Ikamva lithe nkqo: IiNdlela zoYilo lwaseziDolophini kuPhilo oluXinane kakhulu

Ukufudukela ezidolophini kuyatshintsha imizi kwihlabathi jikelele njengoko abantu besanda kwaye umhlaba unqongophala. Iindawo zokuhlala ezinoxinano oluphezulu uyilo iye yaba yeyona ndawo iphambili kuphuhliso lwezindlu zasezidolophini, ibeka phambili ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okufanelekileyo ngelixa kuxoxwa nokuzinza, ukufikeleleka, kunye ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali mngeni¹.

Ukutyhubela imbali, izixeko ziziqhelanise nokwanda kwabemi ngokuyila iindawo zokuhlala ezixineneyo nezisebenzayo, ukusuka kwindawo yakudala yaseRoma ukuya kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo zale mihla. Izindlu zanamhlanje ezixineneyo zibonakalisa ukutshintsha kwentlalo, uqoqosho, kunye nokubalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo, kugxininisa uzinzo, usetyenziso oluxubeneyo, kunye noluntu. impilo.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba uya kufumana ezinye ezifanelekileyo Uyilo lweedolophu ekwizinga podcast iziqendu kweli nqaku.

• Ukufudukela ezidolophini kuqhuba imfuno yezisombululo zokuhlala ezixineneyo kakhulu ukuze kuhlaliswe abantu abakhulayo ngaphandle kokungenelela. izithuba eziluhlaza.
• Izindlu ezixineneyo kakhulu zijolise ekujonganeni nemingeni efana nokufikeleleka, uzinzo, kunye nempilo yoluntu ngoyilo oluyilayo.
• Iindawo zokuhlala ezixineneyo nezisebenzayo ziye zavela kwiimodeli zembali ukuya kwii-skyscrapers zanamhlanje kunye uphuhliso oluxubeneyo.
• Iinkxalabo zozinzo zikhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezindlu ezixineneyo kakhulu, ezinje nkqo luhlaza izithuba kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweteknoloji ehlakaniphile.
• Uyilo olucingisisiweyo lubalulekile ukugcina imvakalelo yoluntu kunye nomgangatho wobomi kwiindawo ezixineneyo zasedolophini.

Ukuphila ngokuxinana okuphakamileyo kuye kwavela njengesisombululo esibalulekileyo kwimingeni yokuphuphuma kwabemi kunye nokwanda kwabantu ezidolophini. Lo mbono ubhekisa kuphuhliso lwezindlu olunyusa inani leeyunithi ngaphakathi kwendawo enikiweyo, ehlala iqulathe imigangatho emininzi. izakhiwo, izibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo, kwaye idityanisiwe iindawo zoluntu². Iimpawu eziphambili zokuhlala ezinoxinano oluphezulu zibandakanya ukucwangciswa okusebenzayo, ukusetyenziswa ngokuyilayo kwendawo ethe nkqo, kunye nokugxila ekukhuthazeni unxibelelwano lwentlalo phakathi kwabahlali.

Ukuphila ngokuxinana okuphezulu luhlobo lwe uphuhliso lwedolophu egxininisa inani elikhulu labantu, iindawo zokuhlala, kunye nemisebenzi phakathi kwendawo encinci yejografi³. Oku kuchasene neendawo ezinoxinano oluphantsi kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni, ezibonisa amakhaya anosapho olunye kunye nophuhliso olunabileyo. Kwiindawo ezixineneyo kakhulu, izakhiwo ziba zinde, yaye umhlaba usetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuhlaliswe abantu abaninzi.³.

Iinzuzo zokuphila ngokuxinana okuphezulu zininzi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ingxinano yezithuthi kunye neenkqubo zothutho zikawonke-wonke ezifanelekileyo², inceda ukunciphisa i ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo yezithuthi zomntu. Uphuhliso oluxinana kakhulu lunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukubola kwedolophu, okukhokelela ekwandeni kwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nokunciphisa izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho². Ukongeza, amaxabiso epropathi kwezi ndawo athande ukunyuka ngenxa yemfuno ephezulu yezindlu², kwaye iiyunithi zihlala zingabizi kakhulu, zizenza zifikeleleke kuluhlu olubanzi lwamanqanaba engeniso².

Ngelixa ubomi obuxineneyo bubonelela ngeengenelo ezininzi, bukwanika imingeni ethile. Ukuxinana kwabantu okwandisiweyo kunokukhokelela ekuxinaniseni, ukungabikho kwabucala, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengxolo kubahlali.². Izisombululo zokuyila ezintsha kwaye zibandakanya ucwangciso lwedolophu, nangona kunjalo, inokunceda ukwandisa izibonelelo zokuhlala ezixineneyo eziphezulu ngelixa unciphisa ezi zithintelo². Ukugcina imvakalelo yoluntu kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo ezifanelekileyo zohlaza nazo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphila kophuhliso olunoxinano oluphezulu.².

Ukuphila ngokuxineneyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo uyilo lwedolophu oluzinzileyo, enikezela ngezisombululo kwimiba engxamisekileyo yomhlaba olinganiselweyo kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo. Ngokubeka ulungelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphila kakuhle koluntu, uphuhliso oluxineneyo lunokuba negalelo ekudaleni izixeko ezidlamkileyo nezinokuhlalwa ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabemi abakhulayo.²³.

“Ukuphila ngokuxinana okuphezulu kunokukhuthaza indlela yokuphila ezinzileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci kwaye kuncinci ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. "²

Njengoko izixeko zisiya zixinene kwaye zixinene, imfuno yezisombululo zoyilo lwedolophu ukuze zihlangane indalo kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinoxinano oluphezulu lukhulile. Ngenisa ukunyuka kwe iigadi ezithe nkqo - intsingiselo enomtsalane eguqula imbonakalo yedolophu kwaye inika intaphane yeenzuzo micro-ukuphila abahlali⁴.

Iigadi ezithe nkqo aziphuculi nje ubuhle bezakhiwo kunye neendawo zoluntu kodwa zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nokuxhasa idolophu eziphilayo⁴. Ezi ndawo eziluhlaza zibonelela ngendalo ukuxhoma, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, ngelixa kukwanceda ekunciphiseni ubushushu bedolophu isiphumo sesiqithi⁴. Ukongeza, ukuvezwa kwendalo kwimimandla yasezidolophini kubonakaliswe ukunciphisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo, ukukhuthaza impilo-ngqondo yabahlali basezidolophini. micro-ukuphila uphuhliso⁴.

Iigadi ezithe nkqo zingafakwa kuyilo lwedolophu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiigadi eziphahleni kunye iindonga eziluhlaza ukuya kwizityalo zebalcony⁵. Ezi zisombululo eziguquguqukayo neziguquguqukayo zivumela ukudityaniswa kohlaza nakwiyona nto idibeneyo kwaye uyilo olulungele abahambi ngeenyawo⁵. Izinto ezintsha kunye nobuchule, obufana nokusetyenziswa kwe-95% yamacandelo ahlaziyiweyo kudonga oluluhlaza ukwakhiwa, bonisa ukuzinikela kwi izenzo ezizinzileyo in uhlaza ezidolophini⁵.

Izitiya ezithe nkqo zikwanegalelo kwindalo eyohlukeneyo yemekobume yasezidolophini, ibonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo Izityalo nezilwanyana⁵. Ngokubandakanya ezi ndawo eziluhlaza, abacwangcisi beedolophu kunye nabaqulunqi banokudala izibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo ezikhuthaza uthethathethwano noluntu kunye nonxibelelwano olunzulu kwindalo, nakwintliziyo yeendawo ezinabemi abaninzi⁴.

Ukunyuka kwezitiya ezithe nkqo kubonisa inyathelo elithembisayo elisingise kwizixeko ezizinzileyo nezinokuhlaleka, ezibonelela ngomxube okhethekileyo wokusingqongileyo, intlalontle, kunye noqoqosho lweenzuzo kubahlali. micro-ukuphila uphuhliso⁴⁵. Njengoko abantu basezidolophini beqhubeka nokukhula, ukudityaniswa kwezi ndawo ziluhlaza ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva lempilo exineneyo.⁵.

As biophilic urbanism kwaye ubomi obuxinana kakhulu buyanda, isixeko smart Iingqikelelo ziguqula indlela esiyila kunye nesihlala ngayo iindawo zasedolophini⁶. Izixeko zinokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ephucukileyo ukuphucula umgangatho wezalathi zobomi nge-10 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini.⁶, ngelixa izicelo ze-smart-mobility zinamandla okucutha amaxesha okuhamba nge-15 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini ngokomndilili 2025⁶.

Igama elithi "izixeko ezihlakaniphile" liye lavela kunye nenkqubela phambili kwidijithali, i-intanethi, i Internet Yezinto (IoT), kukubhadla okungeyonyani (AI), kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-smartphone ngokubanzi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2000⁷. Amabhunga edolophu amaninzi ngoku asebenzisa iinkqubo zolwazi lwejografi ezisekelwe kwiwebhu (GIS) kunxibelelwano lophuhliso lwedolophu kunye nokuzibandakanya, ebonisa ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe kumanyathelo ocwangciso.⁷. The Komishoni yaseYurophu ichaza isixeko esikrelekrele njengendawo apho itekhnoloji yedijithali kunye nezonxibelelwano zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula uthungelwano lwemveli kunye neenkonzo ukuze kuxhamle abahlali kunye namashishini.⁷.

Iiprojekthi zesixeko ezihlakaniphile zijongana nemida kuphuhliso lwedolophu lwemveli ngo ukudibanisa idatha kunye neenkonzo ezivela kubuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuphucula ukubandakanyeka kwabemi, ukunikezela ngeenkonzo eziphuculweyo, kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwesixeko⁷. Iitekhnoloji eziphambili ezibumba uyilo lwedolophu ziquka izixhobo ze-IoT, iinkqubo eziqhutywa yi-AI, kunye namaqonga ohlalutyo lwedatha.⁶. Umzekelo, izicelo zokushukuma smart zinokunciphisa umndilili wokuhamba ngeepesenti ezingaphezu kwe-5 kwizixeko ezisakhulayo⁶, ngelixa amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza anganqunyulwa ngama-20 ukuya kuma-35 ekhulwini usebenzisa iinkqubo ezihlakaniphile⁶.

Ehlabathini jikelele, abantu baya betsaleka ngakumbi kwiidolophu ezinkulu kuba befuna umgangatho wobomi obuphezulu kunye namathuba angakumbi⁸. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kweendawo zokuhlala ezixinana kakhulu kunyuse imfuno yophuhliso oluzinzileyo nolusebenzayo lwedolophu⁸. Amanyathelo esixeko esihlakaniphile, afana nalawo aseSingapore, ajongana nale mingeni ngokwamkela indlela “yabantu kuqala” ethi isebenzise itekhnoloji ukukhulisa ukuphila nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo.⁸. Ezi projekthi zibonisa indlela ukudibanisa i-IoT, i-AI, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha kunokuphucula uyilo lwedolophu, ukusuka ekuphuculeni amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza ukuya ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.⁶.

Njengoko izixeko ziqhubeka zikhula kwaye zivela, ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe bobuchule kuyilo lwasezidolophini kuya kubaluleka ekudaleni iindawo ezizinzileyo, ezinokuphila, nezilinganayo ezinoxinano oluhlangabezana neemfuno zabahlali kunye namashishini.⁸.

Njengoko ihlabathi liyamkela ingcamango ye izixeko ezixineneyo kwaye urbanism nkqo, indima ye uyilo oluzinzileyo iye yabaluleka ngakumbi. Uphuhliso lweendawo zokuhlala ezixinana kakhulu zifuna inguqulelo izinto zokwakha kunye neendlela zokwakha ezinciphisa imo engqongileyo mpe mbelelo ngelixa uphucula umgangatho weendawo zasedolophini⁹.

Abayili bezakhiwo kunye nabacwangcisi basezidolophini bajika kuluhlu lwe izinto zokwakha ezilungele indalo ukudala iiprojekthi ezizinzileyo ezinoxinano oluphezulu. Intsimbi ehlaziyiweyo, i-bamboo, iinkuni ezibuyiselweyo, kunye nekhonkrithi enekhabhoni ephantsi yimizekelo nje embalwa yokhetho oluzinzileyo olusetyenziswayo.⁹. Ezi zixhobo azigcini nje ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kodwa zikwanegalelo kubuhle obupheleleyo kunye nokuqina kwezakhiwo.

Ngaphandle izinto ezizinzileyo, i ishishini lokwakha ukwamkela iindlela ezintsha zokuyila ezijolise ekunciphiseni inkcitho, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokunciphisa indawo engqongileyo yophuhliso lweendawo zokuhlala ezinoxinano oluphezulu. Ulwakhiwo lwemodyuli, olubandakanya ukwenziwa kwangaphambili kwezixhobo zesakhiwo ngaphandle kwesiza kwaye zidityaniswe kwindawo, lufumene udumo ngenxa yokukwazi ukunciphisa ixesha lokwakha, ukunciphisa inkcitho, kunye nokuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo.⁹.

Ngaphaya koko, ukuqhubela phambili kolwakhiwo lwemodeli yolwazi (BIM) kunye nobugcisa bokwenziwa kwedijithali buvumela abakhi bezakhiwo kunye njineli ukwandisa uyilo kunye nenkqubo yokwakha, ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo¹⁰.

Ngokwamkela imathiriyeli ezinzileyo kunye neendlela ezintsha zokwakha, ishishini loyilo lwasezidolophini livula indlela yokungaphezulu izixeko ezixineneyo kwaye urbanism nkqo ezingakholisiyo ubuhle kuphela kodwa zikwanoxanduva lokusingqongileyo⁹¹⁰.

Ikamva loyilo lwedolophu lithatha umtsi ongqindilili ukuya uphuhliso oluxubeneyo, apho iindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa zidibana ngokungenamthungo. Le ndlela yokuvelisa iguqula indlela esicinga ngayo kunye namava ezixeko, sidala uluntu oluzimeleyo olukhuthazayo uyilo olulungele abahambi ngeenyawo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwiimoto¹¹.

Uphuhliso losetyenziso oluxubeneyo bachaza ngokutsha ubume bedolophu ngokudibanisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwiprojekthi enye. Oku kunokubandakanya iindawo zokuthengisa kumgangatho ophantsi wezakhiwo eziqeshisayo, ezineendawo zokuhlala ezimi ngasentla. Eli lungiselelo lentsebenziswano alikhuthazi nje ukuhamba kodwa likwakhuthaza nemvakalelo yoluntu ngokusondeza izinto eziluncedo kufutshane nekhaya.¹¹.

Kwihlabathi liphela, kukho imizekelo emininzi yophuhliso olunempumelelo oluxubeneyo oluthe lwaguqula imimandla yasezidolophini, lwadala uluntu oludlamkileyo kunye nokukhuthaza. ubomi obuzinzileyo. Ukusuka ekuhlaziyweni kwamaziko esixeko ukuya kuphuhliso lweendawo ezizimele geqe, ezi projekthi zibonisa amandla ale ndlela yokuyilwa koyilo lwedolophu.¹¹.

ELondon, umzekelo, i-Greater London Authority (GLA) igxile ekuhambiseni uphuhliso loxinaniso oluphezulu ukuphendula ukukhula kwabemi ngelixa likhusela ibhanti eluhlaza, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiSicwangciso saseLondon sikaMatshi ka-2021.¹². Uphuhliso olunoxinano oluphezulu ngoku luyamkelwa amagunya ocwangciso asekuhlaleni ngokwesiqhelo, ezixineneyo malunga neendawo zokuhlala ezingama-250 ngehektare nganye zithathwa njengebenchmark¹².

Njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeka lihlala ezidolophini, uphuhliso oluxubeneyo lubonelela ngesisombululo esithembisayo kwimingeni yokuphila ngokuxinana okuphezulu, ukukhuthaza. izixeko ezihlakaniphile kwaye uyilo olulungele abahambi ngeenyawo¹¹.

Ukuxinana okuphezulu ukuhlala ezidolophini ibonisa imingeni kunye namathuba xa kuziwa ekudaleni iindawo zoluntu ezibandakanyayo. Ukufikeleleka kunye nobandakanyo yingqwalasela engundoqo kuyilo lwe izibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo kunye neendawo ezilungele abahambi ngeenyawo¹³. Ngabantu abangaphezu kwe-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zabantu abakhubazekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, besenza malunga ne-15% yabemi¹³, imfuneko yokucinga, biophilic urbanism ayizange icinezele ngakumbi.

Uyilo olubandakanyayo luthathela ingqalelo iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabo bonke abasebenzisi, kubandakanywa abo banokukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo, okanye ngokwengqondo.¹³. Ngokubeka phambili ukufikeleleka, abaqulunqi banokudala iindawo zoluntu ezamkelekileyo kwaye zisebenza kumntu wonke. Oku akuphuculi kuphela umgangatho wobomi babo bakhubazekileyo kodwa konyusa amava omsebenzisi ngokubanzi kuluntu luphela.

• Iindlela ezibanzi, ezinomgangatho wokwamkela abasebenzisi bezitulo ezinamavili kunye nabo banezixhobo zokuhamba
• Iirempu kunye neepaving ezibambekayo ukukhokela abantu abangaboniyo
• Iinkqubo ezininzi zokukhangela indlela, kubandakanywa nokuva kunye neempawu ezibambekayo
• Iinketho zokuhlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo
• Iindawo ezinomthunzi kunye neempawu zamanzi ukwenza ukonwaba, uyilo olulungele abahambi ngeenyawo

Ezi zinto zoyilo, zidibene nokugxila izibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo kunye nothethathethwano noluntu, lunokuguqula iindawo zikawonke-wonke zibe ziimo ezingqongileyo ezibandakanya ngokwenene ezikhuthaza ukuziva uyinxalenye kunye nokuxhotyiswa kwabantu bonke.

“Iindawo zikawonke-wonke ezibandakanyiweyo ayingombandela nje wokufikeleleka; ziyimbonakaliso yemilinganiselo yoluntu nokuzibophelela kubulungisa nobulungisa kwezentlalo.”

Ngokubeka phambili ubandakanyo kuyilo lweendawo ezisezidolophini ezinoxinano oluphezulu, abayili bezakhiwo kunye nabacwangcisi basezidolophini banokudala iindawo ezidlamkileyo, ezifikelelekayo zoluntu eziphucula umgangatho wobomi bubonke kubahlali kunye neendwendwe ngokufanayo.

Njengoko ihlabathi lisiya lisiba ziidolophu ezihlala ezidolophini, ngoku abangaphezu kwama-56 ekhulwini kubemi abahlala ezixekweni¹⁴, ukuyila izisombululo ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo zokushukuma ezidolophini kubalulekile kubomi obuxinana kakhulu. Esinye isicwangciso-qhinga esingundoqo kuphuhliso lophuhliso olubhekiselele kwezothutho, oluthi lubeke izindlu, izinto eziluncedo kunye neendawo zokusebenza kufutshane neendawo zezithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Oku kunciphisa ukuthembela kwizithuthi zabucala, kunciphisa ingxinano yezithuthi kwaye yehle ukukhutshwa kwegesi¹⁴.

Uphuhliso olujolise kuhambo lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Bakhuthaza iindlela zothutho ezisebenzayo nezilungele ukusingqongileyo, ezifana nokuhamba nokukhwela ibhayisekile, ngokudala iindawo ezilungele abahambi ngeenyawo.¹⁵. Oku akuphuculi nje impilo yonke yemimandla yasezidolophini, kodwa ikwaxhasa nendlela yokuphila esempilweni. Ukongeza, ngokudibanisa ukuhamba kukawonkewonke kuyilo, olu phuhliso lunciphisa imfuno yobunini bemoto yomntu kunye nokusetyenziswa, ngaloo ndlela kuthomalalisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yecandelo lezothutho.¹⁴.

Ecaleni kophuhliso olujolise kwezothutho, abayili basezidolophini bakwagxile ekudaleni uthungelwano olubanzi lweebhayisikile nabahambi ngeenyawo. Ezi zidibene iziseko Iinkqubo zikhuthaza iindlela zothutho ezisebenzayo, zenza izixeko zihambe lula kwaye zihambe ngebhayisekile¹⁵. Ngokubeka phambili iimfuno zabahambi ngeenyawo nabakhweli beebhayisikile, imimandla yasezidolophini inokuxhomekeka kancinci kwiimoto, ibe negalelo ekuncitshisweni kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokuphuculwa impilo yoluntu.

Ikamva lokushukuma ezidolophini nalo libunjwa ziinguqulelo zobuchwepheshe. Iinkonzo zokuhamba okwabelwana ngazo, ezifana nokukhwela inqwelo-moya kunye nokwabelana ngemoto, zifumana ukuthandwa kwaye zinokufikelela kwi-500 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya kwi-1 yezigidigidi zeedola kwinkcitho ngo-2030.¹⁴. Ukongeza, ukuphuculwa kwezibonelelo zezithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zezithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezizimeleyo zilungele ukuguqula indlela abantu abahamba ngayo ezixekweni.¹⁴. Ezi zisombululo aziphuculi uqhagamshelo kuphela kodwa zikwanciphisa ifuthe lokusingqongileyo kuthutho lwasezidolophini.

Ngokwamkela uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezisombululo zokushukuma ezidolophini, abacwangcisi besixeko banokudala indawo ehlala ihleli, ezinzileyo kwaye esebenzayo enoxinano oluphezulu lwemekobume yedolophu. Ukusuka kuphuhliso olujoliswe kwezothutho ukuya kuthungelwano lwebhayisikile oludibeneyo nabahambi ngeenyawo, kunye nobuchwepheshe bezothutho obutsha, ikamva lokushukuma ezidolophini libambe amandla okuphucula umgangatho wobomi bubonke kubahlali basezidolophini.

"Icandelo lezothutho linoxanduva malunga nekota ye-CO2 ephuma kumandla ehlabathi jikelele, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sale mveliso iveliswa ziimoto zabakhweli."¹⁴

Njengoko abemi behlabathi beqhubeka besiya besiya ezidolophini, phantse abantu abasixhenxe kwabalishumi kulindeleke ukuba bahlale ezixekweni ngowama-2050.¹⁴, imfuno yezisombululo ezibanzi nezizinzileyo zokushukuma ezidolophini iya isanda. Ngokwamkela ezi ndlela zintsha, abacwangcisi besixeko banokudala indawo ehlala idolophini ephilekayo, esebenzayo kunye neyokukhathalela indalo esingqongileyo exineneyo kakhulu.

Njengoko amaziko asezidolophini eqhubeka ekhula, i ukubaluleka yokudibanisa impilo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwentlalo-ntle kubomi obuxinana kakhulu bubalulekile¹⁶. Ngo-2050, malunga ne-68% yabemi behlabathi baya kube behlala ezidolophini okanye kwamanye amaziko asezidolophini.¹⁶, ukwenza ukuyilwa kwezi zithuba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxhaseni impilo-ntle ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni yabahlali.

Urbanism yeBiophilic, ukudityaniswa kwendalo kwi indawo eyakhelweyo, iye yavela njengesicwangciso esibalulekileyo sokukhuthaza impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwi ezizinzileyo Zakhiwo¹⁶. Inoveli yesixhobo soyilo lwasezidolophini iWellMap yaphuhliswa ukuhlalutya iimpawu zoyilo lwedolophu kwiziphumo ezilungileyo zempilo, kunye nezifundo zolingo e-Atlanta ziveze ukuba iindawo ezisetyenziswayo ezixubeneyo ezinamaqondo aphezulu oxinaniso zidla ngokunikwa umlinganiselo ophezulu weempawu zoyilo lwedolophu ezinegalelo empilweni.¹⁶. Iindawo eziluhlaza, njengeepaki zoluntu, iigadi eziphezu kophahla, kunye neendawo eziluhlaza zangaphakathi, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanya nokuphuculwa. umgangatho womoya, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye namathuba onxibelelwano loluntu.

Ukuyila ukwenza umthambo ngomnye umba obalulekileyo wocwangciso oluthathela ingqalelo impilo edolophini¹⁶. Iindawo zokusetyenziswa komhlaba omnye ezinamaqondo aphantsi oxinaniso zithande ukunikwa ireyithingi esezantsi kuyilo lweempawu zedolophu ezinegalelo kwimpilontle, iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kophuhliso oluxubeneyo olukhuthaza ukuhamba, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhamba ezisebenzayo.¹⁶. Izibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo, ezifana neendawo zempilo kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa, zinokukhuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo kunye noluntu olunamandla phakathi kwabahlali.

Ngokubandakanya ezi zinto ze biophilic urbanism kwaye uyilo oluzinzileyo, abaqulunqi basezidolophini banokwenza iindawo zokuhlala ezixinzelelekileyo ezibeka phambili impilo kunye nentlalontle yabantu abababiza ngokuba yikhaya.

“Izicwangciso-qhinga zoCwangciso lweeDolophu eziphilileyo zijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha kakuhle, ukuphucula iimeko zokuhlala, ukuxhasa abantu abadala, ukwakha imimandla yasezidolophini ekwaziyo ukumelana, ukujongana nokungalingani kwezentlalo, ukwandisa ulwazi lwempilo yoluntu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lweedolophu oluthatha inxaxheba, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nokufikeleleka kolwazi."¹⁷

Njengoko ilizwe liqhubeka nokuya ezidolophini, indima yezempilo kunye nempilo entle kuyilo lwasezidolophini iya kuba baluleke ngakumbi¹⁶. Ngo-2050, imo iyatshintsha inokunyanzela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-143 ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo ngenxa yemozulu embi¹⁷, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukuba izixeko ziyilelwe ukuba zikwazi ukunyamezela, ukuzinza, nokuxhasa impilo-ntle yabemi bazo.

Uphuhliso lwedolophu olunoxinano oluyimpumelelo luxhomekeke kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo noluntu. Ukubandakanya abachaphazelekayo bengingqi, ukusuka kubahlali ukuya kubanini bamashishini, kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iiprojekthi ziyahlangabezana neemfuno kunye neminqweno yoluntu.¹⁸. Ubuchule bokwenza igalelo loluntu olusebenzayo lubandakanya uthethathethwano noluntu, iindibano zocweyo, kunye namaqonga okubandakanya idijithali. Ngokubandakanya iimbono ezahlukeneyo, abaqulunqi basezidolophini banokudala ukubandakanya ngakumbi, ukusabela, kunye neendawo ezizinzileyo ezikhuthaza ukuvakalelwa kobunikazi kunye nokuzingca phakathi koluntu.

Ukuzibandakanya nabachaphazelekayo basekhaya, njengabahlali, amashishini, kunye namaqela oluntu, kuvumela abaqulunqi basezidolophini ukuba baqonde imingeni ekhethekileyo kunye namathuba ommandla.¹⁸¹⁹. Le ndlela yentsebenziswano inceda ukujongana neenkxalabo malunga noxinaniso kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lokugqibela luhambelana nombono woluntu. Ngaphezu koko, iphucula imvakalelo yokubandakanyeka kunye notyalo-mali, okukhokelela kwiindawo ezidlamkileyo nezichumayo zasedolophini.

• Uthethwano noluntu: Lungiselela iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu, zivulwe izindlu, kunye neendibano zocweyo zokuqokelela ingxelo nezimvo kuluntu.
• Amaqonga othethathethwano lwedijithali: Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-intanethi, ezinje ngophando kunye neemephu ezisebenzisanayo, ukufumana igalelo kubaphulaphuli ababanzi.
• Iindibano zocweyo zokuyila ngokubambisana: Mema amalungu oluntu ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yoyilo, ebavumela ukuba bafake isandla kwiimbono zabo ezizodwa.

Ngokwamkela ezi zicwangciso, abaqulunqi basezidolophini banokukhuthaza imvakalelo yobunini kunye nokuzibandakanya, okukhokelela kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo nolunoxinzelelo oluphezulu.²⁰. Le ndlela ayijonganga kuphela iinkxalabo zoluntu kodwa iphinda ibethelele kubulumko obudibeneyo kunye nobuchule babathathi-nxaxheba bendawo, okukhokelela kwiimeko zedolophu ezibonisa ngokwenene iimfuno kunye nomnqweno wabantu abahlala kuzo.

“Uphuhliso oluphumeleleyo loxinaniso alukho malunga nolwakhiwo kuphela indawo, kodwa ngabantu abaza kuhlala, basebenze, baze baphumelele kwezi ndawo. Uthethathethwano noluntu sisiseko sokwenza uyilo lwedolophu olubandakanyayo noluphendulayo.”

Njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeka nokuya ezidolophini, ikamva lempilo ephakamileyo libunjwa luyilo oluyilayo lwezakhiwo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuvelayo. Ubuchule bokwakha bemodyuli, imathiriyeli ephucukileyo, kunye neenkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo zokwakha ezikrelekrele ziyayiguqula indlela esisondela ngayo urbanism nkqo²¹.

Ukujonga phambili, uqikelelo lweentsingiselo zexesha elizayo kwindawo ephakamileyo yokuhlala ukuya ekugxilweni okwandisiweyo kuzinzo. Iigadi ezithe nkqo, njengeBosco Verticale eMilan, edibanisa ngaphezulu kwe900 imithi kunye nezityalo ezingama-20,000, ziya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ngakumbi, ziphucula indalo esingqongileyo kunye nexabiso lobuhle bezi zakhiwo zixinene kakhulu.²¹. Ukongeza, ukudityaniswa kwezolimo zasezidolophini ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunika amandla okujongana ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzimela kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi¹.

As izixeko ezihlakaniphile ukuqhubeka nokuvela, ikamva lokuphila okuphakamileyo liya kubona ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwetheknoloji ukudala iindawo ezidolophini eziphilileyo, ezisebenzayo kunye neziphilileyo. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nokunciphisa i-70% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphunyeziweyo yi-Edge e-Amsterdam ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zenzwa ezihlakaniphile ziya kuba zixhaphake kakhulu, zinceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokuphila koxinano oluphezulu.²¹. Ngaphaya koko, umkhwa oya kwiindawo zokuhlala eziguquguqukayo kunye noyilo olujolise kuluntu luya kubumba ikamva lolwakhiwo oluphezulu, ukubonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabahlali.¹²².

1. Iintsingiselo kuyilo lweNdawo yokuNxinaniswa okuPhezulu-i-DesignX Studios- https://designxstudios.ca/the-future-of-urban-housing-trends-in-high-density-residential-design/
2. Izindlu ezixineneyo kakhulu: Ukwenza ukuPhila eziDolophini kufikeleleke [2023] - https://swiftlane.com/blog/high-density-housing/
3. Izindlu ezixineneyo ngokuPhakamileyo: Yintoni kwaye iyichaphazela njani iNdlu yosapho oluNinzi? - https://butterflymx.com/blog/high-density-housing/
4. Ukubandakanya uYilo loBume beLizwe kwindawo yokuHlala yesiXeko esiXinane ngokuPhezulu | Imibono yoYilo lweLizwe elakhiweyo- https://caddetailsblog.com/post/incorporating-landscape-design-in-high-density-city-living
5. Izinto eziluncedo zokuLima nkqo-Inkampani yaseGreenwall- https://greenwall.com.au/blog/vertical-gardening-in-urban-architecture/
6. Izixeko ezihlakaniphile: Izisombululo zeDijithali zekamva eliphilayo ngakumbi - https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/smart-cities-digital-solutions-for-a-more-livable-future
7. Izixeko ezihlakaniphile njengeqonga letekhnoloji nentlalontle ezintsha kwimveliso, uzinzo, kunye nokuphila: Isakhelo sengqiqo - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7516555/
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9. N2109039.doc- https://webofproceedings.org/proceedings_series/ESSP/ICEESR 2021/N2109039.pdf
10. Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo kunye nokuthelekisa iziphumo zoxinaniso kunye nezizathu zokucwangcisa | Izakhiwo kunye nezixeko- https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/10.5334/bc.125
11. Imida | Umahluko kumava ngoPhuhliso lweMixed-Use Projects ukusuka kwi-2004 kunye ne-2017 - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2021.734149/full
12. Imida | Ukuyila unxibelelwano lwentlalo kwizindlu ezixineneyo kakhulu: Uhlalutyo lwemeko ezininzi zophuhliso olukhokelwa kuyilo olusandula ukwenziwa eLondon - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-cities/articles/10.3389/frsc.2022.1043701/full
13. Akukho sihloko sifunyenweyo- https://www.journalpublicspace.org/index.php/jps/article/view/1500/885
14. Itekhnoloji yeziseko zophuhliso: Imingeni kunye nezisombululo zokushukumiseka kakuhle kwiindawo zasezidolophini - https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/infrastructure-technologies-challenges-and-solutions-for-smart-mobility-in-urban-areas
15. Akukho sihloko sifunyenweyo- https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/urban-density-and-sustainability/241696/
16. Ngokubhekiselele kwiMpilontle kuYilo: Isakhelo sokuVavanya iNdawo eYakhiweyo yaseDolophini | Abayili beHKS – https://www.hksinc.com/how-we-think/reports/towards-wellness-in-design-a-framework-for-evaluating-the-urban-built-environment/
17. Uyilo oluphilileyo kunye noBuchule bokuCwangciswa kweDolophu, iintshukumo, kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo wokuPhumeza iziXeko zaseSalutogenic - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6313765/
18. Izixeko ezikwiSikali soMntu: Impembelelo yoyilo loluntu kumgangatho wobomi kunye nokuhamba ukuya phezulu - https://knightfoundation.org/articles/cities-on-a-human-scale-the-impact-of-community-design-on-quality-of-life-and-upward-mobility/
19. Uzinzo ezidolophini: ukuya kwisakhelo somgangatho kunye noxinano oluphezulu? | Iidolophu ezizayo kunye nokusiNgqongileyo- https://futurecitiesandenvironment.com/articles/10.1186/s40984-016-0021-3
20. Ukusuka kuyilo lweKota: Iindlela ezisi-8 zokuyila ukuxinana kwaye uphile apho isenzo sikho- https://www.stantec.com/en/ideas/topic/design-quarterly/from-the-design-quarterly-8-ways-to-design-for-density-and-live-where-the-action-is.html
21. Ukuyila ukuNxinana: Izinto ezintsha zokuPhila okuPhezulu- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/designing-density-innovations-high-rise-living-muhammad-asif-i4lgf
22. Ukunyuka kwezindlu zokuhlala: Iindlela ezintlanu zokuxinana okuphezulu ngo-2024 - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rise-apartment-living-five-high-density-trends-2024-red23-q1ylc