I-Biodiversity yaseBulgaria: Iintlobo zezilwanyana kunye neZityalo kunye nento ephantsi koMngcipheko
IBulgaria yaziwa ngokuba zizityebi eziphilayo, ebandakanya imimandla emithathu ye-bio-geographic: ialpine, unxweme, kunye nelizwekazi. Ezi ndawo zokuhlala zahlukeneyo zixhasa uluhlu olubanzi lwezilwanyana kunye nezityalo iintlobo, okwenza iBulgaria ibe yindawo ethandwa kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku ilifa lemveli nalo lucelomngeni. Iintlobo ezizodwa kunye neendawo zokuhlala eBulgaria zijongene nezoyikiso ezahlukeneyo ezifuna ngokukhawuleza iinzame zolondolozo ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwabo.
- I-biodiversity yaseBulgaria ixhaswa yimimandla yayo emithathu ye-bio-geographic: i-alpine, unxweme kunye nelizwekazi.
- Ilizwe liqhayisa ngeentlobo zeendawo zokuhlala ezingama-977, kwaye ezingama-96 zizodwa eBulgaria.
- Inethiwekhi yeNatura 2000 igubungela malunga ne-34% yendawo yaseBulgaria, ikhusela iipaki zelizwe, indalo iipaki, iindawo zokugcina, kunye nezinye iindawo.
- IBulgaria inamandla umthetho wokusingqongileyo kwaye ithatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yenkxaso-mali ye-EU ukwenzela uphuhliso lwemo engqongileyo namaphandle.
- Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yabantu ibeka isoyikiso esibalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo zaseBulgaria, kuquka ukugawulwa kwemithi kunye ukwakhiwa kwiipaki zesizwe.
Njengoko indalo yaseBulgaria ijongene nale mingeni, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili nokugcinwa imizamo. Amanyathelo afana nokubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni kunye nemigxobhozo kunye nokukhuselwa kwe izilwanyana eziyingozi njengeeDanube sturgeon zibalulekile ekulondolozeni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zeli lizwe. Ngaphezu koko, intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko, iingcali zokusingqongileyo, kunye noluntu luyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwilifa lemveli laseBulgaria kunye nokulondoloza ngokufanelekileyo i-biodiversity yayo.
Imimandla emithathu yeBio-geographic yaseBulgaria
Imimandla ye-bio-geographic yaseBulgaria, kuquka ialpine, unxweme, kunye nelizwekazi, inegalelo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zelizwe. Zasendle. Ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo zejografi kunye neemeko zemozulu, le mimandla ibonelela ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala ezixhasa iindidi ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana.
Kummandla weentaba, oquka iintaba zeRila kunye nePirin, iindwendwe zinokubona ubuhle obumangalisayo beendawo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo, amachibi acwebileyo, kunye namahlathi amandulo. Le ndawo ilikhaya iintlobo ezinqabileyo njengeeChamois zaseBalkan kunye nekhephu, izidalwa eziziqhelanisa ngokugqibeleleyo neentaba ezirhabaxa indawo.
Ummandla ongaselunxwemeni, ugudla unxweme loLwandle Olumnyama, ubonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo. iilwandle Sandy, lagoons, kunye imigxobhozo dala iimeko ezifanelekileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentaka, kubandakanya i-Dalmatian pelican esengozini kunye ne-egret enkulu emhlophe. Ikwangumhlaba obalulekileyo ozalela iifudo zaselwandle, ezifana neloggerhead kunye luhlaza ufudo.
Ekugqibeleni, ummandla welizwekazi, ogubungela amathafa amakhulu neentlambo zemilambo yaseBulgaria, uxhasa iindidi ngeendidi zeentaba. Izityalo nezilwanyana. Apha, unokufumana amahlathi ashinyeneyo, umhlaba weefama ochumileyo, kunye nemimandla emanzi ebonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo zezidalwa ezifana nebhere elimdaka, i-wildcat yaseYurophu, kunye nokhozi lwasebukhosini.
Le mimandla ye-bio-geographic ayibonisi nje ubuhle bendalo beBulgaria kodwa idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni i-biodiversity yelizwe. Ngokugcina nokukhusela ezi ndawo zokuhlala zahlukeneyo, sinokuqinisekisa ubukho beentlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Iintlobo zeeNdawo eziZodwa eBulgaria
IBulgaria inoluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zeendawo zokuhlala, kubandakanya ezingama-96 ezikhethekileyo kweli lizwe kwaye zibonelela ngokubalulekileyo. zendalo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ezi ndawo zokuhlala zizodwa zinegalelo elikhulu kubutyebi bezityalo nezilwanyana zelizwe kwaye zibalulekile ekuphileni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezihlala zikho.
Enye indawo yokuhlala ikhethekileyo yiStrandzha Nature Park, ekumzantsi-mpuma weBulgaria. Ngamahlathi ayo amandulo, imilambo ecocekileyo, kunye nemigxobhozo eselunxwemeni, le paki i indawo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kunye nekhaya kwiintlobo ezininzi ezinqabileyo nezisengozini, kuquka i-squirrel yaseYurophu kunye ne-European tree frog.
Ukongezelela, iRila National Park, emi kumbindi welizwe, yenye indawo yokuhlala ebalulekileyo. Likhaya kwiRila Lakes, uthotho lwamachibi anomkhenkce, kunye neyona ndawo iphakamileyo kwiiBalkans, iMount Musala. Uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwendalo yale paki luxhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, njengeechamois zaseBalkan neBalkan lynx. IPaka yeSizwe yaseRila ayisiyondawo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kuphela kodwa ikwayindawo echongiweyo UNESCO Indawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi.
IBelasitsa Nature Park, ekumzantsi-ntshona weBulgaria, iyenye indawo yokuhlala ekhethekileyo. Apha, iindwendwe zinokuhlola i-beech eluhlaza kunye namahlathi e-fir, kunye ne-Belasitsa Mountain Range. Le paki yaziwa ngokutyebileyo kweentlobo ngeentlobo zeentyatyambo, ineentlobo zezityalo ezingaphezu kwe-1,000, kuquka neentlobo ezininzi ezinqabileyo zeeorchid. Ikwalikhaya leentlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka, kuquka nokhozi olusengozini yehlabathi jikelele.
Iindawo zoLondolozo zeNdalo zaseBulgaria kunye neendawo eziziiNdawo ezahlukeneyo:
| Ugcino Lwendalo | Indawo | Iintlobo eziphawulekayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ipaki yeSizwe yePirin | Umzantsi-ntshona weBulgaria | Edelweiss, kwiBalkan chamois |
| I-Central Balkan National Park | Embindini nasemntla Bulgaria | I-Balkan lynx, ibhere emdaka |
| Dzhendema Nature Reserve | Iintaba zaseMpuma Rhodope | I-Orphean warbler, ukhozi lwasebukhosini lwaseMpuma |
Ezi ntlobo zeendawo zokuhlala ezikhethekileyo kunye neendawo zokulondoloza indalo eBulgaria zisebenza njengeendawo ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela izilwanyana ezisengozini kwaye zinegalelo kulondolozo lwendalo eyohlukeneyo elizweni. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo kunye nolawulo oluzinzileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ngakumbi ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala kunye neentlobo ziyancipha.
Uthungelwano lweNatura 2000 eBulgaria
Uthungelwano lwe-Natura 2000 ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni i-biodiversity yaseBulgaria, malunga ne-34% yommandla welizwe ophantsi kokhuseleko lwayo. Olu nxibelelwano lubanzi lubandakanya iipaki zelizwe, iipaki zendalo, iindawo zokugcina, kunye iindawo ezikhuselweyo, ukukhusela iindawo zokuhlala neentlobo zezidalwa ezinkulu ukubaluleka ngenxa yelifa lendalo laseBulgaria. Isebenza njengobungqina bokuzinikela kwelizwe kulondolozo kunye ukugcinwa kwendalo.
Kuthungelwano lweNatura 2000, iBulgaria iqhayisa ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Imimandla ekhuselweyo ibonelela ngeendawo eziphilayo ezisengozini yokuphela, kuquka isele laseBulgaria lamanzi kunye neBalkan chamois, eqinisekisa ukuba ziphila phakathi kweengcinezelo ezikhulayo zezinto ezenziwa ngabantu. Le mimandla ikwaxhasa iintlobo ezizodwa nezinqabileyo zeendawo zokuhlala, ezinjengamahlathi eStrandzha kunye neentaba zeRhodope, ezilikhaya leentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezihlala zikho kwenye indawo emhlabeni.
Iinzame zokulondoloza i-biodiversity yaseBulgaria idlulela ngaphaya kwemida yothungelwano lweNatura 2000. Ilizwe liphumeze inkqubo ebanzi yomthetho wendalo esingqongileyo, limisela imimiselo engqongqo yokunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga zophuhliso loluntu kwimbonakalo-mhlaba yendalo. IBulgaria ibandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yenkxaso-mali ye-EU yophuhliso lwendalo esingqongileyo namaphandle, ifuna ukukhulisa intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezixhobo zokuphucula ngakumbi. amalinge olondolozo.
Amanyathelo oLondolozo kunye neNtsebenziswano
Ulondolozo lwendalo ephilayo yaseBulgaria lufuna iindlela ezininzi kunye neenzame zentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko, iingcali zokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu. Imibutho emininzi, efana neBulgarian Biodiversity Foundation kunye neBulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds, isebenza ngokuzimisela ukwazisa abantu, ukwenza uphando, kunye nokuphumeza iiprojekthi zolondolozo kwilizwe lonke.
Umzekelo omnye wentsebenziswano ulondolozo eBulgaria kukubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni nakwimigxobhozo. Ezi ndawo zibalulekile kubomi beentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana, zibonelela ngeendawo ezizalela kuzo, imithombo yokutya kunye nekhusi. Ngokubuyisela kunye nokukhusela ezi ndawo zokuhlala, amanyathelo ajolise ekudaleni i-ikhosistim esempilweni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kwe iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo eBulgaria.
Omnye umzamo ophawulekayo wokulondoloza ugxininisa ekukhuseleni ii-sturgeon zaseDanube. Ezi zidalwa zibalaseleyo, kuquka neentlobo ezifana ne-Beluga sturgeon kunye ne-Sterlet, zisongelwa yimisebenzi efana nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokonakala kwendawo yokuhlala. Iiprojekthi zentsebenziswano, ezixhaswa ngabathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo, zizame ukwazisa, ukunyanzelisa izithintelo zokuloba, kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okubuyisela ukuloba kwabo. Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo ecaleni UMlambo iDanube.
Ukugcina i-biodiversity yaseBulgaria ngumsebenzi oqhubekayo nonzima. Ifuna ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo, ulawulo oluguquguqukayo, kunye nezisombululo ezitsha zokujongana nemingeni ehlala ivela. Ngokusebenzisana, iBulgaria inokuqinisekisa isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo malunga nelifa lendalo kunye nokukhusela a ikamva elizinzileyo ngezilwanyana zasendle ezizodwa kunye ne-ikhosistim.
Umthetho wokusiNgqongileyo kunye nokuBandakanya kwe-EU
IBulgaria iphumeze isakhelo esomeleleyo somthetho wendalo esingqongileyo kwaye ithatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yenkxaso-mali ye-EU ukuxhasa iinzame zolondolozo kunye uphando ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Le nkqubo ibanzi yemithetho nemimiselo iqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwelifa lemveli lelizwe kwaye iyakhuthaza Uphuhliso oluphathekayo.
Phantsi kokhokelo lwe udibano lwaseyurophu, IBulgaria iseke uthungelwano lweendawo ezikhuselweyo ezaziwa ngokuba yiNatura 2000 network. Igubungela malunga ne-34% yommandla welizwe, olu nxibelelwano luquka iipaki zelizwe, iipaki zendalo, iindawo zokugcina, kunye nezinye iindawo ezikhuselweyo. Ezi ndawo zichongiweyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo nasekulondolozeni iindawo zokuhlala ezixabisekileyo.
Ukongeza, iBulgaria ithatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yenkxaso-mali ye-EU yophuhliso lwendalo kunye nophuhliso lwasemaphandleni. Olu thatho-nxaxheba luvumela ilizwe ukuba lifikelele kwimithombo yemali exhasa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo olondolozo, kuquka iiprojekthi zophando, ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, kwaye i ukuqaliswa of izenzo ezizinzileyo.
Ngokudibanisa umthetho wayo oqinileyo wokusingqongileyo kunye nenkxaso ye-EU, iBulgaria isebenzela ukugcinwa kunye nolawulo oluzinzileyo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ezi nzame zentsebenziswano zijolise ekuqinisekiseni ubukho bexesha elide beentlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo ezizodwa, kunye nokukhuselwa kwenkqubo ebalulekileyo yendalo kulo lonke ilizwe.
Itheyibhile: Inkxaso-mali ye-EU kuPhando lweZilwanyana zeNdalo eBulgaria
| Unyaka | Inkxaso-mali ye-EU (ngezigidi zeeyuro) |
|---|---|
| 2016 | 10.5 |
| 2017 | 12.8 |
| 2018 | 11.2 |
| 2019 | 14.6 |
Itheyibhile engentla ibonelela ngesishwankathelo senkxaso-mali ye-EU eyabelwe uphando lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo eBulgaria ukusuka 2016 ukuya 2019. Olu tyalo-mali luqaqambisa ukubaluleka ibekwe kwezenzululwazi isifundo kunye neenzame zokulondoloza ukuqonda ngcono nokukhusela i-ecosystem ye-Bulgaria ekhethekileyo kunye neentlobo.
Izoyikiso kwi-Biodiversity yaseBulgaria
Ngaphandle kobuninzi bezinto eziphilayo, indawo yendalo yaseBulgaria ijongene nezoyikiso ezibalulekileyo ezivela kwimisebenzi yabantu, njengokugawulwa kwemithi kunye iiprojekthi zokwakha ezingenelela kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo. Le misebenzi iphazamisa inkqubo yendalo ebuthathaka kwaye ibeka emngciphekweni iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana ezixhomekeke kwezi ndawo zokuhlala ukuze ziphile.
Ngokutsho kwengxelo yoMbutho waseBulgaria woKhuseleko lweeNtaka, ngaphezu kwe-100 yeentlobo zezilwanyana eBulgaria ngoku zidweliswe njengezisengozini. Phakathi kwazo kukho ilynx yaseBalkan, ukhozi, nonomatse waseYurophu. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zabo zokuhlala, ngco liseko, yaye ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni kutyhalela phambili ezi zilwanyana kumngcipheko wokuphela.
Ngaphezu koko, ngokukhawuleza Ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye nokwanda kwezolimo eBulgaria kukhokelela ekulahlekeni kweendawo zokuhlala zendalo ezibalulekileyo. Imigxobhozo, amahlathi namadlelo ayagawulwa uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokulima ngamandla, okukhokelela ekwehleni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye ukungalingani kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ngaphandle kwenyathelo elikhawulezileyo, iziphumo zezi zoyikiso aziyi kubuyiselwa. Kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokunyanzelisa imithetho engqongqo kunye nezohlwayo kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni eyonakalisa i-biodiversity yaseBulgaria. Amanyathelo okusebenzisana phakathi kwee-arhente zikarhulumente, imibutho yolondolozo, kunye uluntu lwasekuhlaleni zingundoqo ekunyuseni ulwazi nasekuphumezeni ngempumelelo izicwangciso zolondolozo. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa isenzo esidibeneyo singakwazi na ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwelifa lendalo elikhethekileyo laseBulgaria ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.
| Izilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni wokuTshabalala eBulgaria | Iintshukumo zoLondolozo |
|---|---|
| Balkan Lynx | Ukusekwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo kunye nokubeka iliso ngokungqongqo kwimisebenzi yokuzingela. |
| Ukhozi Lobukhosi | Ukukhuthazwa kweenkqubo zolawulo lomhlaba ukukhusela iindawo zokuzalela nokwandisa umgangatho wendawo yokuhlala. |
| I-European Ground Squirrel | Ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi zokubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala kunye namaphulo okwazisa uluntu ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ngenkathalo. |
“Ukulondoloza izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo zaseBulgaria akungombandela nje obalulekileyo kwindalo kodwa kukwayimbopheleleko kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Lixesha lokuba wonke umntu adibane kwaye athathe amanyathelo ukukhusela ilifa lethu lendalo elikhethekileyo. " – UGqr Maria Ivanova, Umbutho waseBulgaria wokuKhuselwa kweeNyoni
Ukubuyisela iiNdawo zokuHlala zaseRiparian kunye neMigxobhozo
Amanyathelo okubuyisela eBulgaria agxile ekuvuseleleni iindawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni kunye nemigxobhozo, i-ecosystems eziphambili ezixhasa iindidi ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ezi ndawo zokuhlala zibalulekile Ulondolozo lwendalo, njengoko zibonelela ngeendawo ezizalela kuzo, imithombo yokutya, nekhusi kwabaninzi iintlobo ezisengozini eBulgaria.
Enye iprojekthi ephawulekayo kukuhlaziywa koMlambo iKamchia, indlela enkulu yamanzi ehamba kwiiNtaba zeBalkan ukuya kuLwandle Olumnyama. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, imimandla eselunxwemeni yomlambo kunye nemigxobhozo iye yathwaxwa lungcoliseko kunye nokuthotywa kweendawo zokuhlala. Ukulungisa oku, imibutho yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nabahlali basekuhlaleni baye bahlanganisana ukuze babuyisele amanzi endalo omlambo, basuse izilwanyana ezihlaselayo, baze baphinde batyale uhlaza lwendalo.
“Injongo yethu kukudala impilo esempilweni kwaye echumayo i-ikhosistim ezinokuxhasa izityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo zoMlambo iKamchia,” utsho uGqr. Elena Petrova, isazi ngebhayoloji esikhokela kwimigudu yokubuyisela. “Sisebenzela ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi, siphucule intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, nokudala ikamva elizinzileyo lale ndawo yokuhlala ibalulekileyo.”
Le ndlela yentsebenziswano yokubuyisela indawo yokuhlala iyabonakala kwakhona ekubuyiselweni kwemigxobhozo, efana neSrebarna Nature Reserve. Ifumaneka kufuphi noMlambo iDanube, le Indawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO likhaya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ezinqabileyo nezisemngciphekweni wokuphela, kuquka i-Dalmatian pelican esesichengeni sehlabathi. Iinzame ziyaqhubeka ukubuyisela ukulungelelana kwamanzi kulo mhlaba omanzi, ukulawula izilwanyana ezihlaselayo, nokukhusela iindawo ezizalela kuzo ezi ntaka zibalaseleyo.
| Amanyathelo okubuyisela eBulgaria | IiNgcaciso |
|---|---|
| Umlambo waseKamchia | Ukuvuselelwa kwendawo yokuhlala yaseRiparian kunye nemigxobhozo |
| Indawo yoLondolozo lweNdalo yaseSrebarna | Ukubuyiselwa komhlaba omanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kweentlobo ezisengozini yokuphela |
Ukukhuselwa kweDanube Sturgeons
Idanube sturgeons ziphakathi iintlobo ezisengozini eBulgaria ukufumana ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukuze bakhuseleke, njengoko ukuhla kwabemi bawo kusisisongelo kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo. Ezi ntlanzi zimangalisayo, ezaziwa ngokubonakala kwazo kwangaphambili kunye ne-caviar exabisekileyo, zijongene nemingeni emininzi kwindawo yazo yendalo.
Izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zibe negalelo ekwehleni kwee<em>Danube sturgeon, kuquka ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, nokwakhiwa kwamadama ecaleni komlambo. Ukuze kuliwe nezi zoyikiso, kuye kwenziwa iinzame zokulondoloza ikamva labo nokulondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseBulgaria.
Elinye laloo manyathelo kukusekwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo kunye neendawo zokugcina iintlanzi ecaleni koMlambo iDanube. Ezi zowuni zichongiweyo zibonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo yokuba i-sturgeon izale kwaye ikhule, iqinisekisa ukusinda kwazo. Ngokubekela imiqathango imisebenzi yokuloba kule mimandla nokuphumeza imigaqo engqongqo, injongo kukuvumela iinyamakazi eziziintlanzi ukuba zihlaziyeke kwaye zichume kwakhona.
Ukulondolozwa kweDanube sturgeon ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ekuphileni kwazo kodwa nakuko konke. impilo yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseBulgaria. Njengezalathi ezingundoqo ze impilo ye-ikhosistim, ezi zidalwa zibalaseleyo zinendima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukulungelelana okusingqongileyo okuhlala emanzini.
| Izoyikiso kwiDanube Sturgeons | Iinzame zoLondolozo |
|---|---|
| Ukuloba kakhulu | Ukusekwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo kunye neendawo zokugcina iintlanzi |
| Ukonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala | Imimiselo engqongqo kunye nokubeka iliso kwimisebenzi yokuloba |
| Ukwakhiwa kwamadama | Ukusebenzisana noluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho yokusingqongileyo |
Ngokusebenzisa iinzame zokusebenzisana phakathi kwemibutho yolondolozo, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nee-arhente zikarhulumente, iBulgaria ijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukusinda kwexesha elide le-Danube sturgeons. Ngokukhusela ezi ntlobo zezityalo zimangalisayo, asikhuseli nje kuphela iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zaseBulgaria, kodwa sikwagcina inxalenye ekhethekileyo yelifa lendalo ukuze izizukulwana ezizayo zilixabise kwaye zilixabise.
Iinzame zoLondolozo lweNtsebenziswano
Ukukhusela kunye nokugcina i-biodiversity yaseBulgaria kufuna indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kwamaziko, iingcali zokusingqongileyo, kunye noluntu ukuze kugcinwe ilifa lendalo elikhethekileyo lelizwe. Ngokumalunga ne-34% yommandla ogutyungelwe nguthungelwano lweNatura 2000 kunye nenkqubo ebanzi yomthetho wendalo esingqongileyo, iBulgaria yenze imitsi ebalulekileyo kwiinzame zolondolozo. Nangona kunjalo, imingeni ejongene nolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ifuna iinzame zentsebenziswano kubo bonke abachaphazelekayo.
Umzekelo omnye wentsebenziswano ulondolozo eBulgaria kukubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni nakwimigxobhozo. Ezi nkqubo zokuphilisana kwendalo zibalulekile kubomi beentlobo ngeentlobo zezidalwa kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngobudlelwane phakathi kwamaqumrhu karhulumente, imibutho engenzi ngeniso, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, amalinge asendleleni okubuyisela ezi ndawo zokuhlala, ukuqinisekisa ukuphila kwexesha elide kweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana.
Olunye ujoliso olubalulekileyo kulondolozo lwendalo kukukhusela iDanube sturgeon, uhlobo olusengozini yokuphela. Ezi ntlanzi zibalulekileyo ziyimfuneko ibhalansi yendalo kwimizila yamanzi yaseBulgaria kwaye imele inxalenye ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphilayo zelizwe. Imibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo kunye namaziko ophando asebenza kunye ekuphumezeni amanyathelo okukhusela iinyamakazi neendawo zazo zokuhlala, kuquka ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho engqongqo yokuloba kunye nokudalwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo.
IiNdlela zeNtsebenziswano zoLondolozo
“Ulondolozo asingomzamo wedwa. Ifuna ukuzinikela okuhlangeneyo ekukhuseleni ilifa lendalo laseBulgaria ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo. Ngokuhlanganisa Iingcali, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, sinokufikelela ngokusebenzayo kunye nokuzinzileyo izenzo zolondolozo. "
Iindlela zentsebenziswano kulondolozo zidlulela ngaphaya kweeprojekthi namalinge athile. Babandakanya amaphulo okwazisa uluntu, iinkqubo zemfundo, kunye neenzame zokwazisa uluntu ngokubanzi ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokukhuthaza imvakalelo yoxanduva kunye nokuxabisa okusingqongileyo kwendalo, ezi nzame zentsebenziswano zijolise ekudaleni ixesha elide. mpe mbelelo kumhlaba wolondolozo waseBulgaria.
| Iinzame zoLondolozo lweNtsebenziswano | Iimpumelelo eziphambili |
|---|---|
| Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqumrhu karhulumente, imibutho engenzi nzuzo, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni | Ukubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni nakwimigxobhozo |
| Intsebenziswano phakathi kwemibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye namaziko ophando | Ukukhuselwa kwee-sturgeons zaseDanube kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala |
| Amaphulo okwazisa uluntu, iinkqubo zemfundo, kunye neenzame zokwazisa | Ukubandakanya uluntu ngokubanzi kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo |
Ngeenzame zolondolozo lwentsebenziswano, iBulgaria ithatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo ekulondolozeni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo. Ngokuqaphela ukubaluleka kwezenzo ezidibeneyo kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano, ilizwe linokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kobukho bezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezikhethekileyo, ukukhusela ilifa lendalo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Izinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo zaseBulgaria, eziquka iintlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo ezikhethekileyo, zisemngciphekweni wezinto ezahlukeneyo ezenziwa ngabantu, nto leyo eyenza iinzame zokulondoloza zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze ziphile izilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela. impilo zezilwanyana zasendle zelizwe. Ngemimandla emithathu ye-bio-geographic - alpine, unxweme, kunye nelizwekazi - iBulgaria iqhayisa ngembonakalo yendalo ekhethekileyo exhasa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo.
Eli lizwe likhaya kwiindidi zeendawo zokuhlala ezingama-977, kwaye ezingama-96 zizodwa eBulgaria, ziqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokulondoloza ezi ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Malunga ne-34% yommandla waseBulgaria ugutyungelwa luthungelwano lweNatura 2000, oluquka iipaki zelizwe, iipaki zendalo, iindawo zokugcina, kunye neendawo ezikhuselweyo. Olu daba lubanzi lubonisa ukuzinikela kwelizwe ekukhuseleni ilifa lemveli.
IBulgaria inenkqubo ebanzi yomthetho wendalo esingqongileyo kwaye ithatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiinkqubo zeengxowa-mali ze-EU zophuhliso lwendalo kunye nophuhliso lwasemaphandleni. Noko ke, phezu kwayo nje le migudu, iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zeli lizwe zijamelene nezisongelo eziphawulekayo ezenziwa ngabantu. Ukugawulwa kwemithi nokwakhiwa kweepaki zesizwe kubangela ucelomngeni oluthile, nto leyo ebeka intaphane yezilwanyana neendawo ezihlala kuzo emngciphekweni.
Nangona kunjalo, iBulgaria ithatha amanyathelo okukhusela nokubuyisela iindawo zayo zokuhlala zendalo. Iinzame ziyaqhubeka ukubuyisela iindawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni nakwimigxobhozo, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwaye zisebenze njengeendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo kwiintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana. Ukongeza, ulondolozo lweDanube sturgeon, i iintlobo ezisengozini eBulgaria, yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, njengoko ukulondolozwa kwazo kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo.
Ukugcina i-biodiversity yaseBulgaria kufuna intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko, iingcali zokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu. Ngokusebenzisana, abachaphazelekayo banokuqinisekisa isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo malunga nelifa lemveli lelizwe kwaye babe negalelo kwiinzame zolondolozo olusebenzayo. Ngala manyathelo adityanisiweyo, iBulgaria inokukhusela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukuze izizukulwana ezizayo ziyonwabele kwaye ziyixabise.
FAQ
Zinjani izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo eBulgaria?
IBulgaria yaziwa ngobutyebi bayo bezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, equka imimandla emithathu ye-bio-geographic: ialpine, unxweme kunye nelizwekazi. Ilizwe lineentlobo zeendawo zokuhlala ezingama-977, kunye ne-96 ekhethekileyo eBulgaria.
Yintoni inethiwekhi yeNatura 2000 eBulgaria?
Uthungelwano lweNatura 2000 eBulgaria lugubungela malunga ne-34% yommandla welizwe kwaye lubandakanya iipaki zelizwe, iipaki zendalo, iindawo zokugcina, kunye neendawo ezikhuselweyo. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ithini imeko yangoku ye-biodiversity yaseBulgaria?
Ubume bendalo baseBulgaria busengozini ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa ngabantu, kuquka ukugawulwa kwemithi nokwakhiwa kwiipaki zelizwe. Kwenziwa iinzame zokuhlangabezana nezi zoyikiso nokulondoloza iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Yiyiphi imigudu yokulondoloza eyenziwa eBulgaria?
IBulgaria inenkqubo ebanzi yomthetho wokusingqongileyo kwaye ibandakanyeka ngokusebenzayo kwiprogram yenkxaso-mali ye-EU yophuhliso lwendalo kunye nophuhliso lwasemaphandleni. Ukubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni nakwimigxobhozo kunye nokukhuselwa kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela ezifana ne-Danube sturgeon ziphakathi kweenzame zolondolozo.
Yintoni indima yentsebenziswano kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo eBulgaria?
Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko, iingcali zokusingqongileyo, kunye noluntu lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo malunga nelifa lemveli laseBulgaria kunye nokulondoloza ngokufanelekileyo i-biodiversity yayo.
