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Fransi likhaya kwezona zinto zintsha kunye ne-eco-friendly izakhiwo emhlabeni. Ngokugxila kwi uyilo oluzinzileyo, Indawo intle ukwakhiwa, yaye iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza, ilizwe lenze iinzame ezibalulekileyo zokunciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo yezakhiwo zayo.
- Urhulumente useke inkqubo "yeLe Grenelle de l'Environnement" ngo-2007, equka iingcebiso ezinjengotyalo-mali lwe-1 yebhiliyoni kumandla acocekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-20% ngo-2020, kunye nokuphumeza luhlaza irhafu.
– Iileyibhile zokwakha eFransi, kubandakanywa I-THPE 2005 kwaye I-THPE EnR 2005, bonisa ukuphuculwa ukusebenza kwamandla kwaye umoya ovuselelekayo Mveliso.
-IFransi ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe ukufudumeza ilanga kunye nezibonelelo izibonelelo ukufakwa kwayo, ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kobu buchwephesha be-eco-friendly.
- I indawo engeyiyo yokuhlala elona galelo likhulu ekukhuleni kwemarike izakhiwo eziluhlaza eFransi, kugxilwe kokusingqongileyo nokuzinza kubonakala kwi Isalathiso sokuKhula okuluhlaza ye 70.9 ku2021.
Ukuthatha okuQatha:
- IFransi iphambili kwi ezizinzileyo Zakhiwo kwaye ulwakhiwo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo.
- Inkqubo “yeLe Grenelle de l’Environnement” eqalwe ngurhulumente ibe luncedo ekukhuthazeni isakhiwo esiluhlaza izenzo.
- Ukwakha iilebhile ezifana I-THPE 2005 kwaye I-THPE EnR 2005 bonisa ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nemveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa ukufudumeza ilanga iyakhuthazwa eFransi, kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo zokufakelwa.
- The indawo engeyiyo yokuhlala iqhuba imarike ekhulayo yezakhiwo eziluhlaza elizweni.
Ukukhuthaza uPhuhliso oluZinzileyo eFransi
Urhulumente waseFransi ebehamba phambili ekukhuthazeni Uphuhliso oluphathekayo kwaye iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza. Iinzame zenziwe ukunciphisa ifuthe lokusingqongileyo kwizakhiwo ngokusebenzisa Uyilo oluwonga amandla, ukusetyenziswa izinto eco-friendly, kwaye i ukuqaliswa of izibonelelo eziluhlaza. La manyathelo ahambelana nokuzinikela kwelizwe ukugcinwa kwendalo kunye nokukhuthazwa kwekamva eliluhlaza.
Ngokuvisisana nolu sukelo, iFransi iye yaseka iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhuthaza ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo. Elinye inyathelo elinjalo yi-LEED (Ubunkokeli kuMandla kunye Uyilo lwendalo) inkqubo yoqinisekiso, eqinisekisa izakhiwo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokusebenza kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo. Izakhiwo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-LEED ukubeka phambili imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi.
Urhulumente waseFransi ukwakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe izinto eco-friendly ekwakhiweni. Ngokubeka phambili ukukhangela okuzinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi, izakhiwo zinokunciphisa mpe mbelelo kwi indawo. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana nentsimbi ehlaziyiweyo, iinkuni ezibuyiselweyo, kunye neepeyinti zeVOC eziphantsi (iVolatile Organic Compounds), ezinegalelo kwimekobume esempilweni yangaphakathi.
Yongeza i-H3 ukuba kuyimfuneko kwaye kufanelekile:
Ukubaluleka kweziSeko ezinguNdoqo zoHlaza
Luhlaza iziseko idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi Uphuhliso oluphathekayo. Ibhekisela ekudityanisweni kwezinto zendalo, ezifana uphahla oluhlaza kunye neepavumente ezingenekayo, kwiindawo ezakhiweyo. Ezi mpawu zinceda ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi esiphango, ukunciphisa imiphumo yesiqithi sobushushu, kunye nokwandisa eziphilayo. Ngokudibanisa izibonelelo eziluhlaza kwiindawo zasezidolophini, iFransi ijolise ekudaleni impilo enempilo nangaphezulu izixeko ezizinzileyo kubemi bayo.
| Unyaka | Isalathiso sokuKhula okuluhlaza |
|---|---|
| 2019 | 65.2 |
| 2020 | 68.5 |
| 2021 | 70.9 |
(Imvelaphi: Isalathiso sokuKhula okuluhlaza)
Impembelelo ye "Le Grenelle de l'Environnement"
Inkqubo ye-“Le Grenelle de l'Environnement” eyaqalwa ngo-2007 ibenempembelelo enkulu ekukhuthazeni. izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo eFransi. Olu thethwano lubanzi lwesizwe lwadibanisa amagosa karhulumente, iingcali zemekobume, abameli bamashishini, nabemi ukuze bathethe imingeni yokusingqongileyo kunye nokubeka iinjongo zamabhongo zenguqu yelizwe.
Ngenxa ye-“Le Grenelle de l’Environnement,” kwenziwa izindululo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukuze kuphuculwe ukuzinza kwezakhiwo zaseFransi. Elinye lamanyathelo aqaphelekayo kukuqaliswa kweelebhile zokwakha, ezifana I-THPE 2005 (Très Haute Performance Énergétique) kunye I-THPE EnR 2005 (THPE nge-Renewable Energy). Ezi lebhile zibonisa ukuba isakhiwo sihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokusebenzisa amandla kwaye siyadibanisa iinkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukukhuthaza uhlaza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla indawo eyakhelweyo.
Ukongeza kwiilebhile zokwakha, "iLe Grenelle de l'Environnement" igxininise ukucuthwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphunyezwa iirhafu eziluhlaza. Urhulumente waseFransi uzibophelele ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-20% ngo-2020 kwaye utyale imali engaphezulu kwe-1 yebhiliyoni kwiiprojekthi zamandla acocekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ukuqaliswa kwe iirhafu eziluhlaza ejolise ekuthinteleni izenzo ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo.
Impembelelo ye-“Le Grenelle de l'Environnement” kwiMifanekiso yeZakhiwo
I-“Le Grenelle de l’Environnement” idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ukwamkelwa kweelebhile zokwakha eFransi, okukhokelela ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokudityaniswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo iiprojekthi zokwakha. Iileyibhile ze-THPE 2005 kunye ne-THPE EnR 2005 ziqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo, ezinegalelo kwiinjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo zelizwe.
Olu gxininiso kuzinzo lubonakala ngakumbi ekukhuleni kokuthandwa kweenkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, ngakumbi ukufudumeza ilanga, eFransi. Urhulumente ukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobushushu belanga kwizakhiwo kwaye unikezela ngezibonelelo zokufakelwa kwazo. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi zelanga, iFransi ayinciphisi nje ukuthembela kwimithombo yamandla engahlaziyekiyo kodwa iyancipha. ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwaye inegalelo kwiinjongo zelizwe jikelele zokusingqongileyo.
IMarike eKhulayo yeZakhiwo eziLuhlaza eFransi
Ukuzinikela kweFransi ekukhuthazeni iindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo kubangele imarike ekhulayo yezakhiwo eziluhlaza, kunye indawo engeyiyo yokuhlala ekhokela indlela. I Isalathiso sokuKhula okuluhlaza, umlinganiselo obanzi wokuzinza kwendalo, ufikelele kwi-70.9 eFransi ngo-2021, ugxininisa ukuzinikela kwelizwe ekudaleni ikusasa eliluhlaza.
Ukunyuka kwemfuno yezakhiwo eziluhlaza kunokubalelwa kwiinzuzo zazo ezininzi. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, ezi zakhiwo zibonelela ngokuphucuka kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, imeko-bume esempilweni yangaphakathi, kunye nokonga iindleko zexesha elide. Njengoko amashishini kunye nemibutho ibeka phambili uzinzo, imarike ye izakhiwo eco-friendly iyaqhubeka ukwandisa, ukuqhuba ezintsha kunye nezenzo zokukhathalela indalo.
| Amanyathelo aPhambili | Unyaka |
|---|---|
| Ukuqaliswa kweelebhile zokwakha (THPE 2005 kunye neTHPE EnR 2005) | 2007 |
| Utyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zamandla acocekileyo | 2007 |
| Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-20% ngo-2020 | 2007 |
| Ukuphunyezwa kweerhafu eziluhlaza | 2007 |
| Ukukhuthazwa kokufudumala kwelanga kunye izibonelelo zofakelo | 2007 |
Ukuzibophelela kweFransi kwizenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo, njengoko kuboniswe ngu "Le Grenelle de l'Environnement," ubeke ilizwe njengenkokeli yokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo. Ngeelebhile zokwakha ezingqongqo, ukwanda kokwamkelwa kweenkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye nemarike ekhulayo yezakhiwo eziluhlaza, iFransi iyaqhubeka nokuvula indlela yekamva eliluhlaza nelizinzileyo.
France incentivizes ukusetyenziswa ukufudumeza kwelanga kwizakhiwo ngokusebenzisa izibonelelo zofakelo, ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuzinza kwendalo. Ngokusebenzisa Amandla esola njengomthombo ohlaziyekayo, izakhiwo zinokunciphisa Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka ifosili yeefuweli. Ezi nkxaso-mali zikhuthaza abantu kunye namashishini ukuba amkele iinkqubo zokufudumeza ilanga, okwenza impembelelo entle kokusingqongileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokufudumeza ilanga kukukwazi ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuvelisa ubushushu. Iipaneli zelanga ukufunxa ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye ukuguqulele kumandla obushushu, anokuthi ke asetyenziselwe iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza ezifana nokufudumeza kwamanzi okanye ukufudumeza indawo. Oku kunciphisa imfuno yeenkqubo zokufudumeza eziqhelekileyo ezixhomekeke kwimithombo engahlaziyekiyo kwaye ikhuphe iigesi ze-greenhouse.
Ngenkxaso yenkxaso-mali ebonelelwa ngurhulumente waseFransi, abantu kunye namashishini banokuhlawula iindleko zokuqala zokufaka iinkqubo zokufudumeza ilanga. Ezi zibonelelo zinceda ukwenza ubushushu belanga bufikeleleke kwaye bufikeleleke kuluhlu olubanzi lwabantu, ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa izenzo ezizinzileyo. Ukongeza, ukonga ixesha elide kwiibhilikhwe ezincitshisiweyo zamandla kwenza ukufudumeza kwelanga kube yinto enokufumaneka ngokwemali kwabaninzi.
Izibonelelo zokufudumeza ngeSola
Kukho iinzuzo ezininzi zokubandakanya ukufudumeza kwelanga kwizakhiwo. Okokuqala, ibonelela ngesisombululo esizinzileyo esinciphisa ukuthembela kwimithombo elinganiselweyo, inceda ukulondoloza okusingqongileyo ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo. Iinkqubo zokufudumeza ilanga nazo zibonelela ngomthombo othembekileyo wamandla, njengoko azikho phantsi kweenguqu kumaxabiso amafutha okanye ukufumaneka. Ngaphezu koko, ukufudumeza kwelanga kunokukhokelela ekubalulekeni ukonga amandla, igalelo lokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokubanzi.
Ngokwamkela ukufudumeza kwelanga kunye nokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezibonelelwa ngurhulumente waseFransi, abantu kunye namashishini banokudlala indima ebonakalayo ekunciphiseni. imo iyatshintsha, ukukhuthaza Uphuhliso oluphathekayo, kunye nokwakha ikamva eliluhlaza.
| Izibonelelo zokufudumeza ngeSola |
|---|
| Ukunciphisa unyawo lwekhabhoni |
| Yehlisa ukuthembela kumafutha efosili |
| Ibonelela ngesisombululo sokufudumala esizinzileyo |
| Ukunciphisa amatyala amandla |
| Inikezela ngogcino lweendleko zexesha elide |
IMarike eKhulayo yeZakhiwo eziLuhlaza eFransi
Imarike yezakhiwo eziluhlaza eFransi ifumana ukukhula okubonakalayo, ngakumbi kwicandelo elingeyondawo yokuhlala, njengoko kubonakaliswe yi-Green Growth Index. Ngokugxila ekuzinzeni kokusingqongileyo, amashishini kunye nemibutho iya isanda ngokwanda ukwakhiwa eco-friendly izenzo kunye noyilo. Olu tshintsho lusingise kwizakhiwo eziluhlaza luqhutywa ngumnqweno wokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezakhiwo ngelixa likwafumana inzuzo yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokongiwa kweendleko.
NgokweSalathiso sokuKhula kokuHlaza eFransi, ilizwe lafumana amanqaku angama-70.9 ngo-2021, libonisa ukuzibophelela kwalo Uphuhliso oluphathekayo. Esi salathiso silinganisa imiba eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa izenzo zokwakha eziluhlaza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma. Amanqaku aphezulu abonisa iinzame ezenziwe ngurhulumente waseFransi kunye namashishini ukubeka phambili ukugcinwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokudala ikusasa eliluhlaza.
Inxalenye engeyiyo yokuhlala idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ukukhula kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza eFransi. Izakhiwo zorhwebo, ii-ofisi, kunye namaziko oluntu aya ngokwandayo esamkela iindlela zokwakha ezinobuhlobo ne-eco-friendly ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo Iziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo. Ezi zakhiwo zibandakanya Uyilo oluwonga amandla, sebenzisa izinto eco-friendly, kunye nokuphumeza imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yabo.
Ngaphaya koko, imfuno yezakhiwo eziluhlaza eFransi iqhutywa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, kukho ulwazi olukhulayo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezakhiwo, okukhokelela ekwandeni kwemfuno yezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo. Okwesibini, iinkampani ziyaziqonda iingenelo zemali zexesha elide ze izakhiwo ezonga umbane, njengokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukwaneliseka komqeshi. Okokugqibela, amalinge karhulumente kunye nemimiselo, efana nenkqubo ye-“Le Grenelle de l'Environnement”, ibonelele ngenkuthazo kunye nezikhokelo zolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo eziluhlaza, eziqhubela phambili ukukhula kwemarike.
Ngamafutshane, imakethi yezakhiwo eziluhlaza eFransi ifumana ukukhula okubonakalayo, ngakumbi kwicandelo elingahlaliyo. Ngamanqaku aphezulu eSalathiso sokuKhula kokuHlaza, iFransi ibonisa ukuzibophelela kwayo ekuzinzeni kokusingqongileyo kunye nokwamkelwa kweendlela zokwakha ezinobungani bendalo. Njengoko amashishini kunye nemibutho ibeka phambili ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye ukunciphisa carbon, imfuno yezakhiwo eziluhlaza iya kuqhubeka nokunyuka, igalelo kwikamva eliluhlaza nelizinzileyo.
isiphelo
Ukuzibophelela kweFransi kwimisebenzi yokwakha eluhlaza kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo luyibeka njengenkokeli yehlabathi ulwakhiwo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Inkqubo karhulumente “yeLe Grenelle de l’Environnement”, eyaqalwa ngo-2007, idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ezi nzame. Iingcebiso ezenziwe njengenxalenye yale nkqubo ziquka utyalo-mali lwe-€ 1 yebhiliyoni kumandla acocekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-20% ngo-2020. Ukongezelela, ukuphunyezwa kweerhafu eziluhlaza kuye kwakhuthaza ngakumbi ukwamkelwa kweendlela zokwakha i-eco-friendly.
Ukusetyenziswa kweelebhile zokwakha, ezifana ne-THPE 2005 kunye ne-THPE EnR 2005, sele ibaluleke kakhulu eFransi. Ezi lebhile zibonisa ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nemveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ebonisa ugxininiso lwelizwe ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuthaza. uyilo oluzinzileyo.
IFransi ikwakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobushushu belanga kwizakhiwo njengendlela yokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo. Ukuxhasa oku, urhulumente unikezela ngezibonelelo zokufakelwa kwezixhobo zokufudumeza ngelanga, okwenza ukuba zifikeleleke kwaye zifikeleleke kuzo zombini iipropati zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo. Izibonelelo zamandla elanga zininzi, kubandakanywa ukuncitshiswa kokuthembela kumafutha e-fossil, iindleko eziphantsi zamandla, kunye nokuncipha okukhulu kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Imarike yezakhiwo eziluhlaza eFransi ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye necandelo elingahlaliyo elikhokelayo. Isalathiso sokuKhula kokuHlaza eFransi ngo-2021 sasiyi-70.9, sigxininisa ukuzibophelela kwelizwe ekuzinzeni kokusingqongileyo kunye nomnqweno walo wokudala ikusasa eliluhlaza. Njengoko imfuno yezakhiwo ezinobungani bendalo iqhubeka nokukhula, iFransi ihleli iphambili kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ebonisa izinto ezintsha. uyilo kunye nezenzo zokwakha ezibeka phambili zombini impilo kwabantu kunye nokugcinwa kweplanethi.
FAQ
Ngawaphi amanyathelo athatyathwe yiFransi ukukhuthaza iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza?
IFransi yaseka inkqubo ye-"Le Grenelle de l'Environnement" kwi-2007, equka iingcebiso ezifana nokutyala i-€ 1 yezigidigidi kumandla acocekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-20% ngo-2020, kunye nokuphumeza iirhafu eziluhlaza.
Zeziphi iilebhile zokwakha ezisetyenziswa eFransi ukubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla?
Iileyibhile zokwakha eFransi ziquka i-THPE 2005 kunye ne-THPE EnR 2005, ebonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Ngaba iFransi ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kokufudumala kwelanga?
Ewe, iFransi ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kokufudumeza kwelanga kwaye inika izibonelelo zokufakelwa kwayo. Ukufudumala kwelanga yinkalo ebalulekileyo yezakhiwo eziluhlaza kwilizwe.
Leliphi icandelo elinegalelo elikhulu kwimarike yezakhiwo eziluhlaza eFransi?
Icandelo elingahlaliyo lelona galelo likhulu kwimakethi ekhulayo yezakhiwo eziluhlaza eFransi.
Yayiyintoni iSalathiso sokuKhula kokuHlaza eFransi ngo-2021?
Isalathisi sokuKhula kokuHlaza eFransi ngo-2021 sasiyi-70.9, ebonisa ukugxila ekuzinzeni kwendalo.
