IiNdlela zoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo kunye neeNzuzo zazo ziyatyhilwa
IiNdlela zoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo kunye neeNzuzo zazo ziyatyhilwa
Inokuzinza ulawulo lomhlaba izenzo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujonganeni nemingeni yehlabathi efana nokukhula kwentlango, ukuthotywa komhlaba, nembalela. Ngokuphumeza ngempumelelo iindlela zokulawula umhlaba, kubalulekile Iinkonzo zendalo inokugcinwa, ikhokelela ekwandeni ukhuseleko lokutya, imveliso yamandla engingqi, kunye nokufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo ukwenzela amafama amancinci.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga izibonelelo ze ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kunye nobuchule obubandakanyekayo ekugcineni ubutyebi bomhlaba wethu. Ukusuka ekunciphiseni ukuthotywa komhlaba ekunciphiseni imo iyatshintsha iimpembelelo, izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo abe ebalulekileyo mpe mbelelo kweyethu indawo kunye noluntu.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- Iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo zibalulekile ekulweni ubuntlango, ukuthotywa komhlaba, nembalela.
- Ukuphumeza ngokuzinzileyo izicwangciso zolawulo lomhlaba igcina ibalulekile i-ikhosistim iinkonzo kwaye inegalelo ekwandeni ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo.
- Ubuchule bolawulo lomhlaba nceda ukunciphisa ukuthotywa komhlaba, gcina Uvimba wendalo, kunye nokwandisa ukomelela xa ujongene nokutshintsha iimeko zokusingqongileyo.
- Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokutya kuba amafama amancinci kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo ezimbi ukuthotywa komhlaba kunye nokunqaba kwamanzi.
- Ngokugcina ukufuma komhlaba ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunokulawulwa, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wembalela kunye nokwandisa ukomelela kwimimandla eyomileyo.
Ukubaluleka koLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo
Kwixesha lethu leentlekele ezikhulayo kunye nokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa ukubaluleka yolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo. Ukuwohloka komhlaba, ukuba yintlango, kunye nembalela yimiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo echaphazela amawaka ezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusetyenziswa ngokungazinziyo komhlaba namanzi, kunye neziphumo ze imo iyatshintsha, iyayenza mandundu ngakumbi le miba. Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo izenzo, kuquka ezolimo ezizinzileyo, inokunceda ukuthomalalisa ukuthotywa komhlaba, ukugcina ubutyebi bendalo, nokwandisa ukomelela xa ujongene nokutshintsha kweemeko zokusingqongileyo.
Umhlaba namanzi zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso yezolimo kunye nozinzo kwi-ecosystem. Noko ke, izenzo ezingazinzanga ezinjengokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo, iindlela zokunkcenkceshela ezingafanelekanga, nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kukhokelela ekuthotyweni komhlaba, ekunciphiseni ukuchuma komhlaba, nokunqongophala kwamanzi. Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lujolise ekulondolozeni ezi zixhobo ngokwamkela ubuchule obunciphisa Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, phucula umhlaba impilo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela eyiyo. Ngokuphumeza iindlela ezifana ne-terracing, i-agroforestry, kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuchanekileyo, ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo luphucula umhlaba kunye namanzi. nokugcinwa, ukunika amandla zendalo ukuze uluntu luphumelele kwaye uluntu luphumelele.
“Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ulungelelwano oluthambileyo lwenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo nezisingqongileyo. Ngokugcina ubutyebi bomhlaba namanzi, sinokukhusela eziphilayo, ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nokunciphisa imo iyatshintsha,” utsho uGqr. Jane Smith, odumileyo ingcali kulimo oluzinzileyo.
Iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubandakanywa iziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, kugxininisa ngakumbi ukubaluleka kolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo. Ngokwakha iinkqubo zezolimo ezizinzileyo, iindlela zokulawula umhlaba ezizinzileyo zinokunceda amafama aqhelane neemeko zemozulu eziguqukayo kwaye anciphise ukuba sesichengeni kwimbalela nezikhukula. Ubuchule obufana nokwahlukahlukana kwezityalo, ukulinywa kolondolozo, kunye nolawulo oluhlanganisiweyo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo zomeleza isakhono senkqubo ye-agroecosystems ukuze imelane nokothuka kwemozulu nokugcina imveliso, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kwezolimo. iindlela zokuphila.
| IiNzuzo zoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo | Iimpembelelo eziphambili |
|---|---|
| Ukugcinwa kobutyebi bendalo | Ugcina umhlaba, amanzi, kunye nohlaza, ukugcina impilo ye-ikhosistim |
| Ukomelezwa kwemveliso yezolimo | Yandisa izivuno zezityalo kwaye iphucula ukhuseleko lokutya |
| Ukulondolozwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo | Ixhasa iindawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhusela izilwanyana eziyingozi |
| Ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu | Iyancipha ukukhutshwa kwegesi kunye nokwandisa ukuthathwa kwekhabhoni |
Iindidi zokuSetyenziswa koMhlaba kunye neMingeni kwiiNdawo zoMmandla
Iindawo ezinomhlaba owomileyo zijongene nemingeni ethile yokuthotywa komhlaba ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo losetyenziso lomhlaba. Eyona ukusetyenziswa komhlaba wezolimo iintlobo ziquka umhlaba wezityalo, umhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo, yaye umhlaba. Uhlobo ngalunye lubonisa uluhlu lwalo lwemingeni kwaye lufuna iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo ezilungelelanisiweyo ukuhlangabezana nazo.
I-Cropland:
Cropland isetyenziswa ikakhulu yi amafama amancinci ukulima amasimi kunye nezityalo zemali. Nangona kunjalo, ukwandiswa kwamasimi alinyiweyo kunye Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kuzisa imiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezikumhlaba owomileyo. Njengoko umhlaba wezityalo yandisa, kwandisa ukuba sesichengeni ukuba ukuthotywa komhlaba, nto leyo enciphisa ukuchuma komhlaba kwaye inokukhokelela ekunciphiseni imveliso yezolimo. Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, obangelwa ngumoya namanzi, iyenza mandundu ngakumbi ingxaki ngokushenxisa umhlaba ongaphezulu ochumileyo nokufak’ isandla ekonakaleni komhlaba.
Umhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo:
Umhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo ibalulekile kwimveliso yezolimo kwiindawo ezikumhlaba owomileyo kodwa iyakwazi nokuchaphazeleka kwimingeni ethile. Ukufakwa kwetyuwa, okubangelwa kukwakhiwa kwetyuwa emhlabeni, ngumba oqhelekileyo kwi umhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu omphunga kunye nokungonelanga kweendlela zokukhupha amanzi. Ukuzaliswa kwamanzi, okwenzeka xa itafile yamanzi inyukela kufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba, ngomnye umngeni ojongene nawo kwiindawo ezinkcenkceshelwayo. Kokubini ukufakwa kwetyuwa emanzini kunye nokugcwala kwamanzi kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yomhlaba kunye nemveliso yezolimo ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle.
I-Rangeland:
Rangeland isetyenziswa kakhulu ngabafuyi abazulazulayo kwaye ngamandla ngamafama asakhasayo ekutyiseni imfuyo. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lokusetyenziswa komhlaba lujongene nemingeni efana nokutyiswa kakhulu kunye nokuthotywa komhlaba. Ukutyiswa kwamadlelo ngokugqithisileyo kwenzeka xa imfuyo isitya utyani obuninzi kunokuba umhlaba unokubugcina, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukugquma kwezityalo kunye nokukhukuliseka komhlaba. Ukuthotywa komhlaba, okubangelwa kukunyathelwa kweempuphu kunye nokususwa kohlaza, kunegalelo ngakumbi ekuthotyweni komhlaba. umhlaba iindawo.
| Uhlobo lokuSetyenziswa koMhlaba | mngeni |
|---|---|
| Cropland | – Ukwandiswa kwamasimi alinyiweyo – Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba |
| Umhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo | – Ukufakwa kwetyuwa emanzini – Ukugcwala kwamanzi |
| Rangeland | Ukugqithisa emadlelweni – Ukuthotywa komhlaba |
Ulawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo loKhuseleko lokuTya
Iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokutya, ingakumbi kumafama asakhasayo axhomekeke kulimo nje kuphela. Ngokuphumeza oluzinzileyo izicwangciso zolawulo lomhlaba, sinako ukwandisa imveliso yezolimo, sinciphise ukuthotywa komhlaba, kwaye sinciphise ukunqongophala kwamanzi, konke oku kunegalelo kukhuseleko lokutya uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nabemi behlabathi.
Inzuzo engundoqo yolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kukunyuka okunokwenzeka kwezivuno zezolimo. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ngokukhuthaza iindlela zezolimo ezizinzileyo, izivuno zehlabathi zinokunyuka nge-30-170%. Oku kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo esikhulayo sokutya njengoko inani labemi behlabathi liqhubeka lisanda.
Ngaphezu koko, izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zinceda ukujongana nemingeni emibini ebalulekileyo: ukufikelela kumanzi namandla. Ngoku, i-19% yabantu behlabathi abanalo ufikelelo olukhuselekileyo kumanzi amatsha, ngelixa i-30% ingenakufikelela kumandla. Ngokuphumeza izenzo ezizinzileyo oko kukhuthaza ulondolozo lwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, sinokuba negalelo ekunciphiseni ezi zibalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ngakumbi ikamva elizinzileyo.
Ukubonisa ifuthe lezenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kukhuseleko lokutya, makhe sijonge kolu luhlu lulandelayo:
| ilizwe | Ukuphunyezwa kwangaphambili | Emva kokuphunyezwa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isivuno sesityalo (kg/ha) | Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi (m³/ha) | Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (kWh/ha) | Isivuno sesityalo (kg/ha) | Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi (m³/ha) | Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (kWh/ha) | |
| Ilizwe A | 2500 | 5000 | 10000 | 3500 | 4000 | 8000 |
| Ilizwe B | 3000 | 6000 | 12000 | 4000 | 4500 | 9000 |
Njengoko sinokubona kwitheyibhile, emva kokuphumeza iindlela zokulawula umhlaba ezizinzileyo, zombini iLizwe A kunye nelizwe B bafumana ukuphuculwa okuphawulekayo kwisivuno sezityalo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Olu phuculo lunegalelo ekwandeni kokhuseleko lokutya kunye nenkqubo yezolimo ezinzileyo.
Ukuqukumbela, izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokutya. Ngokuphumeza ezi zenzo, sinokwandisa imveliso yezolimo, sinciphise ukuthotywa komhlaba, sinciphise ukunqongophala kwamanzi, kwaye siphucule ukufikelela kumanzi amatsha namandla. Kubalulekile ukuba sibeke phambili ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutya zabemi behlabathi kunye nokwakha ikamva elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo.
Ukunciphisa ukuthotywa koMhlaba kunye nokuPhuhliswa koMhlaba
Ukuthotywa komhlaba ngumba ocinezelayo obeka emngciphekweni imveliso kunye nokuzinza yobutyebi bomhlaba. Ukukhukuliseka komhlaba ongaphezulu, ilahleko ye umhlaba carbon organic, kwaye yehla ukufuma komhlaba amanqanaba onke ayingozi imveliso yokuqala kwaye ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba olugcinakalayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthobeni ukuthotywa komhlaba nasekuphuculeni uphuhliso lomhlaba, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kweenkqubo zezolimo kunye ne-ecosystem.
Ukuzalisekisa iMilinganiselo eFanelekileyo yoLondolozo lomhlaba
Omnye umba ongundoqo wolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo yi ukuqaliswa yomhlaba osebenzayo amanyathelo olondolozo. Ezi ziquka ubuchule obufana nokulima iicontour, ukugada, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezityalo zokugquma ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nokukhuthaza ukungena kwamanzi. Ngokuthintela ukulahleka komhlaba ongaphezulu kunye nokugcina ubume bomhlaba, ezi zenzo zinceda ukugcina ukufuma komhlaba amanqanaba kunye nokuphucula imveliso yokuqala.
"Ukulondolozwa komhlaba sisiseko salo lonke ezolimo." – Hugh Hammond Bennett
Ukukhuthaza ukuHlaziywa kweZenzo zezoLimo
Izenzo zolimo ezihlaziyiweyo, ezifana ne-agroforestry, ukulinywa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuphethulwa kolondolozo, zibalulekile ekuphuculeni uphuhliso lomhlaba. Iinkqubo ze-Agroforestry zikhuthaza ukutyalwa kwe imithi ecaleni kwezityalo, ezinceda ekuphuculeni umhlaba carbon organic umxholo kunye ukujikeleza ngezondlo. Ukulinywa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya ukulima izityalo ezohlukeneyo kunye, nto leyo eyandisa intlupheko yezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba kunye nokufumaneka kwezondlo. Ukulima ngolondolozo kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba, ukugcina ubume bomhlaba kunye nokunciphisa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.
Ngokwamkela ezi zenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo, amafama kunye nabaphathi bomhlaba banokunciphisa ukuthotywa komhlaba, bagcine ukufuma komhlaba, kwaye baphucule. imveliso yokuqala. Ezi zenzo azincedi kuphela kuzinzo lwexesha elide lweenkqubo zezolimo kodwa zikwakhuthaza ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokomelela xa ujongene nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Iinkonzo zoLawulo kunye neNkxaso ezibonelelwa luLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo
Iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zibonelela ngoluhlu lolawulo nenkxaso Iinkonzo zendalo ezibalulekileyo kulondolozo lwamanzi nomhlaba, ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nokwanda kwezivuno kwezolimo. Ezi nkonzo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso kunye nokusebenza kwemixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwezilwanyana nezityalo, ekugqibeleni zinceda abantu bobabini impilo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Iinkonzo ze-Ecosystem
Ukuphunyezwa kweendlela ezizinzileyo zolawulo lomhlaba kunegalelo ekulondolozweni kobutyebi bendalo kunye nokunciphisa ukonakaliswa kwamanzi, umhlaba kunye nezityalo. Ngokwamkela ubuchule obunje ulondolozo lwamanzi nomhlaba, abanini-mhlaba kunye namafama anokunceda ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko, ukugcina ukuchuma komhlaba, kunye nokuphucula impilo yonke ye-ecosystem.
"Izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zibonelela ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokukhusela nokugcina ubutyebi bethu bendalo kwizizukulwana ezizayo."
Ngaphaya koko, izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo ziyaxhasa ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi enegalelo ubushushu bukazwe lonke. Ngobuchule obufana ne-agroforestry kunye nezolimo zolondolozo, ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni kunokwandiswa, kuncede ukuncipha emoyeni CO2 amanqanaba kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukwandiswa kweZivuno
Enye yezitshixo iinzuzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lithuba lokunyuka kwezivuno zezolimo. Ngokuphumeza iindlela ezizinzileyo zolimo ezifana nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo, ukulinywa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nolawulo oluhlangeneyo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, amafama anokwandisa imveliso yawo ngelixa egcina impilo yomhlaba kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ezi zenzo azikhokeli nje kuphela kwizivuno eziphezulu kodwa zikwanegalelo ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokuphila kakuhle uluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ishwankathela iinkonzo zolawulo nenkxaso ezibonelelwa lulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo:
| Iinkonzo ze-Ecosystem | IiNdlela zoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo |
|---|---|
| Ukulondolozwa kwamanzi, umhlaba kunye nohlaza | Ulondolozo lwamanzi nomhlaba ubuchule, obufana ne-terracing kunye ne-contour kulima |
| Ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu | I-Agroforestry, ulondolozo lwezolimo, kunye nezenzo zokuthinjwa kwekhabhoni |
| Ukunyuka kwezivuno zezolimo | Izenzo zezolimo ezizinzileyo, kubandakanywa ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo kunye nokulinywa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo |
Ngokuqaphela i ukubaluleka kwezi nkonzo zilawulayo nezixhasayo, ukwamkelwa kwezenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kuba yimfuneko ekuphunyezweni Uphuhliso oluphathekayo iinjongo kunye nokukhusela imveliso yexesha elide kunye nokomelela kobutyebi bomhlaba. Ngokusebenzisa indlela epheleleyo edibanisa imiba yokusingqongileyo, yentlalo, kunye nezoqoqosho, ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lunokuvula indlela eya kwikamva elizinzileyo.
I-Carbon Sequestration kunye nokuNcitshiswa kweGlobal Warming ngoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo
Imisebenzi yolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinjweni kwekhabhoni nasekunciphiseni ubushushu bukazwe lonke. Imihlaba eyomileyo kwimihlaba eyomileyo isoloko inemincinci umhlaba carbon organic (SOC), kodwa ngolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, i-SOC inokwandiswa kakhulu. Oku ukubuyiselwa kwemihlaba ewohlokileyo kunye ne-ecosystem inceda ukubuyisela amachibi ekhabhoni emhlabeni kunye nezityalo ezigqumayo, ezithi zona zihle emoyeni CO2 amanqanaba kwaye inegalelo ekunciphiseni ubushushu bukazwe lonke.
Izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo, ezifana ne-agroforestry kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemihlaba eyonakeleyo, zikhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kwekhabhoni ephilayo emhlabeni, okukhokelela ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni. Ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-SOC kuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba, ukubamba umthamo wamanzi, kunye nokuhamba ngeebhayisikile zesondlo, ukuzuza imveliso yezolimo kunye ukomelela kwi-ikhosistim. Ngaphaya koko, ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni ngolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo sisisombululo esinendleko kunye nexesha elide ekunciphiseni. emoyeni CO2 izinto ezikhutshwayo, ezinegalelo kwiinzame zehlabathi zokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.
The ukubuyiselwa kwemihlaba ewohlokileyo kunye ne-ecosystem hayi kuphela i-sequesters yekhabhoni kodwa ikwabonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezongezelelweyo. Inceda ekuphuculeni ubume bomhlaba kunye nokungena kwamanzi, okukhokelela ekomelezeni ukugcinwa kokufuma komhlaba, okubalulekileyo kwimimandla ethandwa yimbalela. Ukongeza, inkqubo yendalo ebuyiselweyo iyakhuthaza Ulondolozo lwendalo kunye nokuxhasa ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwesityalo semveli iintlobo, inegalelo kwimpilo jikelele kunye nokomelela kweendawo ezikumhlaba owomileyo. Ngezenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, imihlaba eyonakeleyo inokuguqulwa ibe yinkqubo enemveliso nedlamkileyo yendalo ebonelela ngeenkonzo ezininzi ngezendalo.
Ubuchwephesha boLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo lokuThinjwa kweCarbon
Ukuhlutha ngempumelelo ikhabhoni kunye nokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi, ezahlukeneyo ezizinzileyo iindlela zokulawula umhlaba ingaqeshwa. Obu buchule bubandakanya:
- Agroforestry: Ukudibanisa imithi enezityalo zezolimo inceda ukwandisa amanqanaba e-SOC kwaye iphucula iinkonzo ze-ecosystem.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwemihlaba eyonakeleyo: Ukubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili imimandla eyonakeleyo ngokusebenzisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, ukuhluma kwakhona kwezityalo, kunye namanyathelo olondolozo lomhlaba aphucula amandla okuhluthwa kwekhabhoni.
- Ulondolozo lwezolimo: Iinkqubo ezifana nokuphethulwa kweqanda, ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo, kunye nezityalo ezigqumayo zikhuthaza impilo yomhlaba kunye nokuqokelelana kwekhabhoni ephilayo.
- Ukuphuculwa kolawulo lwedlelo: Ukwamkela ukutyiswa okujikelezayo kunye nokuphumeza amaxesha okuphumla kumadlelo kunceda ukubuyisela imeko yendalo yengca kunye nokwandisa ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni.
Ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zokulawula umhlaba ezizinzileyo, sinokufaka isandla kakhulu ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni, ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi, nokukhuthaza ukuzinza kwexesha elide leplanethi yethu.
| Impembelelo yoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo ekuThinjweni kweCarbon | Iziphumo eziphambili |
|---|---|
| Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba ekhabhoni ephilayo emhlabeni (SOC). | Izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zingakhokelela ekunyukeni okukhulu kumanqanaba e-SOC, ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nomthamo wokubamba amanzi. |
| Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ye-atmospheric | Ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni ngolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kunika indlela eneendleko kunye nezinzileyo yokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi. |
| Ukugcinwa kokufuma komhlaba okongeziweyo | Ukubuyisela umhlaba owonakeleyo kunye ne-ecosystem kuphucula ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kokufuma komhlaba, okunegalelo ekomeleleni kwembalela. |
| Ukukhuthazwa kolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo | Imixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwendalo ebuyiselweyo ixhasa ukufunyanwa kweentlobo zezityalo zemveli kwaye inegalelo kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwimimandla eyomileyo. |
Caphula:
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo alukho malunga nokugcina umhlaba kunye nobutyebi bamanzi kuphela; imalunga nokubamba ikhabhoni kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokubuyisela imihlaba eyonakeleyo kunye nokuphumeza izenzo ezizinzileyo, siyakwazi ukuhlutha i-carbon, ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi, kunye nokudala i-ecosystems eyomelelayo enceda abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ngezenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, sinethuba lokujongana nemingeni engxamisekileyo yokuthotywa komhlaba kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngelixa sikhuthaza ukuzinza kwexesha elide leplanethi yethu. Ngokuthinjwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni, ukubuyisela inkqubo yendalo eyonakeleyo, kunye nokwamkela ubuchule bolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, singenza umahluko omkhulu ekunciphiseni ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokugcina impilo kunye nokomelela kwemithombo yethu yendalo.
Ulawulo lwaManzi kunye noLondolozo lokufuma koMhlaba ngoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo
Ulawulo lwamanzi olusebenzayo kunye nokugcinwa kokunyakama komhlaba yimiba ebalulekileyo yeendlela ezizinzileyo zolawulo lomhlaba. Ngokuphumeza izicwangciso ezigxile ukufumaneka kwamanzi kunye nolondolozo lokunyakama komhlaba, sinokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kwemveliso yezolimo, siphucule imveliso yokuqala, kwaye silawule amaqondo emilambo kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwiindawo ezomileyo.
Imisebenzi yolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ubutyebi bamanzi nokugcina ukufuma komhlaba. Ezi nkqubo ziquka:
- Ugcino lweendlela zezolimo ezinciphisa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba kunye nokukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ezifana nokucuthwa kokuhlakula kunye nezityalo zokugquma.
- Ukuvunwa kwamanzi kunye neendlela zokulondoloza, ezifana ne ukwakhiwa zamadama amancinci, iterracing, kunye ne-contouring, ezinceda ukugcina amanzi kunye nokuphucula ukufuma komhlaba.
- Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezisebenzayo, ezifana nokunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi kunye nokulima ngendlela echanekileyo, ukunciphisa ukonakaliswa kwamanzi kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
Ngolu qheliselo lolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, ukungena kwamanzi kuyaphuculwa, kwaye ukugcwala kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kulawulwa. Oku ke, kukhokelela ekuphuculweni kwamaqondo okufuma komhlaba, ukwanda kwemveliso yokuqala, kunye nolawulo oluzinzileyo lokuhamba kwamanzi omlambo naphantsi komhlaba.
Ngokubeka phambili ukulawulwa kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kokunyakama komhlaba, sinokuthomalalisa iimpembelelo zembalela, sinciphise umngcipheko wokunqongophala kwamanzi, kwaye songeze ukomelela kweendawo ezikumhlaba owomileyo. Imisebenzi yolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo isinika izixhobo zokukhusela nokugcina ubutyebi bamanzi axabisekileyo, siqinisekisa ukuba Uphuhliso oluphathekayo yoluntu kunye ne-ikhosistim.
Iinkonzo zeNkcubeko nezeNtlalo ezibonelelwa luLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo
Izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zingaphaya kweenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kwaye zikwabonelela ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko nezentlalo. Ezi zenzo zinceda ukugcina nokukhusela imihlaba yenkcubeko, ezingaxabisekanga kuphela ngokwelifa lemveli nembali kodwa zikwanegalelo kubuni kunye neyantlukwano yenkcubeko uluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Ngokugcina nokukhuthaza izenzo zemveli zokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo luxhasa intlalo yoluntu kwaye luqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwemeko yabo eyodwa. inkcubeko elilifa lethu.
Ukongeza kulondolozo lwenkcubeko, ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Ngokunyusa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okuzinzileyo izenzo, ezifana ne-agroforestry kunye nokugcinwa kwembewu elungelelaniswe ekuhlaleni, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziyagcinwa, zibe negalelo kulondolozo lweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo akubalulekanga kuphela ibhalansi yendalo kodwa nakwiimpilo zoluntu lwasekuhlaleni oluxhomekeke kwimithombo yendalo ukuze bafumane ukutya kunye nokwenza ingeniso.
“Izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zinceda ukulondoloza nokukhusela imihlaba yenkcubeko, ifak’ isandla ekuzazini nasekufaniseni iinkcubeko zabantu basekuhlaleni.”
Iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo nazo ziyaxhasa Uphuhliso oluphathekayo ngokukhuthaza amathuba ezoqoqosho kunye nokomeleza ukomelela. Ngokuphumeza iindlela ezizinzileyo zokusetyenziswa komhlaba, uluntu lunokuzuza iingenelo zexesha elide ezifana nokuphuculwa kokuchuma komhlaba, ukwanda kwemveliso yezolimo, kunye nokufikelela okwandisiweyo kumanzi acocekileyo. Ezi zenzo ziyakhuthaza ubomi obuzinzileyo kunye negalelo kwintlalontle jikelele yoluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yabo yexesha elide.
Ulawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo kunye noLondolozo lweNkcubeko
Omnye wemiba ephambili yolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kulondolozo nokhuseleko lwe imihlaba yenkcubeko. Imihlaba yenkcubeko ichazwa “njengemisebenzi edibeneyo ye indalo kunye noluntu” kwaye lubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwemimandla ephenjelelwa yimisebenzi yabantu, kubandakanywa nezolimo kunye neendawo zasedolophini, kunye iisayithi ezingcwele kunye nezikhumbuzo zembali. Ezi ndawo zibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye zibambe ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko, imbali kunye nokomoya.
Ngokuphumeza izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, imihlaba yenkcubeko inokugcinwa kunye neyabo ukubaluleka inokugcinelwa izizukulwana ezizayo. Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lujolise ekulungelelaniseni ixabiso leekholoji nenkcubeko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugcinwa kommandla wenkcubeko kuhambelana nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kobutyebi bendalo. Le ndlela iqonda unxulumano olukhoyo phakathi kwenkcubeko kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwaye ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuhlalisana ngemvisiswano phakathi koluntu oluhlala luluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Lilonke, izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko nezentlalo ezinegalelo ekugcinweni kommandla wenkcubeko, ukuxhasa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ukulondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngokudibanisa iimfuno zentlalo, ezoqoqosho, kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nemilinganiselo, iindlela zokulawula umhlaba ezizinzileyo zifaka isandla kwintlalontle kunye nokuqina koluntu, ukuqinisekisa ikusasa elizinzileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Indima yeFAO ekuPhakamiseni izenzo zoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo
Umbutho woKutya neZolimo (FAO) idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngamava ayo abanzi kunye nobuchule emhlabeni kunye ulawulo lobutyebi bendalo, FAO inikezela iingcebiso zobugcisa, uphuhliso lwezakhono, kunye nenkxaso ye isicwangciso sobutyebi bomhlaba kumazwe angamalungu kunye namaqabane. Ngamanyathelo ayo, FAO ijolise ekuphuculeni ukwamkelwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo, igalelo ekuphuculweni kwemveliso kunye ukugcinwa kwendalo.
I-FAO inikezela iingcebiso zobugcisa ukunceda amazwe ukuba aphuhlise kwaye aphumeze izicwangciso ezisebenzayo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo. Ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwayo kunye nentsebenziswano, i-FAO inceda ekuchongeni iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula umhlaba kunye nobuchule obujongene nemingeni ethile kunye neemfuno zemimandla eyahlukeneyo. Esi sikhokelo sinceda amazwe ukuba enze izigqibo ezizizo kwaye athathe amanyathelo kulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo.
Uphuhliso lomthamo ngomnye umba ongundoqo womsebenzi weFAO ekukhuthazeni ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo. Iyabonelela uqeqesho, iindibano zocweyo, kunye namaqonga okwabelana ngolwazi ukomeleza izakhono nolwazi lwabachaphazelekayo ababandakanyekayo kulawulo lomhlaba nobutyebi bendalo. Ngala manyathelo okwakha amandla, i-FAO ixhobisa abantu kunye nemibutho ukuba baphumeze iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo ngokufanelekileyo.
IiProjekthi zeFAO kunye namaNyathelo kuLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo
| iprojekthi | inkcazelo | Indawo ekugxilwe kuyo |
|---|---|---|
| Iiprojekthi ezixhaswa ngemali yiGlobal Environment Facility (GEF). | I-FAO iphumeza iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo ezixhaswa ngemali yi-GEF, ezigxile ekulweni ukuthotywa komhlaba, ukukhuthaza iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo, kunye nokwandisa. uphuhliso lwezakhono. | Ukuthotywa komhlaba, ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, uphuhliso lwezakhono |
| Inkxaso yobugcisa kunye ukwabelana ngolwazi | I-FAO ibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa kumazwe, ukwabelana ngolwazi amaqonga, kunye nesikhokelo esicwangcisiweyo sokunyusa kunye nokubandakanya izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo. | Uxhaso lobuchwepheshe, ukwabelana ngolwazi, ukubandakanya ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo |
Ngeeprojekthi namalinge ayo, i-FAO inegalelo kwiinzame zehlabathi zokugcina ubutyebi bomhlaba kunye nokuqinisekisa amandla abo okuvelisa ixesha elide. Ngokukhuthaza intsebenziswano, ukwabelana ngezona ndlela zilungileyo, kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo lobugcisa, i-FAO ixhasa ngokunyanisekileyo amazwe ukuba amkele iindlela zokulawula umhlaba ezizinzileyo, ekugqibeleni zikhokelela ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lokutya, impilo ye-ecosystem, kunye nentlalontle yoluntu.
IiProjekthi zeFAO kunye namaNyathelo kuLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo
Umbutho woKutya nezoLimo (FAO) uthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekuphumezeni iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo kunye namanyathelo agxile kulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo. Ezi projekthi, zixhaswa ngemali liZiko leHlabathi lokusiNgqongileyo (i-GEF), zijolise ekulweni ukuthotywa komhlaba, ukukhuthaza izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, kunye nokomeleza uphuhliso lwezakhono. Ngala manyathelo okuqala, i-FAO ibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa, amaqonga okwabelana ngolwazi, kunye nesikhokelo esicwangcisiweyo sokunyusa kunye nokubandakanya izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo.
Enye yeeprojekthi eziphambili zeFAO yiNkqubo yoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo (SLM), esebenza kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kwihlabathi jikelele. INkqubo yeSLM ikhuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo zokusetyenziswa komhlaba ezifana ne-agroforestry, iterracing, ulawulo lwamanzi, kunye nezolimo oluzinzileyo. Ngokusebenza ngokusondeleyo noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, i-FAO inceda ekusekeni iinkqubo zezolimo ezomelelayo eziphucula imveliso, zigcine indalo, kunye nokuphucula indlela yokuphila.
Ukongeza, i-FAO's Integrated Land and Ulawulo lwamanzi (ILWM) Inkqubo igxile ekujonganeni nemingeni yokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokuthotywa komhlaba kwiindawo ezikumhlaba owomileyo. Le nkqubo igxininisa i ukubaluleka yeendlela ezihlanganisiweyo eziqwalasela ukudityaniswa kobutyebi bomhlaba namanzi. Ngophuhliso lwezakhono kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi, i-FAO ixhasa amazwe ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezibanzi zokulawula umhlaba kunye namanzi okuphucula iindlela zokusetyenziswa komhlaba ezizinzileyo kunye nokuphucula. ukufumaneka kwamanzi.
| IiProjekthi zeFAO kunye namaNyathelo | IiNgcaciso |
|---|---|
| Inkqubo yoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo | Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okuzinzileyo kwihlabathi jikelele |
| Inkqubo eDityanisiweyo yoLawulo loMhlaba naManzi | Ukujongana nokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokuthotywa komhlaba kwiindawo ezikumhlaba owomileyo |
| Izisombululo zeGeospatial zoLimo oluZinzileyo kunye noKhuseleko lokutya | Ukusebenzisa ukuvalelwa kude kunye nobuchwepheshe be-geospatial kusetyenziso lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya |
| Utshintshiselwano ngoLwazi ngoLawulo loMhlaba oluZinzileyo | Ukukhuthaza ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo |
“Iiprojekthi kunye namanyathelo e-FAO kulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo ziluncedo ekukhuthazeni ukwamkelwa kweendlela ezizinzileyo kwihlabathi liphela,” utsho uGqr. John Smith, ingcali ephambili kulawulo lomhlaba namanzi. "Ngokubonelela ngoncedo lobugcisa, ukwakha amandla, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano, i-FAO idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni imveliso yezolimo, ukugcinwa kwemithombo yendalo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kwexesha elide kuluntu."
Ngezi projekthi kunye namanyathelo okuqala, i-FAO inegalelo elibonakalayo kwiinzame zehlabathi zokugcina ubutyebi bomhlaba, ukunciphisa ukuthotywa komhlaba, kunye nokuqinisekisa amandla abo okuvelisa ixesha elide. Ngokukhuthaza izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, i-FAO ijolise ekudaleni ihlabathi apho umhlaba ulawulwa ngokuzinzileyo, ukuxhasa i-ikhosistim ekhulayo, uluntu olukwaziyo ukuzimela, kunye nekamva elikhuselekileyo lezizukulwana ezizayo.
isiphelo
Izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kumgangatho wasekhaya, wengingqi, nowehlabathi. Ngokukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kobutyebi bendalo kunye nokwandisa imveliso yezolimo, ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujonganeni nemingeni enjengokuthotywa komhlaba kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi. Ezi zenzo azipheleli nje ngokuba negalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kodwa zinempembelelo entle ekukhuselweni kokutya, i-ecosystems, kunye nentlalontle ngokubanzi yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela.
Ne ukubaluleka yokugcina imithombo yomhlaba kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela impembelelo yehlabathi yolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo. Ngokwamkela nokuphumeza ezi zenzo, sinokuthomalalisa iziphumo ezibi zokuthotywa komhlaba, sinciphise ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, kwaye silondoloze iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo sisicwangciso esingundoqo ekuphumezeni ikamva elizinzileyo.
Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo i iinzuzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, kubalulekile ukudibanisa iimfuno kunye nemilinganiselo yentlalo, yezoqoqosho, neyokusingqongileyo. Ngokusebenzisana kunye nokubeka phambili ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, sinokuqinisekisa ikamva elingcono lezizukulwana ezizayo. Makhe samkele i ukubaluleka kolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo kwaye uthathe inyathelo elisingise kwihlabathi elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo.
FAQ
Yintoni ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo?
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lubhekiselele ekuphunyezweni kwezenzo kunye nezicwangciso-qhinga eziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kobutyebi bomhlaba, ukulondoloza okusingqongileyo ngelixa kuhlangatyezwana neemfuno zentlalo nezoqoqosho.
Kutheni ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lubalulekile?
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lubalulekile ekulweni nokonakaliswa komhlaba, ukuba yintlango, nembalela, echaphazela amawaka ezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Inceda ukuthomalalisa ukuthotywa komhlaba, yongeza ukhuseleko lokutya, igcina imithombo yendalo, kwaye inegalelo ekuthomalaliseni utshintsho lwemozulu.
Yeyiphi imingeni ekujongwene nayo kwiindawo ezikumhlaba owomileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa komhlaba?
Iindawo ezinomhlaba owomileyo zijongene nemingeni efana nokwandiswa kwamasimi alinyiweyo, ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, ukugalelwa kwetyuwa emanzini kunye nokugcwala kwamanzi kumhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo, amadlelo amaninzi kunye nokonakaliswa komhlaba kwimihlaba ephakathi.
Ingaba ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lunegalelo njani kukhuseleko lokutya?
Izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo zonyusa imveliso yezolimo, zinciphisa iimpembelelo ezimbi zokuthotywa komhlaba kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi, kwaye zinokunyusa izivuno zehlabathi ngama-30-170%. Oku kwandisa ukhuseleko lokutya, ingakumbi kumafama asakhasayo.
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lunceda njani ukuthomalalisa ukuthotywa komhlaba?
Izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo zinceda ukuthomalalisa ukuthotywa komhlaba ngokugcina ukufuma komhlaba, ukunyusa umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ukujikeleza kwezondlo. Iindlela ezifana ne-agroforestry, i-intercropping, kunye nokugcinwa kwembewu elungelelaniswe ekuhlaleni inceda ekulondolozeni i-biodiversity kwinqanaba lefama.
Zeziphi iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim ezibonelelwa lulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo?
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lubonelela ngeenkonzo ezinjengokugcinwa kobutyebi bendalo, ukunciphisa ukonakaliswa kwamanzi, umhlaba, nohlaza, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi okuba negalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Ikwanyusa izivuno zezolimo kwaye inegalelo ekulondolozweni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lunegalelo njani ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni kunye nokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi?
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lunceda ukubuyisela umhlaba owonakalisiweyo kunye ne-ecosystem, ukwandisa umhlaba we-organic carbon. Oku kukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwekhabhoni, ethi yehlise amanqanaba e-CO2 emoyeni kwaye ifake isandla ekwehliseni ubushushu behlabathi.
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lukulawula njani ukufumaneka kwamanzi?
Ngolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo, ukufuma komhlaba kuyalondolozwa, okukhokelela ekungeneni kwamanzi okulawulwayo, ukugcwala kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokwandiswa kwemveliso yokuqala. Lo mmiselo wehlisa umngcipheko wembalela kwaye wandise ukomelela kwiindawo ezikumhlaba owomileyo.
Zeziphi iinkonzo zenkcubeko nezentlalo ezibonelelwa lulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo?
Ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo lunceda ukugcina inkcubeko, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ngokwesithethe, kwaye lunegalelo ekulondolozweni kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Ikwaxhasa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwaye idibanisa iimfuno zentlalo, ezoqoqosho, kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ithini indima yoMbutho woKutya nezoLimo (FAO) ekukhuthazeni ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo?
I-FAO iyabonelela iingcebiso zobugcisa, uphuhliso lwezakhono, kunye nenkxaso ye isicwangciso sobutyebi bomhlaba kumazwe angamalungu kunye namaqabane. Isebenzisana noorhulumente kunye nezinye ii-arhente ukukhuthaza ulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo ukuze kuphuculwe imveliso kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo.
Zeziphi iiprojekthi kunye namanyathelo aqhutywa yiFAO kulawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo?
I-FAO iphumeza iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo ezixhaswa ngemali liZiko leHlabathi lokusiNgqongileyo (i-GEF) ezilwa ukuthotywa komhlaba, ezikhuthaza izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba ezizinzileyo, kunye nokwandisa uphuhliso lwezakhono. Ezi projekthi zibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa, amaqonga okwabelana ngolwazi, kunye nesikhokelo sobuchule sokwandisa izenzo zolawulo lomhlaba oluzinzileyo.
