Afghanistani likhaya kuluhlu oluphawulekayo lwezilwanyana kunye iintlobo zezityalo, ukuyenza indawo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, eli lifa lemveli lityebileyo okwangoku liphantsi komngcipheko ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo.

Uhlaziyo lweNdaba ze-Biodiversity yase-Afghanistan ngo-2025

Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziseMngciphekweni: I-biodiversity etyebileyo yase-Afghanistan iphantsi kwesoyikiso esibi ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, ukuchithwa kwamahlathi, nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Malunga neentlobo ezili-149, kuquka neentlobo zeentaka ezingama-60, zisengozini. Ngokuphawulekayo, iindidi ezifana nengwe yaseCaspian kunye neentaka zasendle sele zinyamalele. Iinzame ziyaqhubeka eKabul Zoo ukuzala kunye nokubuyisela iintlobo zezilwanyana ezifana namahlosi kunye ne-markhor endle. english.news.cn+1en.wikipedia.org+1

Ukuthatha okuQatha:

• Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zase-Afghanistan zijongene izinsongelo ngenxa yemfazwe, ukutyisa ngokugqithisileyo, ukuqokelelwa kwamafutha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezinkulu ezitya utyani.
• Ilizwe likhaya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana kunye iintlobo zezityalo, kuquka izilwanyana ezanyisayo, iintaka, izirhubuluzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, intlanzi, amabhabhathane, kunye nezityalo ezinemithambo.
• Iintlobo ze-39 kunye ne-8 subspecies kwi Afghanistani ngoku zidweliswe njengezo zisemngciphekweni wehlabathi jikelele ukuphela.
• Ukulondoloza izinto eziphilayo e-Afghanistan kubalulekile ekukhuseleni iintlobo zayo ezizodwa kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala.
• Inyathelo elingxamisekileyo liyafuneka ukulungisa le ngxaki izinsongelo kunye nokugcina ilifa lendalo elityebileyo lase-Afghanistan ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.

Amaphondo awodwa e-Bio-geographical yase-Afghanistan

I-Afghanistan, eneembonakalo zomhlaba ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-ikhosistim, ilikhaya kumaphondo asibhozo ahlukeneyo e-bio-geographical. La maphondo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ubutyebi bezityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo zelizwe kwaye abalulekile kuko ibhalansi yendalo kwaye nokugcinwa imizamo.

Asixhenxe kula maphondo e-bio-geographical aphantsi kwe Indawo yasePalaearctic, equka iYurophu, iAsia kumantla eHimalaya, nakuMntla Afrika. I Indawo yasePalaearctic yaziwa ngokwahlukeneyo Izityalo nezilwanyana, kuquka nezilwanyana ezidumileyo ezifana nengwe yaseSiberia, iCaspian seal, nengwe yekhephu. Amaphondo ase-Afghanistan asePalaearctic abonisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zalo mmandla kwaye abambe intaphane yezityalo kunye nezityalo. iintlobo zezilwanyana.

Iphondo lesibhozo, elisezantsi kwiNtlambo yoMlambo iKabul, linemvelaphi kwingingqi ye-Indo-Malayan. Le ndawo ibonisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo eziphenjelelwa yi-Indo-Malayan biodiversity hotspot, eyaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele ngeyona ndlela ikhethekileyo. ubutyebi beentlobo kunye ne-endemism. I Imvelaphi yaseIndo-Malayan yeli phondo yongeza kwinto yonke eziphilayo ukubaluleka eAfghanistan.

Eli phondo, kunye nalo Imvelaphi yaseIndo-Malayan, ibonisa iimpawu ezizodwa ze-ikholoji kwaye yongeza kwiiyantlukwano ngokubanzi zemimandla ye-bio-geographical yase-Afghanistan. Likhaya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo kunye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezikhula kakuhle kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo ezisezantsi zeKabul River Valley. Lo mmandla ubaluleke kakhulu Ulondolozo lwendalo iinzame eAfghanistan.

Ukuqonda amaphondo e-Afghanistan bio-geographical kubalulekile kwi nokugcinwa kunye nolawulo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezityebileyo. La maphondo abonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezizodwa kwiintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo kwaye abe negalelo kwinto yonke ukomelela kwendalo yelizwe. Ngokuvuma kunye nokukhusela i-ikhosistim eyohlukeneyo kula maphondo, sinokuqinisekisa ubukho bexesha elide lwezityalo ezixabisekileyo nefauna zase-Afghanistan.

Ezinye Izilwanyana ezanyisayo zaseAfghan 

Ijografi yase-Afghanistan eyohlukeneyo, ebandakanya iintaba, iintlango, kunye amahlathi, ixhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ezinye zezilwanyana ezanyisayo eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka e-Afghanistan ziquka:

1. Ingwe yekhephu (Panthera uncia): Ezi kati zinzima zifumaneka ikakhulu kwimimandla yeentaba, ngakumbi kudederhu lweHindu Kush kunye nePamir.
2. Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus): Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Himalayan black bear, ihlala emahlathini nasezintabeni.
3. UMarkor (Capra falconeri): Olu hlobo lwebhokhwe lwaziwa ngokuba neempondo zalo ezijikelezayo kwaye lidla ngokufumaneka kwiintaba ezimagqagala.
4. Ingcuka eGrey (Canis lupus): Iingcuka zixhaphakile kwaye zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, kubandakanya iintaba kunye neentlango.
5. I-Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx): Le wildcat enobungakanani obuphakathi ikhetha iindawo ezinamahlathi kunye nemimandla yeentaba.
6. Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): Uhlobo oluguquguqukayo kakhulu, impungutye ebomvu inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala kulo lonke elase-Afghanistan.
7. ICaracal (iCaracal caracal): Le nkati yasendle inobungakanani obuphakathi eneendlebe ezithe tyaba ezahlukileyo ifumaneka kwimimandla ebharhileyo kunye neyomileyo.
8. Ikati kaPallas (i-Otocolobus manul): Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-manul, le ntaka yasendle incinci ihlala kumathafa kunye nemimandla yeentaba.
9. I-Hyena enemigca (Hyaena hyaena): Ifumaneka kwimimandla eyinkqantosi nebharhileyo, ingcuka enemigca ingumhlaseli odlala indima ebalulekileyo i-ikhosistim.
10. I-Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta): Le primate ixhaphake ukufumaneka kwimimandla enamahlathi nakufutshane neendawo zokuhlala abantu.
11. Ihagu yasendle (Sus scrofa): Ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo ziphila emahlathini nakwiindawo ezikufutshane nemithombo yamanzi.
12. I-Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica): Le mpuku inkulu ifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, kuquka iintaba, amahlathi, kunye neendawo zokulima.
13. Udyakalashe wegolide (Canis aureus): Ezi canine eziguquguqukayo zifumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ingca kunye neendawo eziguqulwe ngabantu.

Ezi ntlobo zimele iqhezu lokwahlukana kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo e-Afghanistan, ezibunjwe ziimozulu zelizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-topographies. Iinzame zolondolozo zibalulekile kuninzi lwezi ntlobo zezilwanyana, ngakumbi ezo zisemngciphekweni wokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni.

Iintlobo eziseMngciphekweni wokuTshabalala e-Afghanistan

I-Afghanistan, eneentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo, ilikhaya labantu abaninzi izilwanyana eziyingozi. Njengokwedatha yamva nje evela kwi Uluhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN, iintlobo ze-39 kunye ne-8 subspecies e-Afghanistan zihlelwa njengezisengozini kwaye zijongene nesongelo ukuphela. Oku kubandakanya uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezinkulu, ezinabantu bazo behle kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo ngenxa yokuzingela nokuzingela. ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala.

ezi izilwanyana eziyingozi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ulungelelwano lwe-ecosystem kwaye ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yelifa lendalo lase-Afghanistan. Ngaphandle kwemigudu ekhawulezileyo yolondolozo, ezi ntlobo zezityalo zisesichengeni zinokunyamalala ngonaphakade, zibangele ilahleko engenakulungiseka kwizityalo nezilwanyana zelizwe.

“Ukulondolozwa kwezilwanyana ezisengozini kungumbandela ongxamisekileyo,” utsho uGqr. Susan Thompson, ophambili ingcali in ulondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle. "Kufuneka sithathe inyathelo lokukhusela iindawo zabo zokuhlala, sinyanzelise amanyathelo achasene nokuzingela, kunye nokwazisa ngokubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo."

“Ukulondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo akubalulekanga nje kuphela ukuze ezi zilwanyana ziphile zisengozini, kodwa kukwachaphazela ulungelelwaniso lwendalo noluntu. impilo, "U wongeza uGqr. Thompson.

Ukukhusela Izilwanyana Ezisengozini

Iinzame zokukhusela izilwanyana eziyingozi eAfghanistan zibaluleke kakhulu. Imibutho yolondolozo, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kwaye urhulumente kufuneka asebenzisane ukuphumeza amanyathelo asebenzayo aqinisekisa ukusinda kwezi ntlobo.

Inyathelo lokuqala kukuchonga nokukhusela iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo apho ezi zilwanyana zisengozini yokuphela zikhula kakuhle. Iindawo zolondolozo, iipaki zesizwe, yaye Oovimba bezilwanyana zasendle zinokusebenza njengeendawo ezikhuselekileyo zezi zilwanyana, zivumela abantu bazo ukuba baphile. Ukongeza, amanyathelo angqongqo achasene nokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe ukhuseleko lwezilwanyana zasendle imithetho ibalulekile ukuthintela ingozi eyongezelelekileyo kwezi ntlobo.

Ukufundisa uluntu ngexabiso leentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye neziphumo ezibi zokuphela kwezilwanyana kubalulekile. Amaphulo okwazisa, iinkqubo zemfundo, kunye ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali inokukhuthaza isenzo kwaye ikhuthaze ukuziva uxanduva ekukhuseleni izilwanyana ezisengozini.

Iintlobo eziseMngciphekweni wokuTshabalala e-Afghanistan

Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela eAfghanistan. Kufuneka amanyathelo angxamisekileyo olondolozo ukuze kukhuselwe kuze kugcinwe iindawo zazo zokuhlala, kuqinisekwe ukuba ziphila kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Iindawo ezikhuselweyo e-Afghanistan

I-Afghanistan likhaya labaninzi iindawo ezikhuselweyo ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo Ulondolozo lwendalo. Le mimandla, nangona ingavunywanga ngokusemthethweni ngurhulumente okhoyo ngoku, inegalelo ekugcinweni kwemixokomelwano yendalo eyodwa kunye iindawo zokuhlala zezilwanyana zasendle.

“Iindawo ezikhuselweyo zibalulekile ukuze kukhuselwe iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo nokuqinisekisa ukuphila ixesha elide kwezilwanyana ezisesichengeni.”

Okwangoku, iAfghanistan ine-15 iindawo ezikhuselweyo, kubandakanywa ipaki yesizwe yoDidi lwe-II kunye noDidi IV lwezilwanyana zasendle okanye iindawo zokugcina iintaka zamanzi. Ezi iindawo ezikhuselweyo zisebenza njengeendawo ezingcwele zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo kunye iintlobo zezilwanyana.

Udidi II Park yeSizwe:

Ekuphela kwePaki yeSizwe yeCandelo II e-Afghanistan yiBand-e-Amir National Park. Ime kwiPhondo laseBamyan, yaziwa ngamachibi ayo amangalisayo kunye neendawo ezintle zomhlaba. Le paki ilikhaya kwiintlobo ezininzi ezisengozini yokuphela, kubandakanya ingwe yekhephu engabonakaliyo kunye ne-Afghan urial.

Udidi lwe-IV lwezilwanyana zaseNdle okanye iiNdawo zokuGcina iintaka zamanzi:

I-Afghanistan ineziThandathu zoDidi IV zoovimba ezikhethelwe ulondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle okanye iintaka zasemanzini. Ezi ndawo zogcino zibonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo zoluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zezityalo kwaye zinegalelo kwintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zelizwe ngokubanzi. Abanye bogcino oluqaphelekayo baquka:

• Indawo yasendle yaseKhoshkak
• ISheway Farming Complex
• Umgxobhozo we-Qargha-Karkar Riverine

Ukongeza kwezi ndawo zogcino, ezinye iindawo ezikhuselweyo e-Afghanistan ziquka imimandla yebhayoloji efana neWakhan Corridor kunye neGhorband Valley. Le mimandla yamkelwa ngokubaluleka kwayo kwi-ikholoji kwaye inegalelo kwiinzame zolondolozo jikelele elizweni.

Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala kolwamkelo olusemthethweni, imida echazwe ngokucacileyo, kunye nolawulo olululo lubeka imingeni ekusebenzeni kwezi ndawo zikhuselweyo ekulondolozeni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kubalulekile ukuba urhulumente okhoyo atyale imali ekomelezeni ulawulo nolawulo lwale mimandla ukuqinisekisa ulondolozo lwazo lwexesha elide.

I-Forest Cover e-Afghanistan

E-Afghanistan, i ihlathi cover ifumaneka ikakhulu kwindawo esempuma yelizwe enemonsoon. La mahlathi, aquka omabini amahlathi enyaniso avuthulukileyo nahlala eluhlaza, akhe anda ukunqumla malunga ne-5% yommandla wonke wase-Afghanistan.

Nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba yi-5% kuphela yamahlathi okuqala anokuba asekho namhlanje. Oku kuncipha okuphawulekayo kwi ihlathi cover iyothusa kwaye ifuna ingqwalasela engxamisekileyo neenzame zolondolozo.

Ukuvula amahlathi, ebezikade zilawula kuwo wonke ama-38% omhlaba wase-Afghanistan, zaziphawuleka kakhulu ngepistachio kunye nemithi yejunipha. Nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo lwemifanekiso yesathelayithi olwenziwa ngo-2002 lwadiza ukuba ukuxinana kwemithi kuye kwaba sezantsi kakhulu ukuba kungabonwa, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba le nkqubo yendalo ikhethekileyo ngoku ikwicala lokuphela.

Ukugcina nokubuyisela ihlathi cover e-Afghanistan ibalulekile kungekuphela nje kwizinto eziphilayo zeli lizwe kodwa nakwiingenelo ezininzi zendalo ezifumaneka ngala mahlathi. Amahlathi anendima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uzinzo lomhlaba, ukulawula imijikelo yamanzi, nokuthintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.

Ukubonisa ubungakanani bokuhla kwehlathi kunye nesidingo esiphuthumayo amanyathelo olondolozo, nalu uthelekiso phakathi kwehlathi lokuqala kunye nemeko yangoku:

Kubalulekile ukuba i-Afghanistan ibeke phambili ukhuseleko kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo zamahlathi. Iinzame kufuneka zigxile ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi amalinge, ezizinzileyo ulawulo lwamahlathi izenzo, kunye nokwazisa ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi ekulondolozeni izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhuthaza uzinzo lokusingqongileyo.

Ukubaluleka kokuLondolozwa kweHlathi

Ukugcina ihlathi eligubungelayo eAfghanistan kunokubaluleka okukhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• 1. UkuLondolozwa kweZityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo: Amahlathi alikhaya leentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, uninzi lwazo olufumaneka kwiindidi ezithile zamahlathi. Ngokugcina amahlathi agqunyiweyo, iAfghanistan inokukhusela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezixhaswa yile ndalo.
• 2. Ukulawula Imozulu: Amahlathi anendima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imozulu ngokufunxa ikharbon diokside nokukhupha ioksijini ngephotosynthesis. Ukukhusela ukugquma kwehlathi kunegalelo ekudambiseni utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokugcina uzinzo kwaye usempilweni indawo.
• 3. Imithombo yaManzi: Amahlathi anceda ukulawula imijikelo yamanzi ngokunciphisa ukubaleka kwamanzi, ukwandisa ukungena kwamanzi, nokugcina umgangatho wokufuma emhlabeni. Ukugcinwa kokhuselo lwehlathi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni unikezelo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo noluthembekileyo.
• 4. Ulondolozo lomhlaba: Amahlathi asebenza njengezikhuseli zendalo kukhukuliseko lomhlaba, akhusela umhlaba wolimo nokuthintela intlenga ekungeneni emilanjeni nakwimithombo yamanzi, nto leyo enokubangela ngco liseko kunye nokuthoba ngakumbi i-ikhosistim.

Ngokubeka phambili ulondolozo lwamahlathi, iAfghanistan inokusebenzela ngakumbi ikamva elizinzileyo, ukukhuthaza imekobume esempilweni nokulondolozwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo ukwenzela izizukulwana ezilandelayo.

Imigxobhozo kunye nobutyebi bamanzi e-Afghanistan

KwiMilambo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo e-Afghanistan, ingakumbi xa kujongwa ubume belizwe. Ezi imigxobhozo ukubonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, ezinegalelo kwinto yonke ukubaluleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo eAfghanistan. Zisebenza njengeendawo ezibalulekileyo zokuzalela, iindawo zokutya, kunye nekhusi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo.

Nangona kunjalo, i izixhobo zamanzi kwezi imigxobhozo baphantsi kwesoyikiso. Imigxobhozo emininzi e-Afghanistan iyoma ngenxa yendibaniselwano yezinto ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokungazinzanga, kunye nedama elinyukayo. ukwakhiwa. Iziphumo zifikelela kude, zibangela ukulahleka kwezityalo, ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, kunye nokusasazeka kwesanti emasimini; imizi, kunye neendlela.

Enye yeempembelelo ezibalulekileyo zokomiswa kwemigxobhozo kukulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Njengoko imigxobhozo iyancipha, iindawo zokuhlala ezizodwa ezixhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ziyanyamalala, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni okanye ekuphulukaneni neentlobo zezilwanyana ezixhomekeke kumhlaba omanzi ukuze ziphile. Le lahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ineempembelelo ezifikelela kude kwi-ikholoji, echaphazela ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo lwe-ikhosistim.

Ngaphaya koko, ukomiswa kwemigxobhozo kukwanegalelo ekunqongophelweni kwamanzi. Imigxobhozo ziinkqubo zendalo zokugcina amanzi ezinceda ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukutshaja kwakhona kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokucoca ungcoliseko. Ilahleko yale migxobhozo ikhokelela ekuncitshisweni kokufumaneka kwamanzi, nto leyo eyenza uluntu lube sesichengeni ngakumbi kwimbalela kwaye kuchaphazele nemveliso yezolimo.

Ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kwimigxobhozo kunye izixhobo zamanzi, kufuneka kuthatyathwe amanyathelo okulondoloza nokubuyisela ezi nkqubo zixabisekileyo zezinto eziphilayo. Oku kuquka ukuphumeza ngokuzinzileyo Ulawulo lwamanzi izenzo, ukukhuthaza ulwazi malunga nokubaluleka kwemigxobhozo, kunye nokuseka iindawo ezikhuselweyo ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kwezi ndawo zokuhlala zibalulekileyo.

Impembelelo yoMsebenzi woMntu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo

Ukwehla kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo e-Afghanistan kubangelwa ikakhulu yimisebenzi yabantu. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo, ukutyisa ngokugqithisileyo, ngco liseko, kwaye i ukwaziswa kweentlobo zangaphandle zonke zibe negalelo ekuthotyweni nasekulahlekeni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo elizweni. Ezi zinto ziphenjelelwa ngabantu zibe neziphumo ezibi kwi-ecosystem ebuthathaka kunye iintlobo zemveli eAfghanistan.

“Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili ilahleko yendalo eAfghanistan. Ukuguqulwa kwe Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo kumhlaba wokulima, ukufudukela ezidolophini, kunye uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo ziye zaqhekeka izinto eziphilayo zaza zashiya iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana,” utsho uGqr. Zia, isazi ngebhayoloji esaziwayo kwiYunivesithi yaseKabul.

Ukutyisa ngokugqithisileyo ngemfuyo, ikakhulu ngenxa yemfuno ephezulu yenyama kunye neemveliso zobisi, ibe nempembelelo enkulu kwizityalo kunye nokukhukuliseka komhlaba. Uxinizelelo olugqithisileyo lwamadlelo lukhokelele ekuwohlokeni kwemihlaba, nto leyo echaphazela ukuphila kweentlobo zezityalo zomthonyama nokuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yendalo.

Ngco liseko ukusuka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukukhutshelwa kwimizi-mveliso, ukuqhutywa kwezolimo, kunye nokulawulwa kwenkunkuma okungonelanga, kungcolise imizimba yamanzi acwengileyo nomhlaba, nto leyo ebeka isoyikiso esibalulekileyo kwizinto eziphila emanzini nakwizinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni ngokufanayo. Ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya kuye kwaphazamisa iindawo zokuhlala zendalo kwaye kwabangela ukuhla kweentlobo ezibuthathaka.

The ukwaziswa kweentlobo zangaphandle iye yabangela umonakalo kwizinto eziphilayo zase-Afghanistan. Izityalo ezihlaselayo kunye nezilwanyana, ezifana nehogweed enkulu kunye ne-red-eared slider turtle, zikhuphisana neentlobo zendalo zobutyebi kwaye zihlala zikhuphisana nazo, ezikhokelela ekubeni Ukufuduswa okanye ukuphela kwezityalo nezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni.

Kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo angxamisekileyo ukujongana nezi zoyikiso nokuqinisekisa ulawulo oluzinzileyo nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yebhayoloji. Ubuchule kufuneka buphunyezwe ukunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, khuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo zokutyisa amadlelo, ukunciphisa ngco liseko, kunye nokulawula ukuqaliswa kweentlobo ezihlaselayo. Ngokwamkela la manyathelo, i-Afghanistan inokugcina intlobo-ntlobo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukileyo kwaye ikhusele ikamva lenkqubo yendalo.

Ubutyebi bamanzi kunye noLondolozo lweZityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo

E-Afghanistan, ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokulawulwa kobutyebi bamanzi zisondelelene. Icandelo lezolimo, elithembele kakhulu emanzini, linegalelo kwisiqingatha se-GDP yelizwe kwaye libonelela ngokuphila kwinxenye enkulu yabemi. Nangona kunjalo, i-Afghanistan ijongene nemingeni efana nale ukunqongophala kwamanzi, ulawulo olulambathayo lwamanzi, kunye nokulahleka komkhenkce, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kobutyebi bamanzi.

Ukujongana nale mingeni nokuqinisekisa ulondolozo lwexesha elide lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokukhusela nokulondoloza imigxobhozo. Imigxobhozo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni inkqubo yendalo impilo, ukubonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo zoluhlu olubanzi lwezityalo nezilwanyana. Zikwasebenza njengezihluzo zendalo zamanzi, ezinceda ekuphuculeni umgangatho wamanzi. Ukugcina imigxobhozo kukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwaye kunceda ekukhuseleni ubutyebi bamanzi.

Omnye umba obalulekileyo wolawulo lobutyebi bamanzi kukukhuselwa kweendawo ezinamanzi. Imimandla yamanzi, imimandla ekhupha amanzi kumlambo okanye ichibi elithile, ibalulekile ekugcineni ubuninzi kunye nomgangatho wemithombo yamanzi. Ukukhusela iindawo ezinamanzi kubandakanya imilinganiselo efana nokutshalwa kwamahlathi, ukulondolozwa komhlaba, kunye ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okuzinzileyo izenzo. Ezi zenzo azincedi nje kuphela ukongiwa kwezinto eziphilayo kodwa zikwanegalelo ekuqinisekiseni ukufumaneka kwamanzi acocekileyo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana zasendle.

Ukuphucula iindlela zolawulo lwamanzi kubalulekile ukugcina ulungelelwaniso oluthambileyo phakathi kobutyebi bamanzi kunye Ulondolozo lwendalo eAfghanistan. Oku kubandakanya ukuphumeza ukugcinwa kwamanzi okusebenzayo kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, ukukhuthaza ubugcisa bokusebenzisa amanzi ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nezenzo, kunye nokwazisa ngokubaluleka kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokuzinzileyo. Ngu ukudibanisa la manyathelo, i-Afghanistan inokunciphisa ukunqongophala kwamanzi, phucula ukhuseleko lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, kwaye ukhuthaze i Uphuhliso oluphathekayo kobutyebi bayo bamanzi.

IQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza

I-Afghanistan iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokukhusela i-biodiversity eyodwa kwaye isebenzela uphuhliso olubanzi IQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza (NBSAP). Esi sicwangciso sijolise ekujonganeni nolondolozo nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zendalo elizweni, sisebenza njengomkhombandlela weenzame zolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo.

I-NBSAP iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhokeleni izenzo zexesha elizayo zokukhusela nokulawula i-ecosystems kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zase-Afghanistan. Iza kuchaza amaqhinga kunye namanyathelo okugcina izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ukunciphisa izoyikiso ejongene nazo kunye nokukhuthaza. izenzo ezizinzileyo ukuze igcinwe.

Uphuhliso lwe-NBSAP lubonisa ukuzibophelela kwe-Afghanistan kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwaye ilungelelaniswa neenjongo zehlabathi zeNgqungquthela yoKwahluka kweBiological (CBD). Ngokuphumeza esi sicwangciso, i-Afghanistan ijolise ekufakeni igalelo kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwinqanaba lesizwe nelamazwe ngamazwe.

"Le IQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza iya kubonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo ebanzi yokukhusela i-biodiversity eyodwa yase-Afghanistan kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuzinzileyo ukuze kuxhamle isizukulwana sangoku nesizayo.”

– UMphathiswa wezeNdalo, eAfghanistan

IiNjongo eziPhambili zeSicwangciso seSizwe seBiodiversity kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza

• Ukuchonga nokukhusela iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo kunye neenkqubo zendalo
• Ukukhuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo zolawulo lomhlaba namanzi
• Ukuphucula iinzame zolondolozo lwezidalwa ezisengozini yokuphela
• Ukomeleza ukuxhotyiswa ngezakhono kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo
• Dibanisa ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo isicwangciso sophuhliso

Iziphumo ezilindelweyo zeSicwangciso seSizwe seZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza

• Ukuphuculwa kolondolozo kunye nolawulo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo
• Ukwanda kokuqonda kunye nokuqondwa kwexabiso lezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo
• Phuculwa ukomelela kwi-ikhosistim kunye neenkonzo
• Intatho-nxaxheba enkulu kunye nokuzibandakanya koluntu lwengingqi
• Igalelo ekuphunyezweni kojoliso lwezityalo nezilwanyana zehlabathi

The IQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza iya kubonelela ngesakhelo esiyimfuneko kunye nezikhokelo zokujongana nemingeni ethile ejongene ne-biodiversity yase-Afghanistan. Ngokuphumeza amanyathelo olondolozo olusebenzayo kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo, i-Afghanistan inokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwexesha elide lelifa lendalo elityebileyo.

isiphelo

I-biodiversity yase-Afghanistan yahluke ngendlela emangalisayo kwaye ixabisekile, kodwa ijongene nezoyikiso ezininzi ezifuna inyathelo elikhawulezileyo lolondolozo nokhuseleko. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala, ukutyiswa okugqithisileyo, ungcoliseko, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu yimiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ijongiwe ukuze kukhuselwe izilwanyana nezityalo ezikhethekileyo zelizwe kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala.

Iinzame kufuneka zigxininise ekuphuhliseni iSicwangciso seSizwe soBuchule beZityalo ezahlukeneyo kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza ukukhokela iinzame zolondolozo ngempumelelo. Ukuseka nokulawula iindawo ezikhuselweyo kubalulekile ekulondolozeni iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo ezikhuselekileyo zezilwanyana ezisesichengeni. Ukongeza, ukukhuthaza okuzinzileyo ulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi izenzo zibalulekile kubomi bexesha elide bezityalo nezilwanyana zase-Afghanistan.

Ngokuphumeza ezi amanyathelo okukhusela, I-Afghanistan inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinzame zolondolozo lwehlabathi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo ezityebileyo ukwenzela ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zincome kwaye zonwabe.

Umthombo amakhonkco

• https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/af/af-nr-05-en.pdf
• https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile?country=af
• https://unama.unmissions.org/biodiversity-day-threat-afghanistan’s-water-sources-spotlighted