I-S3, i-E7: i-Portrait ukuya kwi-Landscape-Isicwangciso soBume beNdawo ukuHlaziya ikamva lethu, u-Alexandra wakhwela kwiNcwadi yakhe eNgqongileyo, iCandelo loku-2.

[00:00:37] UJackie De Burca: Molo emva kwemini, okanye kusasa, kuxhomekeke apho ukhoyo. Ndikunye no-Alexandra Stead othandekayo, ozibandakanya nathi namhlanje, osuka Vancouver in Khanada. Kwaye le yesibini kuthotho mini podcasts kuba uyibhale le ncwadi imangalisayo ikufanele ngokwenene ukujongwa kwiinkcukacha ezininzi. UAlexandra, intshayelelo ekhawulezayo kakhulu kuba siza kukhuthaza wonke umntu ukuba abuyele umva aze kuva isiqendu sokuqala ukuba abakakwenzi oko.

[00:01:08] Alexandra Steed Molo, Jackie. Ewe, enkosi kakhulu ngokuba nam kwipodcast yakho kwakhona. Ndivuya ngokwenene ukuba lapha nokuthetha nawe kwakhona.

Ke, njengoko ubutshilo, igama lam nguAlexandra Stead. Ndingumyili wendalo. Ndineminyaka engama-25 ndisebenza kweli candelo, kwaye ndinefemu eLondon ebizwa ngokuba yiAlexandra Stead, eUrban. Kwaye kunjalo, ndisanda kubhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Portrait to Landscape, isicwangciso somhlaba sokuphinda sihlaziye ikamva lethu. Kwaye ke kuya kuba kuhle ukuthetha nawe ngakumbi malunga naloo nto namhlanje.

[00:01:41] UJackie De Burca: Uqaqambileyo. Ke kwakhona, ndiya kukhuthaza nabaphi na abaphulaphuli abangeva isiqendu sokuqala, nceda ubuyele, kuba lonke ulwazi olusisiseko lukhona kunye neeperile ezininzi zobulumko. Ke masitsibe kwinxalenye elandelayo yencwadi, kwaye unesicaphulo esichukumisayo esivela kuRachel Carson phaya, Alexandra, masiyiphonononge loo nto.

[00:02:01] Alexandra Steed Kunene. Ewe, ndingaqalisa ngokufunda iingcaphulo?

[00:02:05] UJackie De Burca: Nceda wenze. Ewe. Oko kuya kuqaqamba.

[00:02:07] Alexandra Steed Ithi, sime ngoku apho iindlela ezimbini ziyahlukana. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo neendlela ezikwimbongo eqhelekileyo kaRobert Frost, azinabulungisa ngokulinganayo. Indlela ekudala siyihamba ilula ngobuqhetseba, uhola wendlela ogudileyo apho siqhubela phambili ngesantya esikhulu. Kodwa ekugqibeleni kukho intlekele.

Enye ifolokhwe yendlela, le ingahanjwa kancinane, isinika ithuba lokugqibela, ekuphela kwethuba lethu lokufikelela kwindawo eqinisekisa ukulondolozwa komhlaba. Ukhetho, emva koko, lelethu ukuba silwenze. URachel Carson.

[00:02:45] UJackie De Burca: Kulungile, kunjalo. Ewe, sisicaphulo esibaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye kwabo bantu bangamaziyo ukuba ngubani uRachel Carson, ungathanda ukubazisa ukuba ungubani, okokuqala, kuba ngokucacileyo ubaluleke kakhulu kweli candelo.

[00:03:01] Alexandra Steed Ewe. Ewe, uRachel Carson ngumfazi omangalisayo, ngokwenene. Yena, ndicinga ukuba abantu abaninzi baya kumazi ngencwadi yakhe ethi Silent Spring. Kwaye esi sicatshulwa sisuka kule ncwadi ethi Silent Spring awayibhalayo wayibuyisela. Ndicinga ukuba kwakumalunga nowe-1960, malunga nelo xesha. Kwaye kunjalo, yena, wayeyi-ecologist. Wayesebenza entsimini, yaye wabona iinkcukacha ezininzi ezazibonisa indlela eyingozi ngayo iDDT. Kwaye ke ngezo ntsuku, yayisetyenziswa kakhulu, ngokubalulekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaba ukujongana nezitshabalalisi. Kwaye into ababeyifumana kwaye beyibona kwaye beyiqwalasela ekuhambeni kwexesha yayingekokuba iDDT yayihlasela izitshabalalisi, kodwa yayihlasela zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana. Zasendle nokubulala, uyazi, zonke iintlobo zeentaka. Kwaye ke kunjalo, kulapho le ngcamango yentwasahlobo ezolileyo yavela khona, yokuba ingcamango yokuba ngenye imini sisenokungabi nangoma yeentaka kwaye inokuba yoyikeka kangakanani loo nto? Ngoko nangona kunjalo, wayebazisa ngokwenene abantu. Uye wacinga ukuba, kufuneka ndazise uluntu ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni kwaye zinokuba yintoni ezi ziphumo zibi. Yaye yayimangalisa ngokwenene into eyenzekayo xa wayesenza. Ngoko.

Uyazi, ngokuqinisekileyo, bonke abantu kwishishini emva koko baqala ukumhlasela kunye nomlingiswa wakhe, bembiza ngokuba nguLuddite, bembiza ngokuba ngumfazi onobuqhetseba, uyazi, ukudelela, ukumgxeka nangayiphi na indlela.

Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kwavela intshukumo yonke yokusingqongileyo eyayijikeleze le ngcamango yokuba kufuneka siyikhusele indalo. Kufuneka sijonge indlela esiziphatha ngayo phakathi kweendlela zomhlaba. Kufuneka sijonge ezi zitshabalalisi, ezi zichumisi, ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umzimba ezingena kwi indawo. Ke, kunjalo, incwadi yakhe ethi Silent Spring ngokwenene yakhuthaza yonke le ntshukumo. Kwaye ndiyacinga ukuba esi sicatshulwa ndisifundileyo sichukumisa ngakumbi kuba sifanelekile namhlanje. Kubaluleke kakhulu namhlanje kunokuba kwakunjalo xa wayebhala oku, ukuba ngoku sikwifolokhwe endleleni. Kwaye siyayazi yonke le nto. Siyazi yonke imiba yokusingqongileyo edalwe zizenzo zethu kunye nemisebenzi yabantu emhlabeni. Sinazo zonke iinkcukacha. Siyabona apho isikhokelela khona. Kwaye ngoko ke ukhetho lokwethu ukuba silwenze. Ngaba sihamba nje ngaloo ndlela, siqhubeleka noshishino njengesiqhelo, okanye sikhetha enye indlela enentsebenziswano ngakumbi nendalo emalunga nokubuyisela umhlaba nokubuyisela ulwalamano lwethu nomhlaba? Ke ndicinga ukuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqalisa esi siqendu. Ngoko enkosi ngokundicela ukuba ndifunde eso sicatshulwa.

[00:06:02] UJackie De Burca: Uqaqambileyo. Ewe. Kwaye, ndiyathetha, sixhomekeke kuphela ekubeni ngowuphi unyaka kanye awawubhalayo laa ncwadi, uyazi, sikuphela, siyakuthi 50, 60 iminyaka ukusuka phaya, kwaye sikule folokhwe inkulu yendlela. Akukho mathandabuzo ngayo. Suku ngalunye kukho iindaba ezoyikeka ngakumbi eziphuma kumaphephandaba ngexesha loshicilelo, kwaye kungoMeyi ka-2024. Ngoku, xa ubuyela kwincwadi yakho, uyibona njani into oyibiza ngokuba yinkangeleko yomhlaba yangoku?

[00:06:30] Alexandra Steed Ewe, imeko yangoku, ndiyacinga.

Ndiyifumana imbonakalo yomhlaba inomdla kakhulu kuba ndiyibona njengendawo apho indalo nenkcubeko zidibana khona. Ke yonke into esiyikholelwayo malunga nobudlelwane bethu nendalo ibonakala kumhlaba. Ke imbonakalo-mhlaba yile mbonakalo yokwenyama yayo yonke into esiyikholelwayo ngathi kunye nendlela esisebenzisana ngayo nendalo. Sikholelwa malunga nolo budlelwane kunye nendalo. Ke yile ntetho yasemzimbeni, engakholelekiyo ukucinga ukuba sinayo phambi kwamehlo ethu. Sinokujonga kwaye sinokubona uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwendlela uluntu olunxibelelana ngayo nayo yonke indalo ngokujonga umhlaba.

Kwaye, uyazi, into esiyibonayo yile miba ikhulayo. Ngoko kunye ubushushu bukazwe lonke kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokwanda kwabantu, ukwanda kwinqanaba elinjalo, uyazi, kwi-1850, sasikwi-1.5 yezigidigidi. Ngowe-1950, sikwi-2.5 yezigidigidi. Ngoku sikwi-8 yezigidigidi zabantu. Kwaye akukho nje. Ayizoziphumo zamanani abantu kuphela, kodwa.

Kodwa malunga nendlela esandise ngayo ukuxhaphaza kwethu imihlaba. Ke sinonyawo olukhulu, nangona singabantu abazibhiliyoni ezisi-8. Kwaye mhlawumbi, uyazi, iplanethi inokubamba abantu abazibhiliyoni ezisi-8, ngokucacileyo. Kodwa yindlela ke ngoko esisebenzisa ngayo kwaye sikhuphe kwimihlaba yehlabathi.

Kwaye sithatha indawo eninzi. Ngamnye wethu unomkhondo omkhulu ngoku kangangokuba ukuxhaphazwa kobutyebi behlabathi kukhulu. Ke, kunjalo, sikwindawo ngoku sibona izixa ezikhulu zezehlo zemozulu. Ndicinga ukuba yinto efana nale kumashumi amahlanu eminyaka edlulileyo, inani leentlekele ezinxulumene nemozulu linyuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu.

Kwaye oku kuhambelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Ngoko sibona iziganeko ezinje kulo lonke ihlabathi. NdiseCanada ngoku, kwaye apha ngo-2021, andazi ukuba uyakhumbula na, bekukho umcimbi obizwa ngokuba yiheat dome. Kwaye.

Ewe. Ke apha eVancouver, iqhelekile ukuba yingingqi enemozulu epholileyo, ethambileyo kakhulu, ikhululekile, kwaye ngeli hlobo lithile, bekukho amaqondo obushushu angama-49.6 degrees celsius. Kwaye kwakushushu kakhulu kangangokuba kukho idolophu kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukusuka apho ndikhona, apho itshiswe ngumlilo wasendle. Idolophu yonke yatshatyalaliswa nje, kwaye ikhokelele ekufeni kwabantu abangama-600, izilwanyana zasefama ezingama-650,000 kunye nebhiliyoni yezilwanyana eziselunxwemeni lolwandle, kungabandakanywanga wonke umonakalo kubomi bezityalo nakwizinto eziphilayo. iziseko kunye neempawu. Umonakalo awukholeleki. Kwaye lo ngumzekelo nje omnye kwabaninzi, abaninzi ehlabathini lonke.

Ewe, siyabubona ubungqina bayo. Ndicinga ukuba sonke ngoku siyachatshazelwa lutshintsho lwemozulu. Andiqondi ukuba nabani na kuthi ubaleke iimpembelelo, kwaye sibona ezi ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ke, ewe, yinkxalabo enkulu.

[00:10:00] UJackie De Burca: Yinkxalabo enkulu. Ndifunde namhlanje kuba, kunjalo, sikwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zexesha kwiphephandaba le-Guardian ukuba amaqondo obushushu. Kwaye kwakhona, kungoMeyi, Meyi 30, 2024, eDelhi, yenyuka yaya kuthi ga kwi-50 degrees eMayenne Celsius. Njengokuba, yinto nje engakholelekiyo. Ngokucacileyo, kwincwadi yakho, uyazi, kukho. Kukho indlela, kukho indlela esengqiqweni kakhulu yokuba ulungisa imiba. Yeyiphi inkangeleko yomhlaba oyibekileyo ovakalelwa kukuba inokumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu?

[00:10:36] Alexandra Steed Kunene. Ewe, akukho. Bendingatsho ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lomhlaba.

Ndingathi kufuneka sibuyisele imbonakalo yomhlaba yazo zonke iindidi kwihlabathi liphela.

Ke, uyazi, umzekelo, amaplanga, amahlathi, iindawo ezinengca. Ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwabantu luyazi ngoku ngexabiso labo elimangalisayo kunye nezibonelelo zabo ezimangalisayo. Kukho igama elihlala lisetyenziswa kushishino lwam kunye nohlobo kushishino lophuhliso lwe Iinkonzo zendalo. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba lolo hlobo lwendlela yenzululwazi, okanye indlela yoqoqosho engakumbi yokucinga ngezi zipho zingakholelekiyo esizifumana kwindalo.

Kodwa kuhle ukubalaselisa. Ndiyavuya kuba ezi zipho zimangalisayo indalo esinika zona ngesisa ngoku ziqondwa. Kwaye, ewe, zibizwa i-ikhosistim iinkonzo, kodwa enye yeenkonzo eziphambili abazinikezelayo kukuthatha ikhabhoni. Ngoko oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kuthi ukuba sicinge ngendlela amahlathi, ihlathi, amathafa anengca eneneni anamandla ngayo okuhlutha ikharbon nokuyigcina, ukugcina ikharbon diokside kunye nezityalo ezikwaziyo ukuyifunxa ngephotosynthesis. Ke, uyazi, le nkonzo imangalisayo ebonelelwa yindalo. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba into abantu abaninzi abangayiqondiyo kukuba eneneni, ayisiyomithi kuphela, ikwayimihlaba yethu. Ziilwandle zehlabathi ezikwaziyo ukuhlutha isixa esikhulu sekharbon diokside. Ngapha koko, iilwandle bezimangalisa kakhulu ekubambeni ubushushu obugqithisileyo obuvela kwi-atmosfera kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo kangangokuba khange sikuqaphele nyani ukufudumala kweplanethi kuba ibisebenza kakhulu ekubanjeni obo bushushu bugqithileyo. Kwaye ngokunjalo, imihlaba, malunga nekota yazo zonke ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni nyaka ngamnye, zithinjwa yimihlaba. Ngoko oku kwakhona kugxininisa i ukubaluleka hayi nje imithi, kodwa zonke iintlobo zembonakalo-mhlaba kunye impilo yazo zonke ii-ikhosistim. Ke, uyazi, ukujonga zonke iintlobo zomhlaba kwaye ujonge umhlaba, amanzi, umoya, izityalo, zonke ezi zinto zibalulekile ngokweenkonzo ezisibonelela ngazo, kubandakanywa ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni.

[00:13:23] UJackie De Burca: Inqaku elikhawulezayo. Imihlaba ezele kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zezichumiso kunye neekhemikhali, uyazi, isebenza njani loo nto? Ngokuqinisekileyo oko kunciphisa amandla abo.

[00:13:32] Alexandra Steed Owu, iyenzeka. Kakhulu, ewe. Ndiyathetha, imihlaba iphathwe kakubi kwaye ngelishwa Ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini nangokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso nokwandisa ulimo. Ulimo lwemizi-mveliso lube nefuthe elikhulu kumhlaba wethu kwihlabathi liphela, uyazi.

Nje ukuba uqalise ukulungisa indawo yezolimo, into oyifumanayo kukuba amaxesha amaninzi ingamahlathi okanye amaplanga okanye ezinye iintlobo zemihlaba ecoliweyo. Ngoko ngequbuliso wenza ilizwe eliliqweqwe elihle nelikhulayo kulo. Ngequbuliso iludlolo. Ngoko uphulukene nalo lonke olo uzinzo. Kwaye ke ngumsebenzi wokuhlakula, intshayelelo, njengoko usitsho, yezichumisi, izibulali-zinambuzane. Zonke ezi zinto zitshintsha kakhulu ubume bomhlaba kwaye ziwenza ube sesichengeni kakhulu kukhukuliseko. Ke, umzekelo, nokuba, andazi ukuba uyasikhumbula na isitya sothuli e-United States esasiyintsomi, apho sasikhona, gosh, ndicinga ukuba kwakusekuqaleni, 19 amakhulu. Ndicinga ukuba yayilixesha lokuDodobala okuKhulu, eneneni. Kwaye oko bakufumana apho kwakungenxa yolu tshintsho oluphangaleleyo lwamadlelo kwimihlaba yokufama, ukuba babe nale mpembelelo yomhlaba ukhukuliswa ngumoya kwaye yabangela, uyazi, yakhokelela kwindlala kwaye yayibi kakhulu. Ke, uyazi, ezi ndidi zezinto, ngumzekelo nje omnye. Kodwa oko kuyenzeka kwihlabathi jikelele ngesantya esikhulu nangaphezulu njengoko amahlathi ethu amaninzi kunye namathafa eemithi kunye namadlelo engca atshintshelwa kwiziza zemveliso yezolimo. Ngoko ke loo mihlaba imbi kakhulu. Kwimeko eyoyikekayo, kwaye kufuneka ibe yindawo ephilayo kunye nebalulekileyo, uyazi, ezaliswe zizo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo, njengoko utshoyo. Kodwa into esiyifumanayo kukuba, uyazi, luhlobo lweendawo ezifileyo. Konke ukuzala kwabo kuyasuswa.

[00:15:42] UJackie De Burca: Kubuhlungu kakhulu.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwamanye amagorha, ndicinga ukuba, ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni. Ziziphi iisinki zekhabhoni kwabo bantu bangaziyo?

[00:15:53] Alexandra Steed Kunene. Kaloku, iisinki zekharbhon ziindawo ezikwaziyo ukuhluza isixa esikhulu sekharbon diokside emoyeni.

Ke xa sithetha ngeesinki zekhabhoni, ndicinga ukuba abantu bahlala bebhekisa kumahlathi, uyazi, amaxesha amaninzi yimithi abantu abathetha ngayo njenge-carbon sink. Ke banamandla amakhulu okutsala kwi-sequester kwaye emva koko bagcine ikhabhoni ngephotosynthesis kwaye kuya kufana. Ke kukho ezinye izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nendalo nezifunxayo ezibandakanya. Ke iindawo ezifana ne-tundra, zihlala zingaqwalaselwanga ngokwemigangatho yazo yokuba yi-carbon sink, kodwa ziyamangalisa ngaloo ndlela. Amadlelo engca yolwandle, amahlathi eengrove, imigxobhozo yetyuwa, zonke ezi ndawo, ezi, ezi zinto zaselwandle nazo, zinesakhono esimangalisayo ngolo hlobo. Amaxesha amaninzi ibizwa ngokuba yiblue carbon. Ke ikhabhoni ebanjwe yi-ecosystems yolwandle kwaye ezi ndawo zithatha ikhabhoni ngesantya esikhawulezayo kunamahlathi.

Ngoko ke sisakhono esimangalisayo.

Uyazi, iindawo ezinje ngodaka kunye namachweba ahlala efumaneka kwimimandla yethu engaselunxwemeni zibaluleke kakhulu. Ezi ndawo zotshintsho zinomthamo omkhulu wokubanjwa kwekhabhoni, kodwa ngaphezulu koko, ndiyathetha, zikwabonelela ngokutya, zibonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo kubomi beentaka kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasendle. Uyazi, zinyakazela nje ubomi, ezi ndawo. Ke abanalo nje le mpembelelo yokufuna ikhabhoni, kodwa banezinye ezininzi iziphumo ezimangalisayo ngokunjalo.

[00:17:48] UJackie De Burca: Kwaye ndicinga ukuba ndicinga malunga, ndithetha ukuba, ndizithanda ngokupheleleyo ezo ntlobo zeendawo, kodwa ndicinga njengomntu oqhelekileyo, owu, luhlobo lwendawo ecaphukisayo kuba ifana ne-boggy kwaye kunzima ukuhambahamba, uyazi, kuba sisenza nje. 'Yibone, ewe, ubuncinci ngokwesiko asizange siyibone njengezinto, lithini ixabiso le-ecological apha? Uyazi kwenzeka ntoni apha? Ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba kufana nento.

[00:18:10] Alexandra Steed Ewe, kwaye ndicinga ukuba lelona nqaku libalaseleyo kuba sinalo uninzi lwehlabathi, imizi abekwe ngaphakathi kwamachweba kwaye onke la machweba anezi ntlobo zemeko-bume, nokuba yimimango okanye ingca yolwandle okanye imigxobhozo.

Zonke ezi zitshatyalalisiwe, uyazi, kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Ewe, kwaye nakude kuguqulelwe kwiindawo zasezidolophini okanye iindawo zoshishino okanye iifama kuba nazo zenza umhlaba wokufama olungileyo. Zityebile kakhulu, kukho ukutya okuninzi kuloo mihlaba. Ke siphulukene neendawo ezinkulu, ezinkulu. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ummandla ebesiwusebenza kwimpuma yeLondon ebizwa ngokuba yi-Essex, yaye kuloo mmandla bebefudula benemigxobhozo engama-30,000. Ngoku kushiyeke iihektare ezingama-2500 kuphela. Kwaye uninzi lwaloo ndawo, njengoko usitsho, isetyenziswe njengendawo yokulahla inkunkuma, isetyenziswe njengezibuko, isetyenziselwe elinye ishishini. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba, njengoko usitsho, abantu khange bayixabisile, uyazi, uhlobo lwazo zonke, ishishini elimdaka ngakumbi, ungalibiza, latyhalelwa kwezo ndawo. Kwaye ke izaliswe yinkunkuma kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezinye izinto ezimanyumnyezi. Kwaye ngoku abantu baqala ukuqaphela, oh, eneneni, ayipheleli nje ekuphuculeni i-ecosystems, ukuhluza amanzi, uyazi, ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi ethu kwakhona simahla, basebenza njenge-cushion yokufunxa. Xa izaqhwithi zingena kwichweba lechweba, zivumela ukuphakama kolwandle ngokwemvelo, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuthomalalisa impembelelo yentshukumo yamaza. Ke ababoneleli kuphela ngohlobo lwezi nkonzo zesoftware, kodwa bakhusela iipropathi zethu kunye neshishini lethu kunye nazo zonke iziseko zethu. Ke eneneni banalo ixabiso elimangalisayo ekungekho mntu wayekhe waliqwalasela ngaphambili. Ngoku siqala ukuyibona, kwaye siqala ukubona iziphumo zokulahleka kwezo ndawo, ngokuqinisekileyo.

[00:20:21] UJackie De Burca: Ngoku, ndicinga ukuba yinto edandathekisayo, kodwa ngelishwa yinyani. Makhe siphonononge ukuwa kwe-ikholoji kunye nezinto ezibangela abantu. Alexandra.

[00:20:34] Alexandra Steed Ewe, ke, ndiyathetha, ukuwa kwendalo kunokuba kubaluleke ngakumbi kunokutshintsha kwemozulu. Yile nto ithethwa zizazinzulu ngoku. Kugxilwe kakhulu kutshintsho lwemozulu ngoku, ndicinga ukuba abantu bayaqala ukuqaphela ukuba ukuwa kwe-ecological kulapha kwaye kutyhalelwa kumda.

Kwaye abantu abaninzi bathi ngoku sikwindawo yesi-6 yokutshabalala kobunzima obukhulu emhlabeni, eyokugqibela yaba xa iidayinaso zatshatyalaliswa yi-asteroid eyabetha iplanethi. Ngoku, akukho nto ifana namazwe angaphandle okanye amandla angaphandle anjalo. Ngoku yimpembelelo yethu, yimpembelelo yomntu ebangela oku. Ke ngoko sibona ukuncipha kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukhukuliseko lweendawo zokuhlala, ukuphela kwezilwanyana zasendle. Yaye zonke ezi zinto zenzeka ngesantya esothusayo, ngokukhawuleza kunokuba abantu bebecinga. Kubekho ingxelo yakutsha nje yeqonga lomgaqo-nkqubo wenzululwazi phakathi koorhulumente malunga neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye neenkonzo ze-ikhosistim. Ngoko ke loo nto ingumlomo. Kodwa lo ngumbutho othembeke kakhulu.

Ibe malunga nezizwe ezili-140 ezihlangeneyo, zonke zizisa kwaye zabelana ngedatha yazo omnye nomnye malunga neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kumazwe azo. Kwaye ibonisa ukuba kwihlabathi jikelele. Yimeko emaxongo kuyo yonke indawo. Ezinye iindawo zimbi kakhulu kunezinye, kodwa yonke indawo iyabethwa. Kwaye ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezibangela abantu, ndithetha, njengoko benditshilo, uluntu sesona sisongelo esikhulu kwi-biodiversity ngoku, kodwa ezinye zezona zizathu ziphambili kukho utshintsho kusetyenziso lomhlaba nolwandle. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yindlela esiziguqula ngayo iimbonakalo-mhlaba zethu. Ke izinto ezifana nezolimo, ukwanda okukhulu kwezolimo, ukugawulwa kwemithi, imigodi, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, ushishino, zonke ezi zinto, kunye nohlobo lwenqanaba ezenzeka ngalo ngoku, ebeziguqula imbonakalo yomhlaba ukusuka kwindalo ephilayo ukuya koku ibangela ukonakala okukhulu. .

[00:22:53] UJackie De Burca: Makhe ndingenelele, kuba le nto abantu bayibiza ngokuba yinkqubela.

[00:22:57] Alexandra Steed Ewe, inqaku elihle. Ewe. Kwaye kaninzi ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo enokuba nayo. Ewe, ewe, inqaku elihle kakhulu. Kwaye ke, kunjalo, kukho ezinye izinto ezifana neentlobo phezu kokuxhatshazwa. Ke oko kuya kubandakanya izinto ezinje ngokuloba kwezorhwebo, okwenzeka kwihlabathi liphela kulwandle lwethu, kwaye kungalawulwa ngokwenene. Uyazi, iyamangalisa indlela ukuloba kunye neminye imisebenzi elwandle engalawulwa ngokupheleleyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezihlaselayo kunye nezifo. Le ikwayingxaki enkulu ngenxa yendlela esihamba ngayo ngoku ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye, kwaye sihlala sizisa izifo ezitsha kunye nezitshabalalisi xa sikhona. Xa sihamba ngolo hlobo. Ngoko baphazamisa kakhulu. Ngco liseko, izinto ezifana nokuchithwa kweoli, i-microplastics, zonke ezi zinomphumo owonakalisayo. Kwaye ke, kunjalo, utshintsho lwemozulu kuloo nto. Ngoko ke oko kuchaphazela i-biodiversity, kuba iqala ukutshintsha.

Itshintsha imozulu kunye nemozulu, kwaye iqala ukutshintsha amaxesha onyaka xa isenzeka. Inefuthe ekufudukeni nasekuzaleni kwezinye izilwanyana zasendle. Ke kukho zonke ezi ziphumo zisezantsi umntu anokungazithatheli ngqalelo kwasekuqaleni, kodwa notshintsho lwemozulu lunefuthe elikhulu ekuwohlokeni kwendalo, ngoko ke zonke ziyanxulumana. Nantoni na eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kokusingqongileyo iya kuba neziphumo ezibuhlungu.

[00:24:33] UJackie De Burca: Yonke into idityaniswe kulandelelwano olunengqiqo lwencwadi yakho. Alexander, ngubani uJohann Rockstrom?

[00:24:42] Alexandra Steed Kunene, ke, uJohann Rockstrom ngumlawuli wangaphambili we Stockholm Iziko lokuqina. Kwaye ke eli liziko elijonge ukuphonononga ukuba yintoni imida yeplanethi ngokwendawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza eluntwini.

Ke apho kwiziko lokuqina, uJohann Rockstrom wadibanisa iqela leenzululwazi ezingama-28 isifundo kunye ukuba ingaba le ndawo ikhuselekileyo yokusebenza kuluntu iya kuba yintoni. Kwaye babekhangela imida yeplanethi engaxoxisiyo. Ke zonke kwiimbono zabo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo yobuchwephesha, into abayifumeneyo kukuba kukho imida yeplanethi elithoba. Bachonge imida yeplanethi elithoba, kwaye ndiza kuyifunda ngoku. Ngoko ke, inani lokuqala, utshintsho lwemozulu. Okwesibini, ingqibelelo yezinto eziphilayo. Isithathu, ukuhamba kwenitrogen kunye nephosphorus. Okwesine, ukuncipha kwe-ozone yestratospheric. Isihlanu, i-asidi yolwandle. Isithandathu, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. Isixhenxe, utshintsho lwenkqubo yomhlaba, njengoko besithetha nje, ezisibhozo, amaqumrhu eenoveli kunye nongcoliseko lweekhemikhali, kwaye ezilithoba kukulayishwa kwe-aerosol ye-atmospheric. Ngoko ke banedayagram enika umdla ngokwenene. Kuya kufuneka uyijonge kwiziko le-Stockholm Resilience website. Ndingacebisa ukuba nakubani na, kuba banayo kumzobo omhle obonisa ingqukuva enendawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo eluntwini, kwaye ke ibonise apho sikuyo ngoku phakathi kwezi ndidi zisithoba. Kwaye ngelishwa, into esiyibonayo kukuba sele siyigqithile imida yoninzi lwezo ndidi.

Ke izinto ezifana nengqibelelo ye-biosphere, njengoko beyibiza njalo, oko kuya kuba yintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ewe, sele siyigqithile loo mida. Kwaye into abayifumeneyo kukuba awunakuthathela ingqalelo nganye kwezi ndidi uwedwa. Xa umntu edlula imida yayo, kuba nemiphumo kwezinye iindawo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba umhlaba uluhlobo lwenkqubo enye yokuphila kwaye yonke into idibene, ngokuqinisekileyo oku kuya kuba njalo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ndingatsho ukuba nganye kwezi ineziphumo ze-cascading. Kwaye omnye umzekelo endicinga ukuba abantu abaninzi bayawazi ngoku kukulahleka komkhenkce wolwandle oluncanyana.

Ukuba sijonga imiphumo ye-cascading yaloo mzekelo mnye, sinokubona ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lubangela ukulahleka kweqhwa le-polar yolwandle, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamanqanaba olwandle, ukukhukuliseka konxweme, ukulahleka kweendawo zokuhlala, ukuhla kwezilwanyana zasendle ze-arctic, iintlanzi ezisezantsi kunye nokunye. iziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu kunye nokunyibilika kwe-permafrost. Ngoku, ezo zezinye zeziphumo, kodwa unokubona ukuba yonke into idityaniswe njani ngulo mzekelo mnye.

Bayazi nokuba utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nengqibelelo ye-biosphere mhlawumbi zezona zalathisi zibalulekileyo, kwaye sele siyigqithile loo mida. Ke, uyazi, izinto ziyakhawuleza. Yaye into abayilumkisayo kukuba kusenokubakho inqanaba apho izinto zisenokungabi nakuguqulwa yaye oko kunokubangela imiphumo eyintlekele ngequbuliso. Ke, uyazi, izinto zinokubonakala ngathi zilungile kwaye ziphakathi ngoku, nangona siye sagqitha loo mida. Kodwa ngequbuliso into inokubetha kwaye yonke into inokutshintsha. Ke libali elilumkileyo, ngenene, ukuba ngoku sikula maxesha, kwaye kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo ngoku ukuzisa utshintsho phambi kokuba kube kudala kakhulu.

[00:29:00] UJackie De Burca: Kuyoyikeka, ngokucacileyo, ukuthetha kancinci. Ngoku, ndiqikelela abantu abaninzi abangeyonto, uyazi, abaqeqeshelwe okuthile. Kwiintlobo ezithile ngekhe beve ngezo zinto, kodwa abantu abaninzi baya kuyazi i-UN's 17. Uphuhliso oluphathekayo usukelo. Kwaye xa ucinga ngako, kufana nje nokuba malunga neshumi leminyaka okanye ngaphezulu komsebenzi owenziweyo kwezi. Kodwa siphi na kunye nezi zinjalo?

[00:29:25] Alexandra Steed Ewe, kulungile, ndiyacinga. Ndicinga ukuba ezo zabekwa endaweni ngo-2019. Kwaye ke eneneni, uyazi, yayinzelwe ukuba ibezi sdgs. Kwakukho i-push enkulu yokuba oku kuya kufezekiswa ngo-2030. Ngoko ke kwabizwa ngokuba yiminyaka elishumi eyenziwa yi-UN kwiinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Kwaye bayibiza ngokuba yiminyaka elishumi yokusebenza. Ukwazi ezi zinto, njengomzekelo, ukwazi malunga nemida yeplanethi kunye nalapho sasihlala khona siyazi ukuba kufuneka senze inguqu, uyazi, utshintsho oluguquguqukayo ngoku. Kodwa kwanangaphambi kokuba i-COVID ii-sdgs zazilandela ngasemva kweshedyuli, uyazi, ngokwemigaqo yamazwe aphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nomthetho onokuthi uzise ezi njongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Kwaye ke nangaphambi kokuba i-COVID ibuyele ngasemva. Ngexesha le-COVID kuye kwaba kubi kakhulu. Ke ngoku sisemva kakhulu kwishedyuli, ngenene. Ngoko ayikhangeleki kakuhle kakhulu.

Ayikhangeleki kakuhle kakhulu. Kodwa into esiyaziyo kukuba oku kunokwenzeka. Uyazi, eli inokuba lixesha lenguquko-nguquko ukuba siyakwazi ukuphumeza ezi njongo zozinzo. Ukuba akunjalo, inokuba lixesha elibuhlungu kakhulu.

Ngoko ke mhlawumbi lelinye lawona maxesha abalulekileyo esakha sawabona kwimbali yoluntu kunye nokhetho esijongene nalo ngoku.

[00:30:56] UJackie De Burca: Ke, ewe, oko kusikhokelela kubuhle kakhulu, Alexandra, kuwe uchaza ubume benkcubeko obhekisa kuyo kwincwadi yakho.

[00:31:07] Alexandra Steed Ewe, ke, ngoko imeko yenkcubeko. Ndibhale eli candelo lencwadi ukusinceda ukuba siqonde kwaye nokuba ndizincede ndiqonde ukuba sifike njani kweli nqanaba. Uyazi, njani. Sifike njani kwindawo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuwohloka kwendalo, ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza okungaka? Ke, uyazi, izinto zisanda kutshintsha kakhulu kule minyaka ingama-50 ukuya kuma-70 edlulileyo, ukusukela ngo-1950, ibinkulu kakhulu, ukunyuka kunye nokukhawuleziswa kwazo zonke ezi nguquko zokusingqongileyo. Ngoko, kunjalo, ndicinga ukuba yi-a. Umbuzo ontsokothileyo kwincwadi yam, ndimane ndikroba nje umphezulu wendlela esifike ngayo kweli nqanaba. Kodwa ndingatsho ukuba, uyazi, isizukulwana sethu sizuze ihlabathi elinobudlelwane obungasebenziyo kwindalo. Uyazi, ndicinga ukuba sazalelwa kuloo nto. Kwaye lulwalamano oluphawulwa kulawulo, ngokuxhaphaza, ukuzigwagwisa, nokungazi. Kwangaxeshanye, kuzo zonke ezinye iintlobo zobomi naphakathi koluntu, kukho umahluko omkhulu nokungalingani nokungalingani.

[00:32:26] UJackie De Burca: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ewe.

[00:32:28] Alexandra Steed Ngoko impembelelo yomntu inamandla kwaye ibanzi kangangokuba ngoku siye sadala ixesha elilandelayo le-anthropocene. Uyazi, ngoko. Ngoko kwiminyaka edluleyo, besiza kuba njalo. Kwaye amanye amaxesha ejoloji. Yayingamandla amakhulu endalo azisa ixesha elitsha. Ngoku sijonga umsebenzi womntu njengala mandla. Ngamandla abaluleke kakhulu kwaye anempembelelo kwiplanethi ukuba ngoku singene kwixesha elitsha. Kwaye i-anthropocene eneneni ithetha iminyaka yamva nje yomntu. Ngoko ndicinga ukuba kulungile. Unomdla kakhulu. Kwaye ke, eneneni, ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950s, njengoko bendisitsho, kukho oku kunyuka okubonakalayo nokungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kwimpembelelo yomntu kwindalo esingqongileyo ebonakaliswe zizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngenani labemi behlabathi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukukhutshwa kwegesi, ilahleko yendalo, zonke ezi zinto zisibonisa ukunyuka okufanayo. Ke ukuba ujonge kubo kwigrafu ukusuka ku-1950 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bonke banokunyuka okufanayo ukusuka malunga no-1950. Kwaye ngaphambi ko-1950, izinto bezilungile. Uyazi, besimane sixhumela nje. Kwaye ngequbuliso ngo-1950, impembelelo yethu, uyazi, inje. Bayibiza ngokuba yi-hockey stick curve, kwaye ihlala ikhawuleza.

Ke yile nto sijongene nayo, kwaye yiyo loo nto kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwiminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-70 edlulileyo.

[00:34:22] UJackie De Burca: Ndicinga ukuba, ewe, oko ngokucacileyo kufana nexesha elikhulu lotshintsho, kodwa sifike njani kule ndawo yomntu ngokuchasene nendalo, uyazi? Kwaye kuthetha ntoni, ucinga?

[00:34:34] Alexandra Steed Yhe Kulungile.

Ewe, ndicinga ukuba le ibiyingcamango ebisoloko inathi iminyaka. Uyazi, xa ndandiphanda le ncwadi, ndafumana iingcamango ezininzi kwifilosofi, kwinkolo, kwihlabathi lenzululwazi elihlala libonisa le ngcamango yokulawula komntu kwindalo. Ke ndinezicatshulwa ezimbalwa apha ezinomdla kakhulu. Ngoko, umzekelo, uAristotle wabhala, indalo yenze zonke izinto ngokukhethekileyo ngenxa yomntu. Ke ngoko ixabiso lezinto ezingezozamntu lisixhobo nje, uyazi, okanye uDescartes uthi, iinkosi kunye nabanini bendalo. Yiloo ndlela abhekisela ngayo ebantwini. Okanye uBacon wathi, uhlanga loluntu malubuyise elo lungelo phezu kwendalo eyeyalo ngokwesiyalo sobuthixo.

[00:35:34] UJackie De Burca: Ewe, zonke zizicaphulo ezivela kwincwadi yakho. Ndaba njalo. Inene bendisoyika ubhuti wakhe xa ndizifunda. Thixo wam, uyazi, la magama makhulu. Ewe kunjalo. Kwaye loo nto yendele kuthi ngokupheleleyo.

[00:35:49] Alexandra Steed Ngokuchanekileyo. Uyazi, unempembelelo kuzo zonke ezo ngcinga, zonke ezo ngcinga, emva koko ube nazo. Zikhokele iingcinga zethu zenzululwazi, intanda-bulumko, iintanda-bulumko zethu, iinkolo zethu. Uyazi, zonke ezi ngcamango zimiliselwe ngokupheleleyo. Ke, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, sizalelwe kolu kungasebenzi. Ewe, endikholelwa ukuba kukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukuba asiyonxalenye yendalo kodwa sahlukile kuyo. Kwaye asisahlukani nje, kodwa sikholelwa ekubeni asahlukanga kwaye asahlukanga kwaye sahlukene, kodwa siyalingana, kodwa sahlukene kwaye songamele kwaye singcono, kwaye siphezulu ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into. Ke loo nto imiliselwe kuthi, kuyo yonke inkqubo esinayo kuqoqosho lwethu, uyazi, kweyethu. Kuyo yonke into, uyazi. Kwaye izolo, okanye kwesinye isiqendu sethu, kwisiqendu sokuqala, besithetha ngendlela iinqobo zokuziphatha zethu ezinganwebeli nasemhlabeni. Ngoko sithetha kuphela ngokuziphatha ngokumalunga nobudlelwane nabanye abantu. Kodwa ngenxa yolu luvo lokongamela indalo, khange sicinge nokuba kufanelekile ukuba nalo naluphi na uhlobo lwendlela yokuziphatha malunga nendlela esinxulumana ngayo nendalo. Ke, uyazi, ndingathi kukho ezinye imibutho, kukho ezinye iinkolo kunye nefilosofi kwihlabathi liphela nakwiminyaka yonke ebenezinye iimbono, oku ibingelokuphela kwembono yabantu ngokuchasene nendalo. Ke, umzekelo, ingqikelelo yentanda-bulumko yaseTshayina ye-yin kunye ne-yang, ebonisa kakhulu uhlobo lomnyama nomhlophe, kodwa indlela ezinxibelelana ngayo, imikhosi echasayo efunana enye kwaye luhlobo kuphela lokuxhoma kunye xa lubonwa. kubunye.

Kwaye ke olo luhlobo lwentetho, ndiyacinga, ukuba ngoku kufuneka sisebenze ekuqondeni oko.

Ukuqonda ukuba abantu kunye nendalo, ngelixa kunokubakho umahluko phakathi kwethu, uyazi, kuhlala kukho ukuqondwa njengeyakho. Njengawe njengomntu, kodwa nawe njengenxalenye enkulu kakhulu. Kwaye ke ezo zinto zimbini kufuneka zihlale zigcinwe engqondweni.

[00:38:15] UJackie De Burca: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Kwaye ndicinga ngabantu bomthonyama baseMelika, ndiyazi ukuba luhlobo oluthile lwengxelo. Ngokucacileyo kukho izizwe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zibhekisa kutata wesibhakabhaka kunye nomama woMhlaba. Uyazi, ibaluleke kakhulu, akunjalo?

[00:38:27] Alexandra Steed Ngokuchanekileyo, ewe. Ke, uyazi, sinokujonga kwabaninzi zomthonyama abantu kwihlabathi jikelele. Zininzi ezinye iindlela zokujonga ihlabathi. Kodwa kwingcinga yefilosofi yasentshona, ngokuqinisekileyo sikhokelwe. Ngendlela eyombini kakhulu.

[00:38:43] UJackie De Burca: Ngokuqinisekileyo, ndicinga ukuba sibaluleke ngokwenene kwaye songamile ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izidalwa ezisemhlabeni, kodwa ukucinga ngayo, kwaye incwadi yakho ibalaselisa le nto ngokugqibeleleyo, sasikwinqanaba elithile ngokwenene siluhlobo olungabalulekanga, besingenjalo?

[00:38:58] Alexandra Steed Ewe, kunjalo. Uyazi, ke, ndithetha ukuba, ukuba ucinga ngobomi beplanethi enguMhlaba, kwaye ndifunde ndaweni ithile, uyazi, ukuba ubuyithathela ingqalelo njengewotshi yeeyure ezilishumi elinambini, abantu bavela kuphela kwimizuzwana embalwa yokugqibela. Ngoko nangokwembali yeplanethi, asibalulekanga kakhulu. Siluhlobo nje blip ekupheleni. Yaye uyazi, kwinkoliso yembali yoluntu, abantu babengabalulekanga. Ayefana nqwa nayo nayiphi na enye into ephilayo emhlabeni, enomzila weenyawo olula kakhulu.

Kwaye ndicinga ukuba yayinguCarl Jung owathi umntu wamandulo akazange azibone njengenkosi yendalo kwaye eneneni ulwahlulo lwezilwanyana lwaphela kwindlovu, hayi nomntu kuhlobo lwabo lweschema sehlabathi. Ke, uyazi, kutsha nje ukuba sibe nale mbono kwaye sibe nale ndima yokuba luhlobo lobomi obulawulayo kwiplanethi.

Ke, uyazi, ndingatsho ukuba ukuthathela ingqalelo utshintsho lwemozulu kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu, kuba kungenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezizinzileyo nangenxa yemozulu entle. iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo kunye ne-ecosystems ezisingqongileyo ezivumele inkqubela nophuhliso lwabantu kule minyaka yakutshanje. Ke xa ndisithi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ndithetha ngohlobo olunje nge-12,000. Ngoko kulapho i-Holocene epic yavela kwaye le nto yazisa imozulu ezinzileyo, ephakathi, kwaye yavumela ukuba inguqu yezolimo yenzeke. Ke kunokuba, uyazi, uhlala usendleleni kwaye kufuneka uqhelane. Kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kunye neenkqubo zemozulu, ngoku uluntu lunokuhlala luhleli kwaye luqale ukusebenza umhlaba. Kwaye oko kwakunokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yamaxesha onyaka kunye nemozulu ezinzileyo.

Ke yonke loo nkqubela siyibonayo, uyazi, ukuba into esiyibonileyo nabantu ngoku iba luhlobo lwenkosi yendalo, njengoko.

Njengoko iBacon, ndicinga ukuba, oko kwenzeke ngenxa yezi meko zemozulu zimangalisayo kunye nobutyebi bezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo ezisingqongileyo.

[00:41:48] UJackie De Burca: Iyamangalisa ukuba ucinga ngayo, akunjalo?

[00:41:50] Alexandra Steed Ewe, ewe, kanye.

[00:41:54] UJackie De Burca: Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili kwinxalenye elandelayo yencwadi yakho, ithini ithiyori yenkuthazo kaMaslow?

[00:42:03] Alexandra Steed Kunene. Ewe, ndiyikhankanye ithiyori kaMaslow yenkuthazo kuba, kunjalo, nje. Ukubuyela nje kuluvo besithetha ngalo, ukuqhubela phambili komntu kunye noluntu lunokwenzeka kuphela xa iimfuno ezisisiseko zomzimba kunye nokhuseleko zihlangatyezwa. Ke xa bendiphanda ngembali yoluntu, ukuba indenze ndacinga ngethiyori kaMaslow yenkuthazo, kuba ndacinga, oh, ewe, ke, oku, uyazi, ndicinga ukuba uthetha ngayo ngakumbi kwinqanaba lomntu, kodwa ndabona ngoko ukuba oko kudityaniswa njani noluntu kwinqanaba elikhulu kakhulu. Kwaye ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezizinzileyo kunye nobutyebi bezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo ezihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zoluntu, zabonelela ngemekobume ekhuselekileyo. Kwaye thina, uyazi, sikwazile ukufikelela ekutyeni nakumanzi amatsha ngokulula. Siyakwazi, uyazi, ukuba nekhusi lokusikhusela. Kwaye zakuba zenziwe ezo zinto, zakuba zifezekiswe ezo mfuno, ngoko umntu okanye uluntu luyakwazi ukuqhubela phambili naloo nto njengesiseko. Uyazi, ukuba uhlala uzibuza, owu, ndiza kukufumana phi isidlo sam esilandelayo? Okanye ukuba zonke iinzame ozenzayo zokuphuhlisa into ethintelweyo kwaye yonakaliswe sisaqhwithi, okanye, uyazi, onke la mandla endalo njengoko kwenzekile kumawaka eminyaka ngaphambili, ngokuqinisekileyo, awunakukwazi ukuqhubela phambili. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba sizonwabele ezi meko zimangalisayo nezizinzileyo, ivumele uluntu ukuba luqhubele phambili ludlulele kwindalo. Yiyo loo nto ke ndanyusa loo thiyori yenkuthazo, ukubonisa ukuba kungenxa yeli xesha leHolocene elimangalisayo eliye lavumela ukuba kwenzeke, oko kuvunyelwe ukuqhubela phambili komntu. Kwaye eneneni, izazinzulu ziye zaqikelela ukuba eli xesha leHolocene ngelaliqhubekile malunga nenye iminyaka engama-50,000. Lolo luqikelelo ebeya kuba luqhubekile nje ixesha elide.

Kodwa ngenxa yempembelelo yomntu, oko ngoku kuya esiphelweni, kwaye siyaqala ukubona inguqu ngoku.

[00:44:23] UJackie De Burca: Kwaye ngaphakathi kweempembelelo zomntu, ukubuyela kwinto ethile, ukuthabatha into oyithethileyo ngaphambili, oko kukuthi, uyazi, ukongama, nangaphakathi kuluntu loluntu ngokwalo, ngokucacileyo eyahlukileyo, uyazi, kuzo zonke iintlobo zezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Iyafana nethiyori yenkuthazo, kuba ungaba ngowahlukileyo, ndingangohlukanga, kwaye ndiyazi uninzi lwabanye abantu abakhoyo, kodwa uninzi lwabantu lusulungekile, lunqabile ukuba lungene kuluntu esiludalileyo. , ukuba bayaphumelela. Kwaye lo nto ithetha ukuba abaphuhlisi njengabantu ngokwabo, kuba kufuneka bavuke ekuseni baye emsebenzini abawucaphukelayo ukuze babuyisele ekhaya imali yokuphila kolu luntu ngoku.

[00:45:05] Alexandra Steed Ewe, kunjalo, yinyaniso. Ndiyathetha, kwaye. Kwaye ukungalingani kwiplanethi kuyakhula.

Kutshanje, sibone umahluko omkhulu, ngakumbi emva kwe-Covid, edale ukungalingani okugqithisileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngoku sinale meko apho i-1% kuphela ngoku ilawula umhlaba ongaka kunye nobutyebi, kwaye abanye abantu bancinci kakhulu. Uyazi, uninzi. Uninzi lwabemi behlabathi abanakho ukufikelela kumhlaba wabo okanye amandla okulima ukutya kunye nolo hlobo lwento. Ke siphila kwihlabathi ngoku elinokungalingani okugqithisileyo nokungalingani.

[00:45:52] UJackie De Burca: Esizisa ukuba sixoxe ngemodeli yedonathi kaKate Raworth, endiyaziyo ukuba idume kakhulu. Kodwa, ewe, uyifakile kwincwadi yakho, ke yiba mhle ukuba uyithathele kuyo.

[00:46:03] Alexandra Steed Ewe, kulungile, ndicinga ukuba ijinga kakuhle kwimida yeplanethi kuba, ewe, isazi ngezoqoqosho uKate Rayworth, esithetha ngaye, udibanise loo mida yeplanethi kwimodeli entsha yezoqoqosho. Ke uyingcali yezoqoqosho yaseBritane, kwaye ndicinga ukuba wayekhathazekile yile nto wayeyibona kwilizwe lezoqoqosho kangangokuba yayigxile kakhulu, uyazi, ukulungiswa okuthe gqolo kwi-GDP oku kuphela kwesalathisi sempumelelo njengesizwe. Kwaye, uyazi, yi-lens nje ebuthuntu, emxinwa ukuba ujonge kuyo xa ucinga ngobutyebi bobomi. Ngoko wayefuna indlela ezinzileyo ngakumbi, efana noJohann Rockstrom, ndicinga ukuba wayejonge imodeli yakhe yezoqoqosho ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo bonke abantu ngelixa ehlonipha umda weplanethi.

Ngoko ke udibanise iinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo ze-UN kunye nezalathi kwaye wandlala ezo zikwizangqa ezinemida yeplanethi. Ngoko kuthiwa. Ibizwa ngokuba yimodeli ye-donut yezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuba inala makhonkco mabini, kwaye ke phakathi kwezangqa zimbini yile ndawo ikhuselekileyo kwaye iyindawo nje yokuba uluntu luhlale ngaphakathi.

Ngoko kubonisa, ndicinga ukuba ubutyebi balo mzekelo bubonisa ukuba ukuchuma kwabantu kunye impilo yendalo hambani nibambene. Abanakuqwalaselwa ngokwenene bebodwa. Lonke uqoqosho lwethu, onke amacandelo ethu oqoqosho ngokwenene asekelwe kwindalo nangaphezulu Uvimba wendalo. Ke amanzi acocekileyo, imigodi, ukuloba, zonke ezi zinto, amaplanga, ukugawulwa kwemithi, zonke zisekelwe kwimithombo yendalo. Kwaye ke ukuyiqwalasela ngaphandle kokuqwalasela indalo kuyaphambana. Uyazi, bubudenge ngokwenene.

[00:48:16] UJackie De Burca: Yi. Yi. Ngoko, ewe. Yintoni idemokhrasi yomhlaba?

[00:48:22] Alexandra Steed Ewe, ngumbono endicinga ukuba unxibelelene kakhulu nezinye zezi. Ke idemokhrasi yoMhlaba ngumbono owabekwa phambili. Uluhlobo lwenkwenkwezi yerock yokusingqongileyo, ndingatsho, kodwa kunye nentanda-bulumko, umbhali. Ungumfazi omangalisayo ogama linguVandana Shiva. Kwaye ke ungumfundi waseIndiya owaqulunqa igama elithi idemokhrasi yomhlaba ukuchaza ingqikelelo yosapho lwasemhlabeni.

Kwaye ke iyafana, ndingathi, kwingqikelelo ka-Aldo Leopold yendlela yokuziphatha yomhlaba apho zonke izidalwa zithathelwa ingqalelo kwaye zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zinamalungelo alinganayo okutya ngezipho zomhlaba. Ke ulwela amalungelo abo bonke abantu abaphilayo, ukuba sonke singabemi bomhlaba kwaye uqoqosho, okusingqongileyo kunye nabantu kufuneka bathathelwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo.

Ngoko, ngokwenene, kuzo zombini iincwadi, kwincwadi kaKate Raworth nakwenye yeencwadi endazifunda nguVandana Shiva, bobabini babethetha ngazo.

Malunga ne-etymology yegama elithi economics and ecology, eneneni banayo. Ewe, bobabini ba-eco, akunjalo? Ngoko ke isuka kwi-oikos yesiGrike, ethetha ikhaya.

Kwaye kunjalo nje, inika umdla indlela iziqalo zabo ezazihambelana ngayo. Uyazi, baphuma kwingcambu enye. Kule mihla, asicingi kangako ngabo. Asicingi ngohlobo lwe-ecology kudidi olufanayo noqoqosho, kodwa zixhomekeke kwezinye kwaye zinxibelelene. Kwaye ke ukucinga ngayo, uyazi, loo mbono wekhaya ukuba sikhathalela eli khaya kwaye zonke izinto eziphilayo zingabemi kulo mhlaba kwaye zonke zifuna ukukhathalelwa kunye nokukhuliswa.

[00:50:35] UJackie De Burca: Imnandi. Ngoku, sibe nencoko eqaqambileyo kwesi siqendu, ke siza kusigqiba kuba silandela ngokusengqiqweni isicwangciso sencwadi yakho. Ke siya kukhumbuza abantu ukuba esi sisiqendu sesibini kuphela kolu ngcelele, kwaye ke nceda umamele esokuqala kunye nezinye emva koko. Kwaye siza kugqibezela ukuba yeyiphi eyona ndawo ibalaseleyo.

[00:50:59] Alexandra Steed Kulungile, ke, mna, ndiligqibile eli candelo lencwadi, ndingathanda ukulibiza ngokuba luhlobo lwenqumamo nje ukucinga, ubungangamsha beli hlabathi sihlala kulo. Uyazi, sinethamsanqa lokuba lapha sihlala kulo mhlaba. Yeyona ndawo yodwa yobomi eyaziwayo, uyazi, ngaphakathi kwethu yelanga inkqubo okanye umnyele okanye indalo iphela. Asazi nakweyiphi na enye indawo enokuxhasa uluntu okanye ubomi ngokubanzi, kwaye silapha. Kwaye, uyazi, lo mhlaba ugubungela umhlaba ubizwa ngokuba yi-biosphere xa ithathwa njengenye ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye loo biosphere yenziwe ngazo zonke iindawo zobomi, zonke iindawo ezaziwayo zobomi. Ke ibandakanya amanzi, umhlaba, umoya, kodwa imalunga ne-20 km ubunzulu kuphela. Kwaye xa ucinga ukuba, uyazi, icandelo lomnqamlezo, ukuba ubunokucanda iglowubhu, limalunga ne-12,000, kulapho bonke ubomi bukhona, hayi nje apha, kodwa naphi na kwindalo iphela. Iyamangalisa kakhulu. Kwaye ikwenza uqonde ukuba usengozini kangakanani, ixabiseke kangakanani na i-biosphere kunye nendlela nganye yembonakalo-mhlaba eyenza loo biosphere ixabisekileyo, zonke zibalulekile kwaye zonke zidityanisiwe. Ndiyathanda ukucinga ngayo njenge tapestry.

Kwaye, uyazi, indlela nganye kwezi ndawo zintle kangaka inendima yayo eyidlalayo kunye nendima yayo ebaluleke kakhulu kwimfezeko yayo yonke. Ngoko ke njengetapestry, uyazi, yonke i-tapestry ijinga kunye, kodwa ukuba ucinga ukuba umsonto omnye utsaliwe kuloo tapestry, ingaqala ukuyivula yonke into. Kwaye ndiyacinga ukuba, ngumzekeliso omhle lowo ukucinga ngomhlaba. Kufuneka sikhusele kwaye sikhathalele ngamnye kwimisonto, nganye kwimihlaba yethu, kuba ibalulekile kwimfezeko yayo yonke. Ke naphi na apho ukhoyo, uyazi, naphi na apho uhlala khona, loo mhlaba ubalulekile kwaye ufuna ukhathalelo lwakho.

[00:53:25] UJackie De Burca: Yinto entle kakhulu leyo, kwaye yindlela ebalaseleyo yokuphelisa esi siqendu sithile. Yingcinga enkulu yokuthatha kubo bonke abantu abamameleyo okanye ababukeleyo ukuba bahambe nabo kwaye bacamngce nje. Kwaye ngethemba lokuba xa bedibana nomhlaba wabo, iya kubuyela ezingqondweni zabo kwaye ibakhuthaze ukuba benze into elungileyo.

[00:53:48] Alexandra Steed Kulungile, kube luvuyo ukuthetha nawe. Nawe wawuyithanda ngokupheleleyo.

[00:53:54] UJackie De Burca: Ngokwenene, uyazi, inomdla. Isiqendu ngasinye, ndicinga ukuba, sisiya singena nzulu ngakumbi kwimiba ojongana nayo kwincwadi yakho. Kwaye, uyazi, yiva nje ngolo hlobo ngokuyiphonononga ngale ndlela. Baninzi, ewe. Mininzi kakhulu imisonto eyahluka-hlukileyo ukuya phezulu, kwi-tapestry ezayo. Ewe.

Ngoko enkosi kakhulu.

[00:54:17] Alexandra Steed Enkosi, Jackie.