Vancouver Pamusoro peGreen Zvivakwa uye Vagadziri Vavo

Vancouver mutungamiri wepasi rose mu girinhi uye zvakatipoteredza zvivakwa. Kuzvipira kweguta ku kuchengetedza inoonekwa mumhando dzakasiyana dze eco-hushamwari zvimiro, kubva kunzvimbo dzevaenzi dzevaenzi kuenda kune dzepamusoro-soro dzekutsvagisa nzvimbo. Zvivakwa izvi zvinoratidzira-zvishandiso zvakanaka kuvaka nzira, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza nzira dzekudzikisa, uye kuchengetedza mari kwenguva refu¹.

Vancouver's zvivako zvakasvibirira chikamu chakakosha, sezvo zvivakwa zviri yechipiri pakukura sosi ye greenhouse gas emissions muMetro Vancouver, ichiburitsa anopfuura mamirioni mana metric tonne pagore¹. Chirongwa cheguta cheClimate Emergency Response, chakabvumidzwa muna Kubvumbi 2019, chine chinangwa chekudzikira. kabhoni kubva pazvivakwa zvitsva uye kuvaka ne40% ne2030 zvichienzaniswa neyekutanga 2018.

Vancouver ine mienzaniso yakawanda LEED Certified Buildings uye Magadzirirwo Anoshanda Nesimba izvo zvinoratidza kuzvipira kweguta Sustainable Architecture. Aya mapurojekiti ekutanga anoratidza kugona kwe eco-hushamwari dhizaini kuwedzera kushanda kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuvandudza kugara zvakanaka kwevagari⁷.

Iyo Vancouver Convention Center West, semuenzaniso, ndiyo yekutanga chivakwa cherudzi rwayo kuwana mbiri LEED platinamu zita.⁷. Saizvozvo, iyo Suzlon One Earth campus muIndia ine platinamu LEED chitupa, ichigadzira 80% yezvinodiwa zvemagetsi pa-saiti kubva kusimba remhepo uye 20% kubva solar power⁷. Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti sei dhizaini inogadzikana mazano anogona kushandiswa pamwero mukuru kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza⁸.

• Vancouver mutungamiri wepasi rose mu kutsigira akitekicha, kuratidza eco-hushamwari zvivakwa nemagadzirirwo matsva nemaitiro ekuvaka.
• Guta rezvivakwa zvakasvibirira zveguta rinoita basa rakakosha mukudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa, nezvivakwa zviri yechipiri pakukura sosi muMetro Vancouver.
• Vancouver's Climate Emergency Response chirongwa chine chinangwa chekudzikisa zvakanyanya yakasanganiswa kabhoni kubuda kwezvivakwa zvitsva uye kuvaka panosvika 2030.
• Zvivakwa zvakasvibira muVancouver zvinoshandisa nzira-dzinoshanda, nzira dzekudzikisa nharaunda, uye dzinopa mari yenguva refu yekuchengetedza.
• Inenge 90% yenguva yedu inopedzerwa muzvivakwa, kuratidza iyo kukosha yenzvimbo dzekuvaka dzine hutano uye dzinoshanda¹.

Vancouver yakabuda semutungamiri mu kuenderera kwekuvaka, ine zvivakwa zvayo zvakasvibirira zvinoshanda semienzaniso inopenya yenzira dzekuvaka dzinoshanda zvakanaka uye mazano ekuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.². Aya maumbirwo anokoshesa kushandiswa kwe renewable zvinhu, kudzokorodza, uye pane-saiti simba chizvarwa kuderedza yavo kabhoni tsoka uye kukurudzira kuchengetedza mari kwenguva refu.

Zvivakwa zvakasvibirira zveVancouver zvinoshandisa akati wandei ehunyanzvi hwekuvaka hunyanzvi hwekuita hunyanzvi hwekushandisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuponesa uye kushandiswazve kwe zvekuvakisa, pamwe nekugamuchirwa kwekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa maitiro ekuderedza marara². Guta racho chivakwa chakasvibirira chikamu zvakare chinotarisa kubatanidzwa kwesimba-rinoshanda matekinoroji, akadai semapombi ekupisa, kusimudzira kuita kwese uye kusimba kwezvimiro izvi.

Mukuwirirana nezvinangwa zvekusimudzira zveguta, zvivakwa zvegirinhi zveVancouver zvakagadzirirwa kuve zero-emissions uye kubatanidza zvinhu zvakaderera- kana kabhoni-negative.³. Zvimiro izvi zvakare zvinotungamira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakatenderedzwa uye maitiro, nechinangwa chekudzikisa tsoka yavo yezvakatipoteredza uye kubatsira mukusimba kweguta kwenguva refu pamberi pe kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.

The investment in maitiro ekuvaka egirini muVancouver yakaratidza kukosha kwakakosha kwenguva refu yekuchengetedza mutengo². Aya magadzirirwo akasimba haangodzikisi chete kushandiswa kwesimba uye mari yekushanda asi inopawo kudzoka kwepamusoro pakudyara kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwemitengo yezvivakwa uye kuderedzwa kwemari yekugadzirisa³. Kuzvipira kweguta pakuvaka zvakasvibirira kwakagadzira chikamu chiri kusimukira chinoenderera mberi nekutyaira utsanzi uye kukurudzira kubatsirwa kwehupfumi kwekugadzirwa kwakasimba.

“Dzidziso dzezvivakwa muVancouver hadzisi dzekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba chete; ndezvekugadzira zvivakwa zvinosimba, zvinochinjika, uye zvinoenderana nezvakasikwa mhepo mvura nenzvimbo. "

Kuzvipira kwaVancouver ku maitiro ekuvaka egirini yakaisa guta semutungamiri wenyika yose kuenderera kwekuvaka, ichipa purani yekuti mamwe makanzuru atevere². Kuburikidza nemaitiro matsva ekuvaka, strategic kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kutarisa kwenguva refu mutengo-kugona, Zvivakwa zvakasvibirira zveVancouver zviri kumisa mwero wezvivakwa zvinoshandisa simba zvinoisa pamberi pekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu nepasi.

Rwendo rweVancouver kuenda Sustainable Architecture yakaratidzwa nezviitiko zvakakosha mukati memakumi maviri emakore apfuura. Guta rakaramba richisundidzira miganhu ye green building design, kubva pakuvandudzwa kwekutanga seCK Choi Building muna 1996 kusvika kune zvimwe zvichangobva kuitika seEvolve faculty uye dzimba dzekurojesa vashandi. Iyi shanduko yakaona kubatanidzwa kwekuwedzera kufambira mberi zvinogoneka, zvakaita se dzinongoitika ventilation hurongwa, kuchera mvura yemvura, uye kushandiswa kwematanda akawanda⁴.

Kuzvipira kweguta ku kuchengetedza yakasimbiswa nezvirongwa zvakaita seGreen Building Action Plan, iyo inopa maitiro akarongeka kugadzira zvivakwa zvinoita net-positive mipiro kune vanhu uye zvakasikwa masisitimu⁵.

Imwe yemadhiraivha akakosha ekuvaka kwakasimba muVancouver kwave kuri kukura kwekuziva kwekudikanwa kwekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.⁴. Kubudiswa kwegasi regreenhouse muCanada kwakawedzera neinopfuura 20 muzana kubvira muna 1990⁴. Mukupindura, guta rakatora matanho akashinga kuderedza kabhoni tsoka of it inovakwa nharaunda, ine mapurojekiti akaita seBrock Commons Tallwood House, Center for Interactive Research on Sustainability paUBC, uye hofisi yeMEC iri kutungamira nzira.⁵.

The kushanda of kuenderera kwekuvaka zvinonyanya kuoneka mubazi rehurumende, nemayunivhesiti, masimba ematunhu, uye masangano ehurumende ari pakati pevanoita zvakanyanya mukuvakwa kwegirinhi uye kwakasimba.⁴. Maitiro aya anoenzanisirwa neCentre for Interactive Research on Sustainability kuUBC, iyo inovimba zvachose nemvura inonaya kuti iwane mvura.⁵, uye BC Cancer Research Center, iyo inoratidza kufefetedza kwepanyama uye hurongwa hwekudzorera kupisa⁵.

Iko kushanduka kwe kuenderera kwekuvaka muVancouver yakafurirwawo nekubuda kwehunyanzvi hwekuvaka matekinoroji uye nzira dzekugadzira. Pasi dzimba, semuenzaniso, dzinoshandisa nzira dzekuchera mvura pakukohwa mvura inonaya uye dzine masisitimu ekuchenesa uye kuchengetedza mvura⁴. Idzi dzimba dzinowanawo magetsi adzo ese kubva kune solar nemhepo masosi, vachishandisa photovoltaic mapaneru uye gorofu-ngoro-yemhando mabhatiri ekuchengetedza, uye akagadzirwa sedzimba dzinopisa dzinopisa kutanga uye dzinopfuura dzimba dzezuva rechipiri.⁴. The Pasi chirongwa chinoratidza muenzaniso we kurarama kwakasimba iyo inobatanidza Renewable energy masosi uye dhizaini yekuvaka⁴.

Sezvo Vancouver ichiramba ichitungamira nzira kupinda Sustainable Architecture, kuzvipira kweguta kuderedza kubudisa carbon emissions kubva pazvivakwa zvitsva uye kuvaka ne40 muzana ne2030 zvichienzaniswa neyekutanga 2018⁵ inoshanda sechiratidzo chekuzvipira kwayo kusingazununguki pakugadzira zvimwe eco-friendly uye low carbon footprint yakavakwa nharaunda.

Yakavakirwa mukati memiti yakasvibira yeVancouver's VanDusen Botanical Garden, iyo VanDusen Botanical Garden Visitor Center inomira semuenzaniso unoshamisa wezvivakwa zvinogara zvakadaro. Yakagadzirwa nekambani inozivikanwa Perkins uye Will, chivakwa ichi chine hunyanzvi chinosanganisa art, sainzi, uye. muzvarirwo, ichipa vashanyi chiitiko chakasiyana zvechokwadi.

Iyo Visitor Center inonyanya kushamisa denga rayo rakasvibira rakasvibirira, rinokwevera kurudziro kubva kune organic mafomu eiyo orchid.⁶. Iyi geometry yakaoma inowanikwa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira prefabrication, ichigadzira chimiro chinokwezva chinooneka icho chisingango wedzera kunaka kwechivako asi zvakare chinoshanda zvinangwa.⁶. Denga rine zvirimwa haringo wedzera kudziya kwechivako chete asiwo rinokurudzira mhuka dzeko kushandisa nzvimbo yacho, ine mipanda yepasi inobatanidza denga nendege yepasi.⁶.

Iyo VanDusen Botanical Garden Visitor Center muenzaniso unopenya we renewable energy kubatanidzwa muVancouver's architecture. Kubatanidza simba rezuva nepasi, chivakwa chinoshandisa mhatsa yesimba rakagadzikana, kusanganisira geothermal boreholes, solar photovoltaics, uye solar inopisa-mvura machubhu.⁶. Iyi nzira yekuvandudza inobvumira iyo Visitor Center kuti igadzire simba rayo, ichideredza kukanganiswa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza uye kubatsira kuguta rose. kushanda nesimba.

Kuvandudza imba yacho kushanda nesimba ndiko kubatanidzwa kwayo kwe kufefetedza kwepanyama uye tekinoroji yechimuni chezuva⁶. Iyo yekuvaka dhizaini inoratidzira yepakati skylight oculus inoshanda seyakasikwa kufefetera system, kukwevera mweya unodziya kunze kwechivako uye inobvumira kutonhora kusingaite.⁶. Matanda anodziya akaiswa sirin'i uye madziro akakombama anowedzera kubatsira kune chivakwa biophilic design, kumutsa gill yehowa uye kugadzira hukama hunoenderana pakati pechimiro nemamiriro ayo echisikigo.

"VanDusen Botanical Garden Visitor Center chiratidzo chechokwadi chesimba rekugadzirisa dhizaini, kusanganisa tekinoroji yemhando yepamusoro neruremekedzo rwakadzama kune zvakasikwa. Zvimiro zvayo zvitsva uye aesthetics inofema inoita kuti ive inofanirwa-kuona nzvimbo kune chero munhu anofarira mune ramangwana re green architecture. "

Iyo VanDusen Botanical Garden Visitor Center inomira sehunyanzvi mukati green design, ichiratidza kugona kunoshamisa kwezvivakwa zvakatsiga muVancouver. Yayo yakasarudzika musanganiswa we matsimba emagetsi anovandudzwa, biophilic dhizaini zvinhu, uye echisikigo nzira dzekufemesa dzakaita kuti ive nzvimbo inodiwa kune vese vanofarira zvekuvaka uye vanoda zvisikwa zvakafanana.

Iyo VanDusen Botanical Garden Visitor Center yakavhurwa kubva 9 AM kusvika 5 PM, ichipa vashanyi mukana wekuona iyi yekuvaka gem yakaiswa pakati pemagadheni akasvibira.⁶. Nedenga rayo rinokatyamadza reorchid petal-yakafuridzirwa girini, Visitor Center inomira seuchapupu hwesimba re Sustainable design muVancouver, pasina musono kubatanidza renewable simba, kufefetedza kwechisikigo, uye kuremekedzwa kwakadzama kwenzvimbo yakapoteredza.

Zvimwe zvivakwa zvakasvibirira muVancouver zvinosanganisira Center for Interactive Research on Sustainability paUniversity yeBritish Columbia, iyo inovimba zvachose nemvura yemvura, uye hofisi yeMEC, yekutanga "saumoni-yakachengeteka" nzvimbo yemadhorobha yakasimbiswa muBritish Columbia.⁸. Aya magadzirirwo anosanganisira kucheka-kumucheto manejimendi manejimendi masisitimu, maficha anochengetedza simba, uye kushandiswa kwe inogoneka zvinhu, kuratidzira nzira yeguta rose kune kutarisira kwezvakatipoteredza⁸.

Kuzvipira kweVancouver mukugarisa kunojekeswa zvakare neBrock Commons Tallwood House paUniversity yeBritish Columbia, yaimbove yakarebesa pasi rose kugadzirwa kwematanda.⁸. Iyi innovative project inoratidza kugona kwe kuvakwa kwakasimba nzira dzekudzikisa kabhoni tsoka yenzvimbo yakavakirwa⁸.

Iyi mienzaniso inotungamira ye LEED Certified Buildings, Magadzirirwo Anoshanda Nesimba, uye Sustainable Architecture muVancouver inoratidzira kuzvipira kweguta kugadzira remangwana rine hanya nenharaunda uye rinogarika⁷⁸.

Brock Commons Tallwood House paYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia (UBC) muenzaniso wekupayona we dzimba dzevadzidzi dzakagadzikana design uye uremu kuvaka matanda innovation. Yakavhurwa muna Chikunguru 2017, iyi imba yevadzidzi ine nhurikidzwa gumi nesere yakambotsanangurwa seyakareba kwazvo pasi rose kugadzirwa kwematanda, yakamira pa18 metres (53 tsoka) kumusoro.⁹. Facade yechivako ichi yakambogadzirwa mumazuva 57 chete, zvichiratidza kushanda nesimba uye kumhanya kweiyi nzira yokuvaka.¹⁰.

Brock Commons Tallwood House inomiririra danho rakakosha kumberi mukushandiswa kwematanda akawanda, chivakwa chekuvaka chinogadzirwa kubva kuzvigadzirwa zvehuni. Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare ekuvaka, matanda akawanda anopa akawanda mabhenefiti, anosanganisira yakaderera kabhoni tsoka, yakaderedzwa nguva yekuvaka, uye kusimba kwekudengenyeka kwepasi.⁹. Chivako ichi chaive chakashongedzerwa masisitimu epamusoro ekutarisisa, senge accelerometers uye inclinometers, kuunganidza data pamusoro pekuita kwayo uye kuzivisa zvichaitika mune ramangwana mukuvakwa kwehuni.¹⁰.

Brock Commons Tallwood House haingoratidzi nzira dzekuvaka chete asiwo inotungamira inoenderera dhizaini maficha. Iyo 15,120-square-metres (162,800-square-foot) chivakwa chinogona kugarisa vadzidzi mazana mana nemana mumusanganiswa weimba imwe chete yekurara uye masitudhiyo mayuniti, pamwe nekufunda nenzvimbo dzemagariro.⁹. Iine tarisiro yekushanda kwesimba uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, chirongwa ichi chakagadzirirwa kusangana neLEED Gold certification zviyero¹¹.

Brock Commons Tallwood House inomiririra chiitiko chakakosha mukushanduka kwezvivakwa zvinogara muVancouver, zvichigadzira nzira yekuwedzera kushandiswa kwe kugadzirwa kwematanda akawanda uye kuvandudzwa kwedzimba dzevadzidzi dzinoshanda nesimba¹⁰⁹¹¹.

"Brock Commons Tallwood House muenzaniso unoshamisa wekuti sei kugadzirwa kwematanda akawanda inogona kushandiswa kugadzira yakagadzikana uye inovandudza dzimba dzevadzidzi. Iyi purojekiti inoratidza kugona kwehuni-yakavakirwa zvinhu zvekuvaka kudzikisa kabhoni tsoka yenzvimbo yakavakirwa. "

Iyo Vancouver Convention Center's West Building chiratidzo chezvivakwa zvinogara, zvine yakakura kwazvo yeCanada. denga rekugara iyo inotarisa zvinokatyamadza mahekita 2.4¹². Iyi innovative green denga haingopi chete insulation uye inoderedza kupisa kwedhorobha chitsuwa asi inotsigira akasiyana ecosystem, nevanopfuura 400,000 indigenous zvinomera nouswa zvinokura pamusoro pechivakwa chacho¹².

Kuzvipira kwenzvimbo yegungano kudzikisa kukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza kunooneka zvakare mukushandisa kwayo mvura yegungwa pakudziya nekutonhodza, kuchenesa mvura panzvimbo, uye kuiswa kwenzvimbo dzinogara hove muhwaro hwayo.¹². Kuzvipira kwenzvimbo iyi kusimba kwave kucherechedzwa zvakanyanya, neVancouver Convention Center ichiva yekutanga pasi rose LEED® Platinum Certified gungano nzvimbo.¹².

Iro denga rakasvibira rakasiyana siyana rezvirimwa palette uye yakasarudzika dhizaini, kubva pa3% kusvika 56%, inogadzira inosimukira ecosystem inotsigira hupfumi. biodiversity¹³. Denga rekugara rinodzivirira zvivakwa zvakafungidzirwa kudzikisa kupisa kwezhizha kunowanikwa kusvika 95% uye kurasikirwa kwekupisa kwechando kunosvika 26%¹³, zvichiwedzera kubatsira mukusimba kwesimba rechivako uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Iyo Vancouver Convention Center's West Building inomira semuenzaniso unopenya wekuti zvivakwa zvakatsiga zvinogona sei kubatana zvisina mutsetse nenzvimbo yechisikigo, zvichiratidza kugona kukuru kwematenga ekugara uye akazara. maitiro ekuvaka egirini kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano¹²¹³.

The Mountain Equipment Co-op (MEC) head office muVancouver muenzaniso unopenya wegreen ekuvaka maitiro ari kuita. Chii chinosiyanisa nzvimbo iyi musiyano wayo seyekutanga "saumoni-yakachengeteka" yakasimbiswa saiti yemadhorobha muBritish Columbia.¹⁴. Chivako chacho chinosanganisira huwandu hwezvinhu zvitsva mvura kuchengetedza maficha uye matanho ekushandisa simba anoratidza kuzvipira kwekambani mukuenderera mberi.

Nekuona kukosha kwekuchengetedza mvura, hofisi huru yeMEC yakaita nzira dzakawanda dzekuderedza kushandiswa kwayo kwemvura. Denga rakasvibira rinotora mvura inonaya, inozochengetwa mugomba repasi pevhu rinoita marita 7,700 uye rinoshandiswa kugezesa zvimbuzi nekudiridza bindu riri pamusoro pedenga remba.¹⁴. Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo kunodzivirirawo kushandiswa kwemishonga kuchengetedza mvura yemunharaunda. Zvakadaro, nzvimbo iyi inocheka kushandiswa kwemvura isinganwike ne55% kuburikidza nematanho ekuchengetedza mvura aya.¹⁴.

Kuwana kugona kwesimba ndicho chinhu chakakosha cheMEC head office's green building design. Chivako ichi chakagadzirwa kuti chive 70% yakawanda-simba-simba pane zvivakwa zvekutengesa zvakajairwa, nekuda kwezvimiro zvakaita segeothermal kudziyisa nekutonhodza masisitimu uye kuvaka-matanda akawanda.¹⁵. Izvi hunyanzvi hwekugadzira batsira kudzikisa simba resimba rechivako kusvika ku297.5 MJ/m2/gore, kudzikiswa ne68% zvichienzaniswa nereferensi chivakwa pasi peModel National Energy Code for Buildings (MNECB)¹⁵.

Kuzvipira kweMEC kune inoenderera mberi kunodarika mvura nesimba chete. Iyo zvakare inoshamisira inonakidza kudzokorodza uye kutsvagisa zvinhu, ine 19.7% yezvinhu zvekuvaka zviri kushandiswazve uye 33.5% inotorwa kubva mukati me800km radius.¹⁵. Pamusoro pezvo, chikamu chinokatyamadza che94% chezvinhu zvekuvakisa zvakatsauswa kubva kumarara¹⁵.

Maonero emahofisi makuru eMEC ekugarisana, kubva kuchengetedza mvura kusimba kwesimba uye manejimendi ezvekuita zvinhu, yakawana iyo ine mukurumbira LEED Platinum certification¹⁴. Ichi chivakwa chinomira semuenzaniso unopenya wezvinogona kuwanikwa kana misimboti yekuvaka yakasvibirira yakabatanidzwa mukugadzira nekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvemaguta.

“Nzvimbo yeMEC inovavarira net zero kwezvakatipoteredza kukanganisa kwezvivakwa zvayo, kuratidza kuzvipira kune miitiro yakadzikama. "¹⁴

¹⁵¹⁴

Iyo Center for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS) paYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia isimba rinotyisa. LEED Certified Building iyo inoburitsa misimboti ye Sustainable Architecture uye Renewable Energy Integration. Yakapedzwa muna 2011, CIRS chaive chivakwa chekutanga kuUBC kuwana chepamusoro LEED Platinum certification.¹⁶.

Yakagadzirwa iine 'net-positive' chiono, CIRS ine chinangwa chekuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka pane zvakatipoteredza uye kugara kwevanhu. Chivako chacho chine zvakawanda nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, kusanganisira cafe, masitepisi, uye nzvimbo dzeatrium dzakagovaniswa, zvese zvakagadzirirwa kusimudzira hukama hwemagariro nedzidzo.¹⁷. Chimwe chezvimiro zvechivako ichi idenga rayo rakanaka rakasvibira, rinotora mvura inonaya uye rinokwezva zvakasiyana-siyana Wildlife, kuwedzera kusimudzira kwesaiti¹⁸.

CIRS inoshanda sechiratidzo chekuratidzira kwekusimba, kuratidza tekinoroji nyowani uye nzira dzekugadzira. Chivako ichi chinoshandisa musanganiswa weanovandudzwa uye ekucheka-kumucheto simba masisitimu, kusanganisira geothermal system, photovoltaics, solar thermal mvura inopisa, uye kuchinjanisa kupisa nechivakwa chiri pedyo¹⁸. Aya masisitimu akasanganiswa anobvumira CIRS kudzorera mazana matanhatu-megawatt-maawa esimba rakawanda kudzokera kucampus gore negore, kuderedza iyo yakazara kabhoni tsoka.¹⁷.

Senzvimbo yakakurumbira yekushanya kwedzidzo, CIRS inoenderera mberi nekusundidzira miganhu yedhizaini yekuvaka uye kushanda. Chimiro chehuni chechivako chinochengetedza 904 tonnes of carbon, ichideredza carbon footprint kana ichienzaniswa neavhareji UBC chivakwa neinenge 90%¹⁷. Kuburikidza nemaitiro ayo matsva uye akawedzera kusimudzira maficha, CIRS inoshanda sechiratidzo chesimba re Sustainable Architecture uye kubatanidzwa kwe Energy Renewable munzvimbo yakavakwa.

"CIRS yakagadzirirwa kuve chivakwa chakasimba kwazvo muNorth America kana yapera, ichipfuura LEED Platinum chinzvimbo uye kuwana 'net yakanaka' kuita nenzira nomwe dzakasiyana."

Chikoro cheWilson cheKugadzira paKwantlen Polytechnic University (KPU) muRichmond, British Columbia, chinoratidza kuzvipira kunoshamisa pakuvaka kwakasimba uye dhizaini-inoshanda nesimba. Seimwe yeCanada inotungamira post-secondary masangano, KPU inopa akasiyana siyana emadhigirii edhigirii zvirongwa, kutengeserana, zvirongwa zvehunyanzvi, uye zvitupa / diploma zvirongwa kune vanopfuura zviuru gumi nezvisere vadzidzi.¹⁹. Chikoro cheWilson cheDhizaini, ichangobva kuwedzerwa kumusasa weKPU, chakawana kucherechedzwa kubva kuBC Hydro nekuda kwemaitiro ayo ekuchengetedza simba epamusoro, kuseta mwero mutsva wezvivakwa zvedzidzo zvinogara zviripo.

Pamwoyo weWilson School of Design's simba-inoshanda dhizaini ndiyo inoyevedza inopenya slab yekudziya uye yekutonhodza masisitimu. Kusiyana neaya echinyakare masisitimu eHVAC, aya anopenya masisitimu anoshandisa mvura inotenderera kuburikidza nepasi pekongiri yechivako uye madziro kugovera kupisa nekutonhodza, zvichikonzera kukwidziridzwa kwesimba uye kunyaradza kwemafuta kune vanogara.²⁰. Iyi yekucheka-kumucheto nzira yeku kudzora mamiriro ekunze inopindirana nechinangwa chechikoro chekusimudzira dhizaini yekuvaka uye maitiro ekuvaka egirini.

Kuzvipira kweWilson Chikoro cheDzaini kune dhizaini inoenderera mberi kunodarika masisitimu ayo ekudziya uye kutonhora. Chivako ichi chine chimiro chehuni chepamberi chine taut girazi rejira remadziro, rine chinangwa chekuwana LEED Goridhe chitupa.²⁰. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu zvinogoneka, zvinosanganisira matanda akawanda, kupenya kwekunze, uye composite metal panel cladding, zvakanyatsosarudzwa kuti kuderedze kukanganisa kwechivako ichi.²⁰. Zvakare, masitudiyo anochinjika edhizaini, maLab, mahofisi akavhurika, uye nzvimbo dzakagovaniswa mukati mehurongwa hwenhurikidzwa shanu dzinosimudzira kudyidzana pakati pevadzidzi nevadzidzisi, ichikurudzira nharaunda ine simba uye yekugadzira yekudzidza.

Chikoro cheWilson cheKugadzira chinoshanda semuenzaniso wakanakisa wekuti masangano edzidzo anogona kubatanidza maitiro ekuvaka egirinhi muzvivakwa zvavo, achipa kwete chete mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza asiwo mikana yakakosha yekudzidza yevadzidzi muminda ine chekuita nekugadzira.¹⁹. Kuzvipira kweKPU kune hunyanzvi mukugadzira dhizaini, nharaunda dzevadzidzi, uye kusangana nezvido zveindasitiri zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka mune inogoneka maficha eichi chivakwa chinoshamisa.

"Wilson Chikoro Chekugadzira chakagadzirirwa kubatsira kune hutano nharaunda yedhorobha munharaunda inotongwa nemotokari uye. kupaka zvakawanda.”²⁰

Senzvimbo yedunhu rehunyanzvi hwekugadzira fashoni, ine makambani anopfuura mazana matatu ezvipfeko ari munzvimbo yepasi, Wilson Chikoro cheDzaini chinovavarira kuve chikoro chepuraimari chehunyanzvi uhu kuWest Coast.²⁰. Kuburikidza nemhinduro dzayo dzepamusoro dzekuchengetedza simba uye dhizaini inogadzirika, chikoro chinoisa bhenji nyowani yezvivakwa zvegirinhi zvedzidzo, zvinokurudzira vadzidzi uye nharaunda yakakura kugamuchira. Magadzirirwo Anoshanda Nesimba, Sustainable Architecture, uye Green Building Practices.

Iyo BC Cancer Research Center inomira pachena semuenzaniso unopenya wezvivakwa zvakatsiga zvakabatanidzwa mune yakasarudzika nzvimbo yesainzi.²¹. Iyi purojekiti yemamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu emadhora, yakapedzwa madhora mamirioni manomwe pasi pebhajeti, yakawana chitupa cheLEED Gold chepamusoro kubva kuCanada Green Building Council.²¹. Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwechivako ichi anobvumira kuti ichengetedze inoshamisa 42% mumitengo yesimba uye 43% pamvura inonwiwa inodiwa zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa murabhoritari chivakwa.²¹.

Imwe yenzvimbo yepakati inomira yakasimba zvinhu ndeye yakasikwa ventilation system mumarabhoritari nemahofisi, kushomeka muzvivakwa zverudzi urwu nekuda kwekuomarara. air quality zvinodiwa²¹. Nzvimbo iyi inosanganisirawo dhizaini-yekudzoreredza sisitimu iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba, ichigonesa kufefetera kwakanaka pasina kutsamira zvakanyanya pakutonhora-kwakanyanya kutonhora kana kupisa.²¹.

Dhizaini itsva yeBC Cancer Research Center inoratidza kuti kunyangwe zvivakwa zvesainzi zvine hunyanzvi zvinogona kugadzirwa zvine kugadzikana mupfungwa, pasina kukanganisa kushanda kana kuchengeteka.²¹. Mamiriro epamberi echivako ichi, senge-in-slab radiant pombi yekudziya nekutonhodza mahofisi, mavhoriyamu efume hoods mumarabhoritari, uye bifurcated strobic plume fan system padenga, zvese zvinobatsira mukuita kwayo kunoshamisa kwezvakatipoteredza.²¹.

Iyo BC Cancer Research Center's green innovation inoisa mwero mutsva weakasimba ekuvaka mune yesainzi yekutsvagisa domain, ichiratidza maitiro Sustainable Architecture, Magadzirirwo Anoshanda Nesimba, uye Environmental Impact yeZvivakwa inogona kuve yakasanganiswa isina musono kugadzira yekucheka-kumucheto, eco-inoshamwaridzika zvivakwa²¹.

Kubudirira kweBC Cancer Research Center purojekiti inosimbiswa zvakare neakaenzana anoshamisa²² $69.9 miriyoni BC Cancer Agency Center yeNorth, iyo yakapedzwa munaGunyana 2012²². Chirongwa ichi, kubva paChikumbiro cheZvinhu zvekutanga muna Chikunguru 2008 kusvika pakuvhurwa kwePremier muna Gumiguru 2012, chinoratidza kuzvipira kwepurovhinzi mukuchengetedza hutano husina simba uye husina simba. kwezvivako²².

Iyo BC Cancer Research Center uye BC Cancer Agency Center yekuMaodzanyemba inomira sezviratidziro zvehunyanzvi, ichiratidza maitiro Sustainable Architecture, Magadzirirwo Anoshanda Nesimba, uye Environmental Impact yeZvivakwa inogona kubatanidzwa zvisina musono muhunyanzvi hwesainzi uye hutano nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza hutano, kuseta chiyero chitsva cheeco-hushamwari dhizaini muindasitiri.²¹²².

Kuvaka matanda akawanda kuri kuita basa rinowedzera kukosha mukuumba nzvimbo yeVancouver yakasvibira yekuvaka. Chirongwa cheguta cheClimate Emergency Response chine chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitswa kwekabhoni kubva muzvivakwa zvitsva uye kuvaka ne40% panosvika 2030, nematanda akawanda akaonekwa senzira yakakosha yekuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.²³. Mapurojekiti ekuvaka akaita seBrock Commons Tallwood House aratidza kugona kunoshamisa kwematanda akawanda mukugadzira marefu, zvimiro zvinogara zvinoenderana nechiono cheVancouver cheramangwana rakaderera-kabhoni.

Misa matanda inopa akati wandei mabhenefiti ayo anoita kuti ive sarudzo inokwezva yezvivakwa zvinogara zvakadaro. Sechishandiso chinogonekazve, matanda akawanda anochengeta kabhoni, achideredza kuburitswa kwese kwechivakwa.²³. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo inokurumidza nguva yekuvaka yakabatana nematanda akawanda inobvumira kuti iwedzere kushanda zvakanaka nguva yeprojekiti, zvichibatsira kune imwe denderedzwa hupfumi²⁴.

Kuti uenderere mberi nekukurudzira kushandiswa kwematanda akawanda, Guta reVancouver rakaunza marongero matsva ekugadzirisa²³. Zvivakwa munzvimbo dzinotendera nhurikidzwa 8 kusvika kugumi neimwe zvinokwanisa kuwana nhurikidzwa mbiri dzekuwedzera, nepo izvo zviri munzvimbo dzine 11 kana kupfuura zvinogona kukodzera kune dzimwe nhurikidzwa nhatu, kunze kwekunge vachishandisa matanda akawanda kuvaka.²³. Aya mazano matsva anoratidza kuzvipira kweVancouver kutyaira kutorwa kwezvinhu zvakaderera-kabhoni zvekuvaka uye nzira.

Sezvo Vancouver ichienderera mberi nekusundira zvimwe maitiro ekuvaka akasimba, matanda akawanda ava kuda kuva chinhu chinotonyanya kuzivikanwa munzvimbo yezvivakwa zveguta.²³. Nekugona kwayo kudzikisa kuburitswa kwemukati ne25-45% zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa kongiri zvivakwa²³, matanda akawanda anopa mhinduro inovimbisa kune dambudziko rekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwenzvimbo yakavakirwa.

Kuwedzera kwekutarisa pakuvaka matanda akawanda muVancouver imhedzisiro yekubatana kukuru pakati peGuta, Developers, vanachipangamazano, vagadziri vezvivakwa, uye vakasiyana-siyana vanobatana²³. Iyi nzira yekubatana yakabatsira mukuumba marongero uye zvinokurudzira zviri kufambisa kutorwa kweichi chivakwa chekuvaka chakasimba.²⁴.

Sezvo Vancouver ichiramba ichitungamira nzira mukuvaka kwakasimba, basa rematanda akawanda mune remangwana reguta rekuvaka rakasvibira hazvirambike. Nekumbundira iyi nzira yekuvaka, Vancouver yakagadzirira kuita nhanho huru mukudzikisa kabhoni tsoka uye kugadzira nzira yenzvimbo inovaka inovaka.²³.

Vancouver's architecture yemazuva ano iri kutungamira nzira mukubatanidza matekinoroji akasimba ekusimudzira kuita kwekuvaka uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.²⁵. Digital kuvaka manejimendi masisitimu ari kushandiswa kukwidziridza kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa uye kuwedzera runyararo rwemaroja. Aya masisitimu anogona kunyatso kudzora kupisa, kutonhora, kuvheneka, uye mamwe mabasa ekuvaka kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka²⁶. Zvishandiso zvemadhijitari zvakaita seKuvaka Ruzivo Modelling (BIM) kugonesa kutonga kukuru kweprojekiti, zvichikonzera kutambisa kushoma kwevashandi uye zvinhu, uye zvakanyanya kuderedzwa zvikanganiso.

Smart simba mhinduro, senge pa-saiti inovandudzwa simba rekugadzira uye chengetedzo, iri kuverengerwa mukugadzira zvivakwa.²⁵. Aya matekinoroji haangodzikisi mutengo wekushanda uye kuburitsa kabhoni asiwo anowedzera kusimba kwekuvaka, achibvumira zvivakwa kuti zvirambe zvichishanda kunyangwe mushure menjodzi huru.²⁶. Otomatiki mukuvaka inogona kukwirisa dhizaini uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvinhu ne40%, nekutarisirwa kuderedzwa kwemitengo sezvo zvinhu zvitsva zvinogadzirwa.

Digital kuvaka manejimendi masisitimu ari kushandura maitiro ezvivakwa zveVancouver²⁵. Aya masisitimu epamberi anogona kudzora uye kukwenenzvera akasiyana mabasa ekuvaka, anosanganisira kudziyisa, kutonhora, kuvheneka, uye kutonga kwemvura, kuwedzera kugona uye kunyaradza kwemuridzi. Nekubatanidza chaiyo-nguva data kubva kumasensa uye masisitimu ekutarisa, aya mapuratifomu edhijitari anogonesa mamaneja ezvivakwa kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo uye kunyatso gadzirisa mashandiro echivako nguva nenguva.

Kubatanidzwa kwesimba renewable iri kuita chikamu chepakati chezvivakwa zvakatsiga muVancouver²⁵. Pa-saiti inovandudzwa simba rekugadzira, senge solar photovoltaic masisitimu, uye matekinoroji ekuchengetedza simba ari kuisirwa muzvivakwa zvekuvaka kudzikisa mutengo wekushanda uye kuburitsa kabhoni.²⁵. Matenga egirini uye masvingo ehupenyu inobatsirawo mukusimudzira simba rekushandisa, kupa mhepo inotonhorera zvakapetwa kaviri semaitiro echinyakare edenga uye mukana wekubatanidza photovoltaics.

Aya akangwara emagetsi ekugadzirisa haangonatsiridzire kuita kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvivakwa asi zvakare anowedzera kusimba kwazvo, achivabvumira kuti varambe vachishanda kunyangwe pakatarisana nenjodzi huru.²⁵. Kuzvipira kwaArchitek kukusimudzira kuri kuwedzera kufarira nemikana muQuebec nematunhu emugungwa eco-friendly architecture solutions.

"Kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji inoenderera mberi kuri kusundidzira zvivakwa zveVancouver kuenda kune ramangwana rakanaka, rine hushamwari."

Green kuvaka maitiro muVancouver anopa zvakakosha hupfumi mabhenefiti padivi pezvavo zvakanakira zvakatipoteredza. Iko kushanda kwepamusoro uye kushandiswa kwemari yekuchengetedza kwe zvivako zvinoshandisa simba ita kuti zvive zvakanyanya kudiwa kune zvese zvekugara uye zvekudyara zvinangwa²⁷. Vancouver's green building sector inoshandisa imwe mu15 Vancouverites, uye inobatsira kuguta remadhora makumi matatu nemaviri epasi rose brand.²⁷. Iyo Green Building Market Forecast inofanotaura kudiwa kwemusika kwemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi matatu emadhora zvinhu zvekuvaka zvakasvibirira muMetro Vancouver kubva 2019 kusvika 2032²⁷.

Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemunharaunda uye zvakagadzikana, zvakadai matanda akawanda kubva kuBritish Columbia masango, inobatsira kusimudzira maindasitiri emuno uye kutsigira hupfumi hwakatenderera²⁸. Zvivakwa zvinotora 18% yekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse (GHG) muCanada, uye zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe nenhanhatu kubva muzana zvezvinobuda muzvivakwa zvinobva munzvimbo nekudziya kwemvura uchishandisa midziyo inoshanda. fossil fuels²⁸. Green building retrofits uye kuvaka zvivako zvakasvibirira kubva pakutanga zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yose uye kuvandudza hutano hwemhepo²⁸.

Uyezve, zvivako zvakasvibirira kazhinji kugadzira nharaunda dzemukati dzine hutano, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kubereka munzvimbo dzebasa uye kugara zvakanaka kwevagari.²⁷. Iyo BC Energy Nhanho Code inogona kugadzira 925 mabasa ekugadzira mukati meBC, padivi pe770 arikuenderera mberi ekuisa mabasa muMetro Vancouver.²⁷. Aya mabhenefiti ehupfumi ari kufambisa kuenderera mberi uye hunyanzvi muVancouver's green building sector.

Musika wekuda kufanotaura chishandiso chezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka chakagadzirwa mukubvunzana nezvivakwa uye indasitiri yekuvaka nyanzvi, nekuenzanisira neDelphi Group uye mari kubva kuDiscovery Foundation neBC Housing²⁷.

Canada ine chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitswa kweGHG ne40-45% pasi pemazinga a2005 panosvika 2030 uye kuwana hutsi hwe zero panosvika 2050. Zvivakwa zvinoda kusvika mamirioni gumi nerimwe. retrofitting, uye mamiriyoni ezvivako zvitsva zvegirini zvinofanira kuvakwa mumakumi emakore ari kuuya.”²⁸

Rwendo rweVancouver kuenda kune yakagadzikana architecture yakaisa guta semutungamiri wepasi rose maitiro ekuvaka egirini²⁹. Kubva pamagadzirirwo matsva akaita seVanDusen Botanical Garden Visitor Center kusvika kune zvivakwa zvinoputsa seBrock Commons Tallwood House, Vancouver's. zvivako zvepamusoro zvakasvibirira ratidza kuzvipira kukuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye dhizaini yekugadzira. Zvivakwa izvi hazvisi kungoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, asi zvakare inopa mabhenefiti ehupfumi uye hupenyu hwakavandudzwa hwevagari²⁹.

Sezvo guta richienderera mberi nekusundira miganhu ye kuenderera kwekuvaka, kubatanidza matekinoroji matsva uye zvinhu, Vancouver yakagadzirirwa kuramba iri pamberi peiyo green building movement, inokurudzira. maguta pasi rose kuti vavake ramangwana rakagadzikana²⁹³⁰. Kushandiswa kwezvine hanya zvakatorwa³⁰ uye yakashandiswazve³⁰ zvinhu, pamwe chete nemhinduro itsva dzekuchengetedza simba, zvakaita kuti Vancouver's architecture ive muenzaniso we kubudirira kwakasimba pasi pose.

Hutungamiri hweVancouver mu maitiro ekuvaka egirini inoratidzirwa nemitemo yayo yekutanga, iyo ine chinangwa chekudzingira pasi kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa kubva muzvivako zvikuru²⁹. Semamwe maguta eCanada, akadai seToronto neMontreal, anotevera kutungamira kweVancouver, nyika yakagadzirira kumisa mwero mutsva wekuziva nharaunda. kuronga maguta uye kugadzira²⁹. Nekuenderera mberi nekugashira hunyanzvi hwekuita matekinoroji uye zvinhu zvinogoneka, zvivakwa zvakasvibirira zveVancouver zvinogadzira nzira yeramangwana rakagadzikana, rinoshanda sesosi yekukurudzira kumaguta pasi rese.

1. Green Kuvaka Dhizaini & Kuvaka | Vancouver Economic Commission - https://vancouvereconomic.com/vancouver-green-buildings/
2. Greenest City Action Plan - https://vancouver.ca/green-vancouver/greenest-city-action-plan.aspx
3. Zero Emission Zvivakwa muVancouver & Toronto: Zvinodiwa, Nguva Yenguva - https://www.arbor.eco/blog/zero-emission-buildings-in-vancouver-and-toronto-requirements-timelines
4. Sustainable Architecture & Green Buildings muVancouver - https://yourvancouverrealestate.ca/vancouverrealestatenews/2012/05/11/sustainable-green-architecture/
5. Zuva rePasi 2020: Nyanzvi dzekusimudzira dzinosarudza zvivakwa zvavo zvakasvibirira muVancouver - https://www.straight.com/news/earth-day-2020-sustainability-experts-pick-their-favourite-green-buildings-in-vancouver
6. Kune iyo 'Gram! Vancouver's 10 akanakisa emazuva ano ekuvaka nzvimbo! - https://www.thebestvancouver.com/guide-to-modern-architecture-vancouver/
7. Zvivakwa zveGreen: 18 mienzaniso yezvivakwa zvinogara pasirese | CNN - https://www.cnn.com/style/article/green-buildings-world-sustainable-design/index.html
8. Kugara Kunovaka Miitiro in Vancouver, BC | Brighton College - https://brightoncollege.com/blog/sustainable-building-practices-in-vancouver-bc/
9. Mukati meVancouver's Brock Commons, Iyo Yakarebesa Misa Timber Chivakwa - https://www.archdaily.com/879625/inside-vancouvers-brock-commons-the-worlds-tallest-timber-structured-building
10. Brock Commons Tallwood House - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brock_Commons_Tallwood_House
11. Brock Commons Tallwood House - Funga Huni - https://www.thinkwood.com/construction-projects/brock-commons-tallwood-house
12. Sustainability - Vancouver Convention Center - https://www.vancouverconventioncentre.com/about-us/sustainability
13. Vancouver Kokorodzano Center Madokero / Kuwedzera Chirongwa - Greenroofs.com - https://www.greenroofs.com/projects/vancouver-convention-centre-west-expansion-project/
14. Hofisi yeMEC ndiyo yekutanga yeCanada Salmon-Safe campus - Salmon-Safe - https://salmonsafe.org/mec-headquarters-is-canadas-first-salmon-safe-campus/
15. 2015 Mubayiro Wekuhwina Project: Mountain Equipment Co-op Head Office - https://www.ecohome.net/news/1407/2015-award-winning-project-mountain-equipment-co-op-head-office/
16. 8 Iconic Green Zvivakwa kuUBC - https://planning.ubc.ca/news/8-iconic-green-buildings-ubc
17. Center for Interactive Research on Sustainability / Perkins&Will - https://www.archdaily.com/343442/centre-for-interactive-research-on-sustainability-perkins-will
18. Center for Interactive Research on Sustainability - https://livinglabs.ubc.ca/projects/centre-interactive-research-sustainability
19. PDF - https://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/Human Resources/Executive Brief Dean Chip and Shannon Wilson School of Design.pdf
20. Wilson Chikoro Chekugadzira, Kwantlen Polytechnic Univ | KPMB Architects | Archello - https://archello.com/it/project/wilson-school-of-design-kwantlen-polytechnic-univ
21. BC Cancer Research Center - Canadian Consulting injiniya - https://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/features/b-c-cancer-research-centre/
22. BC Cancer Agency Center yekuChamhembe - Infrastructure BC - https://www.infrastructurebc.com/projects/operational-complete/bc-cancer-agency-centre-north/
23. Vancouver inofambisira mberi nzira dzekuvaka dzakasimba nekukurudzira kwematanda akawanda - EOS - European Organisation of the Sawmill Industry - https://eos-oes.eu/2024/04/09/vancouver-advances-sustainable-construction-methods-with-new-mass-timber-incentives/
24. Ramangwana reVancouver rePrefab, Modular, Mass-timber Zvivakwa - https://vancouvereconomic.com/blog/news/vancouvers-future-of-prefab-modular-mass-timber-buildings/
25. Green Architecture: Inovandudza Mvura Yekuchengetedza Tekinoroji - https://architek.com/green-roof-eco-sedum-tray/
26. Matekinoroji Matsva Ari Kuchinja Kuti Agamuchire Sustainability muArchitecture - https://www.archdaily.com/991739/how-new-technologies-are-evolving-to-embrace-sustainability-in-architecture
27. Green Zvivakwa Market Research | Vancouver Economic Commission - https://vancouvereconomic.com/research/green-buildings-market-research/
28. Iyo Canada Green Zvivakwa Strategy: Shandura nzvimbo yezvivakwa zveCanada kune net-zero uye yakasimba remangwana - https://natural-resources.canada.ca/transparency/reporting-and-accountability/plans-and-performance-reports/departmental-strategies/the-canada-green-buildings-strategy-transforming-canadas-buildings-sector-for-net-zer/26065
29. Mafungiro: Vancouver inotungamira nzira yekugadzira zvivakwa zvikuru zvakasvibirira - https://www.biv.com/news/commentary/opinion-vancouver-leading-the-way-on-decarbonization-of-large-buildings-8653867
30. Zvishandiso zveGreen zvekuvaka zveDzimba dzeVancouver - https://www.nicons.ca/blog/top-green-building-materials-for-vancouver-homes