Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwiNdawo eyakhiweyo

Kwihlabathi jikelele ukwakhiwa i-akhawunti yeshishini I-40% (okanye i-3 billion cubic tons) yemathiriyeli ekrwada kuqoqosho minyaka le. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo lelinye lawona mashishini asebenzisa kakhulu izibonelelo kwaye wonakalisa indalo esingqongileyo ehlabathini. Ngelixa ugxininiso kushishino ngokuyintloko belujikeleze i-decarbonisation kunye nokufikelela kwiindawo ezakhiweyo ze-net-zero carbon, asinakukwazi ukuyihoya. mpe mbelelo ulwakhiwo luyaqhubeka eziphilayo.

Iiprojekthi zokwakha babe namandla, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi babe nefuthe Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo, echaphazela Zasendle kwaye utshale iintlobo. Ukongeza kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, iinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada nazo zichaphazela ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji yendawo.

Ukuphela kwezilwanyana amaxabiso ayenyuka, nge I-28% yezilwanyana nezityalo zehlabathi ngoku zisengozini yokuphela. (2022) Okanye ukuyijonga ngenye indlela, kukho inani elipheleleyo Iintlobo ezingama-42,108 zisengozini yokuphela ngokutsho kweStatista.

Izazinzulu zilumkisa ngokuwohloka okuqhubekayo kweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kunye nesongelo “sokuphela kobunzima besithandathu”. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabemi behlabathi abahlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini kunye nokufudukela ezidolophini kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele kuma-68% ngo-2050, iindawo ezibalulekileyo zomhlaba wendalo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ziyasuswa. Ukudibanisa ukunyuka kwamazinga okutshabalala kunye nokunyuka kwabantu abahlala ezidolophini, imizi zibalulekile ekuzinziseni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

EBrazil, eNtshona Afrika nakuMzantsi Mpuma Asia, sibona imimandla yasezidolophini ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezineziphumo eziyingozi kwizinto eziphilayo. Siyayibona imiphumo e-UK nayo. Ingxelo ka Hayhow et al (2016) ibonise ukuba i-56% yeentlobo zase-UK zehla phakathi kwe-1970 kunye ne-2013, kwaye i-biodiversity e-UK ihamba kakubi kunamanye amazwe amaninzi.

Kutheni iBiodiversity ibalulekile?

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi luhlobo olushunqulelweyo lwamagama amabini “ibhayoloji” kunye “neyantlukwano”. Ibhekisa kuzo zonke iindidi zezinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka eMhlabeni (izityalo, izilwanyana, umngundo kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci) ngokunjalo nakwiindawo ezihlala kuzo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezihlala kuzo.

Yendalo indawo inikeza iimeko ezisisiseko abantu abangenakuphila ngaphandle kwazo. Iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim zizibonelelo ezibonelelwa ngu zendalo. Oku kuquka ukubonelela ngokutya, amanzi, amaplanga, imicu, nemithombo yemfuza; ukulawula iinkonzo ezifana nolawulo lwemozulu, izikhukula, izifo, nomgangatho wamanzi kunye nokucocwa kwenkunkuma; iinkonzo zenkcubeko ezifana nolonwabo, ulonwabo lobuhle, kunye nokuzaliseka ngokomoya kunye neenkonzo ezixhasayo ezifana nokwakhiwa komhlaba, ukuvuzwa, kunye ukujikeleza ngezondlo.

Urhulumente wase-UK ngo-2008 wathi ukuba:

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla buxhomekeke i-ikhosistim kwiinkonzo, kufuneka senze ngakumbi ukubeka phambili intlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwaye sizinike uqwalaselo olulufaneleyo, ukuba sifuna ukuphuhlisa ubomi basezidolophini obuzinzileyo nobunempilo.

Ngelixa kukho amanyathelo angakumbi afunekayo, kukho inkqubela eyenziwayo ekuqondeni ukubaluleka yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nefuthe enalo kwi ishishini lokwakha. Singapore iguqula ngokwayo ibe a “Isixeko EsikwiNdaloOku kuquka ukubuyiswa kweentlobo izicwangciso zeentlobo ezili-100 zezityalo neentlobo ezingama-60 zezilwanyana, yaye intsapho nganye ibe kumgama ohamba imizuzu eli-10 ukusuka epakini. 

IForam yezoQoqosho yeHlabathi isandula ukuphehlelela i IBiodiverCities ngo-2030 inyathelo. NgoMeyi ka-2021, i-UK yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukuzibophelela ekubopheleleni ngokusemthethweni ekujoliswe kuko kubuninzi beentlobo ngo-2030.

Ngo-2019, uRhulumente wase-UK ubhengeze ukuba uphuhliso olutsha luza kufuneka lubonise ukonyuka kwe-10% kwi-biodiversity ukufumana imvume yokucwangcisa. Le "Biodiversity Net Gain" (BNG) yindlela yokuzinzisa kunye nokubonisa ukwandiswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kophuhliso.

Ibandakanya kuqala Ukuphepha nokunciphisa ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kunye nokuzuza iinzuzo ezilinganisekayo ezinegalelo kwingingqi kunye buchule izinto eziphambili ngebhayoloji. Iba ngumthetho ngoNovemba ka-2023.

Ukufumana inzuzo yeBiodiversity-Mamela iGqwetha lezeNdalo lase-UK eliphezulu, uBen Stansfield 

Yiyiphi inkqubela esele yenziwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku?

Ingaba indawo engqongileyo eyakhiweyo ingakhulisa iindawo zokuhlala ezineentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo?

Ukukhuthaza iindawo zokuhlala ezizintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ezinokuthi ziphunyezwe ngokudala amathuba eendawo zokuhlala njengenxalenye yophuhliso olutsha, ukukhusela iindawo zokuhlala ezikwisiza, kunye nokuzama ukuzinxulumanisa nezinye ezikude. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zinokukhuliswa ngokubandakanya uphahla olulinyiweyo, luhlaza iifacades, ecaleni kwendlela imithi, kunye nenkulu izibonelelo eziluhlaza njengeepaki kunye imigxobhozo. Oku kuya kubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala yokuzala, indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya kweentaka, i-pollinators kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Ngexesha lesigaba sokwakha, amacandelo angenziwa ngaphandle kwendawo ukunciphisa inkqubo ephazamisayo kakhulu yezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye zityalo. Xa kuziwa kwiindawo ze-brownfield, ezibonisa i-ecosystems etyebileyo, Ulondolozo lwendalo ibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso.

Abanye abayili bezakhiwo kunye nabacwangcisi basezidolophini bazisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwindawo ephambili yoyilo lwabo. Omnye umzekelo ngulo UStefano Boeri Architetti. Istudiyo sele siguqula le mihla izakhiwo kwizinto eziphefumlayo ukuze zikhule Izityalo nezilwanyana zasezidolophini kwaye ekugqibeleni unciphise imo iyatshintsha.

Basemva 'kwamahlathi athe nkqo' kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya iNanjing, iParis, iMilan, i-Eindhoven, i-Utrecht kunye ne-Antwerp. Kunye emzini, Ihlathi elithe nkqo lifumana a uyilo iteration ukulungisa uyilo olulodwa kuyo Inkqubo yendalo yasezidolophini. ENanjing, izityalo ezikhethiweyo zi zomthonyama kummandla kwaye ikwazi ukufunxa iitoni ezingama-20 ngonyaka weCO2 kwaye ivelise iitoni ezili-10 ngonyaka zeoksijini.

Embindini weMilan, esi sakhiwo siyakwazi ukufunxa iitoni ezingama-30 zeCO2 ngonyaka. Ayigcini nje ngokufunxa i-CO2, ikwavelisa ioksijini, ifunxa uthuli kunye nezinye iidolophu ngco liseko, kwaye izakhiwo zineephaneli ze-photovoltaic eziphezu kophahla, ngelixa i-greywater iphinda isetyenziswe njengokunkcenkceshela kwizityalo. 

Isincomo esifundwayo:

Yintoni iBiodiversity Net Gain & Ithetha ukuthini iBNG kwiNdawo