Uxinaniso lwenziwe ngokuLungileyo: Yintoni enokuthi iVancouver ifundise ezinye iidolophu ngokuPhila ezidolophini

As imizi kwihlabathi liphela lijongene nemiceli mngeni yokukhula kwedolophu kunye neempembelelo zayo eziyingozi, Vancouver iye yavela njengomzekelo wehlabathi wokuphumelela uphuhliso loxinaniso oluphezulu. Esi sixeko siselunxwemeni saseKhanada sibonakalise ukuba kuyenzeka ukuphinda-phinda ukuxinana kwedolophu ngelixa ugcina isimilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi obuxatyiswa ngabahlali.¹.

Indawo yedolophu yaseVancouver izidla ngokuphindwe kabini ukuxinana kwabantu ngekhilomitha yesikwere xa kuthelekiswa neAuckland, Nyu Zilend¹. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960, isixeko siphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza umanyano kunye notyalo-mali kwakhona kwisiXeko esikhoyo phezu kokwanda kwedolophu. Oku buchule indlela yokwenza yenze ukuba iVancouver ibe ngumzekelo oqaqambileyo wendlela yokufikelela 'uxinzelelo olwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo'.

Inyathelo lesiXeko le-EcoDensity Initiative kunye nokuzibophelela ekubeni sesona sixeko siluhlaza emhlabeni ngo-2020 sibonisa ukuzinikela okungagungqiyo kweVancouver ekuzinzeni. uphuhliso lwedolophu¹. Le ndlela ebanzi yoku ucwangciso lwedolophu iye yafumana ingqwalasela yehlabathi, njengoko izixeko kwihlabathi jikelele zifuna ukulinganisa impumelelo yeVancouver ekulawuleni ingxinano nokudala uluntu oludlamkileyo, oluphilekayo.

• IVancouver iye yaphinda kabini ingxinano yasezidolophini ngelixa igcina ubume besixeko kunye nomgangatho wobomi.
• Imigaqo-nkqubo yesicwangciso-qhinga sesi sixeko ekhetha ukumanyaniswa kunye notyalo-mali kwakhona kwesi sixeko sikhoyo ibe ngundoqo kwimpumelelo yaso.
• I-Vancouver's EcoDensity Initiative kunye nenjongo yayo yokuba sesona sixeko siluhlaza emhlabeni ngo-2020 ibonisa ukuzinikela kwayo ekuzinzeni. uphuhliso lwedolophu.
• Ezinye izixeko zifuna ngenkuthalo ukufunda kwindlela yeVancouver yoku uphuhliso loxinaniso oluphezulu kunye nolawulo lokuxinana.
• IVancouver isebenza njengemodeli yehlabathi yempumelelo, ingxinano ephilayo izixeko zehlabathi ezinqwenela ukuyixelisa.

IVancouver, idolophu ephithizelayo yoNxweme oluseNtshona Khanada, kudala ithathwa njengomzekelo wehlabathi jikelele wokuphila, ukuxinana okuphezulu uphuhliso lwedolophu². Ummandla ombaxa wesixeko ulikhaya kubahlali abamalunga nezigidi ezi-2.5², kunye nendawo engummelwane yaseSurrey elindeleke ukuba idlule inani labantu baseVancouver malunga nama-600,000 kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.². Esi sixeko sidlamkileyo, esahlukileyo samkele indlela eyodwa yocwangciso lwedolophu ebeka phambili ukuhambahamba, luhlaza izithuba, kunye nohambo olujoliswe kuyo uyilo.

Embindini weVancouver uyilo lweedolophini Ifilosofi ngumbono wokudala iindawo ezixineneyo, ezixubeneyo ezibeka phambili iimfuno zabahlali³. Isicwangciso seVancouver yesixeko sigxininisa ukongeza iinketho ezininzi zezindlu kunye nokwandisa ukuxinana kwezindlu kwisixeko sonke³, kugxilwe ekukhuseleni indawo engasemanzini yesixeko kunye nokuxhasa uthutho oluzinzileyo kunye izakhiwo eziluhlaza³. Le ndlela yokudibanisa ngokubanzi iguqule iVancouver ibe yimodeli yokuphila, ukuxinana okuphezulu ukuhlala ezidolophini.

impumelelo Vancouver kwi ukuhlala ezidolophini isukela ekuzibopheleleni kwayo ekulungelelaniseni ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nezothutho, ukugcina imigangatho ephezulu yoyilo lwasezidolophini, kunye nokubonelela ngezinto eziluncedo ezenza ingxinano yonwabe.³. Ngoku, ama-50% emisebenzi esixekweni ikwi-10% kuphela yesiseko somhlaba³, igxininisa i ukubaluleka ye-compact, uphuhliso losetyenziso oluxubeneyo oko kwenza abantu, imisebenzi, kunye neenkonzo zisondelelane³. Ugxininiso lwesixeko ekubuyiseleni nasekwandiseni ikhenophu yemithi yaso, iindawo eziluhlaza, kunye neepaki zonyusa ngakumbi ukuphila kweendawo ezixineneyo kakhulu.³.

IVancouver imigaqo yoyilo lwedolophu baye benza isixeko esinokuhambahamba, esihlangeneyo, kunye noluntu oluxubeneyo olusebenza njengomzekelo wezinye izixeko kwihlabathi jikelele³. Ngokubeka phambili uthutho oluzinzileyo, izibonelelo eziluhlaza, kunye nophuhliso olujoliswe kuluntu, iVancouver iye yaziguqula yaba yindawo ephilayo yokwenene neyomelelayo edolophini.³.

IVancouver uphuhliso loxinaniso oluphezulu ivelise izibonelelo ezininzi kwiindawo zedolophu⁴. Ugxininiso ekudaleni uluntu olubeka phambili iindlela zothutho oluzinzileyo, ukwakha isixeko esinobomi besitrato obuphilileyo, kunye nokukhusela okubalulekileyo ngokwembali. izakhiwo, iisayithi, kunye imithi ngeNkqubo yeLifa leMveli ibe luncedo ekubumbeni ubume bedolophu obuhlumayo⁴. Ngaphezu koko, izicwangciso zoluntu eVancouver zisebenza njengeemephu zendlela ezikhokela utshintsho olulungileyo kunye nophuhliso kwiindawo ezihlala abantu, ngelixa uphuhliso olutsha lunegalelo kwinkxaso-mali. iziseko, iinkonzo, kunye nezinto eziluncedo zoluntu⁴.

Ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-680,000 abahlali ngaphakathi kwe-44 yeemayile zesikwere⁵, Vancouver uye wamkela izibonelelo ze ubomi obuxinene kakhulu. Le ndlela iye yakhokelela kokungakumbi izindlu ezifikelelekayo ukhetho, ukunciphisa ukusasazeka, kunye nokuphuculwa impilo yoluntu. Ngaphaya koko, uphuhliso loxinaniso oluphezulu ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuhla kweendleko zamandla kubahlali⁴.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yezowuni ye-Vancouver, efana ne-EcoDensity Charter eyaziswa ngo-2008, ibe luncedo ekwandeni koxinaniso ngelixa igcina ubume bendawo ezihlala kuyo. Le migaqo-nkqubo ibandakanya 'ingxinano engabonakaliyo' (iisuti zesibini ngaphakathi ezikhoyo izindlu), 'uxinano olufihliweyo' (izindlu zangasese), kunye 'noxinano oluthambileyo' (uphuhliso olunomgangatho ophantsi ecaleni kwezitrato zorhwebo)⁴. Ukusukela ngo-2009, zingaphezu kwe-1,500 izindlu zendlela ezivunyiweyo, ezibonisa impumelelo yala manyathelo.⁴. Esi sixeko sikwafumana, ngokomndilili, iidola ezingama-220 ezigidi zeedola ngonyaka ngeminikelo yoncedo loluntu (CACs), iirhafu zeendleko zophuhliso (DCLs), kunye nommandla webhonasi woxinaniso, eziphinda zityalwe kwiziseko ezingundoqo, iinkonzo, kunye nezinto eziluncedo zoluntu.⁵.

"IVancouver, ngokomndilili, i-$220 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka ngeminikelo yoncedo loluntu (CACs), iirhafu zeendleko zophuhliso (DCLs), kunye noxinaniso lwezowuni yebhonasi, ezithi ziphinde zityalwe kwiziseko ezingundoqo, iinkonzo, kunye nezinto eziluncedo zoluntu."⁵

Ukuzibophelela kwesi sixeko kuphuhliso oluxinana kakhulu kuye kwaqatshelwa ngakumbi ngeeMbasa zokuYila iiDolophu, ezibhiyozela ukugqwesa Zakhiwo kunye noyilo lwedolophu⁴. Ukongeza, iNgxelo yoMxholo woMmandla weVancouver ibonisa ulungelelwaniso lwesixeko kunye neSicwangciso sokuKhula soMmandla weMetro Vancouver, siqinisekisa indlela edibeneyo ucwangciso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo⁴.

EVancouver, ukudityaniswa kwendalo ngaphakathi kwelaphu lasezidolophini kuye kwaba lilitye lembombo lesixeko ubomi obuzinzileyo imodeli. Indlela yobuchule yesixeko amahlathi asezidolophini kunye nokudalwa kweendawo eziluhlaza kube negalelo elikhulu ekuphileni kwayo okwaziwayo⁶.

Uyilo lwedolophu yaseVancouver lubeka phambili ukubandakanywa kweepaki, ezidolophini amahlathi, kunye neepaseji eziluhlaza, ukubonelela abahlali ngeendawo ezininzi zokuzonwabisa, ukuphucula umgangatho womoya, kunye nokuphucula eziphilayo⁶. Inkqubo yokugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo ekudibaneni kwezitrato ze-63 kunye ne-Yukon, umzekelo, isusa i-2.2 yezigidi zeelitha zamanzi emvula ngonyaka kwimibhobho yesixeko.⁶. Oku kudityaniswa kwe iziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza-luhlaza ijolise ekuphuculeni idolophu Ulawulo lwamanzi, ukunciphisa ubushushu bedolophu, kunye nokwandisa ubulungisa kunye impilo⁶.

ukuzibophelela Vancouver ukuba amahlathi asezidolophini ibonakaliswa yimigudu yayo yokwandisa uphahla lwemithi yesi sixeko⁶. Kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yeSicwangciso sesiXeko seMvula, iVancouver yongeze i-80 yezakhiwo ezitsha ze-asethi yeziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza, zizonke ngaphezulu kwama-300 kwisixeko sonke.⁶. Le ndlela yobuchule yoku amahlathi asezidolophini ayipheleli nje ekuhombiseni isixeko kodwa ikwanegalelo ekuphuculweni komgangatho womoya, ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nexabiso elipheleleyo leekholoji edolophini. indawo⁶.

Ukudityaniswa kwendalo phakathi kweendawo zasezidolophini zeVancouver kuye kwaba ngumzamo wentsebenziswano, obandakanya icandelo likarhulumente nelabucala, uluntu lophuhliso, kunye neengcali ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, njengabakhi bezakhiwo, abakhi bezakhiwo, njineli⁶. Le ndlela yokujongana nendibanisela iqinisekisa ukuba iindawo eziluhlaza zesixeko azithandeki nje kuphela kodwa zikwadityaniswe ngokusebenzayo ukujongana nemingeni. ukuhlala ezidolophini⁶.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye izixeko kwihlabathi jikelele nazo ziyakubona ukubaluleka kokudibanisa indalo kwindawo ezihlala kuyo ezidolophini⁷. Ngokomzekelo, iSingapore ityale imithi engaphezu kwama-55,000 kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu ukuze idale imekobume echumileyo yedolophu.⁷. Ngokukwanjalo, izixeko ezingoovulindlela ziseka amahlathi azinikeleyo asezidolophini njengeendawo ezicwangcisiweyo apho imithi kunye nohlaza zityalwa ngenjongo, igalelo ekuphuculweni komgangatho womoya, ukwahlukana kwebhayoloji, kunye nempilo yonke yabahlali basezidolophini.⁷.

Ukudityaniswa kwendalo ngaphakathi koyilo lwedolophu yaseVancouver ibe ngumzekelo wezinye izixeko ukuba ziwulandele, ubonisa iingenelo zokulungelelanisa indawo eyakhelweyo kunye nehlabathi lendalo⁶⁷.

IVancouver Ukuhanjiwa kawonke-wonke Inkqubo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwedolophu. Uthungelwano lwezothutho olukhawulezileyo lweSkyTrain luxhasa kwaye lukhuthaza ukuxinana kweendawo zokuhlala nengqesho ecaleni kwepaseji zayo, kuquka imigaqo uphuhliso olujolise kwezothutho⁸. Esi sibonelelo sibanzi sezothutho lukawonke-wonke sibe sisixhobo ekubumbeni ubumbano, uluntu olunokuhanjwa olungqonge iindawo zothutho zesixeko.

Isigqibo sobuchule seVancouver sokuncama oohola bendlela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 savula indlela yenkqubo yezothutho eneendlela ezininzi ebeka phambili ukuhamba, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, kunye nohambo loluntu. Le ndlela igxininisa ukuzinikela kwesixeko uthutho oluzinzileyo kunye nenkolelo yayo yokuba "esona sicwangciso sothutho sisicwangciso esihle sokusetyenziswa komhlaba."⁸

Njengoko iMetro Vancouver ilindele ngaphezulu kwesigidi sabahlali abatsha kule minyaka ilishumi izayo⁹, inkqubo yezothutho yesixeko isebenza njengomzekelo wokudibanisa imigaqo yezothutho neyezindlu. I-SkyTrain, eyona nkqubo ye-automated ye-automated kwi-North America, inikezela ngenkonzo kwi-2-3 ngomzuzu we-headways⁹, ukudibanisa abahlali ngaphandle komthungo kwiindawo zabo. Imifuziselo yenkxaso-mali yeVancouver, kuquka neebhonasi zoxinaniso zokuhamba uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo⁹, iye yomeleza ngakumbi indlela yayo yokuthutha ejolise kucwangciso lwedolophu.

Inkqubo yohambo yeVancouver idlula yonke iCanada ekukhweleni⁹, ebonisa ukwamkeleka koluntu kwezothutho oluzinzileyo. Ukwala kwesi sixeko koohola bendlela kuye kwaba ngunobangela wolu tshintsho lwemodyuli, kunye ne-20% nje yabantu baseBogotá abaneemoto.⁸, ikhuthaza i ukuqaliswa yenkqubo esebenzayo yokuHamba ngokuKhawuleza kweeBhasi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-car-centric urbanism ePhoenix ikhokelele kwi-100,000 yamakhaya angenamntu ngexesha elinye.⁸.

Ngeli xesha, izixeko ezinjengeCopenhagen zibone impumelelo ebalaseleyo ekukhuthazeni ukuhamba ngebhayisekile, nge-36% yabantu baseDenmark abasebenzisa iibhayisekile ukuya emsebenzini okanye esikolweni.⁸. Kwaye eStrasbourg, Fransi , abantu abamalunga ne-900,000 bancedwa luthungelwano olubanzi lweetram kumbindi wesixeko⁸. Le mizekelo yehlabathi ibonisa amandla okuguqula ukubeka phambili Ukuhanjiwa kawonke-wonke kunye nokushukumiseka okuzinzileyo kuyilo lwasezidolophini.

⁸⁹

Iinkqubo zocwangciso lwedolophu yaseVancouver zimiliselwe ngokuqinileyo kwimigaqo ye nokuzinza kunye nokunciphisa idolophu Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni¹⁰. Ukucwangciswa kwedolophu eVancouver kugxile ekudaleni isixeko seendawo zokuhlala apho abantu banokusebenza, badlale, kwaye bathenge, kugxininiswa ukuphila.¹⁰. UMthetho kaMasipala woCando kunye noPhuhliso lwe-3575 useka imimiselo yophuhliso lomhlaba kwiSixeko saseVancouver, ngogxininiso olumandla kwiindlela ezizinzileyo zokuhamba, iipaki ezininzi, izitalato ezihambayo, kunye neendawo zoluntu.¹⁰.

Ucwangciso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo eVancouver ibandakanya iinkalo ezinje ngeendawo eziluhlaza, iindlela zokuhamba ezibanzi, iindlela zebhayisekile, kunye neendawo ezikhutshwa kancinci ukukhuthaza iindlela zothutho ezingezizo ezemoto.¹¹. Isixeko sithathe amanyathelo angqongqo isakhiwo esiluhlaza imigangatho kwaye ikhuthaza izisombululo zokuyila ezintsha zokunciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo, kuquka ukunyusa izakhiwo ezonga umbane kunye nokuphumeza umoya ovuselelekayo iinkqubo¹⁰. Ezi nzame ziyinxalenye yenjongo yeVancouver yokuba sesona sixeko siluhlaza emhlabeni ngo-2020¹⁰.

IVancouver yaziwa ngokuba yi "Vancouverism," ingqikelelo edibanisa intlonipho yendalo kunye nokuhlala ezidolophini, eneenqaba ezinde ezibhityileyo zoxinaniso, ezahlulwe ngokubanzi zizakhiwo ezisezantsi.¹⁰. Ucwangciso lwedolophu lwesixeko lubandakanya ubandakanyo oluphangaleleyo lwabemi kunye nothethwano ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphileka, uyilo lwedolophu olukumgangatho ophezulu.¹⁰. IVancouver iqalise inkqubo yokuphuhlisa iVancouver (iSixeko-ebanzi) iSicwangciso esiya kukhokela isixeko ukuya kwi-2050 nangaphaya, ngokugxila Uphuhliso oluphathekayo¹⁰.

Abacwangcisi besixeko kunye nabayili basezidolophini abavela kwihlabathi liphela beza eVancouver ukufumana inkuthazo yokuphinda bacinge ngezixeko zabo zangaphakathi ngeendlela ezizinzileyo.¹⁰. indlela Vancouver ukuba ucwangciso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo isebenza njengomzekelo wezinye izixeko ezifuna ukunciphisa indawo yazo yekhabhoni kunye nokudala uluntu oluphilekayo, olukhathalele indalo esingqongileyo.¹¹.

IsiXeko saseVancouver kudala sakuqonda ukubaluleka kwe ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali kucwangciso nophuhliso lwedolophu. Ngokubandakanya abahlali ngenkuthalo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo, isixeko sikwazile ukudala iiprojekthi ezibandakanyayo, ezizinzileyo, neziqhutywa luluntu.¹³.

indlela Vancouver ukuba ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali isekelwe kuMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuThatha iNxaxheba koLuntu (IAP2)'s core values, egxininisa ilungelo loluntu lokubandakanyeka, impembelelo yegalelo likawonke-wonke kwizigqibo, kunye nezigqibo ezizinzileyo ngonxibelelwano olubandakanyayo kunye nokubandakanyeka.¹³.

Esi sixeko silandela intatho nxaxheba kawonke-wonke, ukusuka ekwaziseni abahlali ukuya ekubenixhobisa ukuze bathathe inxaxheba ephambili ekubumbeni ubumelwane babo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu oluntu anelizwi lokwenyani kwi Inkqubo yocwangciso, ngegalelo labo eliphembelela ngokuthe ngqo iziphumo zokugqibela¹³.

Ukukhuthaza ubandakanyo, isixeko senza iinzame ezimanyeneyo zokuzibandakanya noluntu olungamelwanga ngokwaneleyo kwaye ekunzima ukufikelela kulo, ukujongana nemiqobo ekuthatheni inxaxheba efana nemiqobo yomzimba, yezoqoqosho, okanye yolwimi.¹³.

The ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali indlela esetyenziswayo ikhokelele kumabali empumelelo amaninzi, apho abahlali baye badibana ukuze basombulule imiba yasekhaya kwaye baqhube utshintsho olulungileyo. Omnye umzekelo kukuyilwa kwegadi yasekuhlaleni kwindawo enemivuzo ephantsi, ebonelela ngofikelelo kwimveliso entsha kunye nokukhuthaza umanyano ekuhlaleni.¹⁴.

Elinye inyathelo eliyimpumelelo ibe kukusekwa kwe-incubator yoshishino lwasekhaya, ukuxhasa ushishino kunye nokwandiswa kobume borhwebo.¹⁴.

Ezi projekthi zikhokelwa luluntu zibonisa amandla ucwangciso lokuthatha inxaxheba, njengoko zijongana ngqo neemfuno kunye neminqweno yabantu abahlala kule mimandla¹⁴.

Ukuzibophelela kweVancouver kukuzibandakanya koluntu kuphuhliso lwedolophu ibe ngumba ophambili kwimeko yedolophu eyimpumelelo nenokuhlalwa. Ngokuxhobisa abahlali ukuba badlale indima ebonakalayo ekubumbeni uluntu lwabo, isixeko sikwazile ukudala iindawo ezibandakanya ngakumbi, ezizinzileyo, nezizinzileyo ezibonisa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni zabemi bazo.¹³¹⁴.

IVancouver iye yamkela uphuhliso oluxubeneyo njengesicwangciso esingundoqo sokudala ubumelwane obudlamkileyo, obuzinzileyo. Olu phuhliso ludibanisa iindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iindawo zoshishino ngaphakathi kwendawo enye okanye isakhiwo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula. phila-umsebenzi-umdlalo umphakathi¹⁵. Ukuguqulwa kwemimandla yemizi-mveliso yangaphambili ibe zezi phila-umsebenzi wokudlala uluntu ibonakalise ukuba yimpumelelo emangazayo, ekhokelela kusetyenziso lomhlaba olusebenzayo, ukunciphisa amaxesha okuhamba, kunye nokwandisa amandla ebumelwaneni.¹⁵.

Ukudityaniswa kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo ngaphakathi kophuhliso oluxubeneyo lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi¹⁵. La mava anye anciphisa ixesha elichithwe kwitrafikhi, abonelela ngenkululeko ekukhetheni iindawo zokusebenza, kwaye aphucule ulawulo lwabantu phakathi kweendawo zasezidolophini.¹⁵. Ukongeza, ukuphunyezwa kwetekhnoloji kolu phuhliso kunceda iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, ukunciphisa ukudibana komzimba kunye nomphezulu kunye nokusasazeka kwentsholongwane¹⁵. Ngokwamkela iimfuno zemihla ngemihla zabantu ngelixa bethobela izithethe ezintsha kunye nemikhwa yobomi, uphuhliso oluxubeneyo ludala iindawo ezincinci, ezinxibeleleneyo eziphucula ulawulo lwabantu kwizixeko ezikhulu.¹⁵.

IVancouver inamadla amaninzi aphumeleleyo uphuhliso losetyenziso oluxubeneyo izifundo ezisebenza njengemizekelo yezinye izixeko. I Isixeko esincinci saseOakridge uphuhliso lubonisa indlela eya kwizakhiwo ezizixhasayo ezinikezela ngamava okusetyenziswa okuxubileyo kubahlali¹⁵. The Isakhiwo sikaWoodward ngumzekelo wokudityaniswa kweemarike kunye nezindlu ezingezizo ezentengiso, ukuthengisa, iindawo zoluntu, kunye nezibonelelo zemfundo¹⁵. Ezi projekthi zibonisa izicwangciso-qhinga ezinokubakho zokulawula nokukhusela abemi xa bejongene neentlekele zehlabathi ezizayo¹⁵.

As izowuni yedolophu iyaqhubeka ukuvela, ukuthandwa kwe uphuhliso oluxubeneyo kulindeleke ukuba iphakame, iguqule indlela esiphila ngayo, esisebenza ngayo, nesidlala ngayo kwizixeko zethu¹⁶¹⁵¹⁷.

Njengoko izixeko kwihlabathi jikelele zisokola nocelomngeni lokulondoloza izindlu ezifikelelekayo, iVancouver iye yavela njengenkokeli ekuqaliseni izicwangciso ezintsha zokujongana nalo mba ucinezelayo. Yesixeko amaphulo ezindlu zibonelela ngezifundo ezibalulekileyo kumaziko asezidolophini azabalazela ukulinganisa phakathi koxinano kunye nokufikeleleka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uluntu lwazo luhlala luhlukene kwaye lubandakanya.

IVancouver iphumeze uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza izindlu ezifikelelekayo. Ugunyaziso lwemigaqo-nkqubo yocando olubandakanyayo lwesixeko yokuba uphuhliso olutsha lubekele bucala ipesenti yeeyunithi kubahlali abafumana imivuzo ephantsi.¹⁸. Ngaphaya koko, iVancouver yazisa irhafu yepesenti enye kumakhaya angenanto angahlaliyo ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-1 ngonyaka.¹⁸, ejolise ekuthinteleni utyalo-mali oluqikelelwayo lwezindlu nomhlaba kunye nokukhulula isitokhwe sezindlu kubahlali bengingqi.

Ukuqaphela imfuno yendlela ebanzi, iVancouver iye yakha ubudlelwane kunye ababhekisi ukudala izindlu ezirentwayo ezakhiwe ngenjongo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezisebenzisanayo¹⁹. La manyathelo avumela ukuba ukwakhiwa yengeniso exubeneyo yezindlu zokuhlala, inkxaso, kunye nentsebenziswano ngaphandle kwesidingo sokucandwa ngokutsha, kugxilwe ekusondeleni kumaziko okuhamba kunye naworhwebo.¹⁹.

Amava eVancouver anika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwezinye izixeko ezijongene nokufikeleleka kwezindlu. Ukutshintsha kwesi sixeko kurhulumente ukusuka kwi-BC Liberals ukuya kwi-social-demokhrasi i-New Democratic Party (NDP) kwaqhutywa ngokuyinxenye kukuxhalaba okukhulayo malunga neendleko zezindlu.¹⁸. Olu tshintsho lwezopolitiko lwenze ukuba kuhlaziywe ingqwalasela efikelelekayo amaphulo ezindlu, egxininisa ukubaluleka kwentando yezopolitiko kunye nokuzibandakanya koluntu ekuqhubeni utshintsho oluhlala luhleli.

Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo ikwabalulekile, njengoko kungqinwa ziinzame zeVancouver zokukhuthaza ukuthotywa kwabantu abadala kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezindlu zezizukulwana ezitsha.²⁰. Ngokusebenzisana ukujongana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabahlali besixeko, iVancouver ivula indlela yembonakalo yedolophu ebandakanyayo nelinganayo.

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili eyenziweyo, imiceli mngeni ihleli ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izindlu ezifikelelekayo zihlala zifikeleleka kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezidolophini njengeVancouver.¹⁸. Iinzame eziqhubekayo zokulinganisa kunye nokujongana nemisebenzi eqikelelwayo yezindlu nezindlu, ngelixa kulungelelaniswa iimfuno zabaninimzi, abaqeshisi, kunye nabaphuhlisi, iya kubaluleka kwimpumelelo eqhubekayo yesixeko.

“Izindlu ezifikelelekayo asikokwenza umntu abe nophahla phezu kwentloko yakhe – koko kukwenza uluntu apho wonke umntu anethuba lokuphumelela.”

Ukuhamba lilitye lembombo kwifilosofi yoyilo lwasezidolophini yaseVancouver. Isixeko sibeka phambili ukudala imeko-bume elungele abahambi ngeenyawo ngeendlela ezibanzi, ukuthengisa okukumgangatho wesitrato, kunye nolwakhiwo lwabantu.²¹. Indlela yeVancouver igxile “kumandla okusondela,” eqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zemihla ngemihla zikumgama wokuhamba kubahlali²¹. Olu gxininiso lokuhamba lukhokelele ekuphuculweni kwempilo yoluntu, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimoto, kunye nokuphucula intsebenziswano yoluntu, okwenza iVancouver ibe yimodeli yezinye izixeko ezifuna ukudala iindawo zokuhlala ezihlala edolophini.

Embindini weqhinga lokuhamba kweVancouver sisicwangciso esibanzi sokulungisa izikhewu kuthungelwano lwendlela yedolophu.²¹. Isicwangciso seSixeko sika-2023 ukuya ku-2027 seSicwangciso sokuHamba esiSebenzayo sijolise kwisibini esithathwini sazo zonke iihambo zibe luhambo olusebenzayo kunye nokuhamba ngo-2030.²¹. Ukufezekisa oku, isicwangciso sichonga izikhewu ezibalulekileyo zendlela esecaleni kwendlela kwaye sibeka phambili ukufakelwa kweerempu, ngakumbi kufutshane neendawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezibhedlele kunye namaziko oluntu.²¹. Iipaseji ezinkulu zezothutho ezisebenzayo zidibanisa ukuhamba, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, kunye nokuphuculwa kwendawo yoluntu, ukudala uthungelwano olungenamthungo lwabahambi ngeenyawo nabakhweli beebhayisikile.

"Ukuhamba ezidolophini yinto ebalulekileyo ekudaleni uluntu oluphumelelayo." -Sandy James, umcwangcisi kunye neblogger eVancouver²². Izixeko ezinokuhanjwa njengeVancouver zinempembelelo entle kwimpilo nakwintlalontle yabahlali bazo²². Ubumelwane abaneendawo ezininzi zokusingwa kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa zikhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu omsebenzi onxulumene nezothutho kunye nonxibelelwano lwentlalo.²³. Injongo yeVancouver yokuba neepesenti ezingama-90 zabahlali bahlala kumgama wokuhamba okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile kwiimfuno zabo zemihla ngemihla ngo-2030.²³ igxininisa ukuzinikela kwesixeko ekukhuthazeni indlela yokuphila edlamkileyo kunye nokukhuthaza uluntu oludlamkileyo, olunxibeleleneyo.

Utyalo-mali lwesiXeko saseVancouver ekuhambeni alukho malunga nokuphucula iziseko zophuhliso; imalunga nokudala indawo ehlala idolophini ephilekayo, ezinzileyo, nelinganayo²³. Ngokubeka izinto ezibalulekileyo kwindawo yazo uyilo olulungele abahambi ngeenyawo kunye nezothutho ezisebenzayo, iVancouver ibeka umzekelo wezinye izixeko zehlabathi ukuba zilandele²¹²²²³.

Njengoko iVancouver iqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezintsha kuyilo lwedolophu kunye nocwangciso, isixeko siphambili ekubumbeni ikamva lokuphila ezidolophini. Iintsingiselo ezivelayo kummandla zikhomba ekudityanisweni okungaphezulu kwe isixeko smart itekhnoloji, ukwanda kokugxila kwi ukomelela kwemozulu, kunye neendawo eziguquguqukayo, eziguquguqukayo zedolophu²⁴.

Ixesha localucalulo olungqongqo kwizixeko lufikelela esiphelweni, njengoko abacwangcisi basezidolophini besamkela indlela edityanisiweyo yeendawo zasedolophini. Abasebenzi bafuna ukusondela kwiindawo zabo zokusebenza, ngokufikelela ngokulula kwizinto ezifana nethiyetha, iimyuziyam, iivenkile, iivenkile zokutyela, iikhefi kunye neepaki.²⁴. Izixeko ezinje ngeMinneapolis ziphelisa ukwahlulwa kosapho olunye, ngelixa iBirmingham, Alabama, iphelisa. Yokupaka imigangatho yokuyila ngokutsha imeko-bume yolwakhiwo, ebonisa utshintsho oluya kucwangciso oluzinzileyo noluguquguqukayo lwedolophu²⁴.

U-Alexandra Steed, owavula iofisi yaseVancouver ngo-2024, uzisa iimbono ezintsha kuyilo lwasezidolophini kunye nocwangciso oluhle. Umbono wakhe wokucwangciswa kwedolophu ugxininisa ekudaleni izixeko ezizinzileyo, ezibandakanyayo, kunye nezomeleleyo ezinokuziqhelanisa nemingeni yexesha elizayo. Indlela kaSteed iyayibona indima ebalulekileyo yendawo evulekileyo ekucingeni kwakhona iindawo ezisembindini wedolophu, ngakumbi emva kobhubhani, ngokunikezela ngeendawo ezidityanisiweyo zangaphakathi nangaphandle.²⁴. Ngokugxila kuphuhliso loqoqosho, ukomelela, kunye namandla entengiso, iqela le-Steed labacwangcisi besixeko lisebenzela ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yokuguquguquka kubathengi kwixesha leemeko zemarike ezingaqinisekanga kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo eguqukayo.²⁴.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo kweVancouver kunye nokuvuleleka kwiimbono ezintsha kuyibeka njengenkokeli ekubumbeni ikamva lokuphila ezidolophini. Njengoko izixeko kwihlabathi jikelele zijongene nemingeni ye imo iyatshintsha, iinguqu zabantu, kunye nokungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho, izinto ezintsha kunye nezifundo ezivela eVancouver zinika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kubacwangcisi basezidolophini kunye nabenzi bezigqibo.²⁵.

1. Ukwenza uxinano lube lilitye lembombo ukuze kwenziwe isiXeko esiPhumelelekayo- https://www.planetizen.com/node/60925
2. Ukuhlala eVancouver: isikhokelo sabasanda kufika | Moving2Canada - https://moving2canada.com/planning/destination-guides/vancouver/living-in-vancouver/
3. Isicwangciso seVancouver: Ukuzalisekisa iSicwangciso- https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/vancouver-plan.aspx
4. Ukucwangcisa isixeko esiphilayo, esizinzileyo - https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/urban-planning.aspx
5. Uzibophelele kwaye “Baphumelele” Abazali kwi-Urbanism exineneyo yoSapho lwaseVancouver- https://www.planning.org/blog/9224993/committed-and-won-over-parents-in-vancouvers-dense-family-oriented-urbanism/
6. Iimfihlo zeSicwangciso seSixeko seMvula seVancouver | CityChangers.org - https://citychangers.org/citychanger-melina-scholefield/
7. UCwangciso loLuhlaza lweNdawo zoLuntu: ukuHlanganisa iNdalo kwiNdawo yeDolophu-IsiDashi sokuYila – https://designdash.com/2024/01/18/green-planning-of-public-spaces-integrating-nature-in-urban-environments/
8. Ihlabathi eliThuthayo-imagazini yeVancouver- https://www.vanmag.com/city/general/the-world-in-transit/
9. Ukujonga ikamva: Isicwangciso seMetro Vancouver yoThutho oluZinzileyo kunye neZindlu – https://www.icomera.com/metro-vancouvers-blueprint-for-sustainable-transportation/
10. Ucwangciso lwedolophu, izowuni ezinzileyo, kunye nophuhliso – https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/planning-zoning-development.aspx
11. Isikhokelo se-GCT kuCwangciso lweDolophu yoHlaza | Amaxesha eSixeko saseGreen- https://www.greencitytimes.com/urban-planning/
12. Uphuhliso lweDolophu oluZinzileyo | asla.org - https://www.asla.org/sustainableurbandevelopment.aspx
13. Silwenza njani uthethathethwano noluntu- https://vancouver.ca/your-government/how-we-do-community-engagement.aspx
14. Isicwangciso-qhinga – – https://www.cityofvancouver.us/government/strategic-plan/
15. Ukunyuka koYilo oluDityanisiweyo lokuSebenzisa kwiLizwe le-Post-bhubhane- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rise-mixed-use-architecture-post-pandemic-world-mahtab-kiani
16. Amabali amabini esixeko esinye: Ishishini lezindlu laseVancouver liyakhula kwaye liyasokola- https://vancouversun.com/business/real-estate/vancouver-housing-industry-booming-struggling
17. IVancouver-Iziko leSkyscraper- https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/vancouver/news
18. Yintoni iVancouver, BC, enosifundisa yona malunga nezindlu- https://www.cascadepbs.org/2017/12/vancouver-bc-housing-teach-seattle-affordability
19. IVancouver izindlu zoluntu inyathelo- https://www.shapeyourcity.ca/social-housing
20. Iishifti zesiZukulwana ekuHlaleni eziDolophini zichaphazela i-Real Estate Landscape yeVancouver – https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/generational-shifts-urban-living-impacting-vancouvers-mitchell-harpur
21. Ukuhamba kunye nokufikeleleka- https://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/pedestrian-accessibility.aspx
22. Kutheni iiDolophu kunye nokuHamba kuhamba kunye- https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2016/8/22/why-cities-and-walking-go-hand-in-hand
23. Uphononongo lufumanisa ukuba iVancouver ifikeleleka ekuphumezeni imodeli yesixeko yemizuzu eli-15 - https://the-peak.ca/2022/06/study-finds-vancouver-is-within-reach-of-implementing-the-15-minute-city-model/
24. Iindlela zokuBukela ukuBuyiselwa ngokutsha kwekamva leZixeko kunye nokuPhila eziDolophini- https://www.gensler.com/blog/trends-reshaping-future-of-cities-urban-living
25. PDF - https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2022/07/chapter_6_wcr_2022.pdf