Imbali yoKwakha yaseFransi

IFransi inembali etyebileyo ye ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo izenzo kwaye i-eco-friendly architecture, ukwenza inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo isakhiwo esiluhlaza technical emveni kweminyaka. Ilizwe beliphambili ekukhuthazeni abantu ukuba bakhathalele indalo ukwakhiwa iindlela kwaye iphumeze amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kunye nemimiselo yokuxhasa Uphuhliso oluphathekayo.

Ukuthatha okuQatha:

IFransi iseke amanyathelo afana ne "Le Grenelle de l'Environnement" ukucacisa kwakhona Umgaqo-nkqubo wezendalo, ukutyala imali kwi amandla ahlanzekileyo kunye nokukhuthaza umoya ovuselelekayo kwimithombo.
Ukwakha iilebhile ezifana I-THPE kwaye I-THPE EnR bonakalisa ulwakhiwo olungawonga amandla kunye nendalo engqongileyo.
The Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE) umgangatho ugxile ekulawuleni iimpembelelo zangaphandle, ukunciphisa amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, nokudala iimeko ezithandekayo zangaphakathi.
Indlela entsha yaseFransi yoku luhlaza isakhiwo iye waphefumlela amanye amazwe, kunye nemimiselo efanayo kuqwalaselwa Singapho , Hong Kong, kwaye i udibano lwaseyurophu.

Ukuqala kweSakhiwo esiGreen eFransi

Ukuqala kwesakhiwo esiluhlaza eFransi kunokulandwa emva kwimizamo yokuqala yokubeka phambili uyilo lokusingqongileyo, sebenzisa ehlaziyekayo izinto zokwakha, kwaye udibanise i-passive uyilo qhinga kuba ukusebenza kwamandla. Njengoko ilizwe lamkele i ukubaluleka of izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo, abakhi bezakhiwo nabakhi baqalisa ukwamkela eco-friendly Zakhiwo ukunciphisa i ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo of izakhiwo. La manyathelo okuqala abeka isiseko sembali yokwakha eluhlaza yaseFransi.

Uyilo lokusingqongileyo yaba yingqwalasela ephambili kwintshukumo yokwakha eluhlaza yaseFransi. Abayili bezakhiwo baqala ukubandakanya imigaqo efana nokuqhelaniswa nelanga, umoya wendalo, kunye nokukhanya kwemini kuyilo lwabo. Le ndlela yokwandisa amandla ombane ngokusebenzisa ubushushu belanga kunye nokuhamba komoya kwendalo, inciphisa imfuneko yokufudumeza, ukupholisa kunye nokukhanyisa. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe izinto zokwakha ezivuselelekayo, ezifana neenkuni ezivuniweyo ngokuzinzileyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, zafumana ukuthandwa kwi ishishini lokwakha.

Iindlela zokuyila ezingenzi nto ziye zadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali yokwakha eluhlaza yaseFransi. Ezi zicwangciso zibandakanya ukuyilwa kwezakhiwo ezithatha ithuba lezinto zendalo ukugcina ubumnandi bendlu indawo. Iimpawu ezifana nokuqhelaniswa nesakhiwo, ukuxhoma, kunye neenkqubo ze-shading zinceda ukulawula ukushisa kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yokufudumeza komatshini kunye nokupholisa. Ngokuphumeza ezi zinto zoyilo lwe-passive, izakhiwo zaseFransi zifezekiseke kakhulu ukonga amandla ngelixa unikezela okumnandi kunye ubomi obuzinzileyo Ngileyo.

Ukuzinikela kwi uyilo lokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe izinto zokwakha ezivuselelekayo, kunye nokufakwa kwe izicwangciso zoyilo lokwenziwa ziye zahlahl’ indlela yempumelelo yeFransi kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo. Ezi nzame azizange zinciphise kuphela Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni zezakhiwo kodwa zibe negalelo kwintlalo-ntle kunye nobutofotofo babantu abahlala kuzo. Imbali yokwakha eluhlaza yaseFransi iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza amanye amazwe, njengoko beqonda ukubaluleka kokwamkela izenzo ezifanayo ukuze baqhubeke bekhuthaza amanye amazwe. ikamva elizinzileyo.

Amanyathelo kaRhulumente kunye neeleyibhile zokwakha

Ukuzibophelela kweFransi kwisakhiwo esiluhlaza kuye komelezwa ngakumbi ngamaphulo karhulumente, afana nokuqaliswa kweelebhile zokwakha ezifana I-THPE kwaye I-THPE EnR, kunye nokugxila kwi uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo kwaye isiqinisekiso sesakhiwo esiluhlaza. La manyathelo adlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ukwamkelwa kwe izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo kunye nokukhuthaza i-eco-friendly architecture kwilizwe lonke.

The I-THPE (i-Très Haute Performance Energétique) ileyibhile, eguqulela kwi-"Very High Energy Performance," ibona izakhiwo ezibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ukufezekisa le layibhile, izakhiwo kufuneka zihlangabezane neendlela ezingqongqo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukugquma, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Oku kukhuthaza abayili bezakhiwo kunye neengcali zokwakha ukuba babandakanye iimpawu zokonga umbane kunye nobuchwepheshe obunokuhlaziywa kuyilo lwabo.

The I-THPE EnR (Très Haute Performance Energétique avec des Energies Renouvelables) ileyibhile ithatha inyathelo elongezelelweyo ngokubandakanya iimfuno zamandla ahlaziyekayo kwiikhrayitheriya zokusebenza kwamandla kwisakhiwo. Le leyibhile ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njenge iiphaneli zesola okanye ukufudumeza kwe-geothermal, ukunciphisa ngakumbi okusingqongileyo mpe mbelelo yesakhiwo.

Ukongeza kwiilebhile zokwakha, iFransi nayo igxininise ezizinzileyo uphuhliso lwedolophu. Oku kubandakanya ukudala uluntu olunobuhlobo kokusingqongileyo olubeka phambili izithuba eziluhlaza, abahambi ngeenyawo iziseko, iinkqubo zothutho zikawonke-wonke ezisebenzayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe izinto ezizinzileyo in iiprojekthi zokwakha.

Iileyibhile zokwakha	inkcazelo
I-THPE	Uthathela ingqalelo izakhiwo ezinobuchule obukhethekileyo bamandla
I-THPE EnR	Udibanisa iimfuno zamandla ahlaziyekayo kwiikhrayitheriya zokusebenza kwamandla

Ukuzinikela kweFransi kwimisebenzi yokwakha ezinzileyo kunye isiqinisekiso sesakhiwo esiluhlaza ayitshintshanga nje kuphela ishishini lokwakha lesizwe kodwa ikwakhuthaze namanye amazwe ukuba alandele umzekelo. Imimiselo efanayo kunye namanyathelo ngoku ayaqwalaselwa kumazwe afana Singapho , Hong Kong, kwaye ngaphakathi kwe udibano lwaseyurophu, ngeenzame zokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokulwa imo iyatshintsha kumlinganiselo wehlabathi.

The Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE) umgangatho udlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuchazeni uyilo oluzinzileyo eFransi, egxininisa ulwakhiwo oluwonga amandla, ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nokudala imeko-bume ekhululekile yangaphakathi. Yaziswa ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, le nkqubo yezatifikethi ibanzi yaguqula indlela yoyilo lwesakhiwo nolwakhiwo, ukukhuthaza. izenzo ezizinzileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza kokusingqongileyo.

Umgangatho we-HQE uquka iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokusingqongileyo wezakhiwo. Iquka imiba emininzi, kuquka ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, amanzi nokugcinwa, ulawulo lwenkunkuma, umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ngokugxila ekunciphiseni impembelelo yesakhiwo kwindalo, umgangatho we-HQE ukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukugquma okusebenzayo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuzinzileyo.

Omnye wemigaqo ephambili yomgangatho we-HQE ngu ulwakhiwo oluwonga amandla. Umgangatho ukhuthaza ukuyila kunye ukuqaliswa yamanyathelo okonga amandla, afana neenkqubo ezisebenzayo zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, ukugquma, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngokubeka phambili ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, izakhiwo eziqinisekisiweyo phantsi komgangatho we-HQE zinciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint yazo kwaye zinegalelo kwi-France's. nokuzinza iinjongo.

Itheyibhile: Imiba ephambili yoMgangatho weHaute Qualité Environnementale (HQE).

Ikhrayitheriya	inkcazelo
Ukusebenza kwamandla	Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngamandla kunye nemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ulondolozo lwaManzi	Ikhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okonga amanzi, njenge ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula kunye nezixhobo zamanzi ezifanelekileyo.
Ulawulo lweNkunkuma	Ukhuthaza ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma, ukurisayikilisha, kunye neendlela zokulahla ngenkathalo ngexesha lolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwezakhiwo.
Ngaphandle Umgangatho Womoya	Igxininisa ekudaleni indawo ephilileyo nekhululekileyo yangaphakathi ngokunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okwaneleyo.
Izixhobo zokusingqongileyo	Ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokwakha ezizinzileyo kunye nezokusingqongileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokwakha.

Ukwaziswa komgangatho we-HQE kube nempembelelo enkulu kwi uyilo oluzinzileyo eFransi. Iye yakhuthaza ezintsha kuyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo, olukhokelela kuphuhliso lwe izakhiwo ezonga umbane ezibeka phambili ukonwaba kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Umgangatho uphinde wasebenza njenge-catalyst yophando kunye nophuhliso kwi izinto eco-friendly kunye nobuchule bokwakha, ukuqhubela phambili phambili izenzo ezizinzileyo kushishino.

Ukuzibophelela kweFransi kumgangatho we-HQE kuzuze ingqwalasela yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuqondwa. Impumelelo yenkqubo yoqinisekiso lwe-HQE iye yaphefumlela amanye amazwe, njenge Singapho , Hong Kong, kunye namalungu e udibano lwaseyurophu, ukuqwalasela imigaqo kunye nemigangatho efanayo ukukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo zokwakha. Ngokwabelana ngobuchwephesha kunye namava, iFransi iyaqhubeka nokuba negalelo kwiinzame zehlabathi ekudaleni ukuzinza ngakumbi kunye nokuqaphela indalo indawo eyakhelweyo.

Impembelelo kunye neMpembelelo

Imizamo yobuvulindlela yaseFransi kwimisebenzi yokwakha ezinzileyo kunye isiqinisekiso sesakhiwo esiluhlaza zibe nempembelelo enkulu, zikhuthaza amanye amazwe afana neSingapore, iHong Kong, kunye ne-European Union ukuba amkele imimiselo efanayo. Ukuzinikela kwelizwe ekukhuthazeni ulwakhiwo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo ubuchule kunye uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo uye wamisela umzekelo kwihlabathi imizamo yokuzinza.

Omnye umzekelo ophawulekayo wempembelelo yaseFransi unokubonwa eSingapore, apho urhulumente uqalise iinkqubo ezininzi zokwakha eziluhlaza. UGunyaziwe woKwakha noKwakha (i-BCA) uphehlelele inkqubo yoPhawu oluLuhlaza, ehlawulisa izakhiwo ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwazo kokusingqongileyo. Le nkqubo yoqinisekiso ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji eyonga amandla, izinto ezizinzileyo, kunye nemigaqo yoyilo ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, ithatha inkuthazo kwiileyibhile zokwakha zaseFransi ezifana neTHPE kunye neTHPE EnR.

E-Hong Kong, urhulumente uye waqaphela ukubaluleka kwesiqinisekiso sokwakha uhlaza. I-Hong Kong Green Building Council (HKGBC) iye yazisa isixhobo sokuhlola i-BEAM Plus, esivavanya ukugcinwa kokusebenza kwezakhiwo. Eli nyathelo lijolise ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kuphuhliso lwedolophu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kubahlali, ngokulandela emanyathelweni aseFransi. Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE) umgangatho.

Ukuqhuba koZinzo lweManyano yaseYurophu

Imbali yokwakha eluhlaza yaseFransi ayizange iphembelele kuphela ilizwe ngalinye kodwa iqhubele phambili iinzame zokuzinza kwinqanaba lengingqi. IManyano yaseYurophu iye yakhuthazwa yimpumelelo yeFransi kwaye iphumeze amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okukhuthaza izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo kumazwe angamalungu.

The Komishoni yaseYurophu yazisa i-European Green Deal, isicwangciso esibanzi esijolise ekwenzeni iYurophu ibe lilizwekazi lokuqala kwihlabathi elingathathi hlangothi kwimozulu ngo-2050. Eli nyathelo linqwenelekayo ligxile ekuguquleni icandelo lokwakha ngokuphakamisa izakhiwo eziwonga amandla, uqoqosho olujikelezayo imigaqo, kunye Iziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo, ukudweba ugqozi lokuzibophelela kweFransi kwisiqinisekiso sokwakha uhlaza kunye uyilo oluzinzileyo.

Ukuzinikela kweFransi kwimisebenzi yokwakha ezinzileyo iyaqhubeka nokubumba ikamva lesakhiwo esiluhlaza kwihlabathi jikelele. Njengoko amazwe amaninzi ekuqonda ukubaluleka kokuyila izakhiwo ezinobungani kokusingqongileyo kunye nezonga amandla, amalinge kunye nemimiselo yaseFransi isebenza njengeplani exabisekileyo yokuphumeza uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo kunye nekamva eliluhlaza lomntu wonke.

Amaphuzu aphambili:
Imbali yaseFransi yokwakha eluhlaza iye yaphefumlela iSingapore, iHong Kong, kunye ne-European Union ukuba yamkele imimiselo efanayo.
I-Singapore yazise iskimu se-Green Mark, siphenjelelwa ziilebhile zokwakha zaseFransi kunye nogxininiso ekusebenzeni kwamandla.
I-Hong Kong iphumeze isixhobo sovavanyo se-BEAM Plus, sitsala inkuthazo ukusuka kumgangatho we-HQE yaseFransi.
I-European Union isungule i-European Green Deal, ihambelana nokuzibophelela kweFransi kwimisebenzi yokwakha ezinzileyo.

isiphelo

Imbali yolwakhiwo oluluhlaza yaseFransi ime njengobungqina bokuzibophelela kwesizwe kwiindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo, kwaye impembelelo yayo iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza iinzame zehlabathi ezisingise kwikamva elikhathalele indalo esingqongileyo.

Ngo-2007, urhulumente waseFransi uye wasungula inyathelo le-“Le Grenelle de l’Environnement”, elijolise ekuchazeni ngokutsha umgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe wokusingqongileyo. Esi sicwangciso esinqwenelekayo sasiquka iingcebiso ezifana nokutyalomali i-€ 1 yezigidigidi kumandla acocekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-20%, ukukhuthaza imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, kunye nokuphunyezwa kweerhafu eziluhlaza. La manyathelo abeka isiseko sophuhliso lwe iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza eFransi.

Iileyibhile zokwakha ezifana ne-THPE (Ukusebenza kwamandla aPhezulu kakhulu) kunye ne-THPE EnR (uMsebenzi woMbane oPhezulu kakhulu kunye naMandla aHlaziywayo) zaye zaziswa ukubonisa izakhiwo ezisebenza ngamandla kwaye zihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ezi lebhile zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ukwamkelwa kweendlela zolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo kwilizwe lonke, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokunciphisa amandla ombane. ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.

Enye yegalelo elibalulekileyo laseFransi kwisakhiwo esiluhlaza kukuphuhliswa komgangatho weHaute Qualité Environnementale (HQE). Lo mgangatho ubanzi ugxile ekulawuleni iimpembelelo zangaphandle, ukunciphisa amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, nokudala imeko-bume emnandi yangaphakathi. Ibe nefuthe kuyilo nolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo eFransi, iqinisekisa ukuba azinabungozi nje kuphela kokusingqongileyo kodwa zikwabonelela ngendawo yokuhlala esempilweni netofotofo kunye nendawo yokusebenza kubahlali.

Indlela entsha yaseFransi kwisakhiwo sohlaza ayitshintshanga kuphela ishishini lokwakha lesizwe kodwa iphinde yavuselela intshukumo yehlabathi ekuzinzeni. Imimiselo efanayo kunye namanyathelo ngoku ayaqwalaselwa kumazwe afana neSingapore, iHong Kong, kunye ne-European Union, ejonge eFransi njengomzekelo wokuphumeza izenzo ezizinzileyo kumacandelo abo okwakha. Ngokwabelana ngolwazi namava, iFransi iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza kwaye iqhube iinzame zehlabathi jikelele ukuya kwikamva eliluhlaza nelizinzileyo.

FAQ

Iyintoni imbali yesakhiwo esiluhlaza eFransi?

IFransi yenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kwisakhiwo esiluhlaza kunye neendlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo. Ngo-2007, urhulumente waseFransi waseka inyathelo le-“Le Grenelle de l'Environnement”, elijolise ekuchazeni ngokutsha umgaqo-nkqubo waseFransi wokusingqongileyo. Iingcebiso zibandakanya utyalo-mali lwe-€ 1 yezigidigidi kumandla acocekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-20%, ukukhuthaza imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, kunye nokuphunyezwa kweerhafu eziluhlaza.

Zeziphi iilebhile zokwakha eziye zaziswa eFransi ukubonisa ukonga umbane kunye nezakhiwo ezinobungani nokusingqongileyo?

Iileyibhile zokwakha ezinje ngeTHPE kunye neTHPE EnR zaziswa eFransi ukubonisa amandla asebenzayo kunye nezakhiwo ezinobume bendalo.

Yintoni umgangatho weHaute Qualité Environnementale (HQE) eFransi?

Umgangatho weHaute Qualité Environnementale (HQE) eFransi ugxile ekulawuleni iimpembelelo zangaphandle, ukunciphisa amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokudala indawo eyonwabileyo yangaphakathi.