Amabhadi aseMongolia kunye ne-Ecology
Ubusazi na ukuba amabhadi aseMongolia (Procapra gutturosa) yenye yabemi bokugqibela baseAsia bezilwanyana ezingagungqiyo, kunye neendawo zazo ezingama-275,000-km2 ezithathwa njengowona mzekelo useleyo wengca epholileyo. i-ikhosistim?
Iibhadi zaseMongolia kunye nendawo yazo ekhethekileyo zijongene nezoyikiso ezininzi, ikakhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu. Ukuqonda i-ecology yezi zidalwa zimangalisayo kubalulekile kubo nokugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezityebi zaseMongolia eziphilayo.
Ukuthatha okuQatha:
- The Ibhadi laseMongolia ngomnye wabemi bokugqibela baseAsia abaninzi abangama-ungulates.
- Indawo yabo yokuhlala emathafeni ngowona mzekelo useleyo wendalo enengca epholileyo.
- Iibhadi zaseMongolia zijongene nezoyikiso zokuzingela, ukonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo.
- Imizamo yolondolozo zibalulekile ukukhusela amabhadi kunye nendawo yawo yokuhlala.
- Intsebenziswano phakathi uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, amaziko karhulumente, kunye nemibutho yolondolozo ibalulekile ukuze uphumelele amalinge olondolozo.
Ulungelelwaniso lweNdawo yokuHlala kunye nokuziPhatha kweeGazelle zaseMongolia
Amabhadi aseMongolia aphila kakuhle kwindawo enengca, ebandayo nenemozulu epholileyo zendalo of Mongoliya. Banobudlelwane obukhethekileyo beendawo ezithe tyaba ezithe tyaba okanye ezingaguqukiyo kwaye zomile ingca, ngokukhetha indawo yokuhlala emathafeni kunye nentlango ehonjiswe ngamaqoqo ohlaza.
Ezi zidalwa zimangalisayo ziye zavelisa uluhlu lweendlela ezivumela ukuba zikwazi ukuhamba kwaye ziphile kwindawo yazo ekhethekileyo. Olunye lweempawu zabo ezinomtsalane sisantya esimangalisayo, esibavumela ukuba babaleke ngesantya esimangalisayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60-65 km/h. Ukongeza, banesakhono sokutsiba esingaqhelekanga, ukutsiba phezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 yeemitha kunye nokugubungela umgama oziimitha ezi-4-6.
Ngelixa izalamane zabo zebhadi zisenokuba nezivamvo ezikhethekileyo, amabhadi aseMongolia abeka phambili amehlo azo abukhali kunendlela yokujoja okanye yokuva. Olu lwazi lubonakalayo lunceda ekuboneni amarhamncwa kunye nokuchonga imithombo yokutya kunye namanzi kwindawo yawo enengca. indawo.
Ehlala ngokwamaqela unyaka wonke, amabhadi aseMongolia afuna ukhuseleko nobuhlobo boontanga bawo. Ebudeni beenyanga zasebusika eziqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo, la maqela adla ngokuba makhulu njengoko ehlanganisana ukuze amelane nocelomngeni olubangelwa yingqele. Olona phawu luphambili olubenza bahluke kwizilwanyana ezihleli phantsi kukuhamba kwazo rhoqo. Ukunqongophala kokutya kubangela ukuba iibhadi zaseMongolia zifuduke ngamaxesha onyaka, zibanika ithuba lokulandela luhlaza amadlelo.
Iimpawu eziqaphelekayo zeGazelle zaseMongolia
"Ubuchule bokubaleka kunye nokutsiba kweebhadi zaseMongolia, budityaniswe nobuchule bawo bokubona obukhethekileyo, bubavumela ukuba bahambe ngokulula kwiindawo zabo ezizithandayo kunye nentlango."
Uhlengahlengiso kwiiGazelle zaseMongolia
| U lungiso | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
| Isantya esiphezulu | Iibhadi zaseMongolia zinokufikelela kwisantya sokuya kuthi ga kwi-60-65 km/h, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zibaleke amarhamncwa kwaye zigqume imigama emide zikhangela ukutya namanzi. |
| Ukukwazi ukutsiba okuchukumisayo | Ikwazi ukutsiba ukuya kutsho kwi-2 yeemitha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4-6 yeemitha, iibhadi zaseMongolia zisebenzisa izakhono zazo zokutsiba ezimangalisayo ukoyisa imiqobo kunye nokuphepha ingozi. |
| Amehlo Abukhali | Amabhadi aseMongolia athembele kakhulu kumbono wawo okhethekileyo ukuze ahlolisise indawo ezingqongileyo, abhaqe amarhamncwa, kwaye achonge ubutyebi obubalulekileyo kwindawo yawo yokuhlala enengca. |
| Ukuhlala kweQela | Iibhadi zaseMongolia zenza amaqela asekuhlaleni abonelela ngokhuseleko, ubuqabane kunye nentsebenziswano, ngakumbi ngeenyanga zasebusika apho izixhobo zinqongopheleyo. |
| Ukufuduka kwamaxesha athile | Ukuphepha ukunqongophala kokutya kunye nokufuna amadlelo aluhlaza, iigazeli zaseMongolia zifuduka ngamaxesha athile onyaka, zibonisa ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokusabela kokusingqongileyo. |
Ukuveliswa kwakhona kunye neeNguqulelo zabemi
Iibhadi zaseMongolia, ezaziwa ngokwesayensi njengeProcapra gutturosa, zibonisa indlela yokuziphatha enomdla xa kufikwa ekuveliseni nasekuguquleni abantu. Ukuyiqonda le miba kubalulekile ekulondolozweni nasekulawuleni ezi ntlobo zezityalo zimangalisayo.
Ukuzala kwebhadi kuphawulwa ngesithembu, apho indoda enye elawulayo iqokelela iimazi ezimalunga ne-13 ngexesha lokurula. Oku kuziphatha kuqinisekisa ukukhwelana ngempumelelo kwaye kwandisa amathuba okudlulisela imfuza eyomeleleyo kwinzala.
Ixesha lokukhwelana kweebhadi zaseMongolia liqala phakathi kuNovemba kwaye lidlulela ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, libonelela ngefestile emxinwa kwimisebenzi yokuzala. Kungeli xesha ke apho iinkunzi zizibandakanya kukhuphiswano olumandla ukuze zikhuseleke amathuba okuzala neemazi.
“Ixesha lokukhwelana kwamabhadi aseMongolia liqala phakathi kuNovemba ukuya ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, apho amadoda abalaseleyo enza iimazi ezimalunga ne-13.”
Emva kokukhwelana, ixesha lokumitha kwamabhadi aseMongolia lithatha malunga neenyanga ezisi-7. Eli xesha lichithwa ziimazi zilungiselela ukufika kwenzala yazo. Phakathi kuJuni ukuya phakathi kuJulayi, ixesha lokuzala liqala, kwaye iimazi zizala ithole elinye, nangona ukwenzeka kwamawele kunqabile.
Ukutshintsha kwenani leebhadi zaseMongolia iphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela inani labo lilonke. Ukuxhatshazwa ngamarhamncwa endalo, njengengcuka nezinye izilwanyana ezidla inyama, kubangela uloyiko oluqhubekayo kumabhadi. Ukongeza, iindyikityha zezifo kunye nobusika obunzima bunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumanani abo.
"Izinto ezinje ngengozi, ubhubhani wamaxesha athile, kunye nobusika obunzima buchaphazela amandla eebhadi zaseMongolia."
Ngokwe-avareji, amabhadi angamadoda aseMongolia aphila malunga neminyaka eyi-7.5, ngelixa abafazi banokuphila malunga neminyaka eyi-9.5. Obu bude bobomi bufutshane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izilwanyana ezingalawulekiyo, nto leyo egxininisa ngakumbi imfuneko yeenzame zolondolozo ukuze kukhuselwe kwaye kugcinwe indalo. Inani lebhadi laseMongolia.
Ukushwankathela, ukuzala kunye nokuguquguquka kwabantu kwiibhayi zaseMongolia yimiba enomdla kwibhayoloji yabo. Ngokuqonda iindlela zokuziphatha zokukhwelana, ixesha lokumitha, kunye nezinto eziphembelela ukuguquguquka kwabantu, sinokusebenzela ekuqinisekiseni ukubakho kolu didi lubalaseleyo nokulondoloza ukohluka kwebhayoloji eyodwa kwindawo enengca yaseMongolia.
Izoyikiso kwiiGazelle zaseMongolia
The Ibhadi laseMongolia, I izilwanyana eziyingozi, ijongene nocelomngeni olukhulu olubeka esichengeni ubukho bayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwezi zoyikiso kukuzingelwa kwamabhadi aseMongolia ngabantu, okuthe kwanyukela kumanqanaba angazinzanga kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Olu kuzingela lungayekiyo lube nempembelelo enkulu kwi inani lebhadi eMongolia, nto leyo efak’ isandla ekubeni sengozini.
Esinye isoyikiso esibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwiibhadi kuphuhliso lwe iziseko, ingakumbi ukwandiswa kweendlela nothungelwano lukaloliwe. Ezi zakhiwo zenziwe ngabantu zidale imiqobo ethintela ukufuduka kwendalo kwamabhadi, ithintela ukufikelela kwawo kumadlelo alungileyo kunye nemithombo ebalulekileyo. Oku kuphazamiseka kwiindlela zabo zokufuduka kubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo kubemi babo kwaye kwandisa imingeni abajongene nayo.
Ukonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala yenye inkxalabo ebalulekileyo echaphazela amabhadi aseMongolia. Imo iyatshintsha, imililo etshabalalisayo, nokutshintsha kweendlela zokulima zonke zibe negalelo ekuwohlokeni kwendawo abahlala kuyo. Ezi zinto azinciphisi nje kuphela ukubakho kweendawo ezifanelekileyo zokutyisa amadlelo kodwa zikwachaphazela ukumila kwezityalo, ekugqibeleni zibeke esichengeni ukuphila kwamabhadi.
Ukongeza kwizoyikiso ezenziwa ngabantu, iibhadi zaseMongolia zikwajongene nemingcipheko evela kwizilwanyana ezizingelayo kwindawo yazo yendalo. Iingcuka, ezinye izilwanyana ezitya inyama, kunye neenkozi zizitshaba zendalo zamabhadi aseMongolia. Ngelixa ukuhlasela kusisehlo sendalo, indibaniselwano yezenzo zomntu kunye nokutyholwa kwendalo kwandisa ngakumbi ukuba sesichengeni kolu didi lusemngciphekweni wokuphela.
Iinzame zoLondolozo lweeBhadi zaseMongolia
The Ibhadi laseMongolia iye yaqatshelwa njengolona hlobo ekujoliswe kulo kwiinzame zolondolozo yimibutho efana neWCS Mongolia. Le mibutho iyayiqonda ukubaluleka yokugcina inani leebhadi zaseMongolia, kunye nendima ekhethekileyo yendalo eyidlalayo eMongolia.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kwe Inani lebhadi laseMongolia, izenzo zolondolozo zibalulekile. Ezi nzame zibandakanya ukuphumeza imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokuhlangabezana nezoyikiso ezijongene nazo ezi bhadi kunye nendawo yazo.
- Ukunciphisa ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni: Esinye sezona zoyikiso ezinkulu kwiibhadi zaseMongolia kukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni. Imibutho yolondolozo isebenzisana ngokusondeleyo noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ii-arhente zikarhulumente, kunye nabezomthetho ukuze kunyanzeliswe imithetho engqongqo nezohlwayo ukuze kuthintelwe imisebenzi yokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni. Ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuzingela, inani leebhadi zaseMongolia lingagcinwa.
- Ukukhusela iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo: Iinzame zolondolozo zijolise ekuchongeni nasekukhuseleni iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo zebhadi laseMongolia. Ezi ndawo ziyimfuneko ekuzaleni, ekutyiseni nasekufudukeni. Ngokusekwa kwe iindawo ezikhuselweyo kwaye i ukuqaliswa engqongqo amanyathelo olondolozo, ezi ndawo zokuhlala zinokukhuselwa kungenelelo kunye nokonakala kwendawo.
- Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okuzinzileyo izenzo: Izenzo zokusetyenziswa komhlaba ezizinzileyo, ezifana nokutyiswa okujikelezayo kunye nokutshiswa okulawulwayo, ziyakhuthazwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufumaneka kwamadlelo asemgangathweni kwiibhadi zaseMongolia. Ezi zenzo zinceda ukugcina impilo kunye nemfezeko yendalo ehlala kwithafa lengca apho amabhadi axhomekeke kuwo.
- Ukujongana neempembelelo zophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo: Ukwandiswa kweendlela kunye nothungelwano lukaloliwe eMongolia luye lwadala imiqobo yokufuduka kwebhadi kunye nokufikelela kumadlelo amahle. Imibutho yolondolozo isebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nee-arhente zikarhulumente kunye neziseko zophuhliso ababhekisi ukunciphisa ezi mpembelelo kunye nokufumana ezinye izisombululo eziqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kweebhadi zaseMongolia.
Intsebenziswano phakathi koluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ii-arhente zikarhulumente, kunye nemibutho yolondolozo ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yala manyathelo olondolozo. Ngokusebenza kunye, singenza i ikamva elizinzileyo kwiibhadi zaseMongolia kwaye negalelo kububanzi ulondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle imizamo eMongolia.
Caphula:
“Ulondolozo alupheleli nje ekusindiseni izilwanyana; imalunga nokulondoloza inkqubo entsonkothileyo yobomi egcina isijikelezi-langa sethu. Ukukhusela amabhadi aseMongolia linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni indalo eethe-ethe ezikuyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusinda ixesha elide kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseMongolia.” – UGqr. Sarah Thompson, uMlawuli woLondolozo, iWCS Mongolia
isiphelo
Iibhadi zaseMongolia zithatha indima ekhethekileyo nebalulekileyo kwi-ecology yaseMongolia njengomnye wabemi bokugqibela bezilwanyana ezingagungqiyo eAsia. Ezi zidalwa zithandekayo zibalulekile ekugcineni ingqibelelo yendawo enengca epholileyo egquma iMongolia. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuphumeza iinzame zolondolozo olusebenzayo ukukhusela Inani lebhadi laseMongolia kunye neendawo abahlala kuzo kwizigrogriso ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya ukuzingela, ukuthotywa kweendawo zokuhlala, kunye nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo.
Ngokuqinisekisa ubukho bexesha elide leebhadi zaseMongolia, sinegalelo ekulondolozweni kwelizwe laseMongolia. iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo. La manyathelo olondolozo ayimfuneko kungekuphela nje kwiibhadi kodwa nakwinto yonke ibhalansi yendalo kunye nempilo yaseMongolia. Ukugcina iimbonakalo zomhlaba ezintle kunye nezahlukeneyo Zasendle ezenza i-ecology eyodwa yelizwe luxanduva esabelana ngalo sonke.
Kubalulekile ukujongana nemiceli mngeni ejongene namabhadi aseMongolia, kubandakanywa nokuphangwa ngamarhamncwa endalo, ukukhusela ikamva lezi ntlobo zezilwanyana. Ngokukhuthaza ulwazi kunye nozinzo izenzo zolondolozo, sinokunikela ngokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kwezi zidalwa zibalaseleyo, ngoxa sikwakhusela indalo eethe-ethe yaseMongolia. Masisebenze kunye ukugcina amabhadi aseMongolia kunye nobuhle obuninzi ababuzisayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseMongolia.
