazara inoita basa rakakura mukuronda kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muSweden uye kuona nzvimbo dzinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya uye kuita.
Nekuenderera mberi nekutarisa mamiriro ezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, Sweden inogona kuongorora kushanda kwemabasa ekuchengetedza aripo uye kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo maererano nezvirongwa zveramangwana. Iyo data inounganidzwa kuburikidza nekutarisa inozivisa vanogadzira mitemo, masayendisiti uye vane chekuita nezve mamiriro aripo ezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichivagonesa kuongorora kukanganisa kwezviitiko zvevanhu, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye zvimwe zvinhu pane zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
“Kutarisisa uye kushuma zvinhu zvakakosha pakuongorora kushanda kwemaitiro ekuchengetedza uye kuona kuzvidavirira. Vanopa ruzivo rwakakosha mukufambira mberi kwakaitwa kune zvinangwa zvezvakatipoteredza uye vanobatsira mukugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa matambudziko ari kubuda. "
Kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekutarisa hwakasimba, Sweden inogona kuyera kufambira mberi kwayo zvinangwa zvehutano hwezvakatipoteredza uye vape nhungamiro yakavakirwa pauchapupu kune vanogadzira mitemo. Zvirongwa izvi zvinotarisa zvakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira marudzi evanhu, unhu hwekugara, mvura nemhepo, uye hutano hwe ecosystem. Nekutevera zviratidzo izvi nekufamba kwenguva, Sweden inogona kuona mafambiro, mapatani, uye kutyisidzira kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti kupindira kwakanangwa kuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza nharaunda dzisina njodzi.
Kuita Sarudzo yakavakirwa pauchapupu
Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa uye kubika kubatsira kuzivisa humbowo hwekuita sarudzo mukuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyo data yakaunganidzwa inobvumira vanogadzira mitemo kuti vaongorore kushanda kwezvino nzira dzekuchengetedza, tsvaga nzvimbo dzinodiwa chimwe chiito, uye koshesa zviwanikwa zvinoenderana. Inobatsirawo mukuongorora kubudirira kwemitemo uye zvirongwa zvine chinangwa chekuzadzisa zveSweden zvinangwa zvehutano hwezvakatipoteredza.
Uyezve, kuongorora uye kubika kupa hwaro hwekuenzanisa nedzimwe nyika nekudyidzana mukuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekugovana data neruzivo nedzimwe nyika, Sweden inogona kubatsira mukuedza kwepasirese kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvebudiriro.
Basa reVabatiri
Kuongorora uye kushuma pamusoro pekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu muSweden kunosanganisira kubatana pakati pevashandi vakasiyana, kusanganisira masangano ehurumende, masangano ekutsvagisa, masangano asiri ehurumende, uye nharaunda. Vanodavidzani vanoita basa rakakosha mukuunganidza data, hunyanzvi hwekugovana, uye kuita matanho ekuchengetedza zvichienderana neruzivo rwunowanikwa kuburikidza nekuongorora.
Sweden inokurudzira kushingaira kutora chikamu uye kubatanidzwa kubva kune vese vanobatana kuti ive nechokwadi chakakwana uye chinosanganisirwa chekutarisa uye kushuma masisitimu. Nekubatana nenharaunda nemasangano evagari vemo, Sweden ine chinangwa chekusimudzira zvirongwa zvekutarisisa nharaunda uye kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha kubva kune avo vakabatana zvakananga kune ecosystem.
mhedziso
Sweden iri kushanda nesimba kuyedza kuchengetedza hupfumi hwayo hwakapfuma munzvimbo dzakavakwa. Kuburikidza nekugadzwa kwezvirongwa zvekuita zvechikamu uye kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, nyika iri kutora matanho akakosha kuchengetedza nhaka yayo yechisikigo. Pamusoro pezvo, kubatanidzwa kwehunhu hwakasiyana-siyana mukuita sarudzo kunopa kuti kugarisika kwenguva refu kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveSweden kunoiswa pamberi.
Nekudaro, matambudziko anoramba aripo, uye kuenderera mberi kwekubatana uye kuita matanho ekuchengetedza kwakakosha kuzvikunda. Nekushanda pamwe chete, Sweden inogona kuwiriranisa zvipenyu zvayo nenzvimbo yakavakirwa, ichigadzira a remangwana rakasimba kune zvose zvakasikwa uye nzanga.
Kuburikidza nekuedza uku kwakazvipira, Sweden iri kutumira meseji ine simba kupasirese nezvekukosha kwe kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kudiwa kwematanho ekuchengetedza akasimba. The zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza Zvakaitwa muSweden zvinokurudzira dzimwe nyika kuti dzitore matanho uye dzishande mukuchengetedza iwo ega siyana zvipenyu pamberi pezvimhingamipinyi zviri kuwedzera uye kukura kwemaguta.
