Vancouver's Urban Planning Legacy: The Evolution of Eco-Friendly Design

Vancouver's kuronga maguta Nhaka inoratidzirwa neimwe nzira yakasarudzika inozivikanwa se'Vancouverism'. Iyi pfungwa inobatanidza nzvimbo dzekugara dzepamusoro-soro ne musanganiswa-wekushandisa zviitiko, tichisimbisa mafambiro evanhu, girinhi nzvimbo, uye kuona makoridho¹. Shanduko yeguta yakatanga mukupera kwema1980, ichitungamirwa nekudzikira-kwakakonzeresa shanduko yakanangana nepamusoro-density budiriro yekugara. Nzira yekuronga yeVancouver yabva yave muenzaniso wepasi rose wekuchengetedza kukura kwemaguta, kuenzanisa kukura kwemaguta ne kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza².

• Vancouver's 'Vancouverism' modhi inosanganisa nzvimbo dzekugara dzakashongana nenzvimbo dzakasanganiswa-kushandiswa uye inosimbisa mafambiro everuzhinji, nzvimbo dzakasvibirira, uye ona makoridho.
• Shanduko yedhorobha yekuronga madhorobha yakatanga mukupera kwema1980, ichitungamirwa nekudzikira-kwakakonzeresa shanduko yakanangana nekusimudzira kwekugara.
• Magadzirirwo ezvirongwa zveVancouver ave muenzaniso wepasi rose wekuenzanisa kukura kwemaguta nekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
• Huwandu hwevanhu veguta hwave nekukura kukuru, neMetro yakakura Vancouver nharaunda iri kuwedzera ne140% kubva muna 1971 kusvika 2016¹.
• Vancouver inomira zvakanyanya pakurarama asi zvakare inotarisana nematambudziko nekukwanisa kwedzimba, iri pachinzvimbo chechitatu pasi rose mukusakwanisa kutenga.¹.

Vancouver's urban landscape chiratidzo chekuvandudza kuronga guta, inoratidzira denga rakatetepa, rakasanganiswa-kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro inochengetedza maonero emakomo³. Kuzvipira kweguta ku dhizaini inogadzikana zvinoonekwa mukusimbisa kwayo pakufamba, kufamba kwevanhu, uye nzvimbo dzakasvibira⁴. Iyi nzira haina kungovandudza hupenyu hweguta asi zvakare yakaisa Vancouver semutungamiri mune eco-hushamwari kukura kwemaguta⁴.

Inotora nzvimbo inosvika 114.97 square kilometers, nzvimbo yedhorobha reVancouver inoratidzwa nemusanganiswa wakasiyana wezvitaera zvekuvaka uye mashandisirwo evhu.⁵. Kudenga kweguta kuzere nekutetepa, kwepamusoro-soro zvivakwa izvo zvinoisa pamberi pehutsi uchichengetedza maonero emakomo akapoteredza³. Kusiyana neizvi, nzvimbo dzekugara dzeguta dzinosanganisira musanganiswa wedzimba dzakasununguka, zvivakwa zvepakati-kukwira, uye mamwe matunhu akakwirira.⁵.

The kukosha of sustainable patani mukuronga kweguta reVancouver kunosimbiswa nekuedza kweguta kuenzanisa urban density ne kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza⁴. Kuzvipira uku kukusimudzira eco-hushamwari kwakaisa Vancouver semutungamiri wepasi rose hurongwa hwemadhorobha hwakasimba, nezvirongwa zvakaita seGreenest manzwiro Action Plan yakanangana nekuderedza mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza eguta⁴.

"Dai munhu wese aigara sezviri kuita Vancouverites parizvino, zvaizoda mapuraneti matatu kusvika mana kuti atsigire chiyero chekushandisa."⁴

Kutarisisa kweVancouver pakugadzira guta rinogara, rakagadzikana hakuna kungovandudza hupenyu hwevagari varo asi zvakare kukwezva kutarisisa kwepasirese uye kuzivikanwa.⁴. Sezvo guta richiramba richishanduka, kuzvipira kwaro kune kugadzirwa kwezvakatipoteredza, maguta ngwara, uye urban ecology ichave yakakosha mukuumba budiriro yayo yeramangwana uye kusimbisa mukurumbira wayo semuenzaniso weeco-hushamwari kuronga maguta.

Vancouver's kukura kwemaguta nhoroondo inotaridzwa nezviitiko zvakakosha zvakaumba nzvimbo yeguta rekuvaka uye kuronga misimboti.⁶. Kushanduka-shanduka kweguta kunoratidza kuedza nemoyo wese kugadzira chinorarama, chinogoneka mhepo mvura nenzvimbo inoremekedza zvakaipoteredza⁷.

Kuvandudzwa kwemadhorobha kweguta kunogona kukamurwa kuita hutongi hutatu hwakasiyana: The Permissive Regime (1886-1931), Iyo Zoning yeKukura Regime (1931-1972), uye The Spot Discretionary Regime (1972-Present)⁷. Pasi pePermissive Regime, 21% yezvivakwa zveVancouver zvazvino zvakavakwa pamberi pekuchinja kune hutsva, hwakasimba hutongi hwekutonga.⁷. Iyo Zoning yeKukura Regime ine chinangwa chekudzivirira dzimba dzemhuri dzakawanda kuti dzipinde munzvimbo dzine mhuri imwe chete, zvichikonzera kupatsanurwa kwebudiriro nekushandiswa kwevhu.⁷.

Vancouver's akitekicha yakapesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira huwandu hwayo hweAsia, izvo zvakakonzera kuwanda kwezvivakwa zvitete-refu-refu zvinoyeuchidza magadzirirwo edzimba dzeJapan diki.⁶. Guta racho mapurani ezvivakwa akaumbwa zvakare neSpot Discretionary Regime, izvo zvakakonzera kuti iwedzere kuomarara nzira dzekubvumidza uye masheti akareba ekusimudzira ezvivakwa zvemhuri dzakawanda.⁷.

Brent Toderian, akashanda semutungamiriri wezvekuronga muVancouver kwemakore matanhatu, akasimbisa nzira yakasvibirira yehudhorobha, yakatarisana neguta rakazara uye rakagadzikana. urban design⁸. Munguva yekutonga kwake, guta rakatarisana nematambudziko makuru, anosanganisira matambudziko ebhajeti, kuramwa mabasa kwekanzuru, kuderera kwepasirese muna 2008, shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika ebato rekanzuru, uye zvematongerwo enyika muCity Hall.⁸. Basa raToderian raisanganisira zvirongwa zvakaita seCambie Corridor Plan, iyo yakatsauka kubva pachinyakare podium tower densification muVancouver.⁸.

Shanduko yenzvimbo yedhorobha reVancouver inoratidza kuzvipira kweguta kugadzira nzvimbo inogarika, inogadzikana inoremekedza nharaunda yaro uye inopindura zvinodiwa nevagari varo vakasiyana.⁶⁷⁸.

Kuronga kwemadhorobha kwakasimba rave musimboti wedanho rekuvandudza reVancouver, rinotungamirwa nekuzvipira kwakadzama kune kuziva zvakatipoteredza uye girinhi utsanzi⁹. Pamwoyo weiyi nzira pane seti yezvakakosha eco-hushamwari dhizaini misimboti inotungamira mabasa eguta ekuronga madhorobha.

Vancouver's eco-inoshamwaridzika kuronga kwemadhorobha inoisa pamberi kushandiswa kweruzhinji rwekufambisa, kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibira dzakakura, uye kushanda yezviyero zvekuvaka zvisina simba⁹. Iyi nzira yakazara ine chinangwa chekudzikisa eguta kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwevagari vayo.

• Kutungamira mafambiro eruzhinji kuderedza kushandiswa kwemotokari yakazvimirira uye kuburitsa
• Kubatanidza nzvimbo dzakasvibirira uye dzemaguta biodiversity kukurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo
• Kuita LEED-goridhe uye LEED-platinamu zvitupa zvekuvaka kushanda nesimba⁹

Kuzvipira kwaVancouver ku hurongwa hwemadhorobha hwakasimba rave nemukurumbira pasi rose, guta richishanda semuenzaniso kune mamwe makanzuru ari kuedza kuziva zvakatipoteredza¹⁰. Chirongwa cheGreenest City Action Plan, chirongwa chakakwana chakatangwa muna 2011, chakaisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa mamiriro enzvimbo yeguta uye kushandura kune mamwe. remangwana rakasimba.

Aya mapurojekiti ehunyanzvi uye anoyemurika anoratidza hutungamiriri hwepasi rose hweVancouver mukuronga kwemadhorobha, kumisa mwero wepamusoro kuziva zvakatipoteredza uye green innovation¹⁰.

Padivi pezvirongwa zvinobatika izvi, maitiro eVancouver ekuronga kwemadhorobha akafurirwawo netsvakiridzo ichangoburwa pamusoro pekutonga kwemadhorobha commons nemaguta seanojairwa.¹¹. Kuedza kweguta kubatanidza misimboti iyi muzvirongwa zvaro zvekuronga kunosimbisa chinzvimbo charo semutungamiri wepasi rose kuvandudzwa kwemaguta.

Kuronga kwemadhorobha eVancouver kunotungamirwa nemitemo yakakosha inoisa pamberi zvirongwa zvezvakatipoteredza uye budiriro yenharaunda. Maviri emitemo yakakosha ndeyeGreenest City Action Plan (GCAP) neiyo Official Community Plan.

The Greenest City Action Plan, yakatangwa pamberi peMitambo yeOlympic ya2010, yakaisa chido kuchengetedza zvinangwa zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa panosvika 2020¹². Ichi chirongwa chakakwana chakanangana nekushandura Vancouver kuita rimwe remaguta akasvibira pasi rose, ichitarisa munzvimbo gumi neimwe dzakakosha senge. zvivako zvakasvibirira, Renewable energy, uye zero tsvina¹². Iyo GCAP yakabatsira mukuumba Vancouver's mutemo wemaguta uye kufambisa kufambira mberi kweguta kune kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza¹².

Padivi peGreenest City Action Plan, Vancouver's Official Community Plan (OCP) inosimbisa kubatanidzwa kwe misimboti yekusimudzira kupinda muguta budiriro yenharaunda. Iyo OCP, kunyanya yenzvimbo dzakaita seSoutheast False Creek, inotsanangura chiono chekugadzira nharaunda dzinogara, dzakasanganiswa-kushandisa dzinoisa pamberi.¹³ yakakwirira-density, yepakati-inokwira zvivakwa zvinotarisisa nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye green infrastructure¹³. Izvi mutemo wemaguta zvimiro zvave zvakakosha mukutungamirira kukura kweguta uye kutarisira kwezvakatipoteredza¹².

"Maguta emunguva yemberi achange akatenderera, achikurudzira zviito zvakavharika uye maitiro ekutenderera senge kuvaka." – Kutungamira Circular Economy sangano

Sezvo Vancouver ichiramba ichishanduka, yayo mutemo wemaguta uye zvirongwa zvezvakatipoteredza ichaita basa rinokosha mukuumba remangwana rakanaka reguta. Greenest City Action Plan uye Official Community Plan yakabatsira mukufambisa kufambira mberi kweguta kusvika pakuva mutungamiri wepasi rose mu. budiriro yenharaunda uye¹⁴ zvipenyu kuchengetedza¹⁴¹²¹³.

Kuzvipira kwaVancouver ku kutakurwa kwakasimba uye chivakwa chakasvibirira mipimo yave iri simba rinosunda shure kwayo eco-hushamwari zvivakwa. Iyo yakazara yeguta yekufambisa yeruzhinji system, kusanganisira iyo SkyTrain neSeaBus, inopa inoshanda dzimwe nzira dzekufamba nemotokari, kuderedza nharaunda. kuchinja dzenzendo dzevafambi¹⁵.

Pamusoro pezvirongwa zvayo zvekufambiswa neveruzhinji, Vancouver yakaita zvakaomesesa green building standards, nezvakawanda zviri kuitika LEED chitupa. Semuyenzaniso, zvivakwa zvese zviri muSoutheast False Creek nharaunda zvakawana kanenge LEED NC Goridhe certification, pamwe nekuwana chinzvimbo chePlatinum.¹⁵. Zvirongwa izvi zvinoratidza kuzvipira kweguta mukudzikisa nharaunda kuburikidza nehunyanzvi kwezvivako solutions.

The Livable Region Strategic Hurongwa, hwakagamuchirwa muna 1996, hwakanga huri mutyairi mukuru mukuumba sarudzo dzekufambisa dzedunhu¹⁵. Iine mbiru ina - Green Zone, nharaunda dzakakwana, dunhu rakabatana, uye yakawedzera sarudzo yekufambisa - chirongwa chakateya hwaro hweVancouver's. kutakurwa kwakasimba samambure¹⁵.

Vaimbove vaaishanda navo, vanosanganisira Ken Cameron, Susan Haid, Hugh Kellas, Christina DeMarco, Nancy Knight, naRichard White, vakabatsira mukuvandudza chirongwa ichi, ukuwo vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa nevarongi vekanzuru, vakadai sevaimbove vatungamiri Mike Harcourt naGordon Campbell, uye vaimbove vatungamiri. Metro Vancouver Board masachigaro Greg Halsey-Brandt naGeorge Puil, vakapa nhungamiro ine simba¹⁵.

Kuzvipira kweVancouver kune inoenderera mberi kunopfuura nhanho dzayo dzekufambisa, neguta riri kutungamira mukusvibira kuvaka zviyero. Nzvimbo yeSoutheast False Creek, semuenzaniso, yakaisa bhawa yakakwira, iine zvivakwa zvese zvinowana kanenge LEED NC Goridhe certification, uye zvimwe zvichisvika ane mukurumbira Platinum chinzvimbo.¹⁵.

Kutarisa uku kushanda nesimba uye dhizaini yakamira haina kurongeka kuVancouver, sezvo maguta akaita seSingapore aratidza mukana wekushandura we skyrise greening.¹⁶. Varongi vemaguta vari kuwedzera kuziva basa rakakosha renzvimbo dzakasvibira mukugadzira nharaunda dzakasimba, nematanho akaita seGreening Sydney 2030 zano rinoshanda semuenzaniso unokurudzira.¹⁶.

“Zvakanakira urban greening zvinosanganisira kudzikiswa kwekushushikana uye kuora mwoyo pakati pevagari vemumaguta, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemufaro uye kugutsikana kwehupenyu zvibodzwa nekuda kwekuwana nzvimbo dzakasvibira. "¹⁶

Nokuisa pokutanga kutakurwa kwakasimba uye zviyero zvekuvaka zvakasvibirira, Vancouver inoenderera mberi nekusimbisa chinzvimbo chayo semutungamiri wepasirese mukuronga eco-hushamwari dhorobha nedhizaini.

MuVancouver, kubatanidzwa kwevanhu uye zvirongwa zvemunharaunda kuita basa rakakosha mudhorobha reguta kuronga maitiro. Guta rinobata-bata vagari kuburikidza nekubvunzana mazano neveruzhinji uye mapurojekiti anofambiswa nenharaunda, kuona kuti budiriro yemaguta inofambirana nezvido nezvishuwo zve nharaunda dzemunharaunda¹⁷. Iyi nzira yekubatana chiratidzo chekuedza kwakasimba kweVancouver, sezvo ichipa vagari simba rekugadzirisa ramangwana revavakidzani vavo.

Kutora chikamu kweruzhinji ibwe repakona reVancouver's urban planning strategy. Guta rinoona ruzivo rwakakosha uye hunyanzvi hungaunzwa nenharaunda munharaunda. Nekusimudzira nhaurirano yakavhurika uye nekubatanidza mhinduro yenharaunda, maitiro ekuronga anove anosanganisirwa uye anoteerera kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa nevagari vemuVancouver.¹⁷. Iyi inosanganisirwa nzira inobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti magumo ekupedzisira emaguta mapurojekiti ebudiriro ratidza maonero nezvinokosheswa nenharaunda.

Mumwe muenzaniso wakakurumbira we munharaunda kubatanidzwa mukuronga kwemadhorobha eVancouver ndiko kuvandudzwa kweOlympic Village. Munguva dzekuronga, guta rakatsvaga ruzivo rweveruzhinji, izvo zvakapesvedzera zvakanyanya kusimudzira kweprojekiti uye zvinowanikwa munharaunda.¹⁷. Iyi nzira yekubatana yakakonzera nharaunda ine simba, inogarika yave muenzaniso we dhizaini yemadhorobha yakagadzikana.

Imwe nyaya kudzidza ndiyo budiriro yeFalse Creek Flats, uko guta rakashanda padhuze nevatambi venzvimbo kugadzira dunhu rakasanganiswa-rinoisa pamberi pekuchengetedza, dzimba dzinodhura, uye nzvimbo dzakatarisana nenharaunda¹⁷. Maitiro ekubvunza nharaunda nekubatana akave nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini yekupedzisira yairatidza zvinodiwa uye zvishuwo zvenharaunda dzakapoteredza.

Kuzvipira kwaVancouver ku kubatanidzwa kwevanhu uye kuronga kwemadhorobha kunotungamirwa nenharaunda kwaita kuti guta rizivikanwe pasi rose semutungamiri mubudiriro yeguta¹⁷. Nekupa simba vagari kuti vatore basa rakasimba mukuumba nharaunda dzavo, Vancouver yakaisa muenzaniso wekubatanidza uye kuterera kuronga kwemadhorobha iyo inogona kushanda semuenzaniso kune mamwe maguta pasi rese.

Semhedzisiro ye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze zvichiwedzera kuoneka, varongi vemaguta muVancouver vari kuvandudza nzira dzekusimudzira kusimba kweguta uye kuchinjika.¹⁸. Vanoda kusvika 70% yehuwandu hwepasi rose vanogara munzvimbo dzinotarisirwa kukwira zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti maguta¹⁸. Mukupindura, Vancouver yakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuita kuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze, kuratidza kuzvipira kwayo ku kuvandudzwa kwemaguta.

Chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha pakuedza kweguta reVancouver kusimbaradza kweguta kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze¹⁸. London yakagadzira hofisi yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuti iongorore ruzivo rwezveruzivo rwekugadzirisa dambudziko remangwana rekukwira kwakanyanya kwegungwa nekukanganisa kwaro muguta.¹⁸. Saizvozvo, Vancouver yakatarisana nematanho ekudzikisa njodzi yemafashama uye kugadzirisa dutu manejimendi manejimendi, kuve nechokwadi kuti guta rakagadzirira zviri nani kutsungirira mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Padivi pemaitiro ayo ekusimbaradza, Vancouver yakabatanidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa muhurongwa hwayo hwekuronga maguta.¹⁹. Kuedza uku kunosanganisira kugadzira zvivakwa zvakasvibira, zvakaita semadhorobha masango uye matope, kuwedzera zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kutorwa kwekabhoni¹⁹. Uyezve, guta rakashandisa mitemo yekuderedza greenhouse gas emissions, kuratidza maitiro akazara kune kuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuronga kwezvakatipoteredza.

Maitiro eVancouver ekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekuronga madhorobha anogadza muenzaniso wakasimba kune mamwe maguta ekutevera. Nekukoshesa kusimba uye kuchinjika, guta rakamisikidzwa kuti rifambe mumatambudziko anokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuve neramangwana rakagadzikana kune vagari varo.

"Mazano eVancouver ekuronga madhorobha anowedzera kutarisa kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichiratidza kuzvipira kweguta kuvaka nharaunda inogadzirisa mamiriro ekunze."

Kubatanidzwa kwe kuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze mazano muVancouver's urban planning framework chiratidzo chehutungamiriri hweguta kubudirira kwakasimba²⁰. Guta reNew York rakashuma kuderedzwa kwe19 muzana mukubuda kwegasi regreenhouse (GHG) pakati pa2005 na2012, sechikamu chezvinangwa zvekusimudzira.²⁰. Saizvozvo, Vancouver yakaisa zvinangwa zvekuda kudzikisa kukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza, ichishanda semuenzaniso kune mamwe maguta ari kutsvaga kuenderana nezvinetso zvinounzwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Vancouver yanga iri pamberi pekusimudzira dhorobha, ichiratidza kuzvipira kwayo mukugadzira nharaunda dzinochengeta nharaunda. Mapurojekiti maviri anozivikanwa anoratidza chiratidzo ichi ndeyeOlympic Village uye yeFalse Creek Flats budiriro²¹.

Musha weOlympic, wava kuzivikanwa seMusha uri paFalse Creek, unomira semuenzaniso weVancouver's eco-friendly planning. Iyi yakasanganiswa-inoshandisa nharaunda ine 1,100 dzimba dzedzimba, kusanganisira dzinodhura sarudzo dzedzimba, uye yakawana LEED certification yezvivakwa zvayo.²¹. Musha uyu wakagadzirirwa kuve wakasimba, wakaderera-kabhoni nharaunda, uchitarisa kune yakasvibira zvivakwa uye inovandudzwa magetsi masosi.

MaOlympics e2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics akaunza matanho ekusimudzira, akadai sekushandisa simbi yakadzokororwa kubva kumagumo ehupenyu hwemagetsi mumenduru dzeOlympic nekugadzira matochi eOlympic anodzokororwa.²². Zvivakwa zveOlympic Village zvakagadzirirwa kuve simba rekuzvimirira, zvichibatanidza zvinhu zvakaita semapanera emvura inopisa yezuva uye kushandiswa kwemarara kwemarara.²². Inosvika makumi mashanu muzana ezvivakwa zvekugara mumusha uyu zvine matenga akafukidzwa neuswa kuti atore mvura inonaya. insulation, uye kukwezva Wildlife²².

Kuvandudzwa kweFalse Creek Flats ndechimwe chirongwa chakakosha muVancouver, chakatarisana nekugadzira nharaunda yakagadzikana, inotungamirwa nehunyanzvi. Iyi nharaunda, yaimbova hubhu yeindasitiri, iri kushandurwa kuita hubhu yemaindasitiri akasvibira, tsvagiridzo, uye kugara kwemadhorobha.²¹. Iyo budiriro ine chinangwa chekuratidzira kuzvipira kweVancouver kune kubudirira kwakasimba, kumutsiridza maguta, uye kusikwa kwe nharaunda dzakasvibira.

Zvirongwa zveVancouver zvezvivakwa, kusanganisira kuwedzera kweSkyTrain system uye kusimudzirwa kwezvifambiso zvinotungamira (TODs), zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya musika weguta rezvivakwa uye zvinangwa zvekusimudzira.²³. Public-private kudyidzana (PPPs) kwave kwakakosha pakuunza izvi mapurojekiti ezvivakwa, kukurudzira hunyanzvi hwekugovana, zviwanikwa, uye njodzi.²³.

Aya mapurojekiti eco-hushamwari muVancouver anoratidza kuzvipira kweguta kugadzira nzvimbo dzinogara, dzakasimba, uye dzinofambiswa nenharaunda dzinoisa pamberi pekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye magariro. hupenyu hwakanaka²¹²³²².

Vancouver's dhizaini yemadhorobha inoisa simbiso yakasimba pakubatanidza muzvarirwo mumucheka weguta. Guta racho rinozvikudza zvakawanda nzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzakasvibira, kusanganisira iyo iconic Stanley Park, iyo inobatsira zvipenyu zvemumaguta uye kupa nzvimbo dzekutandarira kune vagari¹⁷. Aya mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza nharaunda, akatangwa kuburikidza nenharaunda-based networked zvirongwa uye grassroots eco-village kuedza, ine chinangwa chekuwana budiriro kunyangwe kushushikana kwemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze.¹⁷.

Nzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzeVancouver dzine musanganiswa wezvirimwa zvekuzvarwa uye zvisiri zvekuzvarwa howa²⁴. Nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzechinyakare dzinenge dziine mhuka dzisiri dzeko kana zvichienzaniswa neachangogara, uye maguta akakura seVancouver anowanzo takura mhuka dzisiri dzeko pane madiki madhorobha.²⁴. Nekudaro, mune zvimwe zviitiko zvepasi kusvika pakati nepakati budiriro yemadhorobha, senge subburbanization, hupfumi hwemhando inogona kuwedzera nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo yekugara heterogeneity uye kuchinjwa kwemhirizhonga hurumende²⁴.

Community gardens uye mapurojekiti ekurima emumaguta akawana traction mhiri kweVancouver, zvichibatsira kuchengeteka kwezvokudya uye kubatana kwenharaunda. Kuedza uku hakungowedzere kunaka kweguta chete asi kunopawo mikana yekuti vagari vabatane nezvisikwa uye kurima zvirimwa zvavo.

"Nzvimbo dzakagadzikana muVancouver dzakabudirira mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo, nevagari vachitaura zviitiko zvakanaka nemamiriro ekunze, mafomu ekuvaka, uye matekinoroji anoshandiswa."¹⁷

Nepo maitiro ekuongorora aripo anotarisa zvakanyanya pamatanho ehuwandu, kune kuwedzera kucherechedzwa kwekukosha kwekubatanidzwa kwevatori vechikamu mukumisikidza nzira dzekuongorora uye kuenderera mberi kwekutora chikamu muzvirongwa zvenharaunda¹⁷. Mamiriro akabatanidzwa anoshandisa rondedzero uye magariro etsika anokurudzirwa kuzadza mikaha mukuongorora chiyero chechiitiko uye magariro emagariro ezvirongwa zvinogara zvichiitwa munharaunda.¹⁷.

Urban dhizaini masterplanners vanoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira ramangwana rakasimba reVancouver²⁵. Alexandra Steed, uyo akavhura hofisi yeVancouver muna 2024, ane mukurumbira mundima iyi²⁶. Basa rake rinoratidza kukosha kwevagadziri mukugadzira akabatana, akasimba nharaunda dzemaguta. Nyanzvi idzi dzinounza hupfumi hwehunyanzvi, kubatanidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuronga maguta, kubva pakuvaka kusvika pakuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuve nechokwadi kuti budiriro yeVancouver inoenderana nezvinangwa zvayo zvekusimudzira.

Alexandra Steed, nyanzvi yekugadzira dhizaini yemadhorobha, asiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki panzvimbo yedhorobha reVancouver.²⁶. Hutungamiri hwake mukuronga nekusimudzira kweguta kwave kubatsira mukushandura nzvimbo yaro yekutengesa uye nzvimbo yemvura yeindasitiri kuita nzvimbo dzine simba, dzekugara uye dzakasanganiswa-kushandisa. Kuzvipira kwaSteed ku misimboti yekugadzira inoenderera yanga iri simba rekufambisa kumashure kwezvizhinji zvezvirongwa zvedhorobha zveVancouver zvakabudirira.

²⁷ Munda wehutungamiriri hwemadhorobha wakakosha kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka uye kutungamira kuedza kune yemhando yepamusoro urbanism.²⁷. Nepo ruzhinji rwemabhuku ehutungamiriri rwakanangana nehutungamiriri hweveruzhinji uye bhizinesi, basa remadhorobha dhizaini masterplanner mukugadzira maguta rinoramba riri nharaunda inoda kumwe kuongorora.²⁷. Nyanzvi idzi dzine hunyanzvi, mambure, uye kuzvitonga kuunganidza mapoka akasiyana uye kusimudzira kusimukira kwenzvimbo chaidzo, sezvakaratidzwa nemipiro yaSteed muVancouver.

²⁶ Maitiro eVancouver kune dhizaini yemadhorobha yakadzokororwa zvakanyanya mumaguta akasiyana pasi rose, kusanganisira Seattle, San Francisco, uye maguta muDubai, Abu Dhabi, Marazhiya, India, neChina²⁶. Kusimbisa kweguta kune ane rupo nharaunda yeruzhinji uye yemhando yepamusoro budiriro yakazvimiririra, inotsigirwa nemirairo yenzvimbo dzakaomesesa uye dhizaini dhizaini, yave muenzaniso wekuenderera mberi kuronga kwemaguta pasi rese.

"Vagadziri vedhizaini yemadhorobha vakaita saAlexandra Steed ndiwo magamba asina kusimba ebudiriro yemadhorobha, achiunza pamwechete vanobatana vakasiyana uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira maguta anogarika, ane hushamwari."

Sezvo dhizaini yemadhorobha ichiramba ichishanduka, basa revanoronga saAlexandra Steed richave rakakosha mukutungamira Vancouver nemamwe maguta kune ramangwana rakagadzikana.²⁵. Hutungamiri hwavo, hwakasanganiswa nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemisimboti yekugadzira madhorobha uye kuita kwenharaunda, kuchabatsira mukuumba maguta emangwana.

Sezvo Vancouver ichienderera mberi nekuzvipira kwayo mukusimudzirwa kwemadhorobha, kuedza kweguta remangwana kuronga kungangobatanidza huwandu hwemadhorobha. hunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye nzira²⁸. Tsvagiridzo yezve eco-inoshamwaridzika kuronga kwemadhorobha, yakaburitswa muna 2016, inoburitsa akati wandei akakosha maitiro anozogadzira ramangwana reguta reVancouver.²⁸.

Kubatanidzwa kwe ngwara guta dzemuchina ichave yakakosha chikamu chekuronga kwedhorobha reVancouver. Aya matekinoroji, ayo anosanganisira advanced sensors, data analytics, uye nehungwaru zvivakwa, zvinogonesa hunyanzvi hwekutonga zviwanikwa, kuderedza. kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kuvandudza kushanda kweguta rose²⁸. Pamusoro pezvo, guta rinotarisirwa kuwedzera mari mukati matsimba emagetsi anovandudzwa, zvakadai sesimba rezuva nemhepo, kuderedza zvayo kabhoni tsoka uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwe clean energy zvitubu²⁸.

Kuvandudzwa mukutonga kwemarara kuchaitawo basa rakakosha muVancouver's eco-hushamwari kuronga maguta. Kuitwa kwemapurogiramu epamusoro ekudzokorodza uye kugadzira manyowa, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemarara-kune-simba mhinduro, zvichabatsira mukuedza kweguta kugadzira hupfumi hwakasimba uye hwakatenderedzwa.²⁸.

Sezvo huwandu hwemadhorobha hwepasirese huri kuramba huchikwira, Vancouver ingangosangana nekukura kwakakosha kwehuwandu mumakumi emakore ari kuuya²⁸. United Nations inofungidzira kuti vagari vemumaguta eAfrica, Asia, neLatin America vachapeta kaviri mumakore 30 anotevera, kubva pamabhiriyoni 1.9 muna 2000 kusvika pamabhiriyoni 3.9 muna 2030.²⁸. Pakazosvika 2030, vanopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana vehuwandu hwepasi rose vachagara mumaguta²⁸.

Mukupindura kukura uku, kuedza kweVancouver kurongedza maguta kunotarisisa kune densification, musanganiswa-kushandiswa kusimukira, uye kukwidziridzwa kwezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji. Aya marongero anovavarira kugadzira nharaunda dzinogara, dzinofambika, uye dzekufamba-famba, ukuwo kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzakakosha uye kusimudzira zvipenyu zvemumaguta.²⁸. Kuzvipira kweguta ku kukura kwakasimba uye kubatanidzwa kwe urban innovation, smart city technologies, uye kukura kwakasimba misimboti ichave yakakosha mukuumba mamiriro ayo emumaguta emunguva yemberi²⁸.

Nekubatanidza matekinoroji ekucheka-kumucheto, kusimudzira kukura kwemaguta, uye kuisa pamberi pekuita nharaunda, Vancouver yakagadzirira kutungamira nzira mukuronga kwemaguta eco-hushamwari uye inoshanda semuenzaniso kumaguta pasi rese.²⁸.

Vancouver's urban planning legacy inoratidzirwa nemaitiro ayo matsva ekugadzira guta rakagadzikana, rinogara²⁹. Kuzvipira kweguta kubatanidza zvivakwa zvakasvibirira, zvakaita semasango emudhorobha uye nzira dzinotendereka, zvakabatsira mukuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo nemvura, kuderedza. kupisa kwemaguta zvitsuwa, uye kutsigira biodiversity²⁹. Izvi zvinotarisisa eco-hushamwari dhizaini misimboti yakaisa Vancouver semutungamiri wepasi rose mukusimudzirwa kwemadhorobha, neguta re'Vancouverism' modhi rinokurudzira maguta pasi rese.²⁹. Zvakare, kuita basa kwenharaunda yenzvimbo kwave chinhu chakakosha mukubudirira kwezvirongwa zveVancouver zvekuronga maguta, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa uye zvishuwo zvevagari zvinoratidzwa mukushanduka kweguta.

Vancouver's urban planning legacy inotsanangurwa nekuedza kwayo kwekupayona mukugadzirisa dhizaini, kusimbisa kwayo kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda, uye pesvedzero yayo yepasirese semuenzaniso wemaguta anorarama, ane hushamwari.²⁹. Kuzvipira kweguta kubatanidza zvivakwa zvakasvibira, kusimudzira zvifambiso zveveruzhinji, uye kuomerera kune yakakwira nharaunda zviyero zvakakonzera mabhenefiti anobatika kune vagari varo, kusanganisira kuvandudzwa kwemweya nemvura, kuderedzwa kwezvitsuwa zvekupisa kwemaguta, uye kuwedzera kwezvivakwa.²⁹. Pamusoro pezvo, kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzine nhoroondo uye kubatanidzwa kwenhaka isingabatike kwave kuri pakati penzira yeVancouver yekuronga maguta, kuve nechokwadi chekuti hunhu hweguta uye kuzivikanwa kwaro zvinochengetedzwa pamwe neshanduko yaro.

Sezvo Vancouver inotarisa kune ramangwana, yakatarisana nematambudziko akati wandei, kusanganisira kuenderera mberi kwekukurumidza kukurumidza kuguta, kugona kwedzimba, uye kuwedzera kwemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.³⁰. Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, guta rinofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekuvakira panhaka yaro yekuronga maguta, kuchinjisa marongero aro uye marongero kuti asangane nezviri kubuda zvinodiwa uye zvishuwo zvevagari varo.³⁰. Izvi zvinosanganisira kumwe kudyara mari muzvivakwa zvakasvibira, kuongorora matekinoroji matsva uye nzira dzekugadzira, uye kusimbaradzwa kwezvirongwa zvekubatanidzwa kwenharaunda kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kukura kweguta uye budiriro inoramba ichienderana nehwaro hwaro hwekugara, kusimba, uye kubatanidzwa munharaunda.²⁹. Nekuita izvi, Vancouver inogona kusimbaradza chinzvimbo chayo semuenzaniso wepasi rose wekurongeka kwemadhorobha, kukurudzira uye kutungamira mamwe maguta munzendo dzawo kuenda kune remangwana rakatsiga uye rakaenzana.

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