I-Ireland Biodiversity: Izilwanyana kunye neZityalo zeZilwanyana kunye nento ephantsi koMngcipheko

I-Ireland eziphilayo bubuncwane beentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo, ezibunjwa bubutyebi bezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, eli lifa lemveli ligqwesileyo lijongene nemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo kunye nezoyikiso kubukho balo. I nokugcinwa of Zasendle, ukhuseleko lwe Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo, kunye nokugcinwa kwe izilwanyana eziyingozi zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubukho bezityalo nezilwanyana zaseIreland kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

"Ndiyayithanda Ayalend. Ndiziva ndinoxolo kakhulu apho. Yimilingo kwaye intle.” uEva Luhlaza

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo eIreland: Into esingayiboniyo

I-Ireland idla ngokubhiyozelwa ngamasimi ayo aluhlaza, unxweme olumagqagala kunye neenduli eziqengqelekayo. Kodwa ngaphantsi kwezi ndawo zibalaseleyo kukho ihlabathi elineentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezifihlakeleyo—izinto eziphilayo nezityalo ezizigcina ngokuzolileyo indalo iphela. impilo eyethu indawo.

Ifilimu emfutshane Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo eIreland: Into esingayiboniyo itsalela ingqalelo yethu kumaleko angabonakaliyo endalo yendalo yase-Ireland: i-pollinators ezigcina izityalo zikhula, umngundo oqhekeza izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, kunye neentaka kunye nezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezixhomekeke kwiindawo zokuhlala ezibuthathaka. Ezi zinto zihlala zingaqatshelwa, kodwa zibalulekile ibhalansi yendalo.

Umsebenzi womntu, imo iyatshintsha, yaye ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala babeka uxinzelelo olukhulayo kwi-Ireland zendalo. I-Peatlands iyakhutshwa, i-hedgerows iyasuswa, kwaye iintlobo zemveli ikhutshelwe ngaphandle. Njengoko ifilimu ibalaselisa, ayikokulahleka nje kwezilwanyana zasendle ezibonakalayo—kodwa kukunyamalala okucothayo, okuthe cwaka koko kugcina ubomi ngokwabo.

Ukanti, likho ithemba. Kwilizwe lonke, ikhokelwa luluntu ukuphinda ndixakeke iinzame, ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, kwaye uzinzile ulawulo lomhlaba iiprojekthi ziya zisanda. Ifilimu ifuna ulwazi olunzulu, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo eyomeleleyo, kunye noqhagamshelwano olunzulu kunye nehlabathi lendalo elisingqongileyo.

Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo azikho nje malunga noko sikubonayo—kungento esikhetha ukuyikhusela.

Ngo-2019, iIreland yayililizwe lokuqala laseNtshona-Yurophu ukusebenzisa iBIOFIN

Ngo-2019, iIreland yaba lilizwe lokuqala laseNtshona Yurophu ukwamkela Inyathelo leMali yeBiodiversity (BIOFIN) indlela yokusebenza, ephawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekujonganeni nemingeni yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Ngaphandle kwemihlaba yayo enohlaza, i-Ireland ijongene nengxaki yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kunye ne-91% yeentlobo zeendawo zokuhlala eziphambili kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo kunye neentlobo ezifana ne-curlew kunye ne-yellowhammer ngoku kwi-Irish Red List yenkxalabo yolondolozo. ​

“I-Winterfell isencotsheni yale ntaba inkulu kuMntla Ireland, yaye unokuyibona yonke le mozulu ingena kuyo. Ngokusisiseko, isibhakabhaka sijikeleza intaba. - I-Kristian nairn

Uphononongo lweNkcitho yeZilwanyana zeSizwe zeZilwanyana (i-NBER), oluqhutywa nguCraig Bullock ovela kwiKholeji yaseYunivesithi Dublin kunye noRachel Morrison ovela kwiDyunivesithi yase-Exeter, basebenzise indlela ye-BIOFIN ukuvavanya inkxaso-mali ye-biodiversity yase-Ireland. Iziphumo zabo zibonise ukuba umyinge wama-97% enkcitho enxulumene nezityalo nezilwanyana zilawulwa ngamasebe karhulumente kunye nee-arhente, kwaye inxalenye enkulu ixhaswa udibano lwaseyurophu imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokudluliselwa. Okuqaphelekayo, i-80% yezi nkcitho zinxulunyaniswa namalinge osetyenziso oluzinzileyo ajolise ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo eziyingozi kwezolimo naselwandle. ​

Ukwamkelwa kwendlela ye-BIOFIN kunikeze i-Ireland indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokulandela nokuhlalutya ukuhamba kwemali yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, ilungelelaniswa noko kujoliswe kuko kuzwelonke nakwihlabathi jikelele. Eli nyathelo alibonisanga kuphela iindlela ezikhoyo zenkxaso-mali kodwa likwabethelele imfuneko yomanyano olungakumbi kunye buchule ucwangciso lwezemali ukuqokelela ngempumelelo izixhobo Ulondolozo lwendalo.

Nangona kunjalo eIreland, iNgxaki yeBiodiversity isayothusa

​I-Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Iinkonzo ze-Ecosystem (IPBES) ikhuphe uvavanyo lwehlabathi oluqaqambisa ukwehla okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili indalo, ezinezityalo ezingaphezu kwesigidi ezisesichengeni sokuphela. Oku kuwohloka kwenkqubo yendalo kubeka emngciphekweni uqoqosho, ukhuseleko lokutya, impilo, kunye nomgangatho wobomi kwihlabathi liphela, kujongela phantsi inkqubela efikelela kuma-80 ekhulwini ngalinye. Uphuhliso oluphathekayo Goals

EIreland, le ngxaki iyothusa ngendlela efanayo. Malunga nama-31,000 ezilwanyana ezaziwayo, kuphela malunga ne-10% esele ivavanyiwe, iveza ukuba i-20% isengozini yokuphela. Ngokucacileyo, isinye kwisithathu seentlobo zeenyosi zijongene nokutshabalala, kunye neentlanzi ezinophawu njengesalmon yaseAtlantic, i-eel yaseYurophu, kunye ne-angel shark ziye zehlelwa yintlekele. Iintlobo zeentaka ezifana ne-curlew kunye ne-corncrake nazo ziyancipha kakhulu. Ukongeza, iindawo zokuhlala ezikhuselweyo phantsi kwe-EU Habitats Directive zibone ukuwohloka kwimeko yolondolozo, kwaye inani lezinambuzane liye lehla kakhulu, okukhokelela kumasimi athuleyo kunye neeheji. Ukudibanisa le miba yinkxaso-mali engapheliyo ye ulondolozo lwendalo ngurhulumente.

​

Nangona le mingeni, kukho uphuhliso oluhle. Ubume bolondolozo lwezinye iintlobo ezikhuselweyo phantsi kwe-Habitats Directive ziphuculwe, kunye neentlobo ezintandathu ezibonisa utshintsho oluhle kunye ne-80% ngoku izinzile. Izikimu ezikhethekileyo zokulima okusingqongileyo zijolise ekulondolozweni kweentlobo ezifana ne-hen harrier, curlew, kunye ne-freshwater pearl mussel. I-All-Ireland Pollinator Plan iye yasebenzisana ngempumelelo noluntu, amashishini, kunye noogunyaziwe bengingqi kulawulo lomhlaba olusebenzayo ukulungiselela abashicileli bemvumvuzelo kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Ukuqonda koluntu kuyakhula, kunye nokwanda kwentatho-nxaxheba yabemi kwisayensi kunye nenguqu ephawulekayo phakathi kwamafama kwiinkqubo ezihambelana nezityalo nezilwanyana.​

UGqr. Liam Lysaght, uMlawuli weZiko leeNkcukacha ze-Biodiversity yeSizwe, ugxininisa ukungxamiseka kotshintsho oluguqukileyo, kubandakanywa ukuhlengahlengiswa kwenkqubo kuyo yonke imiba yezobuchwepheshe, yezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Uthethelela imigaqo-nkqubo efuna ukuba iifama zifumane inkxaso-mali ukuba zinikezele ubuncinci i-20% yomhlaba wazo ukwandiswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo amanyathelo. ULysaght ucela urhulumente ukuba akhokele ekujonganeni nengxaki yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, ekhuthaza imekobume yokunyaniseka, iingxoxo ezisekelwe kubungqina kunye nezisombululo ezisebenzisanayo.

Andizange ndibe nayo nayiphi na ingxaki yokufumana impembelelo; i-Ireland yayisoloko ilapho, uyazi? Bonke obu butyebi benkcubeko bebukho. -Brendan Gleeson​

Ayalend IsiCwangciso sokuSebenza seSizwe sesi-4 seZityalo ezahlukeneyo

​Isicwangciso se-4 seSizwe se-Ireland se-Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), enesihloko “Izenzo Zendalo”, itshatisa ikhosi ebanzi yokulondoloza nokubuyisela indalo eyohlukeneyo yesizwe ukususela ngowama-2023 ukuya kowama-2030. Yaziswa ngoJanuwari ka-2024, isicwangciso sichaza amanyathelo ali-194 ekujoliswe kuwo ajolise ekubuyiseleni umva. ilahleko yendalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzibophelela okunzulu koluntu kulondolozo lwendalo.​

Isicwangciso sesine seNational Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) saseIreland, esinesihloko “Izenzo Zendalo”, imele utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwindlela yesizwe yolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Okokuqala, isicwangciso sixhaswa ngumthetho, obekayo izibophelelo ezisemthethweni kumaqumrhu oluntu ukuba athathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiinzame zokhuseleko lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. iwdg.ie

I-NBAP ichaza izenzo ezikhethekileyo ezili-194 ezijoliswe ekujonganeni nokwehla okothusayo kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland. Ngokucacileyo, phantse isinye kwisithathu seentlobo zezilwanyana ezikhuselwe yi-EU kunye nama-85% eendawo zokuhlala ezixabisekileyo zelizwe zikwimeko engathandekiyo, kwaye uninzi luhlangabezana nokuwohloka okuqhubekayo. Esi sicwangciso sigxininisa ukudityaniswa kweengqwalasela zezinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente noluntu, ukukhuthaza indlela “yonke-karhulumente, kuluntu lonke”.

Amanyathelo aphambili aquka ukwandisa iipaki zelizwe, ukulwa izilwanyana ezihlaselayo, ukuqinisa unyanzeliso lolwaphulo-mthetho kwizilwanyana zasendle, nokukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali in iinzame zolondolozo. Esi sicwangciso sikwabandakanya izindululo ezivela kwiNdibano yaBemi malunga neLahleko yeZityalo ezohlukeneyo kwaye iphonononga ukubanakho ukuqondwa kwamalungelo endalo, okunokwenzeka ngohlengahlengiso lomgaqo-siseko.

Ngokuhambelana neenjongo zeManyano yaseYurophu ngokubanzi, i-NBAP ixhasa i-EU's ukubuyisela indalo ngokumisela iithagethi ezibophelela ngokusemthethweni i-ikhosistim ukubuyisela kunye nokuthintela intlekele. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sibanzi sigxininisa ukuzinikela kwe-Ireland ekubuyiseleni ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kunye ukudibanisa ingqwalaselo yokusingqongileyo kwizikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe.

IiNjongo eziCwangcisiweyo ezintlanu

I-NBAP yakhiwe malunga neenjongo ezintlanu eziphambili

1. Yamkela uRhulumente uphela, indlela yoMbutho uphela kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo​

2. Kuhlangatyezwana neeMfuno zoLondolozo oluNgxamisekileyo kunye noBuyiselo​

3. Khusela iGalelo leNdalo ebantwini- dlrppn.ie

4. Ukuphucula iSiseko soBungqina bokuSebenza kwiZilwanyana zeNdalo

5. Yomeleza iGalelo le-Ireland kumaNyathelo eZityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeHlabathi​

Ezi njongo zijolise ekuhlanganiseni izinto eziqwalaselweyo ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana kuwo onke amacandelo, ukulungisa imingeni ekhawulezileyo yolondolozo, ukuqonda iingenelo zendalo eluntwini, ukuphucula idatha kunye nophando, kunye nokuqinisa indima ye-Ireland kwiinzame zezityalo nezilwanyana zehlabathi. 

Uphuhliso lweNtsebenziswano

Esi sicwangciso saphuhliswa ngentsebenziswano ebanzi, ebandakanya iQela eliSebenzayo lamasebe ngamacandelo, iForam yeBiodiversity ezimeleyo, kunye nokuqonda okuqokelelwe kwiNkomfa yesi-2 yeSizwe yeZilwanyana zeNdalo. Inkqubo yokubonisana noluntu iye yasiphucula ngakumbi isicwangciso, yaqinisekisa uluhlu olubanzi lweembono eziqwalaselwayo. ​

Ukuphunyezwa kunye neMpembelelo

Ngokuphumeza ezi zenzo, i-Ireland ijolise ekumiseni nasekubuyiseleni umva ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, iqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neenkonzo abazinikezelayo. Isicwangciso sigxininisa i ukubaluleka yokubandakanyeka koluntu, ukuhlanganiswa komgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi ekuphumezeni iinjongo zayo.

Iintlobo zeFauna e-Ireland: Umfanekiso wezilwanyana zasendle kwi-Emerald Isle

Ubuhle bendalo base-Ireland abukho nje malunga namasimi aluhlaza kunye nonxweme olumangalisayo - likhaya kwiintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezinomdla. Ngombulelo kwisimo saso sesiqithi, imozulu epholileyo, kunye nembali ende yezinto ezenziwa ngabantu, izilwanyana zase-Ireland zihlukile, zinezikhewu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kodwa zininzi zeentlobo ezithandekayo zendalo kunye neentlobo.

Iimazi

I-Ireland inezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezimbalwa zomhlaba kunelizwe laseYurophu, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba yodwa emva kwe-Ice Age. Sekunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana eziphawulekayo ziyachuma apha.

• Impungushe ebomvu: Ixhaphakile kwaye iguquguquka kakhulu, ihlala ibonwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nasezidolophini.

• Irish Hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus): I-subspecies ekhethekileyo efumaneka kuphela e-Ireland, eyahlula ngobukhulu bayo kunye noboya obubomvu.

• Pine Marten: Xa sele iphantse yaphela, iye yabuya kwaye idlala indima ekulawuleni oonomatse abangwevu abahlaselayo.

• Deer Red (Cervus elaphus): Iindidi zenyamakazi zaseIreland kuphela, ezifumaneka ikakhulu eKillarney National Park.

• Otters: Ixhaphakile ngasemilanjeni naselunxwemeni, iIreland yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo eYurophu ukuze ubone ezi zidalwa zingabonakaliyo.

Yazisa Izilwanyana ezanyisayo

• Inyamakazi: Yaziswa ngamaNorman kwaye ngoku ixhaphakile.

• Unomatse oMvu: Yaziswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ikhuphisana nonomatse obomvu bomthonyama.

• Muntjac Deer kwaye IMink yaseMelika baphakathi kwabantu abafika kutshanje abaye baphazamisa inkqubo yendalo yasekuhlaleni.

iintaka

IIreland likhaya leentaka, ngakumbi iintlobo zeentaka ezifudukayo kunye neentaka zaselwandle.

• Iipuffins: Nest kumawa aselunxwemeni kwiindawo ezifana neSkellig Michael kunye neRathlin Island.

• Barn Owl: Irhamncwa elihlayo kodwa elinomfanekiso wasebusuku.

• Chough: Uhlobo olunqabileyo lwamagwababa anemilenze ebomvu kunye nebhilikhi egobileyo, efumaneka kwimimandla yonxweme lwasentshona.

• Brent Geese kwaye Iidada zeWhooper: Iindwendwe zasebusika ezivela kwi-Arctic.

• Ukujika: Enye yezona ntaka zisemngciphekweni wokuzalisa e-Ireland, kunye nomnxeba okhwankqisayo obonisa indawo yasemaphandleni.

Ubomi baselwandle

Ejikelezwe luLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki, amanzi aselunxwemeni lwaseIreland atyebile kwiintlobo zaselwandle.

• Amatywina eZibuko kwaye Amatywina aMvu: Ixhaphakile ngaselunxwemeni kunye namachweba.

• Basking Sharks: Intlanzi yesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini, idla ngokubonwa kunxweme olusentshona ehlotyeni.

• IiDolphins: I-Bottlenose kunye needolphin eziqhelekileyo zibonwa rhoqo, ngakumbi eShannon Estuary.

• Makhoba: Iminenga, i-fin, kunye ne-humpback idlula emanzini ase-Ireland ngexesha lokufuduka kwayo.

Amphibians & ezirhubuluzayo

I-Ireland inohlobo olunye kuphela lwendalo nganye:

• Isele eliqhelekileyo (isele lexeshana): Ixhaphake kwaye ikhuselwe phantsi komthetho wase-Ireland.

• INewt egudileyo (Lissotriton vulgaris): I-newt yaseIreland kuphela, ifumaneka kumachibi kunye imigxobhozo.

• Viviparous Lizard (Vivipara zootoca): Ekuphela kwesirhubuluzi sasekuhlaleni, esibonwa ngokuqhelekileyo sihlala ematyeni okanye kwiindunduma.

Izinambuzane kunye nee-Invertebrates

Ubomi be-invertebrate yase-Ireland abuxatyiswanga kodwa bohlukene:

• Butterflies ngathi Peacock, Iqokobhe elincinane loFudo, yaye IMarsh Fritillary (uhlobo olukhuselweyo).

• iinyosi: Iintlobo zeenyosi eziyi-100+, kuquka nezo zisongelwa Inyosi enkulu etyheli.

• Amanzi amatsha iPearl Mussel: Enye yezilwanyana zase-Ireland ezisengozini yokuphela, ezifumaneka kwimilambo ecocekileyo, ehamba ngokukhawuleza.

Izilwanyana eziyingozi

Ngaphandle kobuhle bayo bendalo, iIreland ijongene nelahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izisongelo eziphambili ziquka ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, ungcoliseko, iintlobo ezihlaselayo, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

• Ukujika, Amanzi amatsha iPearl Mussel, yaye Hen Harrier ziphakathi kwezona zisengozini.

• Iiprojekthi zolondolozo ziyaqhubeka, kuquka iinzame zokubuyisela indawo yokuhlala kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona (njenge Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe eKillarney kunye Iokhozi zegolide eDonegal).

I-Pearl Mussel yasemanzini aManzi: Izilwanyana eziphila ixesha elide kunye neziseMngciphekweni wokuTshabalala

The Imbaza yamanzi eperile, ngokwenzululwazi eyaziwa ngokuba yiMargaritifera margaritifera, luhlobo olungaqhelekanga olufumaneka kwimilambo ecocekileyo nebaleka ngokukhawuleza eIreland. Ngomlinganiselo wokuphila ubuncinane iminyaka eli-100, sesinye sezona zilwanyana ziphila ixesha elide kweli lizwe.

le i-bivalve mollusc idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisixokelelwano samanzi ahlaziyekileyo ngokuhluza amanzi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wawo. Ikwasebenza njengenginginya yezinye iintlobo ezininzi, igalelo kwindalo eyohlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, i Imbaza yamanzi eperile ijonge umngcipheko omkhulu ngenxa ye ngco liseko, ngokukodwa intlenge kwimijelo yomlambo.

Ungcoliseko lubeka isoyikiso esibonakalayo kubomi bembaza yasemanzini epearl. Intlenge ebangelwa yimisebenzi efana nezolimo kunye ukwakhiwa ziyakwazi ukuvala iigill zabo eziethe-ethe, zithintele amandla azo okukhupha ioksijini emanzini.

le ngco liseko-ukuhla okubangelwa kukuhla kwabantu akuphelelanga eIreland. KwiYurophu iphela, iipesenti ezingama-90 zeembaza zamanzi acocekileyo zifile. E-Ireland, le ntlobo ihlelwa njengengozi enkulu, igxininisa imfuno engxamisekileyo iinzame zolondolozo ukukhusela indawo yayo yokuhlala.

The Imbaza yamanzi eperile inobuntununtunu kakhulu ngco liseko, ngakumbi intlenge kwimijelo yomlambo.

Ukukhusela ikamva lembaza yasemanzini acwengileyo, kubalulekile ukulungisa ungcoliseko kunye nokuthotywa kweendawo zokuhlala ezibeka esichengeni ubukho bayo. Amanyathelo olondolozo kufuneka kugxininise ekunciphiseni amaqondo ongcoliseko emilanjeni nasekuphumezeni amanyathelo okuthintela ukukhukuliseka kwentlenga.

Ngaphaya koko, ukwazisa abantu ngokubaluleka kolu didi lukhethekileyo kunye nendima yalo ekugcineni inkqubo yendalo yamanzi acocekileyo esempilweni kubalulekile. Ukubandakanya uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, abachaphazelekayo, kunye nabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo kwi iinzame zolondolozo kunokukhokelela kumanyathelo okukhusela asebenzayo.

Izoyikiso Ezijongene Nezinto Ezahlukeneyo Zenzululwazi ZaseIreland

I-biodiversity yaseIreland ijongene nezoyikiso ezininzi, ikakhulu ngenxa imisebenzi yabantu kunye neempembelelo ze ubushushu bukazwe lonke. Ezi zoyikiso ziquka ungcoliseko, ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala, kunye nokuncipha kweentlobo.

Ungcoliseko luyinkxalabo ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwimilambo, amachibi namachweba ethu. Ungcoliseko lwale mithombo yamanzi ibalulekileyo ichaphazela kakubi ubomi basemanzini, kuquka iintlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, kunye nezityalo zasemanzini. Iphazamisa ulungelelwaniso oluthambileyo lwezi zixokelelwano zendalo kwaye ibeke isoyikiso esiqatha kubomi bazo.

Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuwohloka komgangatho nako kunegalelo ekwehleni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland. Malunga nama-85% eendawo zokuhlala ezixabisekileyo zelizwe zinemo engathandekiyo, ebonisa ukuba sesichengeni kwazo. Oku kuquka iindawo zokuhlala zaselwandle, ezifana iingxondorha zekorale kunye neebhedi zengca yolwandle, ezibalulekileyo ekuxhaseni iindidi ngeendidi zezilwanyana zaselwandle. Amathafa eengca, amadlelo engca, kunye namathafa emithi nawo aphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, okukhokelela kwilahleko ekhethekileyo Izityalo nezilwanyana ezixhomekeke kwezi ndawo zokuhlala ukuze ziphile.

 “IIreland, mnumzana, ngokulungileyo okanye ngobubi, ayifani nanye indawo ephantsi kwezulu, yaye akukho mntu unokuchukumisa isoyi okanye ukuphefumla umoya wayo ngaphandle kokuba bhetele okanye mbi ngakumbi.” - George Bernard Shaw

Ezi ndawo zokuhlala ziwohlokayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo ze-ikholoji. Umzekelo, i-peatlands igcina isixa esikhulu sekhabhoni, inceda ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Zikwasebenza njengezihluzi zendalo, ukucoca imithombo yamanzi kunye nokuthintela izikhukhula. Iindawo zengca zibonelela ngeendawo ezixabisekileyo zedlelo kwizilwanyana zasendle kunye nemfuyo, ngelixa amaplanga axhasa iindidi ezininzi zeentaka kwaye abonelela ngemithombo ebalulekileyo njengamaplanga.

"Ilahleko yezi ndawo zokuhlala ibeka emngciphekweni ilifa lethu lendalo kunye nokulungelelana okubuthathaka kwenkqubo yethu yendalo," utsho uGqr. Sarah Johnson, oyintlobo-ntlobo yezinto eziphilayo ingcali kwiSizwe UkuLondolozwa kwezilwanyana Umbutho. “Kubalulekile ukuba sijongane nezi zoyikiso ukukhusela indalo yaseIreland kunye nokuqinisekisa ixesha elide nokuzinza kwi-ecosystem yethu.”

“Izinto eziphilayo ezinciphayo eIreland asingomanani nje akuluhlu; ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-ikhosistim yethu kunye neenxalenye ezingenakubuyiselwa zelifa lethu lendalo. "

Impembelelo yokufudumala kwehlabathi

Iimpembelelo ze ubushushu bukazwe lonke zandisa ngakumbi izoyikiso ezijongene neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokutshintsha kweepateni zemozulu kudala iimeko ezinzima kwiintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo, okuchaphazela amandla azo okuphila nokuzala.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuphazamisana nexesha elicekethekileyo leenkqubo zendalo, ezinjengokufuduka, ukudubula kweentyatyambo nokuzala. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungahambelaniyo phakathi komjikelo wobomi beentlobo kunye nokufumaneka kobutyebi obuyimfuneko obunjengokutya nendawo yokuhlala.

“Amaqondo obushushu ashushu anokukhokelela ekwandeni kweentlobo zezityalo ezihlaselayo, nto leyo esongela ngakumbi izityalo nezilwanyana zalapho,” ucacisa uGqr. Emma Roberts, isazi ngemozulu kwiYunivesithi yaseDublin. “Ezi zityalo zihlaselayo zinokoyisa iintlobo zezityalo zalapha ekhaya, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncitshisweni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuguqulwa kwenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo neendawo eziphilayo.”

Iimpembelelo ze ubushushu bukazwe lonke zibonakala ngokukodwa kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni lwase-Ireland, apho ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kunye nokwanda kweziganeko zesiphango kubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisesichengeni. I-Saltmarshes kunye neendunduma, i-ecosystems ebalulekileyo ebonelela ukhuselo lonxweme kunye nokuxhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo, zisemngciphekweni wokulahleka.

Kucacile ukuba inyathelo elikhawulezileyo liyafuneka ukulungisa izoyikiso ze imisebenzi yabantu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland. Ngokunciphisa ungcoliseko, ukukhusela nokubuyisela iindawo zokuhlala, kunye nokuphumeza Utshintsho lwemozulu amaqhinga, singasebenzela ekubeni ikamva elizinzileyo kwindalo yaseIreland eyodwa neyahlukeneyo.

Ukubaluleka kweNdalo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo

Into ebalulekileyo enegalelo ilahleko yendalo kunye nezoyikiso ezijongene ne-biodiversity yase-Ireland kukungabikho kokubonakala kwendalo ukwenziwa kwezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo. IBhunga leSizwe lezoQoqosho nezeNtlalo (i-NESC) ligxininisa le ngxaki ingundoqo, ligxininisa imfuneko yokuqondwa okukhulu kunye nokuhlanganiswa kokubaluleka kwendalo kwizigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo.

“Ulondolozo lwendalo akufuneki lube yinto nje yokucinga ukwenziwa kwezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo; ifanele ibe ngundoqo kwindlela yethu yokwenza izinto. Ikamva lezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland kuxhomekeke ekudityanisweni kwe ukhuseleko lwendalo kunye namanyathelo okubuyisela kuyo yonke imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, "utshilo uGqr Laura Burke, uMlawuli Jikelele we Ukukhuselwa kwendalo I-Arhente (EPA).

Ngokudibanisa ulondolozo lwendalo kungena ukwenziwa kwezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo iinkqubo, singaqinisekisa ukuba ukukhuselwa kwendalo inikwa ingqwalaselo efanelekileyo kunye nokuba iimpembelelo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji zivavanywa ngokuchanekileyo. Kuthetha ukuvuma ukubaluleka kwexabiso lendalo kunye nokuqaphela ukuba ulondolozo lwayo luhamba kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nempilo yesizukulwana sangoku kunye nekamva.

Ukuphendula ngumba ophambili wokwenziwa kwezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo. Kubandakanya ukuthwala uxanduva ngemiphumo yethu stock kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo kunye stock ukulungelelanisa nenjongo ye ulondolozo lwendalo. Izikhokelo zowiso-mthetho ezibamba abenzi bezigqibo ukuba baphendule ngokukhuselwa kunye nokubuyisela Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo zibalulekile ukubuyisela umva iindlela zokuhla.

Ukudibana phakathi kweeNGO, oogunyaziwe bengingqi, kunye noluntu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqulunqeni izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo nokuphunyezwa ulondolozo lwendalo amanyathelo. Ngeenzame ezidibeneyo kunye noxanduva olwabiweyo, singakwazi ukudala ikamva elizinzileyo ngokubeka phambili ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ibonisa ukubaluleka kwendalo kuyo yonke imiba yokuthatha izigqibo.

Indima yeeNGO, ooGunyaziwe baseKhaya, kunye noluntu

Ii-NGO, oogunyaziwe bengingqi, kunye noluntu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ulondolozo lwendalo kunye nokuphembelela iinkqubo zokuthatha izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Ubungcali babo, iinzame zabo, kunye nokuzibandakanya koluntu kunegalelo kuphuhliso kunye ukuqaliswa olusebenzayo izicwangciso zolondolozo. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiindibano, ukunika ulwazi lwenzululwazi, kunye nokwazisa ngokubaluleka kwendalo, aba bachaphazelekayo banamandla okubumba imigaqo-nkqubo ebeka phambili ukhuseleko lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo.

Imizekelo yeNtsebenziswano eyimpumelelo

Umzekelo omnye ophumeleleyo we Intsebenziswano phakathi kweeNGOs, amagunya asekuhlaleni, kunye noluntu yiNkqubo yeBurren kwi-County Clare. Eli nyathelo lijolise ekulondolozeni ubume obukhethekileyo belitye lekalika eBurren ngelixa lixhasa ulondolozo lwezolimo. Ngokubandakanyeka kwamafama asekuhlaleni, ezenzululwazi Iingcali, kunye nemibutho yolondolozo, inkqubo ikhusela biodiversity, igcina inkcubeko elilifa lethu, kwaye ibonelela ngamathuba ezoqoqosho kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni.

Omnye umzekelo yiDublin Bay Biosphere Partnership, a Intsebenziswano phakathi kweDublin isixeko IBhunga, iBhunga laseFingal County, i-Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council, kunye neKhansile yeSithili sase-Dublin yaseMzantsi. Le ntsebenziswano isebenza ukulungelelanisa iinzame zolondolozo kunye imisebenzi yabantu kwindawo yaseDublin Bay, ukukhuthaza ukhenketho oluzinzileyo, imfundo, kunye ukubandakanyeka koluntu kulondolozo lwendalo.

ULondolozo lweNdalo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo zoMgaqo-nkqubo: Ikhwelo loTshintsho

Njengoko i-Ireland ijongene nemingeni eyandayo ekukhuseleni ukungafani kwezinto eziphilayo, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ulondolozo lwendalo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Oku kufuna ukuqaphela ixabiso lendalo, ukuseka ukuphendula iindlela, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwee-NGO, oogunyaziwe bengingqi kunye noluntu. Ngokubandakanya indalo kwizigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo, sinokuqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo lelifa lemveli lendalo elityebileyo laseIreland.

Iinzame zoLondolozo lokuBuyisela nokuKhusela iZityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo

Nangona kukho imingeni ejongene neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland, inkqubela ebonakalayo yenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo amalinge olondolozo. Iinzame zokubuyisela nokukhusela iindawo zokuhlala kunye neentlobo ziquka iinkqubo ezigxile kulondolozo lwendalo iindawo ezikhuselweyo, iiprojekthi zokubuyiselwa kwiipaki zesizwe, kunye namanyathelo agxile kwindawo yokuhlala. Inkuthazo kwi ulimo olulungele indalo kunye nezenzo zamahlathi zikwanegalelo kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Ukusebenzisana ne abanini-mhlaba kwaye uluntu lubalulekile kwimpumelelo yala manyathelo, athi ngokuthe ngcembe abuyise umva okunye ukuhla kunye nokubuyisela i-ikhosistim ebalulekileyo efana ne-peatlands.

Elinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo lolondolozo kukusekwa nolawulo lwe iindawo ezikhuselweyo. Ezi ndawo zikhethiweyo, njengeepaki zelizwe, iindawo zokulondoloza indalo, neendawo ezigcina izilwanyana zasendle, ziyindawo ekhuselekileyo yezityalo nezilwanyana. Baqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo zigcinwa kwimisebenzi eyonakalisayo yabantu kwaye zibonelela ngeendawo zokuzalela ezibalulekileyo kunye neendlela zokufuduka kwiintlobo ezininzi.

Ulimo oluhambelana nendalo kunye nezenzo zamahlathi zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Ngokukhuthaza izenzo zezolimo ezizinzileyo ezikhusela kwaye ziphucule indalo esingqongileyo, ezifana ulimo lwezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-agroforestry, la manyathelo anceda ukugcina i-ecosystem esempilweni kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhlalisana kwezolimo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.

“Ulondolozo aluloxanduva lwemibutho okanye oorhulumente kuphela; ifuna intatho-nxaxheba esebenzayo yabanini-mhlaba kunye noluntu lwengingqi. Intsebenziswano ngundoqo kwimpumelelo yeenzame zolondolozo, njengoko ivumela ukwabelana ngolwazi, izibonelelo kunye nobuchule.”

Ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala ngomnye umba obalulekileyo wolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Iiprojekthi zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo zijolise ekubuyiseleni kwisimo sangaphambili isixokelelwano sokuphilisana kwendalo esonakeleyo kunye nokuvuselela iindawo zokuhlala ezixhasayo izityalo zemveli nezilwanyana. Oku kunokubandakanya imisebenzi efana nale ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, ukubuyiselwa kwemigxobhozo, kunye nokubuyiselwa kweentlobo.

Ukubaluleka kweNtsebenziswano kuLondolozo

Impumelelo amalinge olondolozo ithembele kakhulu kwintsebenziswano phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo, kuquka ii-arhente zikarhulumente, imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente (NGOs), abanini-mhlaba, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Ngokusebenza kunye ekufikeleleni kwinjongo enye, la maqela ahlukeneyo anokudibanisa izixhobo kunye nobuchule bawo, enze okubalulekileyo mpe mbelelo kulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo.

Ukusebenzisana nabanini-mhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko bahlala belawula imimandla emikhulu yomhlaba eneendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo kunye neentlobo. Ngokubandakanya abanini-mhlaba kwiinzame zolondolozo kunye nokubabonelela ngenkuthazo kunye nenkxaso, kuyakwenzeka ukwenza uthungelwano lwe iindawo ezikhuselweyo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezibuyiselweyo ezinokuthi zincede izilwanyana zasendle kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukuqukumbela, ngaphandle kwemicelimngeni evezwa ngu ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala, ungcoliseko, kunye iintlobo ezinciphayo, amalinge olondolozo eIreland enza inkqubela ekubuyiseleni nasekukhuseleni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Iinzame ezifana nolondolozo lweendawo ezikhuselweyo, ulimo olulungele indalo izenzo, kunye ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala Iiprojekthi zibalulekile ekugcineni ilifa lendalo elikhethekileyo laseIreland. Ngokusebenza ngokubambisana, sinokuqinisekisa ukusinda kwexesha elide lezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-ecosystems, ukudala ikusasa elizinzileyo kwindalo kunye noluntu lwabantu.

Indima yokunyanzeliswa kwisenzo seBiodiversity

Isicwangciso sesenzo sesizwe sesine sezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo (NBAP) e-Ireland sazisa icandelo elibalulekileyo ukuqhuba utshintsho olunempembelelo: ukunyanzeliswa. nge ukunyanzeliswa, imibutho yoluntu inokunyanzeliswa ngokusemthethweni ukuba ithathe inyathelo ekukhuseleni nasekubuyiseleni i-biodiversity yaseIreland. Oku kudlulela ngaphaya kweenzame ezingeyomfuneko njengokutyala imithi kunye neentyatyambo zeentyatyambo kwaye igxininisa imfuno ebonakalayo stock oko kwenza umahluko wokwenene.

Ngokubamba imibutho yoluntu uxanduva nge izibophelelo ezisemthethweni, ukunyanzeliswa iqinisekisa ukuba iinzame zolondolozo ayizontshukumo nje zomfuziselo kodwa zikhokelela kumanyathelo anentsingiselo ukukhusela ilifa lendalo elixabisekileyo laseIreland. Ibonelela ngesakhelo se imibutho yoluntu ukuba negalelo elibonakalayo kwi ulondolozo lweentlobo, ukhuseleko lwendawo yokuhlala, yaye Ukubuyiselwa kwendalo. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekujonganeni nezoyikiso ezibalulekileyo ezijongene neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland kunye nokubuyisela umva iindlela zokuhla.

Ngaphaya koko, ummiselo omtsha we-EU wokubuyiselwa kwendalo, kunye neethagethi zawo ezibophelelayo ngokusemthethweni, uya kuphucula ngakumbi impembelelo yezenzo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Lo mmiselo uya kuqhuba iinzame zokubuyisela indalo, ngakumbi kwimimandla enesakhono esiphezulu ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, uthintelo lweentlekele zendalo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yendalo. Indibaniselwano yokunyanzeliswa kwesizwe kunye nemithetho ye-EU idala isakhelo esomeleleyo solondolozo olubanzi lwezityalo nezilwanyana e-Ireland.

“Isenzo sezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo sifuna okungakumbi kuneenjongo ezintle; ifuna izenzo eziqinisekileyo kwaye izibophelelo ezisemthethweni ukukhusela ilifa lethu lendalo.”

Ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okunyanzeliswa kubonisa ukuzibophelela kwe-Ireland ekujonganeni nemingeni engxamisekileyo yelahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokuthotywa kweendawo zokuhlala. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imibutho yoluntu ithatha amanyathelo akhawulezileyo ukulondoloza nokubuyisela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ukunyanzeliswa kuvula indlela yekamva elizinzileyo apho i-Ireland eyodwa ye-ecosystem kunye neentlobo zinokukhula.

Imfuneko yoCwangciso-mali lweNkunzi yeNdalo kuLondolozo

Inkunzi yendalo accounting idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunikeni ingxelo ngexabiso lendalo kunye nokudibanisa idatha yokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo yee-akhawunti zesizwe imisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Ngokubandakanya imigaqo ye i-accounting eyinkunzi yendalo, sinokulinganisa ngokuchanileyo size sizixabise iingenelo eziziswa yindalo kuluntu.

Ukusebenzisana nendalo ibalulekile kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye neenzame zolondolozo olusebenzayo. Ubalo lwemali eyindalo kusivumela ukuba siqonde ukubaluleka kwemithombo yethu yendalo esingqongileyo kwaye senze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nolwabiwo lwezibonelelo. Isinceda ukuba siqaphele i ixabiso lezoqoqosho of Iinkonzo zendalo, njengomoya ococekileyo, amanzi, nomhlaba, kunye negalelo lazo imisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

IBhunga leSizwe lezoQoqosho kunye neNtlalo (NESC) ligxininisa ukubaluleka kobalo lwemali eyinkunzi yendalo ekujonganeni nemingeni yokukhusela nokubuyisela i-biodiversity yaseIreland. Ngokumisela i ixabiso lezoqoqosho of Uvimba wendalo, sinokubonisa ixabiso lokwenene lemizamo yokulondoloza kwaye sikhuthaze inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwazo.

"Ubalo lwemali lwendalo lusenza sikwazi ukusebenzisana nendalo kwaye sidibanise uzinzo ekuthatheni izigqibo kwezoqoqosho."

Izibonelelo zoCwangciso-mali lweNkunzi yeNdalo

1. Ukuphuculwa kokwenziwa kwezigqibo: I-Natural capital accounting ibonelela ngesikhokelo esibanzi sokuvavanya ii-asethi zokusingqongileyo kunye nendima yazo ekuxhaseni imisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Oku kwenza ukuba abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, amashishini, kunye noluntu luthathe izigqibo ezinolwazi olulungelelanisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye ukugcinwa kwendalo.

2. Ukulinganisa Impembelelo kokusiNgqongileyo: Ubalo-mali lwemali eyindalo luvumela ukubalwa nokubekwa kweliso idatha yokusingqongileyo, kubandakanywa impembelelo yemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kwindalo esingqongileyo. Olu lwazi lunokunceda ekuchongeni iindawo ezixhalabisayo kwaye lukhokele iinzame zolondolozo ekujoliswe kuzo.

3. Ukuxabisa iiNkonzo ze-Ecosystem: I-accounting eyinkunzi yendalo ivumela ukuba sinikeze ixabiso lezoqoqosho kwiinkonzo kunye neenzuzo ezinikezelwa yi-ecosystems, ezifana nokuhluthwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi. Olu qingqo-maxabiso lunceda ukwazisa ngokubaluleka koqoqosho lokulondoloza ubutyebi bendalo.

4. NONE Ngokuqaphela ixabiso lenkunzi yendalo, abachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, kuquka oorhulumente, uluntu, kunye namashishini, banokusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo kwiinjongo ezifanayo zolondolozo. Le ntsebenziswano ikhuthaza uphuhliso lwezisombululo ezitsha kwaye iphakamisa impumelelo yeenzame zolondolozo.

I-Case Study: Ubalo-mali lokusiNgqongileyo e-Ireland

E-Ireland, iSebe lezokusiNgqongileyo, iMozulu kunye noNxibelelwano liphumeze iNkqubo yeAkhawunti yezoQoqosho (SEEA) ukudibanisa. idatha yokusingqongileyo kwii-akhawunti zesizwe. Oku kubonelela ngombono opheleleyo wonxibelelwano phakathi koqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Iinzame eziqhubekayo ziyenziwa ukuphucula ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nocazululo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kobalo lwemali eyinkunzi ekukhokeleni izenzo zolondolozo.

Ikhaphetshu yaseMelika yeSkunk: Izidalwa eziHlabazayo eIreland

The Ikhaphetshu ye-skunk yaseMelika, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuba yiLysichiton americanus, ayingowabemi bomthonyama, iintlobo ezingahlaseliyo oko kwenze indlela yayo ukuya eIreland. Imvelaphi yasentshona kuMntla Melika, esi sityalo siye saba ngunobangela wokuxhalaba njengoko sinakho ukwenza iipatches ezixineneyo nezingangenekiyo iindawo ezimanzi. Ezi zityalo zinokukhuphela ngaphandle ezinye izityalo, ziphazamisa ulungelelwaniso oluthambileyo lwenkqubo yendalo enomgxobhozo enobuthathaka.

“Indalo ehlaselayo yekhaphetshu yaseMelika ibeka isoyikiso kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo iindawo ezimanzi eIreland. Inamandla okumelana nokushenxisa izityalo zomthonyama, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nendawo yokuhlala yezinye izinto eziphilayo.”

Nangona Ikhaphetshu ye-skunk yaseMelika ayisasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengesityalo segadi, yaziswa ngabom kwi-Woodfield Bog e-Co. Offaly ngexesha le-1930s. Ukusukela ngoko, ukusasazeka kwayo kukholelwa ukuba kwenzeka ngokwemvelo, okuthetha ukuba kungathatha iminyaka emininzi ukuba uhlobo luzinze kakuhle kwiindawo ezintsha.

Impembelelo kwiiNdawo zoMgxobhozo

Imixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwendalo emigxobhozo ziindawo zokuhlala ezizodwa nezixabisekileyo ezixhasa iindidi ngeendidi zezityalo nezilwanyana. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhluzeni amanzi, uthintelo lwezikhukhula, kunye nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlasela kwe Ikhaphetshu ye-skunk yaseMelika ibeka isoyikiso esibonakalayo kulungelelwaniso oluthambileyo lwezi zixokelelwano zendalo.

• Amabala ashinyeneyo ekhaphetshu le-American skunk anokoyisa kwaye asuse izityalo zemveli, anciphise ukufumaneka kokutya kunye nekhusi kwezinye iintlobo.
• Ukongamela kwayo kunokuguqula i-hydrology ye iindawo ezimanzi, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kwiipatheni zokuhamba kwamanzi kunye ukujikeleza ngezondlo.
• Iikhompawundi zeekhemikhali ezikhutshwe sisityalo zinokuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo ezingabamelwane kwaye ziphazamise intsebenziswano yendalo ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem.

Lo mfanekiso ubonisa iintyatyambo ezityheli ezahlukileyo zekhaphetshu zaseMelika, ezivumela ukuchongwa lula entsimini.

Ukulawula i-American Skunk Khaphetshu

Izicwangciso zolawulo olusebenzayo ziyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe ukwanda ngakumbi kunye neempembelelo American skunk ikhaphetshu kwiindawo ezimanzi Ireland kaThixo. Ezi zicwangciso zingabandakanya:

1. Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nokusabela ngokukhawuleza kohlaselo olutsha ukuthintela ukusekwa kweentlobo kwiindawo ezintsha.
2. Ukubeka iliso kunye nophando ukuqonda ngcono ukuziphatha kwesityalo kunye neempembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho kwizinto eziphilayo zendalo.
3. Amanyathelo okulawula afana nokususwa kwezityalo ngesandla, unyango lwe-herbicide, okanye imiqobo ebonakalayo ukunciphisa ukwanda kweentlobo.
4. Ukubuyiselwa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwisimo sangaphambili seendawo zemigxobhozo ezichaphazelekayo ukukhuthaza ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwezityalo nezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni.

Itheyibhile: Isishwankathelo seMpembelelo kunye noLawulo lwe-American Skunk Cabbage

Kubalulekile ukujongana nobukho kunye neempembelelo zekhaphetshu zaseMelika ukukhusela ingqibelelo yeendawo ezimanzi zaseIreland. Ngokuphumeza amaqhinga olawulo asebenzayo kunye nokwazisa malunga nendalo ehlaselayo yolu hlobo, kuyenzeka ukunciphisa iziphumo zayo ezibi kunye nokulondoloza iyantlukwano yebhayoloji yezi zinto zixabisekileyo.

Iimpawu ezintle kunye nekamva eliqaqambileyo loLondolozo lweZityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo

Phezu kwawo nje ucelomngeni olukhulu olujamelene neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland, kukho imiqondiso ekhuthazayo yokuba ilahleko yendalo inokubuyiselwa umva. Kubalulekile ukunyusa amanyathelo olondolozo phantsi kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abohlukeneyo ukuphumeza le njongo.

Ukuzinikela kunye neenzame zemibutho ekumgangatho woluntu, ii-NGO, kunye nabasemagunyeni basekhaya badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni nasekubuyiseleni iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezilwanyana zasendle. Ukuzinikela kwabo kuzisa utshintsho oluhle kwaye kunceda ukubuyisela i-biodiversity yaseIreland.

Ukusebenzisana nabanini-mhlaba ngomnye umba obalulekileyo kwiinzame zolondolozo. Amalinge agxininise ekusebenzeni kunye nabanini-mhlaba angqineke esebenza, njengoko benomdla wokulondoloza imo engqongileyo yengingqi yabo kunye nokukhulisa izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo.

Iiprojekthi zolondolozo kunye nemijelo yenkxaso-mali ebeka phambili intsebenziswano ivelise iziphumo ezibalulekileyo. La manyathelo aqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zabiwa ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo, kwandisa impembelelo entle kwizinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo.

Intsebenziswano ngundoqo ukubuyisela umva ilahleko yendalo kunye nokukhusela ilifa lendalo elikhethekileyo laseIreland.

Ikamva lolondolozo lwendalo ezahlukahlukeneyo eIreland linesithembiso. Ngokuqhubeka nokwakha phezu kwe iimpawu ezintle kunye nokomeleza iinzame zentsebenziswano, singenza inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo ekubuyiseleni umva iindlela zokuhla kunye nokubuyisela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zendalo yase-Ireland.

Amanyathelo oLondolozo lweNqanaba loLuntu

Ulondolozo lwenqanaba loluntu amalinge abe luncedo ekukhuseleni nasekubuyiseleni izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke elase-Ireland. La manyathelo ahlanganisa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, abantu ngabanye, kunye nemibutho ukuze basebenze ngokuhlangeneyo bafikelele kwinjongo enye - ukulondoloza nokuphucula indalo esingqongileyo.

Ngeeprojekthi eziqhutywa luluntu, amaphulo okwazisa, kunye amathuba okuzithandela, uluntu luthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiinzame zolondolozo. Le ndlela yokusebenza ephantsi ikhuthaza imvakalelo yobunini noxanduva, iqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide lwezenzo zolondolozo.

La manyathelo akumgangatho woluntu akancedisi nje kuphela ukubuyisela umva ilahleko yendalo kodwa ikwakhuthaza unxibelelwano olomeleleyo phakathi koluntu kunye nehlabathi lendalo. Ngokuxhobisa abantu ngabanye kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano, sinokwenza ikamva eliqaqambileyo lezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland.

Ukubaluleka kweBiodiversity kwiNtlalontle kunye noQoqosho

Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uzinzo lwendalo, kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kudlulela ngaphaya koko. Ibalulekile kwintlalontle yomntu ngamnye kunye noqoqosho. Uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwe Iinkonzo zendalo ezibonelelwa yi biodiversity ngqo igalelo yethu impilo yengqondo kunye nomzimba.

Iinkonzo ze-ecosystem ezifana nomoya ococekileyo, amanzi, umhlaba, kunye nemithi zinempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yethu iyonke. Umoya ococekileyo kunye namanzi zibalulekile impilo yokuphefumla kunye ne-hydration, ngelixa umhlaba ophilileyo ukhuthaza izityalo ezityebileyo kunye nenkqubo yokutya ezinzileyo. Imithi, ayihombisi indawo esingqongileyo nje kuphela, kodwa ikwabonelela ngomthunzi, ifunxa ikharbon diokside, kwaye iphucule umgangatho womoya.

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezithe ngqo kwimpilo yabantu, izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo zikwasebenza njengexabiso umthombo wokuzonwabisa. Imisebenzi esekwe kwindalo, njengokuhamba intaba, ukubukela iintaka, kunye nokufota izilwanyana zasendle, ikhuthaza intshukumo yomzimba, inciphisa uxinzelelo, kwaye iphucula impilo yengqondo. Ukuntywiliselwa kwindawo yendalo kuye kwangqinwa ukuba kuneziphumo ezilungileyo ekugxininiseni, ukuyila, kunye nolonwabo luphela.

“Ukuchitha ixesha kwindalo kunempembelelo enamandla kwimpilo yethu impilo yengqondo kunye nomzimba. Isenza sibe nemvo yoxolo nenzolo, isinceda sihlukane nobomi bethu obuxakekileyo size sithuthuzeleke kubuhle bendalo.” – UGqr Emma Jones, iNgqondo yeeNgqondo zeNdalo

Ukongezelela, iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni uqoqosho. Ukhenketho olusekelwe kwindalo luxhomekeke kakhulu kwimbonakalo yomhlaba eyodwa, izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nemitsalane yendalo ebonelelwa yibhayoloji. Iindwendwe zitsalwa kwiindawo ekusingwa kuzo ezibonelela ngamathuba okusebenzisana nendalo, igalelo kuqoqosho lwengingqi ngendawo yokuhlala, ukutya, kunye nemisebenzi yolonwabo.

Ukuliqonda ixabiso lezoqoqosho kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ulondolozo nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo. Utyalo-mali kulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo alukhuseli nje ubuncwane bendalo obuxabisekileyo kodwa lukwaxhasa imizi-mveliso exhomekeke kwiinkonzo zenkqubo yendalo. Ngokugcina nokubuyisela iindawo zokuhlala, siqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwexesha elide kwezi nkonzo kwaye sinegalelo ekomeleleni nasekuchumeni koqoqosho lwethu.

Ixabiso lezoQoqosho lweZilwanyana zeNdalo

Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zizinto ezixabisekileyo ezisinceda thina ngokobuqu nangokwezoqoqosho. Ngokuxabisa nokukhusela ilifa lethu lendalo, sinokuqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo elixhamlisa isizukulwana sangoku nesizayo.

Ukuthatha okuQatha:

• I-biodiversity yaseIreland iquka iindidi ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo.
• Ulondolozo lwasendle ibalulekile ekugcineni ilifa lendalo laseIreland.
• Ukukhusela Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo ibalulekile ekuzinziseni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
• Izilwanyana eziyingozi zifuna amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuthintela ukuphela kwazo.
• Ukukhuselwa kwendalo Iinzame zibalulekile ekukhuseleni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland.

isiphelo

I-biodiversity yase-Ireland yi-asethi exabisekileyo neyodwa efuna inyathelo elingxamisekileyo ukuze kugcinwe kwaye kukhuselwe iintlobo zayo kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Ngentsebenziswano yoluntu, ii-NGO, kunye nabasemagunyeni basekhaya, singasebenza kunye ukukhusela ilifa lendalo laseIreland.

Ukukhusela nokubuyisela iindawo zokuhlala zendalo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubukho bezityalo nezilwanyana zaseIreland. Ngokugcina izilwanyana ezisengozini kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala, singakwazi ukubuyisela umva iindlela zokuwohloka kunye nokudala ikamva elizinzileyo lezinto zethu ezityebileyo nezahlukeneyo.

Ngokunyanzeliswa kwesicwangciso sokusebenza sesizwe sezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemimiselo yokubuyisela indalo, sinakho ukwenza impembelelo ebalulekileyo. Ngokubeka izinto ezibalulekileyo kwindawo yazo ulondolozo lweentlobo, ukhuseleko lwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nentsebenziswano, sinokubumba ikamva eliqaqambileyo lezinto eziphilayo zaseIreland kwaye siqinisekise ukusinda kwayo kwexesha elide.

Umthombo amakhonkco

• https://biodiversityireland.ie/top10/10-species-at-risk-of-losing/
• https://biodiversityireland.ie/top10/10-most-unwanted-species/
• https://www.irishtimes.com/environment/2024/01/25/irish-biodiversity-loss-can-we-turn-the-tide/