Indima yeBiodiversity ekuBhayiseni ngeZondlo kunye noKhuseleko lokutya
Ngaba uyayazi loo nto eziphilayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuzo zombini ukujikeleza ngezondlo kwaye ukhuseleko lokutya? Ehlabathini apho wethu iinkqubo zokutya ziya zisanda phantsi kwesoyikiso, ukuqonda i ukubaluleka yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zokutya nezolimo zibandakanya zonke izityalo, izilwanyana, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezincinci ezinegalelo ekuboneleleni ngokutya kwethu, ngokunjalo nezityalo. Iinkonzo zendalo ezixhasa imveliso yokutya. Ngelishwa, ingxelo yokuqala yehlabathi jikelele ye-FAO iqaqambise umkhwa onxulumene nokunyamalala kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, nto leyo ebeka isoyikiso esiqatha kubomi bethu. ukhuseleko lokutya.
Le ngxelo idiza ukwehla okuphawulekayo kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, ukunyuka kwamanani emfuyo esemngciphekweni wokuphela, kunye nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo. Ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo iqhutywa ikakhulu lutshintsho kusetyenziso lomhlaba namanzi, ngco liseko, ukuxhatshazwa ngokugqithisileyo, imo iyatshintsha, nokwanda kwabemi.
Ke, kutheni i-biodiversity ibaluleke kangaka ukujikeleza ngezondlo kwaye ukhuseleko lokutya? I-Soil biota, kuquka ibhaktheriya, umngundo, i-arthropods, kunye neengcambu zezityalo, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukujikeleza ngezondlo, ukuchuma komhlaba, nomhlaba impilo. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo emhlabeni zinegalelo kwibhayisekile yekhabhoni kunye nezondlo, ukufunxwa izondlo zizityalo, kunye nokwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Imisundululu kunye neentubi nazo zongeza ubume bomhlaba kwaye ziphucule ukungena komoya kunye nokungena kwamanzi.
Ukomeleza ukhuseleko lokutya ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ibalulekile njengoko iyomeleza i-ikhosistim iinkonzo, ivumela ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye inegalelo kulawulo lwebhayoloji lwezinambuzane nezifo. Imihlaba yezinto eziphilayo ibonelela amafama ngesakhono sokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwawo kwizinto zangaphandle, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukuzimela kwawo nokomeleza ukhuseleko lokutya.
Nangona kunjalo, ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ekutyeni nakwizolimo kubeka ukhuseleko lokutya nesondlo emngciphekweni. Ukunciphisa ukwahlukana kwezityalo kunye nokutya kwasendle iintlobo, kunye nokuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezimbalwa zemveliso yezityalo, kwandisa umngcipheko kwizinambuzane, izifo, kunye neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko lokutya, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza izenzo ezinobuhlobo kwizinto eziphilayo ezifana nezolimo eziphilayo, ulawulo lwezinambuzane ezidibeneyo, kunye ezizinzileyo ulawulo lomhlaba. Ezi zenzo zinciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigalelo langaphandle, ukomeleza ukujikeleza kwezondlo nokuzinza, kunye negalelo kwi imveliso yokutya ezinzileyo.
Kucacile ukuba ulawulo oluluqilima kunye nentsebenziswano ziyafuneka ukuze kwandiswe ukhuseleko lokutya ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Oorhulumente kufuneka bomeleze izikhokelo zomthetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, ngelixa intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, imibutho yabavelisi, abathengi, kunye necandelo labucala, kubalulekile ukujongana. ilahleko yendalo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuqonda kunye nokukhusela i-biodiversity kubalulekile imveliso yokutya ezinzileyo kunye nekamva elomeleleyo lokhuseleko lokutya. Ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo kunye nentsebenziswano, sinako ukuyoyisa imingeni ebangelwa yilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwaye siqinisekise inkqubo yokutya ekhuseleke ngakumbi nezinzileyo kumntu wonke.
Ukuthatha okuQatha:
- Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwibhayisekile yezondlo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya.
- Ukutshintsha kwendlela osetyenziswa ngayo umhlaba namanzi, ungcoliso, ukuxhatshazwa ngokugqith’ emgceni, ukutshintsha kwemozulu nokwanda kwabemi zezona zinto zibangela ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
- Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo emhlabeni zinegalelo kwibhayisekile yezondlo kunye nempilo yomhlaba.
- Iinkqubo ezinobuhlobo kwizinto eziphilayo ezifana nezolimo eziphilayo kunye nolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo luphucula uzinzo lokuhamba ngezondlo.
- Ukomeleza ukhuseleko lokutya ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo yomeleza iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim kwaye inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigalelo langaphandle.
Ukubaluleka kweBiodiversity kwi- Nutrient Cycling
Enye yeendima ezibalulekileyo zeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ligalelo layo kumjikelezo wezondlo, oyimfuneko ekugcineni ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nempilo yomhlaba jikelele. I-Soil biota, kuquka ibhaktheriya, umngundo, i-arthropods, kunye neengcambu zezityalo, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezi nkqubo. Bafaka isandla kwi-carbon kunye ne-nutrition cycling, iququzelele ukufunyanwa kwesondlo zizityalo, kunye nokuxhasa ukubunjwa kwezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba.
Imisundululu kunye neentubi, umzekelo, ngabadlali abaphambili ekuphuculeni ubume bomhlaba, ekwandiseni ukungena komoya womhlaba, nokukhuthaza ukungena kwamanzi. Ngokuphucula i-biodiversity kwizinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, sinokuqinisekisa ukujikeleza ngezondlo ezizinzileyo kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yomhlaba ixesha elide. Oku ke, kuxhasa ukukhula kwezityalo ezisempilweni nezinemveliso, ekugqibeleni kube negalelo kukhuseleko lokutya.
Iinkqubo ezinobuhlobo kwizinto eziphilayo njengolimo oluphilayo, ulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo lwezinambuzane, kunye nolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lufumana amandla. Ezi zenzo zibeka phambili ukugcinwa kunye nokwandiswa kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zezolimo, ukukhuthaza ukujikeleza ngezondlo ezizinzileyo. Ngokunciphisa ukuthembela kumagalelo angaphandle, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso ezenziweyo kunye nezitshabalalisi, kunye nokwamkela iindlela zokulima ngokutsha, singenza ukuqina ngakumbi kwaye imveliso yokutya ezinzileyo inkqubo.
Ukudala iNkqubo yokuLima eLungela izinto ezahlukeneyo zeNdalo
Ukuze ukhuthaze ukujikeleza ngezondlo ezizinzileyo, amafama angasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo:
- Tyala ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo okwahlukeneyo okubandakanya izityalo ezilungisa initrogen ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba ngokwendalo.
- Phumeza iinkqubo ze-agroforestry ezidibanisayo imithi, izityalo, kunye neenkqubo zemfuyo zokuphucula i-biodiversity kunye nebhayisekile yezondlo.
- Khuthaza ubukho bezinambuzane eziluncedo kunye neentaka efama ngokusekwa kweehedgerows, izityalo ezidubula iintyatyambo, kunye ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala.
- Zenza nokugcinwa ukulima kunye nezityalo zokugquma ukuze kuncitshiswe ukhukuliseko lomhlaba nokukhuthaza ukufumba kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Ngokwamkela ezi zenzo, amafama anokwandisa ukukhwela ibhayisikile yesondlo, anciphise iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, kwaye akhe iinkqubo zokulima ezomelelayo ezingathembekanga kangako kumagalelo angaphandle. Ukudityaniswa kwezenzo ezihambelana nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo akuphuculi nje ukukhwela ibhayisekile ngezondlo kodwa kukwaxhasa impilo jikelele kunye nozinzo lwembonakalo-mhlaba yezolimo.
| Iintlobo-ntlobo zeZizinto eziphilayo | benefits |
|---|---|
| Ulimo lwezinto eziphilayo | Ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwizichumisi zokwenziwa kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ukukhuthaza impilo yomhlaba, kunye nokuxhasa Ulondolozo lwendalo. |
| Ulawulo oluHlanganisiweyo lweZinambuzane | Isebenzisa indibaniselwano yebhayoloji, inkcubeko, kunye neendlela zekhemikhali ukulawula izitshabalalisi, ukunciphisa i-ikholoji mpe mbelelo. |
| Ulawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo | Ikhuthaza impilo yomhlaba, iphucula ubume bomhlaba kunye nokuchuma, kwaye iphakamisa umthamo wamanzi kunye nokugcina izondlo. |
Indima Yezinto Ezahlukeneyo Zenzululwazi Ekuphuculeni Ukhuseleko Lokutya
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni ukhuseleko lokutya ngokomeleza iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim, ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibonelelo, kunye nokukhuthaza ulawulo lwebhayoloji kwizitshabalalisi nezifo. Uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezityalo, izilwanyana, kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci kwiinkqubo zezolimo zinegalelo ekomeleleni nasekuveliseni iinkqubo zethu zokutya. Ngokusebenzisa amandla ezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, sinokuqinisekisa ikamva lokutya elizinzileyo nelikhuselekileyo.
Enye indlela engundoqo yokuba i-biodiversity ikhulise ukhuseleko lokutya kungokubonelela ngeenkonzo ze-ikhosistim. Ezi nkonzo ziquka ukuthunyelwa kwepoleni, ukuchuma komhlaba, ukuhluzwa kwamanzi, kunye nolawulo lwezinambuzane. Umzekelo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zitsala uluhlu olubanzi lwee-pollinators, ziqinisekisa ukusasazwa ngempumelelo kunye nokuzala kwezityalo. Ngokufanayo, uluntu olwahlukeneyo lwentsholongwane yomhlaba lunegalelo kumjikelezo wezondlo, ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nokufumaneka kwezondlo ezibalulekileyo zezityalo.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwebhayoloji kwizitshabalalisi nezifo. Iintshaba zendalo ezifana nezinambuzane eziziqwengayo kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci eziluncedo zinceda ukulawula inani lezinambuzane, ukunciphisa imfuno yezibulali zinambuzane. Ngokukhuthaza iindlela ezisebenzisekayo eziluncedo kwizinto eziphilayo ezifana nolawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, amafama angafikelela kulawulo olusebenzayo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ngelixa enciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kumhlaba. indawo kunye nempilo yabantu.
Ulondolozo nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile kukhuseleko lokutya. Ngokukhusela nokwandiswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwiinkqubo zezolimo, sinokwakha ukomelela, siphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo, kwaye siqinisekise ukuzinza kwexesha elide lemveliso yethu yokutya.
Ukubonisa ukubaluleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lokutya, makhe sijonge itheyibhile eqaqambisa iingenelo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yezolimo:
| umba | Iinzuzo zeBiodiversity |
|---|---|
| Ukungcola | Yandisa izivuno zezityalo ngokuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kwembewu ngempumelelo |
| Ukuchuma komhlaba | Ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwezondlo kunye nempilo yomhlaba |
| Abalawuli berhorho | Yehlisa ukuthembela kwimichiza yokubulala izitshabalalisi ngolawulo lwebhayoloji |
| Ukumelana neMozulu | Ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kweenkqubo zezolimo kutshintsho lwemozulu |
| Ubuchule beZixhobo | Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, izondlo, namandla kwezolimo |
Le theyibhile ibonisa ngokucacileyo iingenelo ezohlukeneyo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo. Ngokuqaphela kunye nokusebenzisa ezi zibonelelo, sinokuqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo, elinokuqina, kunye nokhuseleko lokutya.
Ilahleko yeBiodiversity kunye neMpembelelo ekuFumaneni koKutya
Ingxelo yokuqala yehlabathi jikelele nguMbutho woKutya kunye nezoLimo (FAO) iqaqambisa intsingiselo emalunga noku ukunciphisa ukwahlukana kwezityalo kumasimi amafama, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu kubukho bokutya behlabathi. Kwiintlobo zezityalo ezingama-6,000 ezilinyelwa ukutya, zingaphantsi kwama-200 ezinegalelo elikhulu kwimveliso yokutya yehlabathi, ezilithoba kuphela ezibalelwa kwisibini kwisithathu semveliso yezityalo iyonke.
Imiphumo yoku kulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ifikelela kude. Amazwe anikela ingxelo yokuba malunga nama-4,000 eentlobo zokutya zasendle ezincipha kakhulu, ngakumbi kuMbindi noMzantsi Merika nakwiCaribbean. Oku kuncipha kweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ekutyeni nakwizolimo kubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nesondlo, njengoko kwandisa ukuba sesichengeni kwizitshabalalisi nezifo kwaye kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinani eliqingqiweyo leentlobo zemveliso yokutya.
Imveliso yezityalo ephantsi kwaye ukunciphisa ukwahlukana kwezityalo zineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokutya zehlabathi kunye nokuzinza kokutya kwethu. Ukujongana nalo mba, kubalulekile ukuba kuthathwe inyathelo elikhawulezileyo lokukhusela kunye nokulondoloza izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, ukukhuthaza izenzo ezivumelana nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, nokomeleza izikhokelo zolawulo lwemveliso yokutya ezinzileyo.
Ilahleko yeBiodiversity kunye neMpembelelo ekuFumaneni koKutya - Isishwankathelo:
- Ukuncipha kweyantlukwano yezityalo kumasimi amafama
- Ngaphantsi kweentlobo zezityalo ezingama-200 ezinegalelo kwimveliso yokutya yehlabathi
- Iindidi ezilithoba zezityalo zenza isibini kwisithathu semveliso yezityalo iyonke
- Phantse ama-4,000 eentlobo zokutya zasendle ziyehla, ngakumbi eLatin America nakwiCaribbean
- Ukwanda komngcipheko kwizinambuzane kunye nezifo
| Amaphuzu aphambili | Okuthethwa |
|---|---|
| Ukunciphisa ukwahlukana kwezityalo | Ukomelela okusezantsi kwiimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu |
| Ukuxhomekeka kwinani eliqingqiweyo leentlobo | Ukwanda komngcipheko kwizinambuzane kunye nezifo |
| Imveliso yezityalo ephantsi | Umngcipheko kukhuseleko lokutya kunye nesondlo |
“Ukuncipha kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo kumasimi amafama kunye nokuncipha kokutya kwezityalo zasendle ezininzi kubeka umngcipheko omkhulu ekufumaneni kwethu ukutya kunye nokhuseleko. Kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo angxamisekileyo ukukhusela nokulondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ukomeleza imveliso yokutya ezinzileyo, nokuqinisekisa ikamva elomeleleyo leenkqubo zokutya zehlabathi.”
Ilahleko yeBiodiversity kunye neMpembelelo kuZinzo lokutya
Ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ekutyeni nakwizolimo kuneziphumo ezifikelela kude kuzinzo lokutya. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwingxelo ye-FAO, ukunyuka kwamanani emfuyo esemngciphekweni wokuphela kunye noshicilelo lwentlanzi olulotywe ngokugqithisileyo lufak' isandla ekumiseni inkqubo yokutya. Lo mkhwa unokuba neempembelelo ezimbi kakhulu ekufumanekeni nasekuthembekeni kwemithombo yokutya, echaphazela uluntu kunye noqoqosho kwihlabathi jikelele.
UGqr. Maria Helena Semedo, uSekela Mlawuli-Jikelele weFAO, ulumkisa ngelithi: “Ukulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekutyeni nakwizolimo akusongeli nje kuphela ikamva lenkqubo yethu yokutya kodwa kwanendlela yokuphila yezigidi zabantu abaxhomekeke kuzo.
Imizekelo evela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi ibonakalisa ngakumbi iimpembelelo zelahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kubukho bokutya kunye nokuzinza. Ukunyanzeliswa kokuxhomekeka kokunye ukutya okuveliswayo kwimizi-mveliso, utshintsho kuluhlu lweentlobo zentlanzi, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi okukhokelela ekuyekisweni kwezityalo, kunye neempembelelo ezimbi ekuboneleleni ngokutya kwasendle ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu zezinye zeengxaki ekujongwene nazo ngenxa ukunciphisa uzinzo lweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Kubalulekile ukuvuma kunye nokulungisa le iimpembelelo zelahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kuzinzo lokutya. Ngokuphumeza izenzo ezizinzileyo kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezifana nezolimo eziphilayo kunye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezidibeneyo, sinokunciphisa iziphumo ezibi kunye nokwakha iinkqubo zokutya ezomelele ngakumbi. Ukusebenzisana phakathi koorhulumente, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, imibutho yabavelisi, kunye nabathengi kubalulekile ekufumaneni izisombululo ezintsha zokugcina izinto eziphilayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ikamva lokutya elizinzile nelikhuselekileyo.
Ilahleko yeBiodiversity kunye neMpembelelo ekuSetyenzisweni kokutya
Ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ekutyeni nasekulimeni kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kokutya, kuquka isondlo nokhuseleko. Amazwe anikela ingxelo yokuncipha kokufumaneka kweentlobo zokutya zasendle, yaye ama-24 ekhulwini eentlobo zezilwanyana eziphantse zibe ngama-4,000 XNUMX ziye zancipha ngentabalala. Oku kuncipha kokutya okusendle kunokukhokelela ekunqongophelweni okukodwa kwezondlo kunye nokunciphisa ukwahlukana kokutya, okuchaphazela ixabiso lesondlo elipheleleyo lokutya. Ngaphaya koko, ukulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo nako kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya, njengoko ukwanda kwemveliso yezolimo kwimimandla esemagqagaleni kunokukhokelela ekukhuselweni kokutya. ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala kunye nokungcoliseka okunokwenzeka kokutya.
Itheyibhile 6 inika isishwankathelo sempembelelo yelahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ekusetyenzisweni kokutya, kugxilwe kwisondlo nokhuseleko. Iqaqambisa i ukuncipha kokufumaneka kweentlobo zokutya zasendle kunye neziphumo zeziphumo zesondlo sokutya kunye nokhuseleko. Itheyibhile ibonisa ubungakanani bengxaki kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo, igxininisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo iinzame zolondolozo kwaye izenzo ezizinzileyo ukunciphisa ezi ziphumo.
| Ummandla | Ukuncipha koBukho beZidilo zokutya kwasendle (%) | Iimpembelelo eziphambili |
|---|---|---|
| I-Latin America kunye neCaribbean | 30% | Ukunyuka komngcipheko wokunqongophala kwesondlo, ukunciphisa ukwahlukana kokutya |
| iYurophu | 15% | Ukulahleka kwenkcubeko yokutya kwesintu, ukunciphisa ufikelelo kwisondlo esahlukileyo |
| iAfrika | 27% | Ukuchaphazeleka okuphezulu kwizifo zokutya, ukhetho oluncinci lokutya |
| Asia | 20% | Ukutya okungalungelelananga, ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kokutya kwamayeza esintu |
“Ukuncipha kokutya kwezilwanyana zasendle kubeka emngciphekweni amandla ethu okugcina izidlo ezahlukahlukeneyo nezinezondlo. Kubalulekile ukuba sibeke phambili ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ukuze sikhusele ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokhuseleko lwethu.”
Iinzame zokujongana ne ukuncipha kokufumaneka kweentlobo zokutya zasendle kunye nempembelelo yako ekusetyenzisweni kokutya kufuneka ibandakanye intsebenziswano yamacandelo amaninzi. Oorhulumente, imibutho yoluntu, kunye namashishini abucala kufuneka basebenzisane ukuze baphumeze iindlela ezizinzileyo zokukhusela izinto eziphilayo kunye nokukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kweentlobo zokutya zasendle. Kubalulekile ukwazisa abathengi malunga nokubaluleka kweentlobo zezidlo kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwelahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nesondlo sokutya kunye nokhuseleko.
ULimo oluZinzileyo kunye neZenzo eziLungela iZilwanyana zeNdalo
Kukho umdla okhulayo kwiinkqubo kunye neendlela ezihambelana nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwezolimo. Uninzi lwamazwe alubonile ukubaluleka kokuphumeza iindlela ezilungele ukwahluka kwezityalo nezilwanyana ukukhuthaza imveliso yokutya ezinzileyo. Ezi zenzo, ezifana nezolimo eziphilayo, ulawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane, kunye nolawulo oluzinzileyo lomhlaba, lunegalelo ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kwizinto zangaphandle kunye nokuphucula iinkonzo ze-ecosystem. Zikwaphucula ukomelela kweenkqubo zokuvelisa ukutya kunye nokukhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
I-Organic Agriculture ifumana ukuthandwa njengoko iphelisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zokwenziwa kwaye igxile kwiindlela zendalo kunye nezizinzileyo zokulima. Ikhuthaza impilo yomhlaba, i-biodiversity, kunye ibhalansi yendalo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculweni kwebhayisikile yezondlo kunye nezityalo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ulawulo lwezinambuzane oludibeneyo lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezininzi zokulawula izitshabalalisi, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwimichiza yokutshabalalisa izinambuzane. Le ndlela inceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso olusempilweni phakathi kwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kunye nezitshabalalisi zazo zendalo, iqinisekisa isivuno esingcono sezityalo kunye nokunciphisa ubungozi kokusingqongileyo.
Iindlela zokulawula umhlaba ezizinzileyo zijolise ekwandiseni ukuchuma komhlaba, intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kunye nobume. Amafama asebenzisa ubuchule obufana nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo, ukulima izityalo ezigqunyiweyo, kunye nokuhlakula okuncinci ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko, ukuphucula ukungena kwamanzi, kunye nokunyusa umxholo wezinto eziphilayo. Ezi zenzo azigcini nje ukwandisa ukufumaneka kwezondlo kwizityalo kodwa zikwaxhasa ukukhula kwe-microorganisms eziluncedo, iqinisekisa i-ecosystem yomhlaba enempilo kunye nemveliso.
IiNzuzo zeZiqhelo eziLungela iBiodiversity-Friendly
- Ukukhuthaza imveliso yokutya ezinzileyo
- Yehlisa ukuxhomekeka kumagalelo okwenziwa
- Igcina impilo yomhlaba kunye nokuchuma
- Uphucula iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo neenkonzo ze-ikhosistim
- Ukuphucula ukomelela kweenkqubo zemveliso yokutya
Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezivumelana neentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, amafama anokuba negalelo kwimveliso yokutya ezinzileyo ngelixa enciphisa ifuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. Ezi zenzo zixhasa ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, eziyimfuneko ekugcineni inkqubo yokutya esempilweni neyohlukeneyo. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, imibutho yabavelisi, abathengi, kunye necandelo labucala libalulekile ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezi zenzo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ikamva elizinzileyo kwimveliso yokutya.
Indima yoLawulo kunye neNtsebenziswano ekuPhumeleni uKhuseleko lokuTya ngokusebenzisa iBiodiversity
Ingxelo igxininisa indima ebalulekileyo yolawulo nentsebenziswano ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lokutya ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukujongana ngempumelelo nelahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye neempembelelo zayo kwiinkqubo zokutya, amazwe kufuneka aqinise umthetho, umgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nezicwangciso zabo zeziko. Ezi zikhokelo kufuneka zibeke phambili usetyenziso oluzinzileyo kunye nolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ekutyeni nakwizolimo. Ngokuphumeza imilinganiselo yolawulo esebenzayo, kuyenzeka ukuba kukhuselwe kwaye kugcinwe iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ngeli lixa kukhuthazwa imveliso yokutya ezinzileyo.
Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo nayo ibalulekile. Abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo, imibutho yabavelisi, abathengi, icandelo labucala, kunye nemibutho yoluntu kufuneka basebenzisane ukujongana nemingeni eyayanyaniswa nelahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Ngokudibanisa ulwazi lwabo, izibonelelo, kunye nobuchule, aba bachaphazelekayo banokuphuhlisa kwaye baphumeze izicwangciso eziphucula ukhuseleko lokutya ngokusebenzisa i-biodiversity. Ngokukhuthaza intsebenziswano, izisombululo ezintsha zinokufunyanwa, ezikhokelela kwiindlela ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, le ngxelo iqaqambisa imfuneko yokuba oorhulumente, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nabachaphazelekayo baphonononge amathuba okuphuhlisa iimarike zeemveliso ezisebenziseka lula kwizinto eziphilayo. Oku kungadala inkuthazo yezoqoqosho kumafama nakubavelisi ukuba basebenzise iindlela ezilungele ukohluka kwezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Ngokudala imfuno yezi mveliso, iba namandla ngokwasemalini kumafama ukuba atshintshele kwiindlela ezizinzileyo nezilungele ukuveliswa kokutya kwezityalo nezilwanyana.
Lilonke, indima yolawulo kunye nentsebenziswano ayinakubaxa ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lokutya ngokusebenzisa i-biodiversity. Ngokomeleza izikhokelo zolawulo, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo, kunye nokuphuhlisa iimarike zeemveliso ezivumelana neentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kuyenzeka ukulungisa ilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo nokuqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo lokhuseleko lokutya.
Itheyibhile: Imizekelo yabachaphazelekayo kuLawulo lweZityalo ezahlukeneyo kunye neNtsebenziswano
| Umxhasi | indima |
|---|---|
| Abenzi bepolisi | Ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza imilinganiselo yolawulo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo |
| Imibutho yabavelisi | Ukukhuthaza izenzo ezilungele ukungafani kwezityalo nezilwanyana phakathi kwamafama kunye nabavelisi |
| Abathengi | Ukudala imfuno yeemveliso ezisebenzisekayo kwizinto eziphilayo |
| Icandelo labucala | Utyalo-mali kuphando, uphuhliso, kunye nokuveliswa kobuchwepheshe obulungele izinto eziphilayo kunye nezenzo |
| Imibutho yoluntu | Ukukhuthaza ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kunye nemveliso yokutya ezinzileyo |
Umthombo: Ithatyathwe kwingxelo yehlabathi ye-FAO malunga neentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana kukutya nezolimo
Ukubanakho koLwazi lwezeNdalo zoMhlaba kwiiNkqubo zeMveliso yoKutya
Ulwazi lwendalo yomhlaba ibambe amandla amakhulu ngaphakathi ukuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso yokutya. Ukuqonda nolawulo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo zomhlaba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekomelezeni iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim, ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kwigalelo langaphandle, nasekukhuthazeni ukomelela kweenkqubo zethu zemveliso yokutya.
Ngokufaka isicelo ulwazi lwe-ecology yomhlaba, amafama kunye nabasebenzi bezolimo banokwandisa ukuhamba kwebhayisikile yezondlo, ukomeleza ulawulo lwebhayoloji lwezinambuzane nezifo, ukubuyisela umhlaba owonakeleyo, kunye negalelo ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Izenzo ezifana nolimo oluphilayo, ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, kunye nolawulo oluhlanganisiweyo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo zonke zinengcambu ulwazi lwe-ecology yomhlaba kwaye zibonakalisiwe zikhuthaza ukuveliswa kokutya okuzinzileyo ngelixa zinciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo.
Intsebenziswano kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo ngundoqo ekusebenziseni ngokufanelekileyo ulwazi lwe-ecology yomhlaba. Utshintshiselwano lobuchwephesha kunye namava phakathi kwezazinzulu, amafama, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo kunokukhuthaza ezintsha kunye nophuhliso lweendlela ezingqamene nomxholo. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana yenza ukuba kuguqulelwe iziphumo zophando zibe zizisombululo ezisebenzayo, ezisekelwe phantsi ezinceda amafama, zendalo, kunye nokhuseleko lokutya.
“Ulwazi ngendalo yomhlaba lusisiseko ezolimo ezizinzileyo kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwexesha elide kweenkqubo zethu zemveliso yokutya.” – UGqr Jane Miller, iNzululwazi yoMhlaba
Ukuqukumbela, ukusebenzisa amandla olwazi lwe-ecology yomhlaba kubalulekile ukuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso yokutya. Ngokubeka phambili ulondolozo, usetyenziso oluzinzileyo, kunye nokwandiswa kwezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, sinokwenza iindawo zezolimo ezinokomelela kunye nemveliso ezihlangabezana nemingeni yemozulu eguqukayo kunye nokukhula kwabemi behlabathi.
Itheyibhile: Imizekelo yeZenzo zezendalo kumhlaba kunye noncedo lwazo
| Ukuziqhelanisa noMhlaba | benefits |
|---|---|
| Ulimo oluphilayo | Ikhuthaza impilo yomhlaba, inciphisa ungcoliseko lweekhemikhali, kwaye iphucula ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji |
| Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo | Iphucula ukutyeba komhlaba, iphucula ukujikeleza kwezondlo, kwaye inciphisa ukhukuliseko |
| Ulawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane | Yehlisa ukuthembela kwizitshabalalisi, igcina izinto eziphilayo eziluncedo emhlabeni, kwaye inciphisa imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo. |
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, i-biodiversity idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwibhayisekile yezondlo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Ingxelo yokuqala yehlabathi ye-FAO iqaqambisa ukunyamalala kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezixhasa inkqubo yethu yokutya kwaye ibeke isoyikiso esiqatha kukhuseleko lokutya. Le ngxelo idiza ukuhla kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, ukunyuka kwamanani emfuyo esemngciphekweni wokuphela, kunye nokuloba kweentlanzi ngokugqithisileyo. Le mikhwa, iqhutywa lutshintsho kwindlela osetyenziswa ngayo umhlaba namanzi, ungcoliseko, ukuxhatshazwa ngokugqithisileyo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, nokwanda kwabemi, inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwimveliso yokutya yehlabathi kunye nokomelela kweenkqubo zethu zokutya.
Noko ke, likho ithemba. Iinkqubo ezihambelana nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, ezifana nezolimo eziphilayo, ulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo lwezinambuzane, kunye nolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, ziyakhula kwaye zinokuphucula uzinzo lokuhamba ngebhayisikile yesondlo. Ezi zenzo zenza igalelo kwimveliso yokutya ezinzileyo ngokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigalelo langaphandle, ukuqinisa i-biodiversity, kunye nokuphucula iinkonzo ze-ecosystem. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, imibutho yabavelisi, abathengi, kunye necandelo labucala kubalulekile ukukhuthaza nokuphumeza ezi zenzo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.
Ukomeleza ukhuseleko lokutya ngokwahlukana kwezityalo nezilwanyana, ulawulo olomeleleyo nentsebenziswano iyafuneka. Amazwe kufuneka aqinise umthetho, umgaqo-nkqubo, kunye neenkqubo-sikhokelo zamaziko ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokuzinzileyo kunye nolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, imibutho yabavelisi, abathengi, icandelo labucala, kunye nemibutho yoluntu, ibalulekile ukujongana nelahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko lokutya. Amathuba okuphuhlisa iimarike ezininzi zeemveliso ezihambelana nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kufuneka nazo zijongwe.
Ngamafutshane, ukukhusela nokulondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhuthaza izenzo ezivumelana nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, nokomeleza izikhokelo zolawulo ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko okuqinisekisa ikamva elomeleleyo lokhuseleko lokutya. Ngokuthatha inyathelo kunye nokusebenza kunye, singakwazi ukugcina iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezigcina iinkqubo zethu zokutya kwaye sikhusele ikamva elingcono lomntu wonke.
FAQ
Yintoni i-biodiversity kunye nendima yayo kumjikelezo wesondlo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya?
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zokutya kunye nezolimo zibandakanya zonke izityalo, izilwanyana, kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezibonelela ngokutya, ukutya, kunye nefayibha, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezixhasa ukuveliswa kokutya ngeenkonzo ze-ecosystem. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhweleni ibhayisekile yezondlo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya ngokomeleza iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim, ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi ngokufanelekileyo, nokuba negalelo kulawulo lwebhayoloji lwezinambuzane nezifo.
Ilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ikuchaphazela njani ukufumaneka kokutya?
Ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ekutyeni nakwizolimo kukhokelela ekwehleni kweyantlukwano yezityalo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zimbalwa iintlobo zezityalo ezinegalelo elikhulu kwimveliso yokutya yehlabathi. Oku kunciphisa imveliso yezityalo kwaye kubeka ukhuseleko lokutya emngciphekweni ngenxa yokwanda kokuba sesichengeni kwizitshabalalisi kunye nezifo kunye nokuthembela kwiintlobo ezimbalwa zemveliso yokutya.
Zithini iimpembelelo zelahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuzinzo lokutya?
Ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ikhokelela ekunyukeni kwamanani emfuyo esemngciphekweni wokutshabalala kunye nokulotywa kwentlanzi ngokugqithisileyo, nto leyo ephazamisa inkqubo yokutya. Ingakhokelela ekuxhomekekeni ngokunyanzeliswa kokunye ukutya okuveliswe kwimizi-mveliso, utshintsho kuluhlu lweentlobo zentlanzi, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi okukhokelela ekulahlweni kwezityalo, kunye neempembelelo ezingalunganga kubonelelo lokutya lwasendle ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ikuchaphazela njani ukusetyenziswa kokutya?
Ilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kokutya ngokunciphisa ukufumaneka kweentlobo zokutya zasendle. Oku kunokukhokelela ekunqongophelweni okukodwa kwesondlo kunye nokunciphisa ukwahlukana kokutya. Ukwandiswa kwemveliso yezolimo kwiindawo ezisemdeni ngenxa yelahleko yendawo yokuhlala nako kunokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya ngokungcoliseka kokutya okunokubakho.
Ingaba izenzo ezihambelana neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zinganegalelo njani kwimveliso yokutya ezinzileyo?
Iinkqubo ezilungele ukuhlukahluka kwezityalo nezilwanyana, ezifana nolimo oluphilayo, ulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo lwezinambuzane, kunye nolawulo oluzinzileyo lomhlaba, zinciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizinto zangaphandle, ziphucula izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuphucula iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim. Ezi zenzo zenza igalelo kwimveliso yokutya ezinzileyo ngokomeleza uzinzo lokuhamba ngezondlo kunye nokomeleza ulawulo lwebhayoloji lwezinambuzane nezifo.
Ithini indima yolawulo kunye nentsebenziswano ekomelezeni ukhuseleko lokutya ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo?
Ulawulo olomeleleyo kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, imibutho yabavelisi, abathengi, icandelo labucala, kunye nemibutho yoluntu zibalulekile ukujongana nelahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko lokutya. Oku kuquka ukomelezwa kwemithetho, umgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nezikhokelo zamaziko ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokuzinzileyo kunye nolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kunye nokudala inkuthazo kunye nokujongana nezona zinto ziqhuba ilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo.
Yintoni enokubanakho ulwazi lwe-ecology yomhlaba kwiinkqubo zemveliso yokutya?
Ulawulo olunolwazi lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo zomhlaba ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso yokutya. Uqheliselo olugcinayo, lusebenzisa ngokuzinzileyo, kunye nokuphucula ukungafani kwezityalo nezilwanyana zomhlaba lunokuphucula ukujikeleza kwezondlo, ukomeleza ulawulo lwebhayoloji kwizitshabalalisi nezifo, ukubuyisela umhlaba owonakeleyo, kwaye lube negalelo ekuthomalaliseni nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Intsebenziswano kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ulwazi lomhlaba ngokufanelekileyo.
