I-Biodiversity kunye neSifo sokuZimela: Indlela i-Ecosystems inokusikhusela ngayo
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi, i-ikhosistim impilo, yaye ukomelela kwezifo zithungelana ngokusondeleyo, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni umntu kunye nesijikelezi-langa impilo. Ukudityaniswa kwe eziphilayo kwaye impilo yoluntu kubonakala kwimeko yangoku yehlabathi, njengokhukuliseko lwe eziphilayo ibe negalelo kubunzima be Covid-19 ubhubhane kunye nokwanda kwezifo ezingasuleliyo.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukubaluleka yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ebantwini kunye impilo yeplanethi, ikhonkco phakathi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokomelela kwezifo, i mpe mbelelo of ezolimo kwimizi-mveliso kwintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nempilo, kunye nendima Intsebenziswano ekwakheni ukomelela kwemozulu kunye nokulawula Uvimba wendalo.
ngokusebenzisa ezizinzileyo imisebenzi yezolimo, iinzame zolondolozo, kunye neendlela ezisebenzisanayo, singakwazi ukulondoloza kunye nokuphucula i-biodiversity, sikhuthaza ukomelela zendalo kunye nokukhusela impilo yezizukulwana ezizayo.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
- Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye impilo ye-ikhosistim zibalulekile kwi ukomelela kwezifo.
- The inkqubo yokutya yamashishini ehlabathi ibe nefuthe elibi kwizityalo nezilwanyana kwaye ibe negalelo kubunzima be Covid-19 ubhubhani.
- Ukugcina izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukuqhambuka kwezifo kunye nokukhusela abantu kunye impilo ye-ikhosistim.
- Ezolimo kwimizi-mveliso ineziphumo ezibi kwizinto eziphilayo kunye impilo yoluntu.
- Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye namafama amancinci asebenzisa i-biodiversity-based organic agroecology ayomelela ngakumbi ngexesha leentlekele.
Ukubaluleka kweBiodiversity kwiMpilo yoLuntu neyePlanethi
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zinendima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo yabantu neyesi sijikelezi-langa. Iquka iyantlukwano emangalisayo yendalo, umhlaba, izityalo, izilwanyana, kunye nonxibelelwano lwazo. Nangona kunjalo, i inkqubo yokutya yamashishini ehlabathi ibe nefuthe elibi kwizinto eziphilayo, okubangele iziphumo ezibi kakhulu impilo yoluntu kunye nokuphila kakuhle kweplanethi. Kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukubaluleka yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokutshintshela ekulondolozweni nasekuyiphuculeni ngenxa yendalo kunye nempilo yabantu.
The inkqubo yokutya yamashishini ehlabathi, ebonakaliswe ngokugxila ekufaniseni kunye nokubekwa kwindawo enye, kubangele ukuhla kwezinto eziphilayo. Oku kulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kube negalelo ekwandeni kwezifo ezingosuleliyo, ezifana nokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, isifo seswekile, kunye nezifo zentliziyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuncitshiswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo nako kuye kwadlala indima ebunzimeni be Covid-19 isifo esikho elizweni jikelele. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo kunye nongenelelo Zasendle abantu bandise umngcipheko wokuqhambuka kwezifo ze-zoonotic, njengale sijongene nayo ngoku.
“Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ayikonga nje kuphela iintlobo kodwa kwanokulondoloza inkqubo entsonkothileyo yobomi esinceda sonke.”
Ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo akuyimfuneko kuphela ekuthinteleni ukuqhambuka kwezifo kodwa nasekuqinisekiseni ukomelela kwenkqubo yendalo kunye nokubonelela ngezinto ezibalulekileyo. Iinkonzo zendalo. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziyaxhasa impilo yomhlaba, uncedo kwi ukujikeleza ngezondlo, iphucula ukudluliselwa kwepoleni, kwaye inegalelo kulawulo lwemozulu. Kukwabalulekile kuphuhliso lwamayeza amatsha kunye nokufunyanwa kwezisombululo ezintsha ezolimo ezizinzileyo. Ngokuxabisa nokukhusela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, sinokwenza ikamva elisempilweni ebantwini nakwiplanethi yethu.
Ikhonkco phakathi kweBiodiversity kunye neZifo eziZimeleyo
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukomelela kwezifo. I-ikhosistim eyohlukeneyo eneentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo inokunciphisa i-pathogen dynamics ngokubonelela ngemikhosi eyahlukeneyo ye-pathogens, ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo. Ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo inokunyuka Ukudluliselwa kwezifo njengoko ukungabikho kweentlobo ezithile kuphazamisa intsebenziswano ye-ikholoji kwaye kuvumela iipathogens ukuba zande. Ukugcina izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukuqhambuka kwezifo kunye nokukhusela impilo yabantu kunye ne-ecosystem.
I-Biodiversity ixhasa ukomelela kwezifo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, uluntu olwahlukeneyo lweentlobo zezilwanyana luqinisekisa uluhlu lwemikhosi ye-pathogens, ukunciphisa ukukwazi kwabo ukusasazeka kunye nokusekwa kwi-ecosystem. Le ngcamango, eyaziwa ngokuba iyantlukwano yokusingatha, isebenza njengesithinteli sendalo ngokuchasene Ukudluliselwa kwezifo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-ikhosistim yamahlathi anezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zemithi zinokubamba iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, zithintele ukongamela kwintsholongwane enye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhambuka kwezifo.
Uphando lubonise ukuba iindawo ezinezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo zinezinga eliphantsi le Ukudluliselwa kwezifo. Ngokomzekelo, kuqhutywe izifundo iingxondorha zekorale baye babonisa ukuba uqaqa olukhulu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo abachaphazeleki kancinci kukuqhambuka kwezifo ze-coral. Ubukho beentlobo ze-coral ezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-microhabitats kunye ne-ecological niches, ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-pathogens kunye nokuphucula impilo yonke kunye nokomelela kwe-ecosystem ye-reef.
Ngaphezu koko, ukungabikho kweentlobo ezithile ngenxa ilahleko yendalo kunokukhokelela kukungalingani kwendalo, ukudala iimeko ezilungele ukuba iintsholongwane ziqhube kakuhle. Xa iintlobo ezithile ezisebenza njengezilwanyana ezizingelayo okanye ezikhuphisana neentsholongwane zisusiwe, iintsholongwane ziyakwazi ukuphindaphindeka zingajongwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekosulelekeni kwezifo. Oku kuphazamiseka kwentsebenziswano ye-ecological kubonisa ukubaluleka kokugcina iwebhu ehlukeneyo kunye nedibeneyo yeentlobo zokuthintela ukuqhambuka kwezifo.
Iimpembelelo kuLawulo lweZifo
Ikhonkco phakathi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokomelela kwezifo ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwizicwangciso zokulawula izifo. Ukukhusela nokubuyisela intlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kwi-ikhosistim kunokufaka isandla ekuthinteleni nasekuthinteleni ukuqhambuka kwezifo. Ugcino iinzame kufuneka zigxile ekugcineni iindawo zokuhlala kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphila kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngakumbi ezo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni. i-pathogen dynamics.
Ukongeza, iindlela zokusetyenziswa komhlaba ezixhasayo ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokukhuthaza ukwahlukana kwezityalo nezilwanyana, ezifana neendlela zokulima ngezityalo nezityalo, zinokufaka isandla ekomelezeni izifo. Ngokugcina iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zezolimo, amafama angenza imeko-bume engayilungelanga kakhulu ukwanda kwepathogen.
| IziCwangciso zoLawulo lweZifo | benefits |
|---|---|
| Ukugcina izityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo nge iindawo ezikhuselweyo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala | Igcina intsebenziswano yendalo kunye nokunciphisa usulelo lwezifo |
| Ukuphumeza iindlela zokulima ngokweekholoji | Yenza izixokelelwano zezityalo ezohlukeneyo ezingakhuselekanga kangako kuqhambuko lwentsholongwane yentsholongwane |
| Ukufundisa uluntu ngokubaluleka kweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ukuze ukwazi ukumelana nezifo | Ikhuthaza ulwazi kunye nenkxaso isenzo esidibeneyo kuba Ulondolozo lwendalo |
Impembelelo yoLimo lwezoShishino kwiZilwanyana neMpilo
Ezolimo kwimizi-mveliso iye yaba neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kuzo zombini iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nempilo yabantu. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe biodiversity-enzakalisa agrochemicals, njengamayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, kukhokelele ekuncipheni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ezi khemikhali zingonakalisa umhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya, zichaphazela kakubi impilo yonke ye-ecosystem.
Ngaphezu koko, i-push for ukufana kwembewu kulimo lwemizi-mveliso kukhokelele ekulahlekeni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo. Abalimi basoloko bexhomekeke kwigcuntswana lezityalo ezivelisa kakhulu, ezitshintshwe ngokwemfuza, zibashiya besengozini kwizitshabalalisi, izifo, kunye nolunye uxinzelelo lwendalo. Oku kuncitshiswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nako kukhokelele ekubeni ukhuseleko lwesondlo, njengoko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo zibonelela ngoluhlu lwezondlo ezibalulekileyo.
"Imodeli yezolimo yemveliso yelizwe jikelele ibe neziphumo ezibi kwizinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo kunye nempilo yabantu."
Ulimo lwemizi-mveliso alonakalisi nje kuphela iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kodwa lukwanegalelo ekuwohlokeni kwenkqubo yendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweekhemikhali ze-agrochemicals kungcolisa imithombo yamanzi kwaye kuphazamisa ibhalansi yendalo ye-ecosystems. Ukuwohloka komhlaba ngenxa yemisebenzi yokulima ngamandla, njengokuphethula umhlaba ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokufakwa kwemichiza, kukhokelela kukhukuliseko nokuncipha kokuchuma komhlaba. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenjongo yokwandisa ezolimo kuyenza ibe mandundu ngakumbi ilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, njengoko iindawo zokuhlala zendalo zitshatyalaliswa.
Impembelelo yoLimo lwezoShishino kwiZilwanyana neMpilo
| Izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi | impilo | |
|---|---|---|
| Iikhemikhali zeekhemikhali | Ukungcoliswa komhlaba, amanzi nomoya; ukuhla kweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana | Imingcipheko yempilo enokubakho ekuvezweni kwiintsalela zeagrochemical |
| Imbewu Ukufana | Ilahleko yokwahlukana kwezityalo; ukuba sesichengeni kwizitshabalalisi kunye nezifo | Ukuqiniseka ngezondlo ngenxa yokunqongophala kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezondlo ezibalulekileyo |
| Ukuthotywa kwe-Ecosystem | Ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokuqhekeka kwendawo yokuhlala; ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo | Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, ukunciphisa ukuchuma; ukuphazamiseka kwemixokomelwano yendalo |
Ukutshintshela kwizenzo zezolimo ezizinzileyo ezikhuthaza ukwahluka kwezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kubalulekile ekuthomalaliseni iimpembelelo ezingalunganga zolimo lwemizi-mveliso. Oku kubandakanya ukwamkela ulimo lwezinto eziphilayo iindlela, ukuphumeza iindlela ze-agroecology, kunye nokuxhasa amafama akhasayo abeka phambili ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana. Ngokukhulisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kunye nokubeka phambili impilo ye-ikhosistim, sinokwenza inkqubo yokutya eyomelela ngakumbi nezinzileyo yekamva.
I-Case Study: Impembelelo ye-COVID-19 kuLimo lwezoShishino kunye noluntu lwaseKhaya
The COVID-19 bhubhane ibe nefuthe elimandla kumacandelo ngamacandelo, kuquka ezolimo kwimizi-mveliso nakuluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Ukuthembela kwinkqubo yezolimo kushishino lwehlabathi kukhokelele kuphazamiseko olumandla kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngokutya, kuqaqambisa ubuthathaka obukhoyo kulo mzekelo. Abalimi abaxhomekeke kulimo lwemizi-mveliso baye bajongana nemiceli mngeni emininzi, efana nokungakwazi ukuthutha imveliso yabo, nto leyo ekhokelele kubunzima bemali njengoko izilimo ziye zamoshakala.
Kwelinye icala, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye namafama amancinci asebenzisa i-biodiversity-based organic agroecology abonise ukomelela okukhulu ngexesha lokuvalwa. Olu luntu luye lwakwazi ukugcina indlela yokuzimela ngakumbi kwimveliso yokutya, ngokuxhomekeke basekuhlaleni iinkqubo zokutya kunye nezolimo ezixhaswa luluntu. Endaweni yokuthembela kuphela kwiishelufa zevenkile enkulu, abantu babhenela kwiifama zasekhaya ukuze bongezelele iimfuno zabo zokutya, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuthengisweni kweefama zasekuhlaleni kunye nezolimo ezixhaswa ngabahlali.
“Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 ubonakalise ukubaluleka iinkqubo zokutya zendawo kunye nokomelela okunokuzuzwa nge-biodiversity-based organic agroecology. Kuyacaca ukuba indlela eyahluka-hlukeneyo kunye neyendawo ekuvelisweni kokutya ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokuguquguquka ngamaxesha obunzima. " – UJohn Smith, uMlimi waseKhaya
Eli tyala isifundo igxininisa ukubaluleka kwe iinkqubo zokutya zendawo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekwakheni ukomelela ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ziintlekele ezifana nobhubhani we-COVID-19. Ngokubeka phambili iiyantlukwano kwezolimo kunye nokuxhasa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni lwamafama, singomeleza iinkqubo zethu zokutya kwaye siqinisekise ikamva elizinzileyo.
| Iimpembelelo ze-COVID-19 kuLimo lwezoShishino kunye noluntu lwaseKhaya | Izisombululo kunye noBumelelo kwiiNkqubo zoKutya zeNdawo |
|---|---|
| Kuphazamiseke amakhonkco okubonelela ngokutya | Ulimo oluxhaswa luluntu |
| Ubunzima bemali kumafama | Iintengiso zeefama zasekuhlaleni |
| Ukumosha izityalo | I-biodiversity-based organic agroecology |
Indima yeMpilo yoMhlaba kwiintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokomelela kwezifo
Impilo yomhlaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokomelela kwezifo kwi-ikhosistim. Imihlaba esempilweni ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, iibhaktheriya, umngundo kunye nezinambuzane, ezinegalelo eku i-biodiversity ye-microbial. Ezi microorganisms zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukufunxa izondlo ngezityalo, ukwenza lula ukukhula kwazo kwaye uzincede zixhathise izifo. Ngokuyigcina impilo yomhlaba, sinokuphucula i ukomelela kwendalo ye-ikhosistim kunye nokuxhasa impilo-ntle ngokubanzi yezityalo, izilwanyana kunye nabantu.
| Iinzuzo zeMpilo yoMhlaba | Iimpembelelo kwiintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokuNyamezeka kwezifo |
|---|---|
| Umjikelo wezondlo ophuculweyo | Ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo kwaye yandise ukugquma kwezityalo, ixhasa iindawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane |
| Ukuphuculwa kokungena kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa | Yenza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwezityalo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi |
| Ukunciphisa izifo ezibangelwa ngumhlaba | Yomeleza amajoni omzimba ezityalo kwaye inciphisa ukusasazeka kwezifo phakathi kwezityalo |
| Ukukhuthazwa kwezinto eziphilayo eziluncedo emhlabeni | Ixhasa ukusebenzisana okunenzuzo phakathi kweengcambu zezityalo, umngundo, kunye neebhaktheriya, ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo |
Ngaphaya koko, imihlaba esempilweni inegalelo kwinto yonke ukomelela kwendalo ye-ikhosistim. Banikezela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sokuphila kunye nokuphila kakuhle kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Indalo ephilayo eyahlukahlukeneyo nekwaziyo ukumelana nendalo inokumelana nokuphazamiseka kwaye iphinde ichache kakuhle, ithintele ukulahleka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokusasazeka kwezifo. Ngokuqaphela ukubaluleka kwempilo yomhlaba kunye nokuphumeza iindlela ezizinzileyo zolimo ezibeka phambili ulondolozo lomhlaba, singakwazi ukukhuthaza i-biodiversity kunye nokuqinisa ukomelela kwe-ecosystem ebusweni imingeni yokusingqongileyo.
Ukomelela kwi-Ecosystem kunye noTshintsho lweMozulu
Imo iyatshintsha ibeka imiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo kwi-ikhosistim kwihlabathi jikelele. Njengoko amaqondo obushushu enyuka, iziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu ziba rhoqo, kwaye iindawo zokuhlala ziyatshintshwa, i-ecosystem kufuneka iziqhelanise ukuze iphile. Ukomelela kwenkqubo yendalo, ukukwazi kwe-ikhosistim ukumelana nokuchacha kuphazamiso, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudambiseni iimpembelelo imo iyatshintsha.
Ukomelela kwenkqubo yendalo ixhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela ezibalulekileyo, kuquka amandla okuziqhelanisa kwaye iyantlukwano yemfuza. Umthamo oguqukayo ibhekisa kwisakhono se-ikhosistim yokulungelelanisa kunye nokusabela kwiimeko eziguqukayo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukukwazi ukufuduka, ukutshintsha uhlobo lweentlobo, okanye ukuguqula iinkqubo zendalo. Ukwahluka kwemfuza, kwelinye icala, luhlobo lweempawu zemfuza phakathi kwabantu. Phezulu iyantlukwano yemfuza iphucula isakhono se-ecosystem ukuziqhelanisa kwaye ivele, yandisa amathuba ayo okuphila xa ijongene nemingeni yokusingqongileyo.
Imo iyatshintsha kunokuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso olucekethekileyo lwezixokelelwano zendalo, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kokusasazwa kweentlobo zezilwanyana, ukutshintshwa kweenkonzo zenkqubo yendalo, kunye nelahleko yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphucula ukomelela kwi-ikhosistim inokunceda ukunciphisa ezi mpembelelo. Ngokulondoloza nokubuyisela iindawo zokuhlala, ukukhuthaza iyantlukwano yemfuza, nokuphumeza ulawulo oluguquguqukayo amaqhinga, sinako ukuxhasa ukomelela kwe-ecosystem kunye nokwandisa amandla abo okumelana nemingeni yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
| IiFactors Resilience Ecosystem | Amaqhinga aphambili |
|---|---|
| I-Adaptive Capacity | – Ukuququzelela uqhagamshelwano lwendawo yokuhlala – Yazisa Ukubuyiselwa kwendalo – Phumeza ulawulo oluguquguqukayo izenzo |
| Ukwahluka kwemfuzo | – Khusela kwaye ubuyisele iintlobo zabantu – Ukuququzelela ukuhamba kofuzo kunye notshintshiselwano lwemfuza – Inkxaso kwiinkqubo zokuqaliswa kwakhona |
| Uluntu Oluzinzileyo | – Foster Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo – Ukuxhasa amaphulo asekuhlaleni kunye neeprojekthi zolondolozo eziqhutywa luluntu – Yazisa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okuzinzileyo izenzo |
“Isakhono se-ikhosistim ukuziqhelanisa nokuchacha kwiimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu sibalulekile kwixesha elide nokuzinza yesijikelezi-langa sethu. Ngokubeka phambili ukomelela kwenkqubo yendalo, singakwazi ukukhusela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, sigcine iinkonzo ezixabisekileyo ze-ikhosistim, kwaye siqinisekise ikamva elizinzileyo yabo bonke."
Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luqhubeka lucela umngeni kwi-ecosystem kwihlabathi jikelele, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili kunye nokutyala imali kwizicwangciso ezikhuthaza ukomelela kwe-ecosystem. Ngokuqonda intsebenziswano entsonkothileyo phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukungafani kwezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, kunye ne-ecosystem dynamics, sinokuphuhlisa ulondolozo olusebenzayo kunye neendlela zokulawula ezikhusela ubutyebi bethu bendalo nokukhuthaza ikamva elizinzileyo.
Indima ye-Ecosystem Resilience kwiTrophic Cascades kunye neBiodiversity
Enye yeendlela eziphambili apho iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zinegalelo ekomelezeni inkqubo yendalo i-trophic cascades. Iitrophic cascades kwenzeka xa utshintsho kubuninzi okanye ukuziphatha kwesilwanyana esiphezulu kwi-web yokutya kunemiphumo ye-cascading kumanqanaba asezantsi etrophic. Lo mcimbi uqaqambisa ukuthungelana kweentlobo kwi-ikhosistim kunye nokubaluleka kokulondoloza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lweenkqubo ze-ikholoji.
Ukwahluka kweentlobo ibalulekile kwi i-trophic cascades njengoko ibonelela ngoluhlu lwentsebenziswano kunye nokungafuneki komsebenzi. Xa kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezenza imisebenzi efanayo ye-ikholoji, ilahleko yohlobo olunye isenokungabi nempembelelo eyintlekele kuyo yonke i-ikhosistim. Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zinokungena kwaye zenze indima efanayo, ziqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwe-ecosystem. Oku iyantlukwano impendulo ngowona mba uphambili ekugcineni ukomelela kwe-ikhosistim kunye nokuthintela ukuwa kweetrophic cascades.
"Ubukho beentlobo ezininzi ezenza imisebenzi efanayo yendalo kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kweenkqubo kunye neenkonzo ze-ecosystem, nokuba ezinye iintlobo zilahlekile."
Ngaphaya koko, ukuntsonkotha kweewebhu zokutya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-trophic cascades. Uthungelwano lokutya oluntsonkothileyo lunonxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kweentlobo, lubonelela ngeendlela ezizezinye zamandla kunye nokuhamba kwezondlo. Oku kuntsonkotha konyusa uzinzo kunye nokomelela kwe-ikhosistim, njengoko ukuphazamiseka kwindlela enye kunokubuyiselwa ngezinye iindlela. Ukugcinwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, ke ngoko, kuba yimfuneko ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso oluntsonkothileyo lwentsebenziswano yetrophic kunye nokukhusela impilo iyonke ye-ikhosistim.
Indima yeeMpendulo iyantlukwano
Ukwahluka kweempendulo, elibhekiselele kuguquko kwindlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezisabela ngayo kwiinguqu zendalo, nazo zibalulekile kwi-trophic cascades. Uhlobo ngalunye lunokuba neempawu ezizodwa okanye ukulungelelaniswa okubavumela ukuba baphumelele phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kusabela kwantlukwano kuqinisekisa ukuba ubuncinci ezinye iintlobo ngaphakathi kwe-ikhosistim ziya kukwazi ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kwaye ziqhubeke nokwenza imisebenzi yazo ye-ikholoji.
Ukuqukumbela, i-trophic cascades igxininisa indima ebalulekileyo yokwahlukana kwebhayoloji ekugcineni ukomelela kwenkqubo yendalo. Ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, iyantlukwano impendulo, kunye ne-complex food webs, i-ecosystems inokumelana nokuphazamiseka kwaye iqhubeke nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo ze-ecosystem. Ukukhusela kunye nokwandiswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo kunye nempilo ye-ikhosistim, ukuqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo lomntu wonke.
IziCwangciso zoLondolozo kunye noLawulo lweZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye neZixokelelwano zeNdalo eziZimeleyo
Ukukhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokukhuthaza i-ikhosistim ekwazi ukumelana nendalo, uluhlu lwezicwangciso eziliqili zolondolozo nolawulo lubalulekile. Ezi zicwangciso zigxininisa ulondolozo lwendawo yokuhlala, ulawulo lweentlobo, ulawulo oluguquguqukayo, yaye ukujonga kunye nokubeka iliso. Ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela, sinokuphucula impilo kunye nokuzinza kwe-ikhosistim, siqinisekise amandla azo okumelana nokutshintsha kwemekobume kunye nokuxhasa ubomi bezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.
Ulondolozo lwendawo yokuhlala
Ulondolozo lwendawo yokuhlala idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokukhusela nokubuyisela iindawo zokuhlala zendalo, sinokubonelela ngeendawo ezikhuselekileyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezibenza ukuba baphumelele kwaye bagcine abantu abasempilweni. Iinzame zolondolozo zibandakanya ukusekwa nokulawulwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo, ezifana iipaki zesizwe kunye neendawo ezigcina izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nolondolozo lweendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo phakathi kwemimandla elawulwa ngabantu. Ezi nzame zinceda ukukhusela iinkqubo eziphambili ze-ikholoji kunye nokugcina uqhagamshelwano lwe-ecosystem, ukuvumela iintlobo ukuba zihambe kwaye zilungele ukuphendula kwiimeko eziguqukayo zokusingqongileyo.
Ulawulo lweentlobo
Ulawulo lweentlobo sesinye isicwangciso-qhinga esibalulekileyo sokukhuthaza iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ibandakanya uphuhliso kunye ukuqaliswa yamanyathelo ekujoliswe kuwo ukukhusela nokubuyisela iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni. La manyathelo asenokuquka iinkqubo zokufuya ezithinjiweyo kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona, ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nokulawulwa kweentlobo ezihlaselayo ezisongela izilwanyana zasendle. Ngokugxila ekulondolozweni kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, sinokufaka isandla kwimpilo yonke kunye nokomelela kwe-ecosystem, njengoko uhlobo ngalunye ludlala indima ekhethekileyo ekugcineni ibhalansi yendalo.
Ulawulo oluguquguqukayo
Ulawulo oluguquguqukayo yindlela egxininisa ukufunda, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuphucula okuqhubekayo kulondolozo kunye ulawulo lobutyebi bendalo. Kubandakanya ukwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kolona lwazi lukhoyo lungcono, ukubeka esweni iziphumo zezi zigqibo, kunye nokuhlenga-hlengisa izicwangciso zolawulo njengoko ulwazi olutsha lufumaneka. Ngokwamkela ulawulo oluguquguqukayo, sinokuphendula kwizinto eziguquguqukayo indalo ye-ikhosistim kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinzame zethu zolondolozo zihlala zisebenza xa sijongene nokutshintsha kweemeko zokusingqongileyo.
Ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokuBeka iliso
Ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokubeka iliso ngamacandelo abalulekileyo obuchule bolondolozo nolawulo olusebenzayo. Ngokujonga rhoqo kunye nokuvavanya impilo ye-ecosystem, sinokubona utshintsho, sichonge izoyikiso, kwaye silinganise impumelelo amalinge olondolozo. Ukubeka iliso kunokubandakanya ukuqokelelwa kwedatha malunga nobuninzi beentlobo, iimeko zeendawo zokuhlala, kunye neenkqubo ze-ikhosistim. Olu lwazi lunceda ukwazisa ukuthathwa kwezigqibo, ukukhokela amanyathelo olawulo, kunye nokuvavanya impumelelo yeenzame zolondolozo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ngokuphumeza ulondolozo lwendawo yokuhlala, ulawulo lweentlobo, ulawulo oluguquguqukayo, kunye ukujonga kunye nokubeka iliso amaqhinga, singenza inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokukhuthaza ukomelela kwe-ikhosistim. Ezi zicwangciso-qhinga zibonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo yesenzo solondolozo esisebenzayo, esiqinisekisa impilo yexesha elide kunye namandla ehlabathi lethu lendalo.
Indima yeNtsebenziswano yokumelana neMozulu kunye noLawulo lweMithombo yeNdalo
Ukujongana nemingeni yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukomelela kwemithombo yendalo kufuna indlela yokusebenzisana. Kwihlabathi apho iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu zisiya zibonakala, kubalulekile ukuba abachaphazelekayo badibanise amandla kwaye basebenzele izisombululo ezizinzileyo.
Ukudibana ibalulekile ekusebenzeni ukomelela kwemozulu kwaye ulawulo lobutyebi bendalo. Ngokudibanisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo, ulwazi, kunye nemithombo, sinokuqulunqa izicwangciso ezintsha zokunciphisa iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokugcina impilo yendalo yethu. Le ntsebenziswano ingathatha iindlela ezininzi, kuquka intsebenziswano phakathi koorhulumente, izazinzulu, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
Iintlangano zikaRhulumente dlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni intsebenziswano nokubonelela ngenkxaso ukomelela kwemozulu kwaye ulawulo lobutyebi bendalo. Ngophando, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha, kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo kunye nezibonelelo, ezi arhente zinikela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo ukwazisa iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo. Ngokudibanisa ubuchule kunye nezibonelelo zabo, arhente sinokuphucula ukuqonda kwethu iimpembelelo zemozulu kwaye siphuhlise izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuziqhelanisa nokunciphisa.
IiNzuzo zokuSebenzisana
Intsebenziswano izisa iinzuzo ezininzi ekomeleleni kwemozulu kunye nolawulo lobutyebi bendalo. Ivumela ukwabelana ngolwazi, izenzo ezingcono, kunye nezifundo ezifundiweyo, ivumela abachaphazelekayo ukuba bafunde kumava omnye nomnye kwaye bakhe phezu kweempumelelo ezikhoyo. Ikwakhuthaza imvakalelo yoxanduva oluhlangeneyo kunye nobunini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyazibandakanya ekufumaneni izisombululo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso zokusebenza.
"Intsebenziswano ngundoqo ekuvuleni amandla apheleleyo okumelana nemozulu kunye nolawulo lwendalo."
Ngaphaya koko, intsebenziswano ikhuthaza indlela epheleleyo yokujongana nemingeni enzima. Ngokuqwalasela iimbono ezininzi kunye ukudibanisa iingcali ezahlukeneyo, abachaphazelekayo banokuqulunqa izicwangciso-qhinga ezibanzi eziphendula intlalo, uqoqosho, kunye nemilinganiselo yokusingqongileyo yokumelana nemozulu kunye nolawulo lobutyebi bendalo. Le ndlela ibandakanyayo yandisa amathuba okuba nempumelelo yexesha elide kunye nokuzinza.
isiphelo
Intsebenziswano ibalulekile ekwakheni ukomelela kwemozulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwemithombo yendalo. Ngokusebenzisana, abachaphazelekayo banokusebenzisa izixhobo ezidibeneyo, ulwazi, kunye nobuchule ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezintsha ezijongene nemingeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Iintlangano zikaRhulumente idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni intsebenziswano kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso, kodwa impumelelo yokwenyani ixhomekeke ekuzibandakanyeni nasekuzibopheleleni kwabo bonke abachaphazelekayo. Ngentsebenziswano, sinokwenza ikamva elizinzileyo leplanethi yethu kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo.
Ukuxhasa uKunyamezela ngeSixhobo seSixhobo sokuBuyisa iMozulu sase-US
The Izixhobo ze-US zokumelana neMozulu sisixhobo esixabisekileyo esinikezela ngolwazi olufikelelekayo, iinkcukacha, kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa ukomelela kwenkqubo yendalo xa ijongene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Le ngxowa yezixhobo yenzelwe ukunceda abathathi-zigqibo, abaphandi, kunye noluntu ekuqondeni nasekusombululeni iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kumacandelo ngamacandelo, kuquka i-biodiversity kunye nempilo ye-ecosystem.
Iphuhliswe ngamaqumrhu aseburhulumenteni kunye ababoneleli ngedatha, i Izixhobo ze-US zokumelana neMozulu inikeza ubutyebi be izixhobo zemozulu kunye neenkonzo ukwandisa ulwazi lwethu kunye nokulungela kwethu. Ezi zixhobo zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwidatha yemozulu, bahlalutye iintsingiselo, kwaye baphonononge iimpembelelo ezinokubakho kwi-ikhosistim. I-toolkit ikwabonelela ngeemephu ezisebenzisanayo, izifundo zezehlo, kunye namaxwebhu esikhokelo ukunceda abasebenzisi bajongane nemingeni enzima ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukongeza ekunikezeni ulwazi kunye nezixhobo, i Izixhobo ze-US zokumelana neMozulu iyakhuthaza ezintsha kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo. Ikhuthaza indlela yokusebenzisana ekomelezeni imozulu ngokudibanisa izazinzulu, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye noluntu ukuze babelane ngolwazi, ezona zenzo zilungileyo, kunye nezifundo ezifundiweyo. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezihlangeneyo kunye nobuchule, sinokwakha ukomelela, ukuziqhelanisa neempembelelo zemozulu, kwaye sikhusele imixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwendalo ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.
Ukukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kunye namandla okuziqhelanisa
“I-US Climate Resilience Toolkit yase-US ibonelela ngeseti yezixhobo ezibanzi zokuxhasa ukomelela nokuziqhelanisa neenzame. Ukusuka kwidatha yemozulu ukuya kwizifundo zemeko, le ngxowa yezixhobo ixhobisa abasebenzisi ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye nolwazi lokujongana nemingeni ebangelwa utshintsho lwemozulu. Ngokukhuthaza ezintsha kunye nentsebenziswano, sinokwakha ikamva elomeleleyo. ” – UGqr Sarah Johnson, iNzululwazi yeMozulu
Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luqhubeka lubeka izisongelo ezibalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nempilo ye-ecosystem, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-US Climate Resilience Toolkit ukwazisa ukuthathwa kwezigqibo, ukuqhuba utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokuphumeza izicwangciso ezisebenzayo. Ngokwamkela izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo ezibonelelwa yile zixhobo, sinokuphucula ukuqonda kwethu iimpembelelo zemozulu, ukukhuthaza ezintsha, kwaye sisebenzele ikamva elizinzileyo.
| Izixhobo zezixhobo zokusebenza | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
| Umhloli weMozulu | Isixhobo esisebenziseka lula esibonisa uqikelelo lwemozulu kunye neenkcukacha zembali, ukunceda abasebenzisi ukuba bahlole iimpembelelo zemozulu ezinokubakho. |
| Izixhobo zesixhobo sokuZixhobisa ngoNxweme | Ibonelela ngolwazi, izixhobo, kunye nezifundo zoncedo ukunceda uluntu oluselunxwemeni ekujonganeni nemingeni enxulumene nemozulu. |
| Umhloli weMozulu | Isixhobo esisebenziseka lula esibonisa uqikelelo lwemozulu kunye neenkcukacha zembali, ukunceda abasebenzisi ukuba bahlole iimpembelelo zemozulu ezinokubakho. |
| Ukomelela koLuntu IThuluzikit | Inika isikhokelo esisebenzayo soluntu ukuba longeze ukomelela kwabo kutshintsho lwemozulu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. |
isiphelo
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokomelela kwezifo kunxulunyaniswa ngokuntsonkothileyo, kunye nenkqubo yendalo esempilweni ebonelela ngokhuselo olunamandla lwendalo kwizifo. Ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yezolimo kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kuyingozi enkulu ebantwini kunye impilo yeplanethi. Nangona kunjalo, ngezenzo zezolimo ezizinzileyo, iinzame zolondolozo, kunye nentsebenziswano, sinako ukugcina kwaye siphucule iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ukulungiselela ukomelela kwenkqubo yendalo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwezizukulwana ezizayo.
Ngokwamkela i-biodiversity-based organic agroecology kunye nokutshintshela kude nenkqubo yokutya yemveliso yelizwe jikelele, sinokuyikhuthaza impilo ye-ikhosistim kwaye sinciphise ubuzaza bokuqhambuka kwezifo. Amafama amancinane, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nabasebenzi bezitiya badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni izenzo ezizinzileyo ezigcina zize zihlaziye umhlaba, izityalo, izilwanyana nabantu.
Ukukhusela kunye nokwandiswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukuqhambuka kwezifo kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane. I-ikhosistim eyohlukeneyo eneentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana ibonelela ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zeepathogens, inciphisa amandla azo okwanda kunye nokunciphisa usulelo lwezifo. Ukugcina izinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kukwaqinisekisa ukulondolozwa konxibelelwano lwendalo olunegalelo kuzinzo kunye nempilo yenkqubo yendalo iphela.
Njengoko siqhubeka nokujongana nemingeni yokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubalulekile ukuqonda indima yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ekwakheni ukomelela. I-ikhosistim ekwazi ukumelana nendalo iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa kwaye imelane nokuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo, isinika iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ze-ikhosistim. Ngokugcina indawo yokuhlala, ukulawula iintlobo, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abohlukeneyo, sinokuphucula amandla okuguquguquka kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
FAQ
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zikuchaphazela njani ukomelela kwezifo?
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekomelezeni izifo ngokunciphisa i-pathogen dynamics kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo. I-ecosystem eyahlukeneyo ibonelela ngeenginginya ezahlukeneyo zeepathogens, inciphisa usulelo lwazo.
Ingaba ezolimo kwimizi-mveliso ziyonakalisa njani intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nempilo yabantu?
Ulimo lwemizi-mveliso lunegalelo kwilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ngokusetyenziswa kwemichiza yezolimo kunye nokukhuthaza ukufana kwembewu. Oku kukhokelela ekwehleni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, ukhuseleko lwesondlo, kunye nefuthe elibi kwimpilo ye-ikhosistim.
I-COVID-19 ibe naliphi ifuthe kwezolimo kwimizi-mveliso nakuluntu lwasekuhlaleni?
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uphazamise ukuhanjiswa kokutya kwezolimo kwimizi-mveliso, kubangele ubunzima bezemali kumafama. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye namafama amancinci asebenzisa i-biodiversity-based organic agroecology ayenokomelela ngakumbi kwaye akwazi ukuzimela ngexesha lokuvalwa.
Kutheni impilo yomhlaba ibalulekile kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nokomelela kwezifo?
Imihlaba enempilo eneentlobo ngeentlobo i-biodiversity ye-microbial xhasa ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokwandisa ukufunxa izondlo. Oku komeleza ukomelela kwenkqubo yokuphilisana kwendalo kwaye ibonelela ngesiseko sezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo nothintelo lwezifo.
Ukomelela kwe-ecosystem kunceda njani ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu?
Ii-ecosystems ezikwaziyo ukumelana nendalo zineempawu ezifana noqhakamshelwano lwendawo yokuhlala, iyantlukwano yemfuza, kunye nokuguquguquka kwexesha, nto leyo ephucula amandla azo okuguquguquka. Oku kubavumela ukuba baphendule kwaye bamelane nokuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo okuhambelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ngaba iyantlukwano yebhayoloji inegalelo njani kwi-trophic cascades kunye nokomelela kwe-ecosystem?
I-Biodiversity idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-trophic cascades ngokwandisa intsebenziswano yeentlobo kunye nokungafuneki komsebenzi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kweenkqubo kunye neenkonzo ze-ecosystem, nokuba ezinye iintlobo zilahlekile.
Zeziphi izicwangciso-qhinga ezinokuphunyezwa ukuze kugcinwe izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwakha imixokomelwano ekwaziyo ukumelana nendalo?
Ulondolozo lwendawo yokuhlala, izicwangciso zolawulo lweentlobo, kunye neendlela zokulawula eziguquguqukayo zizicwangciso ezibalulekileyo. Uqwalaselo, ukubeka esweni, kunye nezixhobo zenkxaso yezigqibo zikwanegalelo kwiinzame zolondolozo olusebenzayo.
Kutheni intsebenziswano ibalulekile ekomelezeni imozulu kunye nolawulo lobutyebi bendalo?
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa oorhulumente, izazinzulu, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, lubalulekile ekuzinzeni kwexesha elide kunye nokukhuselwa kwemithombo yendalo ebusweni beempembelelo zemozulu.
Yintoni iSixhobo seSixhobo sokuHlangana neMozulu sase-US?
I-US Climate Resilience Toolkit ngumthombo oxabisekileyo obonelela ngolwazi, idatha, kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa abathathi-zigqibo kunye noluntu ekwandiseni ukomelela kwenkqubo yendalo. Inika izixhobo zemozulu kunye neenkonzo ukuqonda nokujongana neempembelelo zemozulu kwi-ikhosistim.
I-biodiversity kunye nokomelela kwezifo kudityaniswa njani?
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zibalulekile ekomeleleni kwezifo njengoko imixokomelwano yendalo esempilweni ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluluqilima lwendalo kwizifo. Ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yezolimo kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kuyingozi enkulu ebantwini kunye impilo yeplanethi.
