I-Biomaterials kunye neNdawo yazo kuShishino loKwakha

Igama elithile biomatadium isetyenziselwa ukuchaza izinto zokwakha evela kwizinto eziphilayo eziquka izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nokungunda. Ukonyusa ulwazi malunga ne-microbiology kunye nobuchule bebhayoloji yokwenziwa ngoku kuvumela izinto ezintsha zebhayoloji ukuba zingene kwintengiso.

Ne ukwakhiwa ishishini elijongene ne-40% ye-CO2 ekhutshwayo yehlabathi, uxanduva luwela kwishishini ukwenza utshintsho olukhulu ukuphucula nokuzinza. I-biomaterials emitsha iyenziwa kusetyenziswa inkunkuma kunye ne-microbes ukusombulula ezi ngxaki ze-ikholoji, ngamaplanga okanye izinto ezisekelwe kwizityalo ezizinki zekhabhoni. I-biomaterials ephononongwayo ukuze isetyenziswe kwi ishishini lokwakha zahlukene kwaye zahlukene, nganye ijonge ukusombulula ingxaki eyahlukileyo ngaphakathi kushishino.

I-Biomaterials inamandla okubonelela ngezinto zokwakha ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:

• Ukubamba kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni ekhutshwe kwi-atmospheric CO₂ ngephotosynthesis yakutshanje
• Imveliso ezinzileyo njengezityalo ezilinywa ngonyaka okanye njengamahlathi omjikelo omde wokuvuna.
• Biodegradability ekupheleni kobomi. (Ukubola okulawulwayo ngaphakathi kwe-anaerobic digester kuya kuvelisa zombini izichumisi eziphilayo kunye ne-bio-methane ukunika amandla)
• I-Coefficients ephantsi okanye ephantse ibe yi-zero yokwandiswa kwe-thermal
• Ipropati yokulawula ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ngotshintsho lwesigaba samanzi kwiiseli
• Ukusasazwa komphunga ophezulu kunye nokusasazwa komphunga 'weFickian'
• Ngokuqhelekileyo umthamo wobushushu obukhethekileyo
• I-diffusivity ephantsi ye-thermal
• Amaxesha amaninzi imilinganiselo yokusebenza kakuhle ukuya kubunzima
• Ngaphantsi amandla. 

Ikhonkrithi - Ngaba kukho iinketho ezingcono?

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo eyona mathiriyeli isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lolwakhiwo ikwayenye yezinto ezingagcinekiyo. Ikhonkrithi, esebenza njengomqolo uninzi iziseko, ivelisa izixa ezimangalisayo zekhabhoni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngeenxa zonke I-10 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zekhonkrithi ziveliswa minyaka le, ngesamente (into ephambili ekuxubeni ikhonkrithi), ibalelwa kwi-8% yonyaka ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi jikelele, kunye nokusebenzisa malunga ne-10% yamanzi okusela kwihlabathi jikelele, ngokukaDosier.

Ngelixa ikhonkrithi kunye nesamente azikho izinto ezizinzileyo, ishishini lokwakha aliyi kuyeka ukuyisebenzisa ngobusuku. Ukujongana nale nyaniso, kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezikhoyo uyilo kunye nokuvelisa ezinye iindlela kwisamente yemveli esekwe ePortland, kumzamo wokunciphisa mpe mbelelo kwi indawo.

Enye inkampani enjalo Isiseko, abakwinkqubo yokuzisa "ikhonkrithi enokulungiswa" kwimarike ngokufaka iibhaktheriya ezikhethekileyo ezivelisa i-limestone kwikhonkrithi. Xa ibhaktheriya idibana namanzi, njengaxa umswakama ungena kwi-crack, i-spores iyasebenza, ekhokelela ekukhuleni kwezinto ezincinci. Iintsholongwane zebhaktiriya zi ii-extremophiles ezinzima, ekwazi ukunyamezela ubushushu, imbalela kunye nokubanda iminyaka ngaphakathi kwekhonkrithi.

Ngokwandisa ubomi bekhonkrithi, i-Basilisk inokunciphisa inani elipheleleyo lekhonkrithi esetyenziswayo ngaloo ndlela yenza izinto ezizinzileyo. Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu zokuqala zokuziphilisa, Luhlaza I-Basilisk isebenzela ukukholisa ishishini ukuba ukugcinwa kwexesha elide ekugcinweni kufanelekile iindleko.

“Singacutha ukucutheka okuqiniswayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50%. Oko kuya kuthetha ukuba songeza nje iikhilogram ezintlanu ze-Basilisk kumxube wekhonkrithi singonga ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilogram ezingama-30 zamafutha kwi-cubic meter nganye,” utshilo uMarc Brants, umphathi wentengiso kunye neeakhawunti kwifemu. 

Enye inkampani Biomason, inkampani yase-US ekhulisa isamente ngenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo kunye nephantsi Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni. Itekhnoloji yabo ye-biocement ikhula kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ukwakha ngekhabhoni kunye nekhalsiyam ukwenza isamente elawulwayo, eyakhiweyo. Apho i-samente ye-Portland i-calcium-silicate hydrate material ephuma ekuqaleni ekukhululeni i-carbon kwi-limestone ngokufudumeza okunzulu, ikhupha i-carbon dioxide njenge-byproduct. I-Biomason "Biocement" kukubuyisela umva le nkqubo, apho ikhabhoni kunye nekhalsiyam zidityanisiwe ukuvelisa imathiriyeli yekalika eyenziwe ngokwebhayoloji. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukushisa okuphezulu kunye ifosili yeefuweli ayimfuneko kwinkqubo yabo, kwaye izinto zabo zisebenzisa ikhabhoni njengebhloko yokwakha.

I-Mycelium

I-Mycelium yenza inxalenye yesiseko seengcambu zamakhowa kwaye iphinda ihlolwe ngeendlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwicandelo lokwakha.

I-Biohm, inkampani yase-UK, ngoku iphuhlisa i-mycelium-based ukuxhoma Iphaneli. Olona ncedo luphambili lwe-mycelium kukuba inokukhuliswa kwinkunkuma yemveliso yezolimo kwaye iyabola. Kwakhona iqulethe i-chitin, into yokucima umlilo yendalo.

“Into esiyijongileyo kukwakhela phezu kolu luvo lokujikeleza … ukuba besinokubuyisela imathiriyeli, singayiqhekeza size siyibuyisele kwinkqubo yokukhula xa sikhulisa iphaneli ye-mycelium. Le yinto esiyizamayo nayo.”

London practice Blast Studio iphuhlise indlela yoshicilelo lwe-3D ngokuphila mycelium kwaye wayisebenzisa ukwenza ikholamu enokuvunwa amakhowe phambi kokuba usebenze njengento yolwakhiwo. Ikholomu yakhiwa ngokuxuba i-mycelium kunye ne-feedstock yeekomityi zekofu ezilahlekileyo eziqokelelwe kwi-London kunye nokuzondla kwi-extruder ebandayo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, efana nohlobo olusetyenziselwa ukushicilelwa kwe-3D ngodongwe. Blast Studio isebenza ukunyusa iteknoloji ukuprinta a indawo yokuhlala kwaye kwixesha elizayo, inethemba lokwakha ngokupheleleyo izakhiwo. Umseki uPaola Garnousset uthed oku kunokuvumela ngokufanelekileyo imizi ukukhula Zakhiwo ekutyeni kwabo, bebabonelela ngokutya abemi bakhona.

Hemp

UDarshil Shah, owayedlala kwi Isiqendu se-15 sepodcast yaMazwi Akhayo, isebenza kunye ne-hemp njenge-biomaterial. I-Hemp inokubamba i-carbon ye-atmospheric kabini ngokufanelekileyo as amahlathi ngelixa ubonelela nge-carbon-negative biomaterials, kunye nezifundo ezininzi eziqikelela ukuba i-hemp yenye yezona ziguquleli ezilungileyo ze-CO2-to-biomass. I-Industrial hemp ifunxa phakathi I-8 ukuya kwi-15 yeetoni ze-CO2 ngehektare nganye yokulima. Isityalo esikhula ngokukhawuleza sikhule kangangamawaka eminyaka ngenxa yeentsinga zaso, ezazisetyenziselwa intambo, amalaphu kunye nephepha. Namhlanje isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza i-bioplastics, izinto zokwakha kunye ne-biofuels.

Ngo dliwano ndlebe Dezeen, uShah uthi:

"Imicu eyomeleleyo, eyomeleleyo eyenza umphandle wesiqu ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso ze-bioplastic ezibandakanya iimoto kunye neeblayidi zomoya kunye neepaneli zokugquma"

Darshil Shah

"Ngeepaneli ze-hemp bioplastic cladding panels, sifumanisa ukuba ziyindlela efanelekileyo ye-aluminiyam, i-bitumen-plastiki kunye neepaneli zentsimbi, ezifuna kuphela i-15 ukuya kwi-60 yeepesenti zamandla kwimveliso yayo." Ii-shives, eziyinxalenye yenkuni yangaphakathi yesiqu, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza "i-hempcrete", i-infill-bearing-bearing wall infill and insulation material.

I-Hemp isaphandwa njengemathiriyeli yokwakha kwindawo Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute e-US, apho baye baqamba enye indlela yentsimbi rebar eyenziwe kusetyenziswa hemp. Akuyi kunciphisa kuphela ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, bathi iya kuphepha ingxaki yokubola.

Intsimbi iphantsi komhlwa kunye nokurusa, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezifana neebhulorho, iindlela, iindonga zolwandle kunye nezakhiwo kunye neendawo ezikwiindawo ezinetyuwa eninzi, enciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ubomi bayo. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu, i-lass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar ihlala isetyenziswa endaweni, enomgangatho ophezulu. ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukuba kukho umhlwa akusekho nto, iqela kwi Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute kholelwa ukuba ixesha lokuphila kwi-rebars liya kuba njalo ibe ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kunoko kunjalo ngoku. Oku kwanda kubomi benkonzo ke ngoko kuya kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni nangakumbi.

Ngelixa i-hemp rebar yabo iyindlela enokusebenziseka kwiimveliso ezikhoyo ngoku, balindele ukuba itekhnoloji isebenze ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo njengoko iinkqubo zokutsalwa zicocwa kwaye izityalo zikhuliselwa imicu yazo.

Nangona bekukho umdla ekuphuhliseni i-biomatariya entsha yokwakha ixesha elithile, ishishini lokwakha likhuselekile kwaye liqhutywa kakhulu ngamaxabiso, oku kuthetha ukuba ukwamkelwa kuye kwacotha. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwemfuno yabathengi yozinzo kunyuse umdla kolu tshintsho, okukhokelela kukhuphiswano olungakumbi lwezixhobo zokwakha. Funda ngakumbi malunga nezinto ezintsha kunye nezenzo ngaphakathi kwesi sihloko nge uqeqesho lokuzinza Apha.

Zeziphi ezi mathiriyeli oza kuqalisa ukuzisebenzisa kwiiprojekthi zakho?