Valencia Mafashamo 2024: Basa reKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze uye 1957 Turia River Diversion.

“Kuona mvura ichikwira pasofa rangu ndokuzokwira panzvimbo yebasa rangu rokubikira kwakatyisa zvikuru. Ndinogara ndega muimba yepasi. Kunze kwekunge ndaiva nemuchina wangu wokuwachisa muberere rangu rekuseri, handina chokwadi kuti vavakidzani vangu vari pauriri hwekutanga vangadai vakandibatsira sei kutiza mafashamo. Neimwe nzira, nerubatsiro rwavo nekubatana, ini nembwa yangu, Chiwi, takakwira kwakachengeteka. Ndinogara ndichionga.” Patricia Sousa Sardinha

Mafashamo akatsvaira muValencia mukupera kwaGumiguru 2024 aive pakati peakanyanya kuparadza munhoroondo, achifumura. nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kusvika kukuparadzwa kusati kwamboitika. Imwe “gota fría” isinganeti yakaunza kunaya kwemvura zhinji, ichidonhedza mvura ingangoita gore mumaawa makumi maviri nemana. Iro gota fría iro rinoturikira kudonha kunotonhora, rinodaidzwa zviri pamutemo DANA.

Migwagwa yakachinjwa kuva nzizi dzinotyisa, dzichitsvaira motokari uye dzichisiya nharaunda dzose dzanyura. Misha izvo zvakanga zvamira kwezvizvarwa zvakaderedzwa kuva matemba akazara nemvura, nemhuri dzichitsvanzvadzira kuchengetedza zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zvadzaigona kutakura sezvo mafashamo aikwira nokukurumidza.

“Ndinongova mumwe wezviuru zvakarasikirwa nezvose. Asi isu tiri vapenyu. Tinoziva kuti tisu tine rombo rakanaka uye tinotumira tsitsi dzedu dzakadzama uye tsitsi kumhuri nevadikani veavo vasina rombo rakanaka sesu.

Iye zvino, pamwe chete nevamwe vakawanda, ndiri kwokuzvipira kubatsira vamwe uye kugadzirisa.” Patricia Sousa Sardinha

Patricia, uyo akapona uye ava kuzvipira, akatora mavhidhiyo nemifananidzo zviri munyaya ino. Akarasikirwa nezvose. Heino yake GoFundMe peji. Chero mupiro mudiki unogamuchirwa, sezvakaita migove pasocial media.

Mhinduro dzevakuru kuValencia Mafashamo 2024 Yakawedzera Kutsoropodzwa

Mhinduro kubva kune zviremera kumafashamo e2024 muValencia yakashoropodza zvakanyanya, sezvo vagari vazhinji vakanzwa vakasiiwa muawa yavo yekushaiwa. Kunonoka kuendesa masevhisi echimbichimbi kwakasiya nharaunda dziri munjodzi kuti dzizvichengetedze, nemabasa ekununura aderera zvinosiririsa pane zvaidiwa. Nharaunda dzakazara dzakawana tsigiro shoma yehurumende mumaawa anokosha emangwanani, zvichiwedzera kutambura kwaavo vakavharirwa mumvura inokwira. Hasha uye kuvhiringidzika zvakawedzera apo Mambo Felipe VI akashanyira nharaunda yakaparadzwa.

Kuvapo kwake, kwaida kunyaradza, kwakamutsa hasha pakati pevagari venzvimbo iyi vaida kuzvidavirira pakutadza kunofungidzirwa kwehurumende. Mapoka akaseka uye akapopotera mambo, achiratidza hasha dzawo pamusoro pedziviriro isina kukwana yemafashamo uye makore okuregeredzwa. kwezvivako mumasabhubhu. Mambo, kazhinji kacho munhu anobatanidza, akazviwana atarisana neruzhinji rwakaodzwa moyo uye ruchishuvira kuita, achiratidza kusawirirana kuri kuramba kuchikura pakati pevanhu nevatungamiriri vavo mukutarisana nenjodzi dzinodzokororwa dzemamiriro ekunze.

Maguta eSuburban sePaiporta nePicanya Akarohwa Zvakaoma

Nemhaka yekushayikwa kwedziviriro yakasimba yemafashamo inodzivirira nechepakati peValencia, nzvimbo idzi dzakava nzvimbo isina kuparadzwa. Vagari vakatsanangura mvura yairovera mumigwagwa yavo nekumhanya kunotyisa, ichisiya nguva shoma yekutiza. Vanoona nezve emergency vakanetsekana kuti vafambirane nehuwandu hwekufona kwenhamo sezvo zviuru zvevanhu zvakavharirwa mudzimba dzavo. Zvikoro, mabhizinesi, uye zvivakwa zveveruzhinji zvakasiiwa zvava matongo, zvichikonzera dambudziko guru rehupfumi kunzanga dzagara dziri kunetsekana nematambudziko ekuwedzera kwemaguta.

Mukati menyonganyonga, nyaya dzeushingi nekurasikirwa dzakabuda. Vekutanga vaipindura vakashanda nesimba, vachifamba nemafungu ane ngozi kununura vagari vakamanikidzwa, nepo vavakidzani vakaumba cheni dzevanhu kuti vabatsirane kusvika pakakwirira. Nenzira inosuruvarisa, mafashamo akauraya vanhu vanoverengeka, chiyeuchidzo chinosuruvarisa chesimba guru re muzvarirwo. Kune vakawanda vanopona, kurwara kwepfungwa kwekutarisa dzimba dzavo uye raramo kukukurwa kwaityisa sokuparadza chaiko. Mugumisiro wemafashamu wakasiya kumashure kwemarara uye kuora mwoyo, uye nzira yekupora inotarisirwa kutora makore.

Kuparadza kwacho kuchashanda semutsindo wekumutsa hurumende dzemuno nedzenyika. Iyo Turia River diversion, ichibudirira mukudzivirira iyo guta pakati, yakasimbisa painogumira sezvo nzvimbo dziri kunze kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira dzakatakura dambudziko renjodzi. As nyanzvi uye vakuru vakuru vakaongorora kukanganisa, inoda kuti iwedzere mafashama manejimendi mazano akakura zvikuru, achisimbisa kudikanwa kwokukurumidzira kuchinjira kunyika uko mamiriro okunze akaipisisa zviitiko zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera uye zvakanyanya.

Iyo Sainzi Kuseri kwe1957 Turia River Diversion uye Nhaka Yayo

Muna 1957, guta reValencia rakatarisana nerimwe rematongo aro anoparadza zvikuru njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga apo Rwizi rweTuria rwakaputika mahombekombe arwo, ruchizadza nzvimbo huru dzeguta uye kuuraya vanosvika makumi masere nerimwe. Mvura yemafashamo yakasvika mamita mashanu kune dzimwe nzvimbo, ichikonzera kuparadza kwakapararira. Njodzi iyi yakakurudzira chiito chekukurumidza kubva kune zviremera, zvakashandisa "Plan Sur," ruzhinji rwevanhu ouinjiniya chirongwa chekutsausa Rwizi rweTuria kure nepakati peguta.

Diversion, yakapedzwa mukupera kwema1960, yakadzoreredza Rwizi rweTuria kumaodzanyemba uye yakagadzira rwizi rwakaoma pakati peValencia. Iyi chiteshi chisina chinhu chakazoshandurwa kuita Turia Gardens, 9-kilomita-yakareba paki yemudhorobha iyo yave imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa muguta. nzvimbo dzakasvibirira. Nekudaro, nepo purojekiti ichirumbidzwa sekukunda kwekudzivirira mafashama, sainzi kuseri kwemafashama emasimba uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze inopa maonero akasiyana-siyana ayo kuchinja.

Hydrological Insights: Mashandiro eRwizi Diversion

Iyo "Plan Sur" yakashandura zvakanyanya hydrology yeTuria River basin. Nokutsausa rwizi. injini zvakadzikamisa njodzi yemafashamo kusvika pakati peValencia, ichidzivirira zvivakwa zvakakosha uye nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda kubva kune ramangwana. Kutsauka kwacho kwaisanganisira kugadzira mugero mutsva wakagadzirwa kuti utarise huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwemvura murwizi. Sarudzo iyi yaive yakavakirwa pazvidzidzo zvakakura zve hydrological panguva iyoyo, iyo yakaongorora nhoroondo yemafashama maitiro uye huwandu hwepamusoro hwekuyerera.

Zvisinei, the kuverenga zvakaitwa muma1950 nema1960 hazvina kutsanangura kukurumidza kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvakachinja zvakanyanya mafambiro emvura uye kuwedzera kusimba kwezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya. Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaburitswa mumagazini ezve hydrology nesainzi yemamiriro ekunze zvakaratidza kuti kudziya kwemuchadenga kuri kukonzera kunaya kwemvura zhinji uye kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera mafashama anonetsa kufembera nekugadzirisa.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze: Sayenzi Iri Kuseri Kwemafashamo Akawedzera

Mafashamo a2024 muValencia akafambiswa nechiitiko chemamiriro ekunze chinonzi "gota fría" kana kudonha kunotonhora. Izvi zvinoitika apo mhepo inotonhora yakawanda inodhumhana nemhepo inodziya, ine mwando pamusoro peGungwa reMediterranean, zvichiita kuti mvura inaye zvakanyanya uye kwenguva refu. Sezvo tembiricha yepasi rose ichikwira, Mediterranean yave nzvimbo inokonzeresa mamiriro ekunze anokonzeresa kusagadzikana. Tembiricha yegungwa inodziya inowedzera kupfupfudzika, uko kunozotakurawo mhepo yakapoteredza pasi nehunyoro hwakawanda. Kana mwando uyu waburitswa, mvura inozobuda inorema kudarika maavhareji enhoroondo.

Ichangopfuura kudzidza neEuropean Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts inoratidza kuti kudziya kwemvura yeMediterranean kuri kuwedzera sei zviitiko izvi. Mafashamo emuna 2024 akaunza mvura ingangoita gore muzuva rimwe chete, ichikurisa madhiraini echisikigo uye akagadzirwa. Nepo kutsauka kweRwizi rweTuria kwakadzivirira pakati peValencia kubva kune njodzi yakaipisisa, nzvimbo dzakapoteredza guta, dzisina dziviriro dzakafanana nemafashamo, dzakakuvadzwa nenjodzi.

Geospatial uye Urban Planning Limitations

Mafashama masimba enjodzi ya2024 zvakare akajekesa kudzikamiswa kwe geospatial ye1957 diversion chirongwa. Nepo nzira yenzizi yekugadzira yakakwanisa kudzivirira mafashamo kubva pakati peValencia, haina kuita zvishoma kugadzirisa njodzi kumataundi ari padyo nenzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzichangoburwa dzakawedzera mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura. As maguta kukura uye kupararira kwemaguta kunopararira munzvimbo dzinowanzoita mafashamo, nzvimbo dzisingapindiki semigwagwa uye zvivakwa kuderedza kugona kwevhu kunwa mvura inonaya, zvichiwedzera kuyerera uye njodzi yemafashamo.

Dr. Carmen Sánchez, mazvikokota wemvura paPolytechnic University of Valencia, anotsanangura sayenzi inokonzera kukanganisa uku: “Kuwedzera kwemaguta kwapfuura zvivako zvekugadzirisa mafashamo. Takavaka pamipata isina mvura inopedza mvura yakakwana, uye mhando dzedu, dzaimboita sedzakasimba, hadzina kukwana kuoma kwemvura kunounzwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. "

Future-Proofing Mafashamo Management

Kuti vajairane neichi chitsva chemamiriro ekunze, vesainzi nevarongi vemaguta vari kudaidzira kuti pave nemaitiro akazara kusimba kwemafashama. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa advanced hydrological modeling kufanotaura mafashama emangwana mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana. Mainjiniya ari kuongororawo kushandiswa kwepavement inopindika, yemudhorobha matope, uye girinhi matenga ekuwedzera kunyura kwemvura mumaguta. Pamusoro pezvo, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kugadzirwa kwenzira dzechipiri dzemafashama uye mabheseni ekuchengetedza mvura kuti zvigadzirise kuyerera kwakanyanya.

Mhosva yeTuria River diversion inoratidza zvose kubudirira uye zvisingakwanisi pakati pe20th-century engineering. Kunyange zvazvo pasina mubvunzo yakaponesa upenyu husingaverengeki uye yakadzivirira Valencia kubva kumafashamo makuru, zvino zviri pachena kuti mamwe matanho akazara, ane ruzivo rwesainzi anodiwa. Kugadzirisa njodzi yemafashama munyika inodziya inoda nzira dzakasiyana siyana, kubatanidza meteorology, hydrology, sainzi yemamiriro ekunze, uye hurongwa hwemadhorobha hwakasimba.

Mafashamo a2024 anofanirwa kushanda semutsindo wekumuka: kunyangwe zvimiro zveinjiniya senge Turia River diversion hazvichakwane mukuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Valencia's remangwana manejimendi mafashama anofanirwa kusanganisa zvidzidzo zvenhoroondo netsvakiridzo yesainzi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti guta rakagadzirira kunetsa kwemamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja.