I-Canada iRecycled kunye ne-Reclaimed Materials Trends

ECanada ukwakhiwa ishishini lifumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo nokuzinza, kunye nemathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo nebuyiselweyo edlala indima ebalulekileyo. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siphonononga iindlela zamva nje, amandla emarike, kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo zokubandakanya imathiriyeli ephinda isetyenziswe kwakhona. iiprojekthi zokwakha. EKhanada ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo Imakethi yemathiriyeli kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) seXX% ukusuka ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2033, ifikelele kwixabiso le-XX yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2033.¹. Oku kukhula kuqhutywa yinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, ukwanda kwemfuno yabathengi, kunye nokukhuthaza utshintsho olulawulayo izenzo ezizinzileyo.

• UmKhanada ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo Imakethi yezixhobo kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo, iqhutywa yinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nenkxaso yolawulo.
• Iimathiriyeli ezisetyenzisiweyo nezibuyiselweyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutshintsheni koshishino ekuzinzeni, kunye nokubanakho ukuthotywa kweCO2 kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.
• Oomasipala ngokubanzi Khanada baphumeza imimiselo yokudilizwa ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokurisayikilisha kwe izinto zokwakha.
• Ukuhlenga kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokwakha kunokuphambukisa isixa esikhulu senkunkuma kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, oko kube negalelo kokungakumbi. uqoqosho olujikelezayo.
• The ishishini lokwakha iphonononga iindlela ezintsha zokubuyisela imathiriyeli, ezinje ngobuchwepheshe bokuhlela obukumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe.

The ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo icandelo eKhanada lijongene nokukhula olomeleleyo, kugxilwe kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo nezibuyiselweyo². Oku kutshintsha ukuya luhlaza ukwakhiwa izenzo kunye ukuhoywa kwendalo iqhutywa lulwazi olukhulayo lwefuthe loshishino kunye nemfuno yezisombululo ezizinzileyo. Abadlali beshishini abaphambili, njengeQela leHolcim, iJohns Manville Corporation, kunye neQela leKingspan, bakhokela intlawulo kolu tshintsho.

Imakethi yaseKhanada yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyiselweyo zisasazwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kunye ne-Ontario kunye neQuebec zivela njengee-hubs zetekhnoloji. ezintsha kunye nemveliso³. Ngeli xesha, iAlberta yaziwa ngobuchwephesha bayo bokuthengisa ngaphandle kwamandla ngaphandle, inegalelo kubume bomhlaba obahlukeneyo. izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo kwilizwe lonke.

Icandelo lobuchwephesha laseKhanada likhule ngesantya sonyaka se-5.3%, livelisa ngaphezulu kwe-CAD 117 yeebhiliyoni.², ebonisa isiseko esomeleleyo sokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwimisebenzi yokwakha ezinzileyo. Njengoko ishishini liqhubeka nokuvela, imfuno yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezibuyiselweyo kulindeleke ukuba zinyuke, ziqhutywa kukwandisa ulwazi lwabathengi kunye namanyathelo karhulumente ajolise ekunciphiseni. ukukhutshwa kwegesi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhoywa kwendalo⁴.

• IQela leHolcim: Umboneleli okhokelayo wehlabathi jikelele kwizisombululo zokwakha ezizinzileyo, obonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyiselwe kwiiprojekthi zokwakha.
• Johns Manville Corporation: Umenzi obalaseleyo we ukuxhoma kunye nezinye iimveliso zokwakha, ezizinikele ekufakeni imathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo kwimigca yemveliso yayo.
• Iqela le-Kingspan: Inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe ejongene nokugquma okuphezulu kunye nezisombululo zemvulophu yokwakha ezinzileyo, inguvulindlela wokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nezibuyiselweyo.

Imakethi yaseKhanada yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyiselweyo zisasazwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kunye ne-Ontario kunye neQuebec ekhokelayo kubuchwephesha kunye nemveliso, ngelixa iAlberta igxile ekuthumeleni amandla ngaphandle.³. Le yantlukwano yengingqi ibonisa ukuzibophelela kwelizwe kwiindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oshishino.

"I-90% yee-CEO zanamhlanje zinika ingxelo yokuzinza kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yenkampani yabo."²

Ukwanga Uvimba nokugcinwa kwaye eco-friendly uyilo ibalulekile ku a ikamva elizinzileyo. EKhanada, ukurisayikilisha nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto zokwakha ezidiliziweyo kunye nokudilizwa (C&D) zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo. Inkunkuma ye-C&D ibalelwa kwinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkunkuma iyonke eyenziwayo elizweni⁵, kunye nokuphambukisa le nkunkuma kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ehambelana nokubola kwenkunkuma.

Ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe imathiriyeli, imfuno ye Uvimba wendalo iyancipha. Umzekelo, ukurisayikilisha ikhonkrithi akunciphisi nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwetiphu kodwa kunciphisa nesidingo sokumbiwa kwemathiriyeli edityanisiweyo entsha.⁵. Iintsimbi ezifana nentsimbi, ubhedu, kunye ne-aluminiyam zixabiseke kakhulu kwaye zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe⁵, ngoxa iinkuni ezibuyiselweyo zidla ngokusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo olutsha, ekwenzeni ifanitshala, kwananjenge-biofuel⁵. Ukongezelela, izitena, ilitye, iglasi ephuma kwiifestile neengcango zinokucocwa zize ziphinde zisetyenziswe kumsebenzi omtsha wokwakha.⁵.

Ishishini lokurisayikilishwa kwakhona lidala imisebenzi kwaye livuselele uqoqosho lwengingqi, linegalelo ekuzinzeni kokusingqongileyo noqoqosho. Imizekelo ephumeleleyo eKhanada ibandakanya i-Evergreen Brick Works eToronto kunye neYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia's Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS), ebonisa ukusetyenziswa ngokutsha kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo.⁵

Nangona kunjalo, imiceli mngeni efana nokungcoliseka kunye nokuguquguquka kwemfuno yentengiso yezinto eziphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kunokuthintela ukusebenza kwemizamo yokuphinda isetyenziswe.⁵. Ukujongana nale miceli mngeni ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuhlela ephucukileyo, iindlela zokusetyenzwa, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho kunokuphucula ngakumbi izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo zezinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe eCanada.⁵.

Imakethi yaseKhanada yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyiselweyo iphawulwa ngothotho lobonelelo oluntsonkothileyo, iipateni eziguqukayo zemfuno, kunye nentsingiselo yamaxabiso aguqukayo. Eli candelo loshishino lokwakha lifumana amandla njengoko bobabini abakhi kunye nabathengi befuna izisombululo zokwakha ezizinzileyo ezihambelana nemigaqo ye uqoqosho olujikelezayo.

Ikhonkco lokubonelela ngezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezibuyiselwe eCanada zibandakanya uthungelwano lweendawo zokudiliza, iindawo zokulungisa, kunye neeprojekthi zokwakha. Iikontraka zokudiliza zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubuyiseni imathiriyeli kwizakhiwo esele zikho, ngelixa iiplanti zokucoca ezikhethekileyo zijongana nokuhlelwa, ukucocwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwezi zixhobo zibe yimveliso esebenzisekayo.⁶. Utyalo-mali olukhethekileyo lwenziwa kwiziseko zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho ukwenza iimarike zezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kwi uqoqosho olujikelezayo imodeli, igxininisa i ukubaluleka yokuxhasa iimarike ezizinzileyo⁶.

Imfuno yemathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo kunye nebuyiselweyo iyahluka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseCanada, kunye neendawo zasezidolophini zibonisa ukuthathwa okuphezulu kweendlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo.⁶. Imodeli yoqoqosho elungelelanisiweyo ebikade ilandelwa ngokwesiko ikwinguquko eya kuqoqosho olujikelezayo, ebonisa utshintsho kwiinkqubo zoqoqosho.⁶. Amanyathelo oqoqosho ajikelezayo anokunceda iCanada idibane ne-16 ye-17 UN Uphuhliso oluphathekayo Iinjongo, ezibonisa impembelelo ebanzi kunye neenzuzo ezinokubakho zokwamkela izenzo ezinjalo⁶.

Iintsingiselo zamaxabiso ezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyisiweyo ziphenjelelwa luluhlu lwezinto, kuquka iindleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada, ubugcisa bokulungisa, kunye nenkuthazo karhulumente.⁶. Ukuhlaziywa ngokufanelekileyo kweebhetri kuvumela ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwezinto ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel, ezinokuthi ke zisetyenziswe ekwenzeni iibhetri ezintsha, zibe negalelo ulondolozo lwemithombo⁶. Iinkqubo zoqoqosho lwesetyhula zinamandla okunciphisa ngco liseko, inkunkuma yamanzi, kunye eziphilayo ilahleko eCanada, iqaqambisa izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nale modeli⁶.

IQela loShishino loShishino lweNkunkuma yaseKhanada libonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma yeenkuni, kubandakanywa nokusila, ukucola, ukugalela ngehamile, kunye nokuhlola ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kwenkunkuma endala.⁷. Iimveliso zokhuni ezisetyenzisiweyo zithengiswa kwiimarike ezintsha ezinje ngokhuseleko lwemihla ngemihla, ukufunxa inkunkuma, ulungiso lomhlaba, kunye nemathiriyeli yolondolozo lwamanzi.⁷. Ukwenziwa ngokutsha kwenkunkuma yeenkuni kubandakanya iinkonzo zokusila eziphathwayo ukuze kusetyenzwe iinkuni ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuze ziphinde zithengiswe kwiimarike ezintsha ezinje ngamaplanga anomlinganiselo, imiqadi, i-siding, ukuhombisa, kunye neekhabhathi.⁷. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweBarnwood kubandakanya amaplanga anomlinganiselo, imiqadi, idimensional, iiplanga, isilingi, iibhodi zodonga, ukuhonjiswa, kunye nezinye iimveliso zokwakha ezifunyenweyo zaze zalungiselelwa ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwiimarike.⁷.

Icandelo lokwakha, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokudilizwa eCanada linikele malunga ne-141 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwimveliso yasekhaya yonke ngo-2020.⁸. Malunga ne-4 yezigidi zeetoni zonyaka wokwakhiwa, ukulungiswa, kunye nokudilizwa kwenkunkuma yenziwa eCanada, inani elinokuba phezulu ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zokulandelela.⁸. Ishishini lokwakha kwihlabathi liphela lisebenzisa malunga ne-30% yempahla ekrwada iyonke ekhutshiweyo kwaye yenza uqikelelo lwe-30% yenkunkuma yehlabathi.⁸. Amanyathelo okuphucula ukujikeleza kwezixhobo zokwakha, ukulungiswa, kunye nokudilizwa kweenkuni eCanada zikhokelwa yimibutho efana neClimate Economy Leadership Canada (CELC), iCanadian Standards Association (CSA) Group, iSetyhula iThuba lokuQalisa iNnovation (COIL), iClimate Smart Building Alliance. , kunye neHabitat for Humanity Canada⁸.

Icandelo lolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lwaseCanada lwamkele uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezibuyiselweyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo yemisebenzi yokwakha⁹. Ikhonkrithi, enye yezona zinto ziqhele ukurisayikilishwa, iyatyunyuzwa kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe njengeaggregate yekonkrithi entsha okanye isiseko sendlela. Iintsimbi ezifana nentsimbi, ubhedu, kunye ne-aluminiyam zixabiseke kakhulu ngokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zifumane ubomi obutsha kwiiprojekthi zokwakha.⁹. Amaplanga abuyiselweyo aye athandwa ngakumbi kulwakhiwo olutsha kunye nokwenza ifanitshala, ngelixa izitena kunye nemathiriyeli eyenziwe ngamatye zihlala zicocwa kwaye ziphinda zisetyenziswe.⁹. Iglasi ephinda isetyenziswe kwakhona ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa, ukusuka kwiimveliso zeglasi entsha ukuya kudityaniswa kwikhonkrithi kunye ne-asphalt, igalelo ulondolozo lwemithombo.

Ukusetyenziswa izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo idlulela ngaphaya kweenketho ezisetyenzisiweyo nezifunyenweyo⁹. Umthi owenziwe ngobunjineli, onjengamaplanga anqamlezileyo (CLT), afumana amandla, kunye neKhowudi yoKwakha yeSizwe yaseCanada ivumela izakhiwo zamaplanga ukuba zifikelele kwimigangatho ye-12.⁹. Ngaphaya koko, izinto ezintsha ezifana nekhonkrithi eluhlaza kunye nezinye izinto ezisekwe kwibhayoloji, kubandakanya umthi, ukugqunywa kweselulosi, uboya beegusha, ukhokho, kunye nehemp, ziyadityaniswa kwiiprojekthi zokwakha kulo lonke ilizwe, ngokukodwa eQuebec.

Ezi zixhobo zokwakha ezizinzileyo azinagalelo kuphela kulondolozo lwezixhobo kodwa zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse.⁹. Ngokomzekelo, ikhonkrithi yayijongene ne-10.8 megatons ye-greenhouse gas emissions eCanada ngo-2017, emele i-1.5% yokukhutshwa kwelizwe lonke.⁹. Ukujongana nale nto, uMbutho weCement waseCanada uqalise amanyathelo afana nesicwangciso se "Concrete Zero", esijolise ekufezekiseni ukukhutshwa kwe-net-zero ngo-2050.

Njengoko ishishini lokwakha liqhubeka nokukhula, ukusetyenziswa kwe isakhiwo esiluhlaza izinto, uyilo eco-friendly, kunye nokugcinwa kwemithombo kuya kubaluleka ekubumbeni ikamva elizinzileyo laseCanada¹⁰. Ne Canada Ulwakhiwo oluZinzileyo IMakethe yeMathiriyeli iqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele kwi-CAGR ye-XX% ukusuka ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2033 kwaye ifikelele kwixabiso le-XX yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2033, ukuzinikela kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo kulindeleke ukuba kukhule kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo.

"Ukulungiswa kweKhowudi yeSizwe yoKwakha yaseCanada ngo-2020 evumela izakhiwo zamaplanga ukuba zithathe amabali ali-12 zibonisa ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweenkuni ezinobunjineli njengento yokwakha ezinzileyo."⁹

Umzi-mveliso wokwakha waseKhanada ubona inkqubela phambili emangazayo kubuchule bokubuyisela izinto eziphathekayo, eqhuba ukukhula kwemarike yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezafunyanwayo kwakhona.¹¹. Iitekhnoloji zokuhlela ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu zixhaswe yi kukubhadla okungeyonyani kwaye yokufunda umatshini baphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwenkunkuma, beqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezininzi ziyaphambukiswa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma¹². Ngaphaya koko, iindlela zokusetyenzwa ziye zavela ukuze zibandakanye ukucocwa okuphucukileyo, ukutyunyuzwa, kunye neenkqubo zohlaziyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwemathiriyeli, evumela iimveliso ezihlaziyiweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.¹¹. Iinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho nazo ziphuculwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli ehlaziyiweyo iyahlangabezana okanye yodlula imigangatho yoshishino, nto leyo ezenza zibe nomtsalane ngakumbi ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezintsha.

Itekhnoloji yokwahlula-hlula-kumagingxi-gingxi iyayiguqula indlela inkunkuma yokwakha isetyenzwa ngayo. Isebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokufunda koomatshini, ezi nkqubo zihambele phambili zinokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zahlule uluhlu lwezinto ezahlukeneyo ngokusebenza ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.¹¹. Olu lwahlulo oluphuculweyo luvumela ukusebenza ngakumbi upcycling kunye nenjongo entsha ye izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwimithombo enyulu.

Iindlela zokulungisa ezisetyenzisiweyo ekubuyiseni izinto eziphathekayo nazo ziye zahambela phambili kakhulu. Ukucoca, ukutyumza, kunye nobuchule obuhlaziyiweyo buphuhliswe ukuphatha uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto, ukusuka kwikhonkrithi kunye ne-asphalt ukuya kwimithi kunye nesinyithi.¹¹. Ezi ndlela zokusetyenzwa eziphucukileyo ziqinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo iyahlangabezana okanye yodlula imigangatho yoshishino, nto leyo ezenza zibe ziindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwizinto zokwakha zemveli.

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo ibalulekile ekwamkelweni kwazo ngokubanzi kushishino lokwakha. Iinkqubo eziphuculweyo zolawulo lomgangatho ziye zaphunyezwa ukuze kuhlolwe ngokungqongqo ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kokurisayikilishwa kunye izixhobo ezenziwe ngokutsha¹¹. La manyathelo okuqinisekisa umgangatho anika iingcali zokwakha ukuzithemba ukuba zibabandakanye izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo kwiiprojekthi zabo, ukuqhubela phambili ukukhula kwe upcycling kwaye izixhobo ezenziwe ngokutsha kwimarike eCanada.

"Inkqubela phambili yeendlela zokubuyisela izinto eziphathekayo iguqula ishishini lokwakha, ivula indlela yoqoqosho oluzinzileyo nolujikelezayo." – Jane Doe, uzinzo Ingcali

Olu tshintsho kubuchule bokubuyisela izinto eziphathekayo bulungele ukuba nempembelelo enkulu kwishishini lokwakha laseKhanada, liququzelela ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. izixhobo ezenziwe ngokutsha, kwaye ekugqibeleni ibe negalelo ekuzinzeni ngakumbi indawo eyakhelweyo¹¹¹²¹³.

Inkqubo yolawulo yaseKhanada ye ukuhoywa kwendalo, ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo iyakhula rhoqo. Oorhulumente bamaphondo, bephondo kunye noomasipala baphumeza uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo nezibuyiselweyo kwiiprojekthi zokwakha kwilizwe lonke.¹⁴.

La manyathelo abandakanya inkuthazo ye isakhiwo esiluhlaza izenzo, imimiselo egunyazisa ubuncinci bomxholo osetyenzisiweyo kwimathiriyeli ethile yokwakha, kunye nokusekwa kwemigangatho yeziqinisekiso zokwakha ezizinzileyo.¹⁴. I-Canadian Standards Association (CSA) kunye impilo ICanada idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusekeni imigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kulwakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imizamo yokuzinza musa ukuyekelela kwimfezeko ye izakhiwo okanye impilo yabahlali¹⁴.

NgoMeyi ka-2021, ukufakwa "kwezinto ezenziwe ngeplastiki" kwiShedyuli 1 ukuya eCanada. Ukukhuselwa kwendalo UMthetho (CEPA) wenze ukuba kuwiswe imigaqo yokulawula iimveliso zeplastiki kubomi bazo bonke¹⁴. Olu tshintsho lomthetho luvule indlela yeSiqulatho esiRecycled esicetywayo seMigaqo yePlastiki eFakelwe izinto ezithile, eza kugunyazisa iipesenti ezithile zesiqulatho esenziwe ngokutsha kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto zeplastiki, kubandakanywa izikhongozeli zesiselo, iibhotile, kunye nezikhongozeli ezingeyiyo ibhotile eyomeleleyo kunye neetreyi.¹⁴.

Ngaphaya koko, upapasho lukarhulumente womanyano lwePhepha leNgxoxo kunye nothethwano olulandela emva koko lufumene inkxaso eyomeleleyo yokusetyenziswa okuphezulu komxholo ohlaziyiweyo wabathengi kwimarike yaseCanada, apho uninzi lweemveliso zeplastiki okwangoku zenziwe ukusuka kwintlaka yokuqala (eyintombi enyulu), ayiphinda isetyenziswe. izixhobo¹⁴. Olu lwalathiso lomgaqo-nkqubo lungqanyaniswa nenjongo yaseCanada yokuba neepakethe zeplastiki eziqulathe ubuncinci be-50% yesiqulatho esenziwe ngokutsha ngo-2030.¹⁴.

Isakhelo solawulo kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo we izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo kwaye ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza izenzo eCanada ziluncedo ekuqhubeleni ishishini ukuya kwelinye ukuhoywa kokusingqongileyo kwixesha elizayo, apho ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziphinde zasetyenziswa kwakhona kungakhuthazwa kuphela kodwa kugunyaziswe kwiindidi ezithile zemveliso¹⁴¹⁵.

Icandelo lokwakha laseCanada linempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe, livelisa i-141 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-GDP ngo-2020.¹⁶. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini likwathatha isinye kwisithathu senkunkuma eyomeleleyo yelizwe, elingana neetoni ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-4 ngonyaka.¹⁶. Ukwamkelwa kwe ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza, izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, kunye uyilo eco-friendly izenzo zinokuba neempembelelo ezinzulu kwezoqoqosho, ezikhokelela kwiinzuzo ezifana nenkunkuma kunye negesi ye-greenhouse ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemveliso, ukomelela kwekhonkco lonikezelo, ukukhula koqoqosho, namathuba emisebenzi¹⁶.

Ngelixa utyalo-mali lokuqala kwi izinto ezizinzileyo kunye nezenzo zinokuba phezulu, ukonga ixesha elide kwiindleko zemithombo kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma luhlala luhlawula ezi ndleko¹⁷. Ukwakhiwa kwesetyhula kunokukhokelela ekubalulekeni ukonga iindleko kuba ababhekisi, abakhi, kunye nabanini bezakhiwo phezu komjikelo wobomi beprojekthi nge Ukunciphisa inkunkuma izicwangciso kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwemathiriyeli¹⁷. Ukongeza, ezi zenzo zinokutsala abathengi abakhathalela indalo ababeka phambili ukuzinza, ukwahlula iifemu zokwakha kwimarike.¹⁷.

Utshintsho oluya kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo ludala amathuba amatsha otyalo-mali kumaziko okurisayikilisha, iiteknoloji zokulungisa izinto ezintsha, kunye neeprojekthi zokwakha ezilungele indalo.¹⁶. Iworkshop enabachaphazelekayo abangaphezu kwe-150 abavela kulo lonke elaseCanada ibonise ukuba i-23% yemibutho iqwalasela imigaqo yezoqoqosho ejikelezayo ngenxa yeemveliso ezintsha, i-17% yokunciphisa umngcipheko, kunye ne-13% nganye kwimithombo entsha yengeniso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.¹⁶. Imifuziselo yoshishino lwesetyhula yoqoqosho kwicandelo lolwakhiwo ibandakanya amagalelo esetyhula, ukubuyiswa kobutyebi, amaqonga okwabelana, imveliso-njengenkonzo, kunye nokwandiswa kokusetyenziswa kwemveliso.¹⁶.

Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lijongene nezithintelo ezininzi, ezinjengolwazi oluncinci lwemigaqo yoqoqosho lwesetyhula, iindleko ezibonwayo zokuqala, ukuqhekeka phakathi kwababoneleli kunye neekontraka, kunye nemigaqo nemigangatho enganelanga.¹⁷. Iinzame zentsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo ziyafuneka ukulungisa le mingeni kunye nokuququzelela ukutshintshela kwiinkqubo zokwakha ezijikelezayo¹⁷.

"I-Circular Economy (CE) iye yanda ukusuka kwi-Industrial Symbiosis ukuba ibe ngumgaqo-nkqubo oyintloko, ucwangciso, kunye nesicwangciso sobugcisa ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibonelelo kunye nokuzinza koluntu."¹⁸

Ubudlelwane phakathi koQoqosho lweSetyhula kunye nedolophu indawo iye yabonakala ngakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nge imizi ukubonwa njengabadlali kunye nabaxhamli bomjikelezo¹⁸. Imibutho ekhokelayo kwiSetyhula yoQoqosho, amaqumrhu ehlabathi, kunye noorhulumente beengingqi baphakamisa imibono apho izixeko ezizayo iya kuba setyhula, ebandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesetyhula ezinjengokwakhiwo¹⁸.

ECanada, iziqinisekiso zokwakha ezizinzileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwe izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza, ukuhoywa kwendalo, yaye uyilo eco-friendly izenzo. Ezi nkqubo zoqinisekiso zibonelela ngesakhelo sokuvavanya kunye nokuqaphela izakhiwo ezibandakanya imathiriyeli kunye neendlela ezizinzileyo, ukuqhutywa kwemfuno yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezibuyiselwe kushishino lokwakha.¹⁹.

Enye yezona zicwangciso ezibalaseleyo zokuqinisekiswa yi-LEED (Ubunkokeli kuMandla kunye Uyilo lwendalo), egxile kwimiba emithandathu ephambili: ukukhetha indawo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi, ukusebenza kwamandla, umgangatho wokusingqongileyo wangaphakathi, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kunye noyilo kunye nenkqubo yoyilo.¹⁹. Enye inkqubo eyamkelwa ngokubanzi yiBOMA BEST (iBuilding Owners and Managers Association Building Standards) evavanye ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezingama-500,000 kwihlabathi jikelele ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-1990.¹⁹.

UMgangatho weSizwe woKwakha okuHlaza (NGBS) kunye noMceli mngeni woLwakhiwo oluPhilayo nazo zifumana amandla eCanada, ngokungqongqo kokugqibela. uyilo oluzinzileyo iimfuno ezibeka ibha eliphezulu kushishino¹⁹. Ukongeza, uMgangatho woKwakha we-WELL unikezela ngamanqanaba esatifikethi esekwe kumanqaku esakhiwo azuzwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zempilo, ukukhuthaza indlela epheleleyo kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo.¹⁹.

Ukuzalisekisa ezi ziqinisekiso, inkqubo ye-Energy Star kunye ne-Greenguard yokuqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuzinikela ukuhoywa kwendalo ngokugxila kwizikhokelo zokusebenzisa amandla kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi imigangatho, ngokulandelelanayo¹⁹.

Ezi ziqinisekiso zokwakha ezizinzileyo aziqhubeli nje ukwamkelwa kwe izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza kodwa ikwakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifumaneka ekuhlaleni, ezivuselelekayo, nezibuyiselweyo, zibe negalelo ngakumbi eco-friendly kunye nokwakhiwa kwesetyhula i-ikhosistim eCanada²⁰.

"Izatifikethi zokwakha ezizinzileyo zizona zinto zikhuthaza ukuguqula ishishini lokwakha, ukubeka ukuhoywa kwendalo entliziyweni yayo yonke iprojekthi. " – UJane Doe, uMcebisi woYilo oluZinzileyo

Icandelo lolwakhiwo lweendawo zokuhlala eCanada liya lisanda ngokwamkela ukusetyenziswa kwe izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, uyilo eco-friendly, yaye ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza izenzo. Olu tshintsho luqhutywa kukukhula kwemfuno yabathengi kumakhaya akhathalele indalo esingqongileyo kunye nokuzibophelela kweshishini lokwakha ekunciphiseni unyawo lwalo lokusingqongileyo.²¹.

Iiprojekthi zokulungiswa kwekhaya eKhanada zibonisa ukhetho lwezinto ezibuyiselweyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Amaplanga abuyiselweyo, izixhobo zentsimbi ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nezinto zokwakha eziphinde zasetyenziswa zisiba lukhetho oludumileyo, zongeza uphawu olulodwa kunye nozinzo kwiipropati zokuhlala.²².

Kwizakhiwo ezitsha zokuhlala, ukudityaniswa kwe izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo iyanda. Udityaniso lwekhonkrithi esetyenzisiweyo, intsimbi esetyenzisiweyo, kunye nezitena ezibuyisiweyo ziya zisanda ukufakwa kuyilo nolwakhiwo lwamakhaya aseKhanada. Iinkqubo ezonga amandla, ezinje ngezo zisebenzisa imathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo, zikwayinto eqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo ezininzi ezitsha, ezinegalelo kuzinzo jikelele lwecandelo lokuhlala.²¹²³.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezi izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo hayi kuphela igalelo kwi ukugcinwa kwendalo yezakhiwo zokuhlala kodwa yongeza ixabiso elikhethekileyo lobuhle, liqhuba umdla wabathengi kunye nokukhula kwemarike²¹²²²³.

"Izinto ezizinzileyo ezifana neenkuni ezibuyiselweyo, intsimbi esetyenzisiweyo, kunye ne-bamboo zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuqina, kunye nokufunxwa kwekhabhoni, okunegalelo kwindawo yokuhlala esempilweni eCanada."

Ishishini lokwakha eCanada liyakwamkela ukusetyenziswa kwe izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza kunye nezenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo kumlinganiselo omkhulu. Izakhiwo zeeofisi, iindawo ezithengisayo, kunye nezakhiwo zemizi-mveliso ziya zibandakanya izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyisiweyo kuyilo lwazo. Ukuguquguquka kunye nokulinganisa kwezi zisombululo zilungele i-eco-friendly kubonakala kulwamkelo lwazo olukhulayo kuwo wonke amacandelo ezorhwebo kunye nezoshishino.

Omnye umzekelo obalaseleyo kukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ehlaziyiweyo, enokufumaneka kwizakhiwo zezakhiwo ezininzi zorhwebo zanamhlanje.²⁴. Ngokufanayo, amaplanga abuyisiweyo sele lukhetho oludumileyo kwiindonga, umgangatho, kunye nefenitshala kwiindawo zeofisi ezifashisayo kunye neevenkile ezithengisa izinto eziphezulu.²⁵. Ukudityaniswa kweeaggregates zekhonkrithi ezisetyenzisiweyo kwakhona kwiziseko nakwizakhiwo nako kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi, kunegalelo kuzinzo olupheleleyo lwezi projekthi.

Ngaphandle kwezixhobo ngokwazo, ulwakhiwo lwezorhwebo lukwabandakanya iinkqubo zokusebenzisa amandla kunye nezisombululo ezizinzileyo zokuphahla. Uninzi lwezi nkqubo kunye nemathiriyeli zenziwe kumxholo ohlaziyiweyo, ngakumbi ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwezi zakhiwo²⁴. Le ndlela ipheleleyo yoyilo oluzinzileyo ibonisa ukuzibophelela kweshishini ekunciphiseni ubukho bekhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza uqoqosho olujikelezayo.

Kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso, iinkampani zifumana iindlela ezintsha zokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwaye kusetyenziswe imijelo eyahlukeneyo yenkunkuma²⁶. Ngokomzekelo, iGreenMantra Technologies, inkampani yaseKhanada, iphuhlise inkqubo yokuguqula iiplastiki zasemva kwabathengi kunye nasemva kwamashishini zibe izongezo ezixabisekileyo kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, kubandakanya uphahla, iindlela kunye nezixhobo.²⁶. Le ndlela yokuvala i-loop ayiphambukisi inkunkuma kuphela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kodwa iphinda idale iimveliso ezintsha, zexabiso eliphezulu eziphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwezinto zokusetyenziswa kokugqibela.

Ukwamkelwa okukhulayo kwe izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza kunye nezenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo kuwo omabini amacandelo ezorhwebo nezoshishino zibonisa ukuzibophelela kweshishini ukuhoywa kwendalo kunye notshintsho olusingise kuqoqosho olujikeleza ngakumbi²⁴²⁶²⁵. Ezi zicelo zintsha zibonisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokubanakho kwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo nezibuyiselwe ukuguqula indawo yolwakhiwo kunye nokuvula indlela yekamva elizinzileyo.

Ishishini lokwakha laseKhanada lihambelana nemigaqo yoqoqosho esetyhula, ukubunjwa ngokutsha kwecandelo ukuze lizinze ngakumbi kwaye lisebenzise izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Ukunciphisa inkunkuma izicwangciso-qhinga zigxile ekucutheni inkunkuma yokwakha kunye nokudilizwa ngocwangciso olungcono, ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili, kunye nokurisayikilisha kwisiza.²⁷. Iikhontrakthi zonyaka zokuthenga zaseToronto zifikelela malunga ne-CAD 2.7 yeebhiliyoni ngexabiso, ezibonelela ngesakhono esibalulekileyo kubaboneleli. ukudibanisa iinkqubo zoqoqosho ezijikelezayo²⁷.

Kwi-2017, i isixeko yeKomiti kaRhulumente yaseToronto icele isicwangciso-qhinga sokuthengwa kweSixeko ukuxhasa ukuchithwa kwenkunkuma ngoqoqosho olujikelezayo²⁷. ICandelo leSetyhula loQoqosho noTshintsho eToronto lilungelelanise iqela elisebenzayo lamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye nabameli abavela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo esixeko, kwaye icandelo leNkunkuma eSolid lenze utyalo-mali lokuqala lokuseka iyunithi entsha yeSetyhula yoQoqosho noTshintsho njengenxalenye yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweSixeko lonyaka.²⁷.

Ukulungiswa kwezibonelelo kubandakanya uyilo izakhiwo zokuqhawula lula kunye nokubuyisela izinto eziphathekayo ekupheleni kobomi babo. Ishishini lamkela iinkqubo ezivaliweyo apho izinto ezivela kwizakhiwo ezidiliziweyo ziphinda zisetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kulwakhiwo olutsha²⁷. Ukusukela oko kwasungulwa iSetyhula yeNkqubo-sikhokelo yokuThengwa kweMpahla, ukuthengwa kweempahla ezininzi kwanikezelwa ukuphonononga iziphumo zoqoqosho ezijikelezayo kwinkqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla.²⁷.

The upcycling of izixhobo ezenziwe ngokutsha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo zibalulekile kumanyano loqoqosho lwesetyhula kushishino lokwakha lwaseKhanada²⁸. Uqoqosho lwesetyhula yeplastiki luya kujolisa ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki okulahlwayo, ukuvelisa iiplastiki kwimithombo evuselelekayo, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iiplastiki ngaphakathi kwezoqoqosho ngaphandle kokuvuza kokusingqongileyo.²⁸.

“Utshintsho oluya kuqoqosho lwesetyhula lujolise ekubambeni ixabiso elithe kratya kwimithombo yendalo kunye nezixhobo, ezixhasayo isenzo semozulu kunye nokudala uqoqosho oluzinzileyo nolunekhabhoni ephantsi kuMntla Merika.”²⁹

Nangona kunjalo, ulwimi loqoqosho olusetyhula alwaziwa ngokubanzi kwimakethi yaseMntla Melika kumacandelo athile enkcitho kamasipala, okunefuthe kwimpumelelo yabaqhubi beentengo zesetyhula.²⁷. Ukulawula imingcipheko kubalulekile xa kusaziswa iikhonsepthi ezintsha ezifana noqoqosho lwesetyhula kwiintengo zeSixeko²⁷.

Ngokubanzi, ishishini lokwakha laseCanada libandakanya iindlela zoqoqosho ezijikelezayo, ukuqhuba upcycling, ukusetyenziswa izixhobo ezenziwe ngokutsha, kunye nokudityaniswa kwe izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo²⁹. Utshintsho oluya kuqoqosho lwesetyhula lujolise ekubambeni ixabiso elingaphezulu kwimithombo yendalo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, ukuxhasa isenzo semozulu kunye nokudala uqoqosho oluzinzileyo, oluphantsi kwekhabhoni eNyakatho Melika.²⁹²⁷²⁸.

Ikamva le ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza kunye nemarike yezinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo eCanada ijongeka ithembisa. Ubungakanani bemakethi yezinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo buxabisa i-USD 225.9 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2023 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele kwi-539.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2031, imele i-11.8% yezinga lokukhula konyaka (CAGR) ngexesha loqikelelo luka-2024-2031.³⁰. Le ndlela yokukhula iqhutywa kukwanda ulwazi ngendalo, imithetho engqongqo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe eguqula ishishini lokwakha.

Imakethi kulindeleke ukuba yandise ngaphaya kwezixhobo zemveli ezisetyenzisiweyo ukubandakanya iimveliso ezintsha ezilungele i-eco-friendly njengezinto ezisekwe kwibhayoloji kunye neecomposites eziphambili.³⁰. Ukudityaniswa kweetekhnoloji zedijithali, ezinje nge-blockchain yokulandeleka kwezinto kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kulawulo oluphuculweyo lwezixhobo, kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe ngakumbi icandelo.³⁰. Olu qikelelo lucebisa ixesha lenguqu elingaphambili kwishishini lokwakha laseCanada, kunye nezixhobo zokwakha ezizinzileyo ezidlala indima ephambili ekusukeleni ngakumbi. ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza kwaye uyilo eco-friendly.

Indawo yokuhlala inegalelo elikhulu kwimakethi yezinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, ibambe isabelo esibalulekileyo ngenxa yemfuno izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi malunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo³⁰. Ukongeza, icandelo langaphandle lifumana ukukhula okukhawulezayo, okuqhutywa yimpembelelo yezinto zokwakha ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nophawu lokusingqongileyo³⁰. Ngemakethi yempahla yokwakha ezinzileyo yaseMntla Melika elindeleke ukuba ikhokele kwisabelo sengeniso, iCanada ikwimeko entle yokufumana imali kule mikhwa isakhulayo kwaye iqinise isikhundla sayo njengenkokeli kwintshukumo yokwakha eluhlaza.³⁰.

1. Izixeko zishumayela i-3Rs yokutshintshwa kwesakhiwo: Sebenzisa kwakhona, uphinde usetyenziswe, phinda usetyenziswe-IiNdaba zoRhwebo zemihla ngemihla- https://canada.constructconnect.com/dcn/news/usa/2024/10/cities-preach-the-3rs-of-building-replacement-reuse-recycle-repurpose
2. I-Composite Cladding: Isisombululo seNkunkuma esiyiZero kwiimvulophu zokwakha zale mihla - https://www.constructioncanada.net/composite-cladding-a-zero-waste-solution-for-modern-building-envelopes/
3. PDF - https://delphi.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/CD-Waste-Diversion-in-Canada-Exec-Summary-Report-Sep-2024.pdf
4. EKhanada Izakhiwo eziluhlaza Isicwangciso-qhinga: Ukuguqula icandelo lezakhiwo zaseKhanada ukwenzela ikamva elingenaziro kunye nelomeleleyo – https://natural-resources.canada.ca/transparency/reporting-and-accountability/plans-and-performance-reports/departmental-strategies/the-canada-green-buildings-strategy-transforming-canadas-buildings-sector-for-net-zer/26065
5. Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwakhona kweMathiriyeli eChithiweyo: Imbono yaseKhanada — iDeconstructors Demolition Inc. – https://www.deconstructors.ca/demolition-services/recycling-and-reusing-demolished-materials-a-canadian-perspective
6. Ukuxhobisa uQoqosho lweSetyhula yaseKhanada – Call2Recycle® | Khanada - https://www.call2recycle.ca/powering-up-canadas-circular-economy/
7. Iimarike zokuSetyenziswa kwakhona kwamaplanga eCanada-CWWR- https://cdnwoodwasterecycling.ca/recycled-wood-reuse/
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9. Izixhobo zokwakha ezizinzileyo - https://renoquotes.com/en/blog/which-sustainable-building-materials-to-use
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13. Uqoqosho lwesetyhula, Ukwandisa ukubuyiswa kwezinto - https://www.eiffage.com/en/environmental-transition/circular-economy-a-key-element-for-eiffage/circular-economy-maximizing-material-recovery
14. Iphepha lemiba yobuchwephesha: Isiqulatho esiphinda sisetyenziswe kwizinto ezithile ezenziwe ngeplastiki. https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/canadian-environmental-protection-act-registry/technical-issues-paper-recycled-content-plastic-manufactured-regulations.html
15. IGazethi yaseKhanada, iCandelo 2, uMqulu we-156, iNombolo 13: IMigaqo yoKwalela iPlastiki yokusetyenziswa kanye- https://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2022/2022-06-22/html/sor-dors138-eng.html
16. UQoqosho lweSetyhula kunye neCandelo lokusiNgqongileyo elakhiwe eCanada- https://circulareconomyleaders.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Accelerating-Circular-Built-Environment-in-Canada-Workshop-Summary-Report-FINAL-1.pdf
17. UQoqosho oluSetyhula kuShishino loKwakha | ConWize - https://conwize.io/articles/circular-economy-in-the-construction-industry/
18. Ukwakhiwa kwesixeko: Ukudilizwa kunye noqoqosho lwesetyhula kwi Vancouver - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9511238/
19. Izatifikethi zoKwakha ezisi-7 ezithetha ukuba isakhiwo sakho sinoZinzo- https://esgthereport.com/7-building-certifications-that-mean-your-building-is-sustainable/
20. Isikhokelo soKwakha esiLuhlaza kwizinto eziZinzo- https://greenbuildingcanada.ca/green-sustainable-materials/
21. IMarike yeMathiriyeli yoKwakha yaseCanada eZinzileyo ngeSicelo- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/canada-construction-sustainable-material-t0zxf
22. Ukwakha ngezinto ezisetyenziswe ngokutsha – https://www.ecohome.net/guides/2404/finding-environmentally-friendly-materials/
23. Izisombululo zeZakhiwo eziLungela i-Eco-Friendly yeeProjekthi zokuHlala – RECONNAISSANCEDESACQUIS – https://reconnaissancedesacquis.ca/sustainable-materials-for-canadian-homes-exploring-eco-friendly-materials-and-their-usage-in-residential-projects/
24. Banga kwakhona iiPlastiki-IsiFundisi sePlastiki yeVancouver yoShishino- https://reclaimplastics.com/
25. Icandelo laseKhanada lokurisayikilisha iinkuni lizibeka kwindawo yokukhula - https://www.recyclingproductnews.com/article/27965/canadian-wood-recycling-sector-positions-itself-for-growth
26. IiNkampani zenza iMveliso yoKwakha kwiMathiriyeli eRecycled- https://www.waste360.com/waste-management-business/companies-make-construction-products-from-recycled-materials
27. Isicwangciso sesetyhula sokuthengwa kwempahla kunye nesikhokelo: iToronto - https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-examples/circular-economy-procurement-implementation-plan-and-framework-toronto
28. PDF - https://institute.smartprosperity.ca/sites/default/files/report-circulareconomy-february14-final.pdf
29. 8017 WCEF setyhula kuMntla Melika_Cover_2021EN – https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/eccc/documents/pdf/circular-economy/north-america-paper/WCEF-Circular-North-America_Report_2021_EN.pdf
30. IMarike yeZixhobo zoKwakha eziZinzileyo 2024-2031 Ingxelo yoPhando – https://www.insightaceanalytic.com/report/sustainable-construction-materials-market/2792