I-Ecuador yezeMali yeMozulu: Ikhusela i-30 yezigidi zeedola zesiVumelwano seREDD+ kunye neLEAF ukuKhusela amahlathi

I-Ecuador yenze inyathelo elikhulu ngokufumana i-30 yezigidi ze-REDD + isivumelwano ne-LEAF¹. Esi sivumelwano simalunga nokukhusela amahlathi. Kuyimpumelelo enkulu ukugcina eziphilayo ezidume ikhuselekile kwaye iyakhusela izilwanyana eziyingozi. Ukusindisa amahlathi ase-Ecuador kuluncedo ebantwini, kwisijikelezi-langa nakuqoqosho¹.

The Luhlaza I-Climate Fund (GCF) kunye namaqabane ayo axhasa iinjongo zemozulu zase-Ecuador¹. Bafuna ukunceda ukuphucula ubomi babantu, ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nokomelela. Le nkxaso ingundoqo ekusindiseni amahlathi ase-Ecuador kunye neAmazon. Le mimandla izele ziintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo nekhaya kubantu abaninzi isengozini iintlobo.

• I-Ecuador ifumene isivumelwano se-REDD + sezigidi ezingama-30 zeedola kunye ne-LEAF ukukhusela amahlathi ayo¹.
• Isivumelwano sijolise ekunciphiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa ulawulo lwamahlathi kwaye nokugcinwa.
• I-GCF kunye namaqabane ayo baxhasa amabhongo emozulu karhulumente wase-Ecuadorian, ukuphucula imivuzo, ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nokomelela.¹.
• Kumahlathi ase-Ecuador kuhlala abantu abaninzi iindawo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwaye izilwanyana eziyingozi, nto leyo eyenza ulondolozo lwazo lubaluleke kakhulu.
• Iinzame zeli lizwe zokulondoloza amahlathi alo ziphumelela kathathu: ukuphucula abantu, imekobume nezoqoqosho impilo kunye nempilo¹.
• Ulondolozo lwe Amahlathi e-Ecuadorian kwaye i Imvula yeAmazon kubalulekile ukugcina ihlabathi impilo yendalo.
• Isivumelwano seREDD+ sezigidi ezingama-30 zeedola linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphumezeni iinjongo zemozulu ye-Ecuador kunye nokukhusela amahlathi ayo.¹.

Ifoto efakiweyo kunye nefoto engezantsi ngoncedo lwe Iifoto zeDistim

I-Ecuador inkqenkqeza phambili amahlathi azinzileyo kwaye iinzame zolondolozo kunye ne-30 yezigidi zeerandi zeREDD+ isebenzisana ne-LEAF Coalition². Esi sivumelwano simalunga nokukhusela amahlathi e-Ecuador kunye nokomeleza imali yemozulu yaseecuador iiprojekthi. I-LEAF Coalition ingundoqo ekuncedeni amazwe afana ne-Ecuador ukulwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokonakala kwamahlathi³.

Isivumelwano se-$30 sezigidi sigxile ekulawuleni amahlathi, kusetyenziswa imisebenzi yezolimo ezinzileyo, nokulungisa imihlaba eyonakeleyo². Olu luloyiso olukhulu kwiinzame zemozulu yehlabathi. Ibonisa ukuzinikela kwe-Ecuador ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi kunye nokuxhasa Uphuhliso oluphathekayo⁴. Inkxaso ye-CIF ye-Ecuador ibonisa indlela ekubaluleke ngayo kumazwe ngamazwe qela ekubambeni imo iyatshintsha.

The ukubaluleka Le ngqungquthela icacile ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Inceda ekunciphiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nomonakalo wamahlathi.
• Iyakhuthaza amahlathi azinzileyo kwaye iinzame zolondolozo.
• Ixhasa imali yemozulu yaseecuador iiprojekthi.

Njengoko i-Ecuador ihambela phambili ngenkqubo yayo yeREDD+, kubalulekile ukubona ixabiso le amahlathi azinzileyo kwaye iinzame zolondolozo ekufezekiseni iinjongo zemozulu yehlabathi². Ecuador ingqalelo imali yemozulu yaseecuador kunye nentsebenziswano kunye ne-LEAF Coalition ibonisa amandla okusebenza kunye ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu³.

I-Ecuador likhaya kwinxalenye enkulu yelizwe Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon. Idume ngobutyebi bayo iindawo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwaye uninzi izilwanyana eziyingozi⁵. Eli lizwe liye lasebenza nzima ukukhusela amahlathi alo. Malunga ne-68.2% yomhlaba wayo useyindalo, ugubungela i-17.5 yezigidi zeehektare⁵.

Kukho i-12.8 yezigidi zeehektare zamahlathi kunye ne-1.1 yezigidi zeehektare ingca e-Ecuador⁵. Ukugcina ezi zendalo ngundoqo. I-Ecuador ine-10% yazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezaziwayo, nangona iyinxalenye encinci yomhlaba⁵.

Inkqubo ye-Amazon Biocorridor linyathelo elikhulu. Ijonge ukulawula izigidi ezi-4.6 zeehektare ze iindawo ezikhuselweyo bhetele⁶. Kwakhona iya kukhusela i-1.8 yezigidi zeehektare zamahlathi kunye imigxobhozo, kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-18,000 XNUMX zemilambo⁶.

Le nkqubo iza kuzisa i-400 yezigidi zeedola, kunye ne-60 yezigidi zeerandi kwimbuyekezo ekuhambeni kwexesha⁷. Imali iya kunceda ukukhusela izilwanyana eziyingozi kwaye ugcine iindawo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ikhuselekile kwi Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon⁷. I-Ecuador iya konga i-800 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2035 ekuguquleni amatyala⁶.

I-Ecuador ibonisa indlela yokuxuba imali yoluntu kunye neyabucala yokukhula kohlaza kunye nemisebenzi. Ifuna i-3.5 yepesenti ye-GDP yayo minyaka le ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Le mali ingundoqo ekujonganeni nemiba yemozulu kunye nokukhulisa uqoqosho.

Isivumelwano seREDD+ luncedo olukhulu kwi-Ecuador ezezimali eziluhlaza. Iseka indlela yokuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi eco-friendly kunye nokuxhasa ukukhula okuzinzileyo. Ukusebenza namaqela ehlabathi, njenge-LEAF Coalition, kukwabalulekile kwisicwangciso sezemali se-Ecuador.⁸.

Ukubandakanya icandelo labucala kubalulekile kwiinjongo zezimali ze-Ecuador. IiBonds zelizwe zoHlaza nezeNtlalo zilinyathelo eliya kwicala elifanelekileyo⁹. Iibhanki zasekuhlaleni ezijoyina iBanking Alliance ye I-Net Zero Izinto ezikhutshwayo zibonisa ukuzinikela kwe-Ecuador ekusikeni ikhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kohlaza.

Ukuphumeza isivumelwano seREDD+ e-Ecuador kufuna isicwangciso esicacileyo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo. eyiyo ukuqaliswa ngundoqo ekunciphiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi. Iimali ezivela inkxaso yemozulu yaseecuador iya kunceda ezi projekthi zemozulu.

Isicwangciso se-CIF sijolise ekunciphiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi. Kubandakanya ukulawula amahlathi kunye nokwamkela iindlela zokulima ezizinzileyo¹⁰. Esi sicwangciso siya kuba luncedo kwi indawo kwaye uluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Ukuxhaswa ngemali kweeprojekthi zemozulu e-ecuador ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yesi sicwangciso.

Ukuze isivumelwano seREDD+ sisebenze, ixesha elicacileyo kunye neqhinga libalulekile. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukusebenza kunye norhulumente, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kunye namacandelo abucala. Inkxaso yemozulu yase-Ecuador ngundoqo ekuxhaseni ezi projekthi, kuxhamle kokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu¹¹.

Isicwangciso kunye nexesha liya kujongwa kwaye lihlaziywe rhoqo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo ziyafezekiswa. Ukubeka iliso kwinkqubela phambili, ukuchonga imingeni, kunye nokwenza utshintsho njengoko lufuneka yinxalenye yale nkqubo. Ukuxhaswa ngemali kweeprojekthi zemozulu e-ecuador ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yezi projekthi, enefuthe elihle kokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu.

Isivumelwano seREDD+ e-Ecuador sijolise ekukhuseleni Imvula yeAmazon. Oku kungundoqo kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu¹². Amaziko emali yemozulu e-Ecuador abalulekile kwezi nzame. Bagxininisa kwimali eluhlaza ukuxhasa Uphuhliso oluphathekayo.

Iinjongo zesi sivumelwano ziquka ukukhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Ikwaqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwe zomthonyama uluntu kulondolozo.

Ezinye iinjongo eziphambili zolondolozo zezi:

• Ukukhusela kunye nokubuyisela i-mangrove, enokuthi ihluthe malunga ne-5 yezigidi zeetoni ze-greenhouse gases kwiminyaka engama-20.¹²
• Ukunciphisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokuthotywa kwamahlathi, okubalulekileyo ekunciphiseni utshintsho lwemozulu
• Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okuzinzileyo, okufana nokulima okuzinzileyo kwe-shrimp, okunokunceda ukunciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo kwezolimo

Iindlela zezemali zemozulu e-Ecuador, njengotyalo-mali lwe-CIF, zijolise ekunciphiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokuwohloka kwamahlathi.¹³. Iinketho zezimali eziluhlaza, njengeemali-mboleko zempembelelo kunye neebhondi eziluhlaza, zibonelela ngoncedo lwemali iinzame zolondolozo. Ulondolozo lweziQithi zaseGalápagos yeyona nto iphambili¹³.

Ifoto engentla ngoncedo lwe Iifoto zeDistim

Uluntu lwemveli ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kulondolozo. Bane ulwazi lwemveli kunye nezenzo ezikhusela indalo esingqongileyo. Amaziko ezemali emozulu e-Ecuador kufuneka asebenze nolu luntu. Kufuneka bahloniphe amalungelo abo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba bayaxhamla iinzame zolondolozo.

Impumelelo yesivumelwano seREDD+ e-Ecuador ixhomekeke kuhlolo oluluqilima kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa. Ezi nkqubo zingundoqo ekuqinisekiseni amahlathi azinzileyo izenzo ziyalandelwa. Bajonga kwakhona ukuba iinzame zolondolozo zisebenza kakuhle. I-Ecuador ifumene isivumelwano se-30 sezigidi zeedola seREDD+ ngenyathelo le-LEAF lokukhusela amahlathi ayo¹⁴. Esi sivumelwano luncedo olukhulu imali yemozulu yaseecuador iiprojekthi.

Itekhnoloji ekwinqanaba eliphezulu njengemifanekiso yesathelayithi kunye neremote sensing zisetyenziselwa ukujonga amahlathi. Iinkqubo zokunika ingxelo nazo zibalulekile. Banceda ukulandelela inkqubela kunye nokufumana iindawo ezifuna umsebenzi. Ukuxhasa imisebenzi eluhlaza kwilizwe liphela nako kubalulekile¹⁴.

Kubalulekile ukuba nemilinganiselo yokuphendula kwakhona. Baqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unoxanduva ngezenzo zabo. Ngale ndlela, i-Ecuador inokuqinisekisa ukuba yayo amahlathi azinzileyo kwaye iinzame zolondolozo bayasebenza. Oku kunceda ilizwe lifikelele kwiinjongo zalo zemozulu kunye nenkxaso imali yemozulu yaseecuador¹⁴.

Uqoqosho lwase-Ecuador lunxulunyaniswa nokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Amathuba otyalo-mali lwemozulu ecuador zingundoqo ekukhuleni kwayo. Urhulumente uyayibona imfuneko yoko inkxaso yemozulu yaseecuador ukuxhasa iiprojekthi ezinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokuxhasa ukukhula kohlaza. Umthombo wesithathu wewebhu ubonisa ukuba ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokukhulisa uqoqosho kunokusebenza kunye. Ibonisa ixabiso lokuphucula indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo ukutsala imali yabucala.

Ilizwe lifuna malunga ne-3.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngonyaka ngamnye kwiiprojekthi zemozulu ukusuka 2025 ukuya 2050¹⁵. Lo ngumsebenzi omkhulu, kodwa ikwalithuba lokukhulisa uqoqosho nokuphelisa intlupheko. I-Ecuador sele yenze inkqubela phambili, njengotshintshiselwano lwamatyala ngo-2023. Esi sivumelwano sizise malunga ne-US$450 yezigidi kulondolozo lweZiqithi zaseGalápagos¹⁵.

Ukujongana nefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu, i-Ecuador kufuneka iguqule uqoqosho lwayo. Kufuneka isuke kwi-oyile kwaye ixhase amacandelo ohlaza afana nokhenketho kunye nokulima. Lo mzamo ufuna intsebenziswano evela kurhulumente, amashishini kunye namaqela oluntu. Ngokudibeneyo, banokuqinisekisa ukuba i-Ecuador ikhula ngokuzinzileyo kwaye inceda umhlaba ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

I-Ecuador's $30 yezigidi zeerandi iREDD+ isebenzisana neLEAF ukukhusela amahlathi ayo¹⁶ linyathelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse. Kodwa, kukho imingeni emininzi efana nemiqobo yolawulo, imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo, kunye nemiba yezemali. Ukujongana nezi, kubalulekile ukudala imeko-bume elungileyo yotyalo-mali lwabucala ngakumbi amandla aluhlaza, njengaye i-ecuador yezemali eluhlaza.

Amaziko ezemali emozulu e-Ecuador abalulekile kwesi sivumelwano. Kufuneka balawule imingcipheko kakuhle ukugcina iprojekthi iqhubeka ixesha elide. Oku kuthetha utyalo-mali kumbane olungileyo wamanzi kunye nakumandla elanga nawomoya. Ukusebenzisa iindlela zezimali zemozulu e-Ecuador nako kunokunciphisa imingcipheko yezemali.

Ezinye iindlela ezibalulekileyo zokulawula umngcipheko ziquka:

• Ukuseka isicwangciso semali esicacileyo sokusingatha izibonelelo zemali yemozulu
• Ukudala i-Accredited National Entity (ENA) ukunyusa imali yoluntu kunye nokunciphisa uncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe¹⁷
• Ukusebenzisa okuzinzileyo Ulawulo lwamanzi kunye ne-inshurensi yemozulu yokulima ukujongana nemingcipheko¹⁶

Ngokusebenzisa ezi zicwangciso, i-Ecuador inokwenza isivumelwano sayo seREDD+ sisebenze kakuhle. Oku kuya kunceda ihlabathi ukuba lilwe nokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse.

I-Ecuador yenze inyathelo elikhulu ngokufumana i-R30 yezigidi¹⁸ Isivumelwano seREDD+ kunye neLeAF Coalition. Esi sivumelwano kukukhusela amahlathi e-ecuadorian. Ibonisa ukuzinikela kwe-Ecuador ekugcineni i Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon kunye nayo iindawo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ikhuselekile. Ezi ndawo zihlala abantu abaninzi izilwanyana eziyingozi.

I-REDD+ Action Plan ijolise ekunciphiseni ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ngama-20% ngo-2025¹⁹. Kwakhona i-Ecuador iceba ukulondoloza iihektare ezi-2 zezigidi zamahlathi¹⁹. Esi sicwangciso sibonisa ukuzibophelela kwe-Ecuador ekusombululeni iingxaki zokusingqongileyo.

Ngokunceda amafama amancinci naphakathi¹⁸ kunye nokukhuthaza ukulima okuluhlaza, i-Ecuador ibhalansisa ukukhula nge indalo. Le ndlela yokusebenza iqinisekisa ukuba uqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo zinokukhula kunye.

Umsebenzi we-Ecuador ubalulekile njengoko ihlabathi lizama ukuwugcina ubushushu bukazwe lonke ngaphantsi kwama-1.5 degrees Celsius¹⁸. Imigudu yayo isisifundo nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenkxaso kunye nokubeka iliso olomeleleyo¹⁹, I-Ecuador inokugcina izinto ezimangalisayo zaseAmazon zikhuselekile kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

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6. I-Ecuador Ibhengeza uGuquko Lwetyala Layo Lokuqala ukuxhasa uLondolozo lweNdalo kunye naManzi asemaTsha eAmazon, iXhaswa yiNkqubo yeeBonds zeNdalo yeNdalo - https://www.nature.org/en-us/newsroom/ecuador-announces-debt-conversion-for-amazon-conservation-tnc-nature-bonds/
7. I-DFC Yazisa i-1 yebhiliyoni yeedola kwi-Inshurensi yoMngcipheko wezoPolitiko wokuGuqulwa kweTyala lokuqala lase-Ecuador ukuxhasa uLondolozo lwe-Terestrial kunye naManzi asematsha- https://ec.usembassy.gov/dfc-announces-1-billion-in-political-risk-insurance-for-ecuadors-first-debt-conversion-to-support-terrestrial-and-freshwater-conservation/
8. I-IDB exhaswa yi-IDB uguqulo lwetyala elitsha ukwenza i-460 yezigidi zeedola kulondolozo lweAmazon e-Ecuador - https://www.iadb.org/en/news/idb-supported-innovative-debt-conversion-generate-460-million-amazon-conservation-ecuador
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12. E-Ecuador, umzamo 'obalulekileyo' wokukhusela iimangrove - kunye nabantu - https://www.conservation.org/blog/in-ecuador-a-milestone-effort-to-protect-mangroves-and-people
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19. I-Microsoft Word – CLEAN 20180122 &GreenEcuadorJECA v.2.0 MS 240118 – https://www.andgreen.fund/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Assessment-Report-Ecuador_compressed.pdf