Amazwe aPhakamileyo eYurophu ngokuHlelela iZakhiwo

Izakhiwo kwihlabathi jikelele sebenzisa ngaphezulu kwe-25% yamandla ehlabathi, ekhokelela kumandla amakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi. Ukubetha I-Net Zero ngo-2050, kufuneka siphucule amakhulu ezigidi zezakhiwo. Lo ngumsebenzi omkhulu kumazwe aphezulu aseYurophu ukulungiswa kwakhona izakhiwo¹.

The ukwakhiwa Icandelo ngumsebenzisi omkhulu wamandla, elenza i-30% yokusetyenziswa kwehlabathi kunye ne-27% yezinto ezikhutshwayo. Oku kwenza ukusebenza kwamandla e Yurophu kubaluleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo. I-International Energy Agency (IEA) ithi kufuneka Yenza kwakhona ubuncinane i-20% yezakhiwo ezikhoyo ngo-2030. Le yinjongo ephambili yokubuyisela iinkokeli zaseYurophu.¹.

I-Global Retrofit Index inika amazwe amanqaku kwiikhrayitheriya ezili-11. Alikho ilizwe le-G20 elifumana amanqaku kakuhle kubo bonke, ebonisa ukuba kufuneka senze ngcono eYurophu. Nkqu nawona mazwe abalaseleyo aseYurophu anokuninzi ekufuneka akwenzile ukuhlangabezana nokujoliswe kuko kwe-IEA. Amandla anzulu iiretrofits kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa, okwenza izakhiwo zisebenze ngakumbi².

I-European Union ijolise ekubeni yilizwekazi lokuqala elingathathi hlangothi kwimozulu ngo-2050. Le njongo ibangele ukunyuka kwe isakhiwo esiluhlaza amalinge kwaye ukubuyisela inkuthazo⁴. Ukwakha i-retrofitting ngundoqo kule njongo, njengoko kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa. Icandelo lokwakha kwi-EU linoxanduva malunga ne-36% ye Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside⁴.

Uninzi lwezakhiwo ze-EU zakhiwa ngaphambi kwee-1970, kunye ne-66% yazo⁴. Oku kwenza ukuba ukulungiswa ngokutsha kube yimfuneko ukwenza ezi zakhiwo zonge amandla. Umntu waseYurophu Luhlaza I-Deal ijolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa, kunye ne-retrofitting edlala indima enkulu kule nto.

I-EU iceba ukuchitha i-EUR 1 bhiliyoni kwiminyaka elishumi ekwakheni ukulungiswa kwakhona⁴. Le mali iya kunceda ukuphuhlisa amaphulo okwakha okuluhlaza kwaye ukubuyisela inkuthazo. Kuya kukhuthaza izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo kwicandelo lokwakha. Njengoko i-EU ityhala imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu kunye nolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo, indima yokubuyisela ngokutsha iyakukhula.

Ukuqonda isitokhwe sezakhiwo zaseYurophu kunye neEuropean Green Deal's mpe mbelelo kwi-retrofitting kubalulekile. Ibonisa i ukubaluleka of amaphulo okwakha okuluhlaza kwaye ukubuyisela inkuthazo ekufikeleleni kwilizwekazi elingathathi hlangothi kwimozulu ngo-2050⁵.

IJamani inkqenkqeza phambili ekwenzeni izakhiwo zibe namandla ngakumbi. Ijolise ekuhlaziyeni izakhiwo ezidala ukuba zisebenzise amandla amancinci. Urhulumente unikezela ngeemali-mboleko ezinenzala ephantsi kunye nezibonelelo zoncedo⁶. Lo mzamo wehlise ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse nge-2% ngo-2022⁶.

I-Federal Ministry for Economic and Climate Action (BMWK) kunye ne-Federal Ministry ye okusingqongileyo (BMUV) qhuba umgaqo-nkqubo wamandla waseJamani. Bajonge ukusebenzisa ngakumbi umoya ovuselelekayo, njengomoya kunye nelanga⁷. Le njongo yinxalenye yesicwangciso esikhulu sokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-30% ngo-2020.⁷.

Ukuhlaziywa okuwonga amandla kuzisa iingenelo ezininzi. Bacutha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa, kwaye badale nemisebenzi. EJamani, imisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-500,000 yenziwe ngamandla ahlaziyekayo ukusukela ngo-2006.⁷. Nazi ezinye iingenelo eziphambili:

Isishwankathelo, indlela yaseJamani yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngumzekelo omhle kwabanye. Ngokuxhasa uhlaziyo olusebenza ngamandla kunye neeprojekthi zohlaza, iJamani iye yathoba ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kwaye yandisa imisebenzi kunye noqoqosho⁶.

Amazwe aseScandinavia akhokelela ekubuyiseleni ukwakhiwa okuzinzileyo. Denmark, Sweden, kunye Norowe gxininisa kwiindlela ezintsha kunye nezisombululo. Bajonge ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-2020 kunye ne-2050⁸.

ESweden, izakhiwo zisebenzisa i-30% yamandla elizwe kwaye zibangela i-7% yokukhutshwa⁸. Urhulumente ufuna ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ifosili yeefuweli yokufudumeza ngo-2020⁸. I-EU inezakhiwo ezizigidi ezili-110 ezifuna ukulungiswa, kunye ne-35% ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala⁹.

IDenmark ihamba phambili ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo e Yurophu. Igxininisa ukuphuculwa kwe-eco-friendly kunye neendlela ezintsha. Ilizwe lisebenzisa ukufudumeza isithili kunye ne-biofuels ukucutha amandla kunye nokukhutshwa⁸.

I-Sweden lilizwe eliphambili kwi-retrofits yokwakha ezinzileyo. Ijolise ekunciphiseni amandla kunye nokukhutshwa. ISweden isebenzisa ukufudumeza kwesithili kunye ne-biofuels ukunciphisa yayo ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo⁸. I-BREAM isetyenziswe kwi-80% ye-EU-certified izakhiwo ezizinzileyo, ikakhulu e-UK⁹.

INorway iyinkokeli kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo, ngakumbi kwiArctic. Ijolise ekubuyiseleni kwakhona kunye ukuphuculwa kwe-eco-friendly. INorway isebenzisa ukufudumeza kwesithili kunye ne-biofuels ukunciphisa amandla kunye nokukhutshwa⁸. I-EU ijolise kwi-20% ekujoliswe kuyo ekugcineni umbane ngo-2020⁹.

The elamaDatshi ikhokelela ngaphakathi uqoqosho olujikelezayo ukulungisa ngokutsha, kujonge ukunqumla inkunkuma kunye nokunyusa nokuzinza¹⁰. Amakhaya emva kokubuyisela asebenzisa amandla angaphantsi kwama-70-80%.¹⁰. Ilizwe lisebenzisa ikhefu lerhafu kunye nemali-mboleko enenzala ephantsi ukukhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuzinzileyo.

Ukusebenzisa inkuthazo kubonise ukuba kusebenza eNetherlands. Ibeke umgangatho kwamanye amazwe¹¹. Imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu iphinda ixhase ukulungiswa kwakhona okuzinzileyo, kugxininise kumandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa¹².

Ukuhlengahlengiswa koqoqosho lwesetyhula yaseNetherlands kuzisa izibonelelo ezininzi:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci kunye nokukhutshwa
• Kaninzi izinto ezizinzileyo kunye nenkcitho encinci
• Imisebenzi emitsha kunye nokukhula koqoqosho
• Iimeko ezingcono zokuhlala kubahlali

Imodeli yaseNetherlands yokubuyisela kwakhona isibane kwabanye. Ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye neenzame zokuzinza ziye zanciphisa kakhulu amandla kunye nokukhutshwa¹⁰. Njengoko i-EU ityhala izakhiwo eziluhlaza, Indlela yaseNetherlands iya kuba ngundoqo¹².

IFransi iqalise inkqubo enkulu yokubuyisela kwakhona. Ijolise ekunciphiseni intlupheko yamandla kunye nokunyusa uhlaziyo lwasezidolophini. Oku kuhambelana nesakhiwo sohlaza selizwe kunye nezicwangciso zokonga umbane. Le nkqubo ibonelela ngeegranti kunye nemali-mboleko enenzala ephantsi ukunceda abanini bezakhiwo baphucule izakhiwo zabo¹³.

Urhulumente waseFransi ufuna ukwenza amakhaya angama-500,000 abengcono ngonyaka. Bagxininisa ekuncedeni abo baswele kakhulu. Oku kuyinxalenye yesicwangciso sabo sokulwa indlala yamandla kunye nokuxhasa ukukhula okuzinzileyo¹³. Izakhiwo zaseFransi zingumthombo omkhulu wokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, eyenza ngaphezu kwe-25% yazo¹³.

Ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yaseFransi yokubuyisela imeko zezi:

• Iinzame zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa¹³
• Iiprojekthi eziza kwenziwa imizi ngcono kwaye izinzileyo¹³
• Inkxaso-mali kunye nemali-mboleko yokunceda abanini bezakhiwo ngophuculo¹³

Izakhiwo zaseFransi zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi, okwenza i-40% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kweli lizwe. Indawo yonke yezakhiwo ingaphantsi kweebhiliyoni ezi-4 m²¹³. Urhulumente unethemba lokwenza izakhiwo zisebenzise amandla amancinci kakhulu ngo-2050, ejolise kuma-80 kWh/m²/ngonyaka.¹³.

Amazwe aphambili eYurophu asebenzise amacebo akrelekrele ukuphucula izakhiwo zawo. Baseke imigaqo-nkqubo, banika inkuthazo, kwaye bazama iindlela ezintsha zokwakha ngokuzinzileyo. Oku kukhokelele ekucuthekeni okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse. Izakhiwo kwi-EU zisebenzisa i-40% yamandla kwaye zikhupha i-36% ye-GHG ekhutshwayo¹⁴.

Ukuhlaziya izakhiwo ze-EU kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-5%¹⁴.

La mazwe agxile ekusebenziseni itekhnoloji yokonga amandla, njengeenkqubo zophahla lwelanga. Ezi nkqubo zinokucutha iindleko zombane ngama-75%¹⁵. Baphinde babona i-38% yokutsibela imisebenzi eluhlaza ngokusebenzisa uluntu lwamandla¹⁵.

Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa ezinye zeempumelelo zabo:

La mazwe abonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwamandla kakhulu. Baye bakhulisa ukwakhiwa okuzinzileyo kunye nemisebenzi eluhlaza¹⁴.

Uncedo lwemali kunye nenkxaso zingundoqo ekufumaneni abanini bezakhiwo ukuba babuyise iipropati zabo. Esi senzo sinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse. IManyano yaseYurophu ibonelela ngeegranti kunye nenkxaso-mali ukunceda ekuhlaziyeni izakhiwo¹⁶. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abanini ukuba bajongane neendleko eziphezulu zokubuyisela.

Imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu nayo idlala indima, ijolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa¹⁷. Ii-EU's Ukusebenza kwamandla kwiZakhiwo Directive umisela imigangatho yamandla kwizakhiwo. Ikwabonelela ngenkuthazo kubaniniyo ukuba bahlangabezane nale migangatho. I-EU's Recovery and Resilience Facility ixhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zokwakhiwa ngokutsha, ixhasa iinzame zokulungisa ngokutsha¹⁸.

Olunye uncedo oluphambili lwezemali lokubuyisela kwakhona lubandakanya:

• Iigranti kunye nenkxaso karhulumente
• Utyalo-mali lwecandelo labucala
• Iinkqubo zenkxaso-mali ze-EU

Ezi nkuthazo zinceda ekulungiseni izakhiwo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kancinane kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo¹⁶. Injongo ye-EU kukukhuthaza abanini ukuba babuyisele imali. Oku kuxhasa uhlaza, ukonga amandla indawo eyakhelweyo.

Ukuhlaziywa okuwonga amandla zingundoqo kwicandelo lokwakha laseYurophu. Iindlela zokubuyisela ngokutsha eziluhlaza zikhokela indlela kuzinzo. Icandelo lokwakha lijongene ne-35% yezinto ezikhutshwayo ezinxulumene namandla kwi-EU kunye ne-32% yokusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo.¹⁹. Oku kubonisa imfuno engxamisekileyo yezisombululo ezitsha zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa.

I-Smart building teknoloji kunye iinkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo zibalulekile ekubuyiseleni impumelelo. Umzekelo, izinzwa zokuhlola amandla ezindlini zinokuthoba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko²⁰. Ufakelo lwelanga kunye nempompo yobushushu eluphahleni lukwanqumle ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse¹⁹.

Izixeko ezifana neGalway kunye neKrakow zihamba phambili ekubuyiseleni izinto eziluhlaza. Basebenzisa inkqubo yeNetZeroCities²⁰. Oku kujolise ekubuyiseleni kwakhona izakhiwo ngemathiriyeli yasekhaya kunye neteknoloji yokonga amandla. Njengemfuno ye ukulungiswa okuwonga amandla siyakhula, siza kubona izisombululo ezininzi ezintsha.

Ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kwamandla kunye nokubuyisela ngokutsha okuluhlaza kunika izibonelelo ezininzi. Banciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kunye nokugcina iindleko kubanini kunye nabasebenzisi. Njengoko i-EU igxininisa Uphuhliso oluphathekayo kunye nokusika ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, I-tech innovations iya kudlala indima enkulu ekubuyiseleni impumelelo¹⁹.

Imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu zingundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukubuyisela kwakhona kwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. I-European Green Deal ijolise ekukhutshweni kwe-net-zero ngo-2050. Oku kuthetha utyalo-mali olukhulu kwimveliso yohlaza.²¹. Izatifikethi zokusebenza zamandla kunye neekhowudi zokwakha zinceda ukwenza ukubuyisela kwakhona kuzinzile.

Umgaqo wokuSebenza kwamandla kwiZakhiwo (EPBD) ifuna ukucutha ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ngama-60% ngo-2030²¹. Ngo-2021, zonke izakhiwo ezitsha ze-EU kufuneka ziphantse zibe ne-zero-energy²¹. I-BR23 yaseDenmark ijonge ukucuthwa kokukhutshwa kwezinto zokwakha ngama-70% ngo-2030.²¹.

I-40% yezakhiwo kuqoqosho oluphuhlileyo zakhiwa phambi ko-1980²². Injongo kukwenza i-20% yezakhiwo ezikhoyo zero-carbon ngo-2030²². Ukuhlangabezana neethagethi ze-decarbonisation, i-2% yonyaka yokulungiswa okunzulu iyafuneka ukusukela ngoku kude kube ngu-2030.²².

Le theyibhile ilandelayo ishwankathela ezinye zezitshixo imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu kunye neethagethi:

Le migaqo ibonisa indlela ekubaluleke ngayo imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu zezohlaziyo oluluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa i-emissions²¹. Ngokulandela ezi zinto, i-EU inokufikelela kwinjongo yayo yokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo nge-net-zero ngo-2050. Oku kuya kwenza indawo yethu yolwakhiwo izinzileyo ngakumbi.²².

EYurophu, amazwe amaninzi asebenza izindlu zoluntu ukulungiswa kwakhona. Bajolise ekunciphiseni ubuhlwempu bamandla kunye nokukhuthaza Ukuphila okuluhlaza²³. Ezi nzame ziquka iinkqubo zokulungisa ngokutsha, ukuphuculwa kokonga umbane, kunye neendlela ezintsha zokuhlawulela olu tshintsho, njengeprojekthi ye-Opengela. Le projekthi ibonelela ngeemali-mboleko zeminyaka eli-15 kwiintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi²³.

The Izindlu ezifikelelekayo I-Initiative inohlahlo lwabiwo-mali malunga ne-1 yezigidi zee-euro, ezixhaswa ngemali yi-EU. Iye yanceda iindawo ezingama-22 kwiminyaka emibini. Kugxilwe ekwenzeni amakhaya asebenzise amandla ngakumbi kwaye amkele wonke umntu²³.

Izindlu zoluntu zenza malunga ne-8% yazo zonke izindlu kwi-EU. Amazwe afana ne-Austria, iDenmark, ne-Netherlands angaphezulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20%²⁴. Ukufikelela kwi-carbon-neutral building stock ngo-2050, kufuneka sihlaziye amakhaya amaninzi²⁴. Ukulungiswa okunzulu kunokwenza izakhiwo zibe ngcono ukuhlala, impilo, kunye nokusingqongileyo²⁵.

Abanye ababoneleli bezindlu, njenge-Himmerland Boligforening e-Aalborg East, bajonge ukuphucula ubomi kunye nemfundo kubahlali.²³. Malunga ne-25 yezigidi zamakhaya alawulwa yi-Housing Europe, emalunga ne-11% yamakhaya aseYurophu.²³. I-EU ifuna ukuba yi-carbon-neutral ngo-2050, kwaye ukulungiswa kwezindlu zentlalo kungundoqo kule njongo.²⁴. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza kunye nenkuthazo, sinokucutha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa, sincede iplanethi yethu²⁵.

KwiYurophu iphela, iiprojekthi zenguqu kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ziyakhula. Bajolise ekwenzeni izakhiwo zibe namandla ngakumbi kwaye zigcineke. Eli nyathelo lihambelana neenzame ze-EU zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokulwa imo iyatshintsha²⁶.

Izakhiwo kwihlabathi jikelele zingumthombo omkhulu wokukhutshwa kweCO2, kunye ne-39% yazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo ezivela kuzo²⁷. Ukujongana noku, iinkampani ziphucula kwiinkqubo zokuwonga umbane kwaye zijonga iindlela ezintsha zokuxhasa ngemali. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi ye-BUILD UPON inebhajethi ye-€ 2.35 yezigidi kwaye ibandakanya amaBhunga oKwakha okuHlaza avela kumazwe angama-13.²⁶.

Iinzuzo eziphambili zezi projekthi ziquka:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuncinci kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi
• ngcono umgangatho womoya kunye nempilo kubahlali
• Ixabiso eliphezulu lepropati kunye nokhuphiswano
• Ukunceda ekudaleni indawo eyakhiweyo eluhlaza

I-EU ifuna ukubona ukulungiswa okunzulu kwi-3% yezakhiwo minyaka yonke ngo-2030²⁷. Iinkampani kufuneka zamkele ukulungiswa ngokutsha kwezinto eziluhlaza kwaye zenze utyalo-mali kuhlaziyo oluwonga amandla. Ngale ndlela, banokunciphisa ifuthe labo lokusingqongileyo, baphucule umfanekiso wabo, kwaye bancede ukwakha ikamva eliluhlaza.

EYurophu, ukugcinwa kwezakhiwo zembali yinto enkulu. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zijonge ukugcina ezi zakhiwo zimile ngelixa zicutha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Lo mzamo awugcini nje ukusindisa yethu inkcubeko elilifa lethu kodwa ikwanceda nokusingqongileyo.

Izakhiwo ezininzi ezidala eYurophu kufuneka zenziwe ukuba zibe namandla ngakumbi. Malunga ne-20-30% yamakhaya e-UK anexabiso elithile lembali²⁸. Ukwenza ezi zakhiwo zibe namandla ngakumbi ngobuchule ngumceli mngeni omkhulu, kodwa kuyenzeka.

Iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokungabikho kwenzala kubanini yimiqobo emikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho olulula njengokugquma okungcono kunye nokukhanyisa kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu²⁹. Izakhiwo zaseYurophu zisebenzisa malunga ne-40% yawo onke amandla, ebonisa ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukubuyisela³⁰.

Ukulawula imiceli mngeni yokulungisa ngokutsha kubalulekile. Inceda ukugcina imbali yezakhiwo injalo ngelixa isongeza amakhaya amatsha²⁹. Izakhiwo ezidala zijongene nomqobo kuba azange zakhiwe kucingwa ngokonga umbane namhlanje²⁹. Imigangatho efana ne-EN 16883: 2017 kunye neeprojekthi ezifana ne-IEA-SHC Task 59 inceda ukufumana iindlela zokwenza ezi zakhiwo zisebenzise amandla³⁰.

Iiprojekthi zokulungisa ngokutsha zenze umahluko omkhulu, amazwe amaninzi acutha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi³¹. EYurophu, ukwenza izakhiwo zibe namandla ngakumbi ngundoqo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yazo yokusingqongileyo. Malunga ne-40% yamandla e-EU aya kwizakhiwo, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesithathu sezinto ezikhutshwayo ziphuma kuzo³¹.

Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kunokonga ukuya kutsho kwi-80% yamandla kwizakhiwo ezidala³². I-EU ifuna ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ngama-55% ngo-2030. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka umsebenzi omningi ukwenza izakhiwo zibe namandla ngakumbi kwi-EU.³².

Iinzuzo zokulungisa ngokutsha zicacile:

• Amandla amancinci asetyenzisiweyo
• Izinto ezikhutshwayo ezisezantsi
• Umoya ongcono ngaphakathi
• Ixabiso lepropati ephezulu

I-EU ijolise kwizakhiwo ezikhupha i-zero ngo-2050. Oku kubonisa indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kweYurophu.³¹. Ngezicwangciso ezifanelekileyo kunye neteknoloji, sinokwakha ikamva eliluhlaza kubo bonke.

Ikamva lokulungiswa ngokutsha kwesakhiwo linxulunyaniswe noku amaphulo okwakha okuluhlaza kwaye ukubuyisela inkuthazo. Ezi zimiselwe ukukhulisa ukukhula koshishino. Ihlabathi liya ngaku izenzo ezizinzileyo, ukwanda kwemfuno izakhiwo ezonga umbane.

Idatha yamanani³³ ibonisa ukuba izakhiwo zenza i-40% yamandla ehlabathi kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-CO2. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko ukubuyisela inkuthazo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa.

Iindlela ezivelayo ziquka ukusebenzisa ezinye izibaso kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo. Oku kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yesamente ngama-20%³³. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla nako kunokunciphisa iimfuno zombane kwiplanti yesamente ukuya kutsho kuma-30%.³³.

Iinzame zehlabathi jikelele zokutyala uhlaza zifuna i-3.5 yetriliyoni yotyalo-mali, kunye ne-1.5 yetriliyoni yeedola kwiimarike ezikhulayo³³.

Ukubuyisela kwakhona inkuthazo zifuna utyalo-mali lwehlabathi lwe-US$3 yetriliyoni³⁴. I-Global North kufuneka iphindaphinde kathathu imilinganiselo ye-decarbonization ukuya ubuncinane kwi-3% ngonyaka³⁴. Iipotfoliyo zokukhupha ikhabhoni zibiza i-10% -20% ye-AUM, kunye nokwahluka kwinqanaba le-asethi³⁴.

Iofisi yaseMbindi waseLondon ibone ukucuthwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-70% kunye neetoni ezingama-200 zeCO2 yokonga³⁴. Oku kunokonyusa imbuyekezo iyonke ngamanqaku asisiseko angama-225 kwiminyaka eli-10³⁴.

Ikamva lokulungiswa ngokutsha kwesakhiwo liqaqambile, kunye nesidingo esikhulayo amaphulo aluhlaza kunye nenkuthazo. Njengoko ishishini likhula, siza kubona izisombululo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe. Oku kuya kuqhuba ukukhula kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.

Impahla yokwakha yaseYurophu isebenzisa i-40% yamandla e-EU³⁵. Ukwenza izakhiwo zonge amandla ngakumbi ngundoqo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kombane. Ukulungiswa ngokutsha okuluhlaza kuya kuthandwa ngakumbi, kujonge ukuxuba ukonga umbane kunye nokusebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo ekwakheni uhlaziyo³⁵.

Nangona kunjalo, ukulungiswa kwakhona kujongana nemiqobo emininzi. Malunga nezigidi ezingama-34 zabemi baseYurophu abanayo imali yokufudumeza amakhaya abo³⁵. Oku kubonisa imfuneko yokufikeleleka kunye nokufikeleleka ngokulula kokhetho lokubuyisela kwakhona. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezitsha zenkxaso-mali, njenge-EPC, kusenomda kwaye akuncedi kuhlaziyo olukhulu³⁵.

Ukujongana nale miba, oorhulumente kunye namaqela baqalisa iiprojekthi ezintsha. Umzekelo, "iSuperbonus" yaseItali ivumela abantu kunye neenkampani ukuba zenze ulungiso ngoncedo lwemali³⁵. IPalamente yaseYurophu ikwasebenza kwizicwangciso ezinokwenza kube lula ukuba abanini bezakhiwo bahlaziye³⁶.

Ukwamkela i-retrofitting eluhlaza kunye nokulungiswa kokugcina amandla kuzisa iinzuzo ezininzi. Inceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukukhutshwa, kunye nentlupheko yamandla. Kubalulekile ukuhlala uxhasa ezi nzame zokwakhiwa kwemekobume eyonga uhlaza neyonga amandla.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwizakhiwo kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-25% yokukhutshwa kweGHG yehlabathi¹.
• Amakhulu ezigidi zezakhiwo zifuna ukuphuculwa ukuze zifikelele kwi-Net Zero ngo-2050¹.
• I-IEA icebisa ukuba ubuncinci i-20% yezakhiwo ezikhoyo kufuneka zibe ne-energy retrofit ngo-2030.¹.
• Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla anzulu kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa².
• Malunga ne-17.6 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha zemitha yendawo yokuhlala ekhoyo kwi-EU-27, kunye ne-15 yeebhiliyoni ze-m² ezifudunyezwayo.³.
• Amazwe awona mandla asetyenziswa kakhulu ngeenjongo zokuhlala aquka iFransi, iJamani, i-Itali, iNetherlands, iPoland, ne-UK.³.

Ixesha elizayo³⁷ isakhiwo retrofitting eYurophu kubonakala eqaqambileyo. Iqhutywa yinjongo ekwabelwana ngayo yokuzinza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. I-European Union ifuna ukuphinda kabini izinga lokulungiswa kwamandla ngo-2030³⁷. Oku kuya kukhokelela kubuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo eyomeleleyo.

Ukulungiswa kwamandla anzulu kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-60%³⁷. Eli linyathelo elikhulu elisingise kwiinjongo ze-EU zokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni phakathi kwinkulungwane. Kodwa, kufuneka sihlaziye kabini ngokukhawuleza ukufikelela kwezi njongo³⁷. Oku kuthetha ukuba sifuna utyalo-mali oluninzi.

Uncedo lukarhulumente, imali yabucala, kunye nezenzo zomntu ngamnye ziya kuba ngundoqo³⁷. Abanini bezindlu kunye nabaphathi beepropathi banendima enkulu yokudlala. Kufuneka baqaphele okusingqongileyo kwaye baxhotyiswe ukwenza utshintsho. Oku kuya kunceda ukwenza ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lube yinto eqhelekileyo eYurophu.

IJamani, iDenmark, kunye neFransi zikhokela indlela ekulungisweni kwakhona³⁷. Ikamva liza kubona umxube wetekhnoloji entsha, utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokutshintsha kokuziphatha. Oku kuya kutshintsha i³⁸ Indawo yokwakha yaseYurophu kwiminyaka ezayo.

1. PDF - https://www.3keel.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Global_Retrofix_Index.pdf
2. IiModeli zeRetrofit eNzulu: iNdlela yeHlabathi jikelele-I-Hub yokuSebenza koMbane - https://energyefficiencyhub.org/resources/deep-retrofit-models-a-global-perspective/
3. Isitokhwe soKwakha saseYurophu – A Comprehensive Study - https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/138853-europes-building-stock-a-comprehensive-study
4. IziKhokelo eziLula zoLungiso lokuLungiselela iMiyeko kuMazwe aseYurophu- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2408
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6. EJamani-Amandla- https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/germany-energy
7. PDF - https://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/case/cp/cccsummary.pdf
8. PDF - https://formas.se/download/18.462d60ec167c69393b91e53c/1549956093043/Formas_SB11_brochure.pdf
9. Ukusingise kuHlaziyo lweZakhiwo zezeMbali: uPhononongo loNcwadi – https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/8/2/22
10. PDF - https://world-habitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Project-Summary-Energiesprong-The-Netherlands.pdf
11. Amacandelo- https://www.circularity-gap.world/sectors
12. Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo: apho uqoqosho lwesetyhula kunye nemozulu idibana - https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/building-renovation-where-circular-economy
13. PP batiment ehlala eFransi font13 yokugqibela - https://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/PP batiment durable France V08132019_0.pdf
14. ISpanish kunye ne-EU ukulungiswa kolwakhiwo lwamandla | Isishwankathelo somgaqo-nkqubo - https://www.odyssee-mure.eu/publications/policy-brief/spanish-building-retrofitting-energy-efficiency.html
15. Ukucoca Amandla ukusuka kwiGround Up: Uluntu lwaMandla kwiManyano yaseYurophu - https://www.catf.us/resource/clean-energy-ground-up-energy-communities-european-union/
16. Ukujongana nemiqobo ekuxhaseni ngemali ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo: isishwankathelo samanyathelo akhethiweyo e-EU - https://build-up.ec.europa.eu/en/resources-and-tools/articles/eu-initiatives-financing-building-renovation
17. PDF - https://www.eurima.org/uploads/files/modules/articles/1577093388_Eurima-Financing_Mechanisms.pdf
18. Ungasixhasa njani ngemali isicwangciso sokwakhiwa kwe-decarbonisation yeManyano yaseYurophu - https://www.bruegel.org/policy-brief/how-finance-european-unions-building-decarbonisation-plan
19. Ukuhlaziya iYurophu: Ukucinywa kwamathuba kwindawo eyakhelweyo- https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/electric-power-and-natural-gas/our-insights/refurbishing-europe-igniting-opportunities-in-the-built-environment
20. Ukubuyisela kwakhona kungenza njani impilo, izixeko ezihlala ngakumbi? -Imozulu-KIC - https://www.climate-kic.org/news/how-can-retrofitting-create-healthier-more-liveable-cities/
21. Ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza Imigaqo yaseYurophu- https://www.revalu.io/journal/green-construction-in-europe-taxonomy-epbd-and-building-regulations
22. Uhlaziyo olukufutshane ne-20% yesitokhwe sesakhiwo esikhoyo ukuya kwi-zero-carbon-elungile ngo-2030 ngamabhongo kodwa kuyimfuneko - Uhlalutyo - IEA - https://www.iea.org/reports/renovation-of-near-20-of-existing-building-stock-to-zero-carbon-ready-by-2030-is-ambitious-but-necessary
23. Uguquko lwezindlu olufikelelekayo lwaseYurophu: Amandla okukhokela ngomzekelo- https://sustainable-energy-week.ec.europa.eu/news/europes-affordable-housing-revolution-power-leading-example-2025-01-30_en
24. Ukuxhasa ngezimali imbuyekezo enzulu yezindlu zoluntu kunye nendlela ebanzi yobumelwane | Cities Smart Indawo yentengiso- https://smart-cities-marketplace.ec.europa.eu/news-and-events/events/financing-deep-retrofit-social-housing-holistic-neighbourhood-approach
25. Imbuyekezo yezindlu zoluntu: Izifundo zemiba kunxibelelwano lwabahlali - https://www.re-dwell.eu/publications/social-housing-retrofit-case-studies-in-resident-engagement
26. Eyona projekthi yentsebenziswano inkulu yehlabathi isungula ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kwizakhiwo - IBhunga lezoLwakhiwo loHlaza lweHlabathi - https://worldgbc.org/article/worlds-largest-collaborative-retrofit-project-launches-to-cut-emissions-from-buildings/
27. Ukulungisa ngokutsha izakhiwo kunye namakhaya exesha elizayo- https://smartbuildingsmagazine.com/features/retrofitting-the-buildings-and-homes-of-the-future
28. Ukucinga ngokutsha ngokubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala zelifa | Izakhiwo kunye nezixeko- https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/10.5334/bc.94
29. Ukuhlalutya izithintelo eziBalulekileyo zoLungiso lweZakhiwo zeMbali ukuze kuphunyezwe ukukhutshwa kweZiro zeNet - https://openconstructionbuildingtechnologyjournal.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e18748368357448/FULLTEXT/
30. Izisombululo zeRetrofit ezihambelana noLondolozo kwiZakhiwo zeMbali: Indlela eDityanisiweyo – https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/5/2927
31. Ukusebenza koMbane kwiZakhiwo Directive- https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/energy-performance-buildings-directive_en
32. Isahluko 9: Izakhiwo – https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/chapter/chapter-9/
33. Ukwakha okuLuhlaza: Ulwakhiwo oluZinzileyo kwiiMarike ezisakhulayo – https://www.ifc.org/en/insights-reports/2023/building-green-in-emerging-markets
34. PDF - https://www.jll.co.uk/content/dam/jll-com/documents/pdf/research/jll-retrofitting-buildings-to-be-future-fit.pdf
35. Ukukhuthaza uLwakhiwo oluNzulu lweZakhiwo kwi-EU kwi-EU - Fedarene - https://fedarene.org/promoting-deep-renovation-buildings-across-the-eu/
36. Amaza okulungiswa okuluhlaza kwe-EU ajongene nokubuyela umva- https://www.politico.eu/article/eus-green-renovation-wave-faces-backlash/
37. Ukukhawulezisa ukulungiswa kombane kwizakhiwo zokuhlala - indlela yokuziphatha - https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/accelerating-the-energy-efficiency
38. Ithuba kwi-Green Retrofit yaseYurophu | UMorgan Stanley - https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/european-green-deal-buildings