I-Peru Biodiversity: Izilwanyana kunye neZityalo zeZilwanyana kunye nento ephantsi koMngcipheko
IPeru, ekuMzantsi Merika, lilizwe elaziwa ngokumangalisayo eziphilayo. Ukusuka kwindawo echumileyo Imvula yeAmazon kwingangamsha Uluhlu lweentaba zeAndes, Peru likhaya kuluhlu olubanzi Izityalo nezilwanyana leyo ithimba intelekelelo. Noko ke, ezi ntlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zityebileyo azinayo imingeni. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ezahlukeneyo zasePeru zendalo, i izilwanyana eziyingozi ababiza ikhaya, i iinzame zolondolozo eyenziwayo, kunye nezoyikiso ezibeka umngcipheko kwizinto eziphilayo zasePeru.
Ukuthatha okuQatha:
- I-Peru isikelelwe ngendalo eyahlukeneyo, kuquka Imvula yeAmazon kwaye i Uluhlu lweentaba zeAndes.
- Eli lizwe likhaya lezilwanyana nezityalo ezininzi ezisengozini yokuphela.
- IPeru iphumeze ezahlukeneyo nokugcinwa Iinzame zokukhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Izisongelo kwizinto eziphilayo zasePeru ziquka ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, imo iyatshintsha, kunye nemisebenzi yotsalo.
- Imizamo eqhubekayo iyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwezityebi zasePeru ilifa lemveli.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasePeru
I-Peru inoluhlu olungaqhelekanga lwe iyantlukwano yendalo, eneendawo ezili-11 ezahlukahlukeneyo zendalo kunye neendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingama-84 “zeendawo eziphila kuzo.” Eli lizwe lihle kakhulu liyindawo yokwenyani indalo abathandanayo kunye Zasendle abanomdla.
Ilizwe lasePeru lihlala kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezimangalisayo, malunga nama-2000 eentlobo zentlanzi, iindidi ezingama-460 zezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ezingama-695 zeentlobo zeentaka ezizalayo kunye nezityalo eziqikelelwa kuma-25,000 XNUMX. Izilwanyana kunye neentyatyambo zasePeru azinakuze zisilele ukubamba ingcamango ngobuhle bazo kunye nokungaqhelekanga.
Phakathi kobutyebi obuninzi obufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zasePeru, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo ezibonakala zisengozini yokuphela yaye zifuna ukukhuselwa ngokukhethekileyo. Olunye uhlobo olunjalo yiNkawu yaseAndean Titi, eyaziwa ngenkangeleko yayo emangalisayo kunye nokuziphatha kwentlalo. Ikati yeeNtabeni ze-Andean, isilwanyana esinqabileyo nesisemngciphekweni wokuphela, lolunye uhlobo lomfuziselo wasePeru. Ukongeza, i-Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey, enenkangeleko eyahlukileyo kunye nokuziphatha okunomdla, yenye yezona zilwanyana zisengozini yokuphela.
“Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasePeru zimangalisa ngokwenene, ngenxa yobuninzi bezityalo nezilwanyana.” Ukuzinikela kwelizwe ekulondolozeni eli lifa lendalo kuyancomeka.” - UkuLondolozwa kwezilwanyana Society
Kwimilambo emikhulu eselwandle Imvula yeAmazon kwiincopho ezimagqagala ze Uluhlu lweentaba zeAndes, iPeru iyindawo yokuhlala izityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi. Ukuphonononga imimangaliso yendalo yasePeru kunika ithuba lokuzibonela ngawakho umsebenzi ogqwesileyo wendalo nokufumana uxabiso olunzulu ngokwahlukana okumangalisayo kobomi kwisijikelezi-langa sethu.
Ii-Ecosystems ezahlukeneyo zasePeru
Ukuqonda ngokwenyani iyantlukwano yendalo yasePeru, kubalulekile ukuphonononga kwiinkqubo zayo ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Ummandla ngamnye we-ikholoji ubonisa iseti eyodwa yeemeko eziye zabumba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobomi ezifumaneka kuyo. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwezinye zezinto ezimangalisayo ze-ecosystem yasePeru:
| Ecosystems | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
| Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon | Uhlaza oluluhlaza, olunyakazela zizityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo. |
| Iintaba zeAndes | Udederhu lweentaba ezinkulu eziqhayisa ngeendawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka amathafa engca aphakamileyo namahlathi anamafu. |
| Unxweme lwePasifiki | Indawo eselunxwemeni etyebileyo ubomi baselwandle, apho i-Humboldt Current ebandayo idibana namanzi afudumeleyo e-Equatorial Current. |
| Iingca zePuna | I-ikhosistim yobude obuphezulu ephawulwa ngamathafa amakhulu anengca kunye neentlobo zezityalo ezizodwa eziqhelaniswe neemeko ezinzima. |
| Amahlathi Awomileyo neeNtlango | Imimandla engumqwebedu enezityalo ezikhethekileyo neentlobo zezilwanyana eziye zaqhelana nokuphila kwimeko engumqwebedu ecela umngeni. |
Ezi ndawo zahlukeneyo zendalo zibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zasendle ezingaqhelekanga zasePeru, nto leyo eyenza ibe lelinye lawona mazwe ahlukeneyo endalo eMhlabeni.
Iintlobo eziZodwa kunye neeRekhodi ezichukumisayo
IPeu likhaya kuluhlu olumangalisayo lwezilwanyana zasendle, eziqhayisa ngeentlobo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo kwaye ibambe iirekhodi ezintle ngokwendalo eyohlukeneyo. Ngeendlela zayo ezahlukeneyo zokuphilisana kwezidalwa, iPeru ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezityalo nezilwanyana.
Enye yezinto eziphunyeziweyo zasePeru kukuba nelona nani liphezulu leentlobo zeentlanzi kwihlabathi, nto leyo eyenza ibe yiparadesi yokwenyani kwabo bathanda izilwanyana zaselwandle. Imilambo namachibi amaninzi eli lizwe anika indawo yokuhlala echumileyo yeentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi, ngalinye lineempawu zalo ezikhethekileyo nokuziqhelanisa nokuqhelana nalo.
IPeru ikwabanga umahluko wokuba nenani lesithathu eliphezulu leentlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo emhlabeni. Ukususela kwijaguar ukuya kutsho kwibhere elibukekayo, iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zasePeru ziyamangalisa ngokwenene. Aba bemi abanoboya banokufunyanwa kuyo yonke indalo yasePeru eyahlukeneyo, kuquka ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon kunye nodederhu lweentaba zeAndes.
Ngaphaya koko, iPeru izingca ngenani lesithathu eliphezulu leentlobo zeentaka ezizalayo kwihlabathi jikelele. Imimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe kunye neemeko zemozulu ezivumayo zibonelela ngekhusi kwinkitha yeentlobo zeentaka. Ababukeli beentaka kunye nabathanda indalo bayathontelana ukuya ePeru bekhangela iintlobo ezinqabileyo ezifana ne-Andean cock-of-the-rock kunye ne-Andean condor enomdla.
I-Peru iyazingca ngezilwanyana zayo zesizwe ezikhethekileyo, ezibonisa ukuhlukahluka kwelizwe. I<em>vicuña, isilwanyana selizwe lasePeru, luhlobo oluhle, lwecamelid olwaziwayo ngoboya baso obuthambileyo nobuxabisekileyo. I<em>condor ebalaseleyo, enye isimboli yesizwe, inomtsalane ngamaphiko ayo anomtsalane kunye nomfuziselo ukubaluleka.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasePeru zidlulela ngaphaya kwezilwanyana. Ikwalikhaya lesona sityalo side kakhulu seentyatyambo emhlabeni, iPuya raimondii. Esi sityalo sikhulu sinokufikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuya kuma-40 kwaye singumbono wokujonga kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zasePeru.
Ukuzibophelela kwePeru ekugcineni iintlobo zayo ezizodwa kunye nokugcina iirekhodi ezichukumisayo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo bubonakala kwiinzame zelizwe zokulondoloza kunye nokugcinwa kwemekobume. Ngokuyikhusela Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo kunye nokwazisa malunga ne ukubaluleka yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, iPeru iqinisekisa ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo ziya kuqhubeka zimangaliswa yimimangaliso yezilwanyana zayo zasendle.
| irekhodi | Impumelelo yasePeru |
|---|---|
| Iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi | I-Peru inelona nani liphezulu leentlobo zeentlanzi kwihlabathi jikelele, inika indawo yokuphumla iyantlukwano elwandle abanomdla. |
| Inani lesithathu eliPhezulu leZilwanyana ezanyisayo | IPeru ngokuzingca ibonisa izilwanyana zasendle ezahlukahlukeneyo ezanyisayo, kuquka neentlobo zeempawu ezifana nejaguar kunye nebhere ebukekayo. |
| Inani Lesithathu-Phezulu leentlobo zeeNtaka Ezizalisayo | Ababukeli beentaka kunye nabathanda indalo bayathontelana ukuya ePeru ukuze bajonge iindidi ezininzi zeentaka, ezifana ne-Andean cock-of-the-rock kunye ne-Andean condor. |
IiNdawo eziKhuselweyo kunye neZigrogriso kwiZilwanyana zeNdalo
I-Peru izinikele ekulondolozeni i-biodiversity etyebileyo ngokusekwa kwe iindawo ezikhuselweyo. Okwangoku, kukho iindawo ezikhuselweyo ezingama-63 ePeru, ezigubungela i-17.9% yommandla welizwe. Le mimandla ikhuselweyo iquka iipaki zelizwe, iindawo zokugcina, iindawo zokugcina izilwanyana, neendawo zokuhlala izilwanyana zasendle, ezibonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwezi nzame zolondolozo, iPeru isajongene nemingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo. Esinye sezona zisongelo ziphambili kukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, okuqhutywa yimisebenzi enjengokugawulwa kwemithi, ukugrumba ioli, imigodi nokwandiswa komhlaba wokulima. Umlinganiselo wokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ePeru uyothusa, yaye imimandla emikhulu yamahlathi igawulwa minyaka le.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ePeru ineziphumo ezibi kwindalo eyodwa yelizwe. Ikhokelela kwi ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala, iphazamisa ukulungelelana okucekethekileyo kwezityalo nezilwanyana. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kukwanegalelo ekutshintsheni kwemozulu, njengoko imithi dlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni umjikelo wekhabhoni. Ngaphaya koko, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuchaphazela uluntu lwasekuhlaleni oluxhomekeke emahlathini ukuze lukhule iindlela zokuphila.
Esinye isisongelo esibalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo ePeru kukutshiza ngemichiza esetyenziselwa ukuphelisa isityalo se-coca. Lo mkhuba, nangona ujolise ekulweni ukuveliswa kweziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni, uneziphumo ezibi ebezingalindelekanga. Ukutshiza ngemichiza akugcini nje ngokutshabalalisa izityalo ze-coca kodwa kuchaphazela nezityalo ezizingqongileyo, kungcolisa imithombo yamanzi, yaye kwenzakalise nezilwanyana zasendle.
Ezona zoyikiso intaba kunye nehlathi i-ecosystems ePeru iquka ukutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kunye nemisebenzi yotsalo. Ezi zinto zenza imingeni ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasePeru ezikhethekileyo nezixabisekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuba iPeru ijongane nezi zoyikiso kwaye iphumeze ezizinzileyo izenzo zokukhusela intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo. Iinzame zolondolozo kufuneka zigxininise ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ngenkathalo, ukwamkela iindlela zokulima ezizinzileyo, nokuxhasa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwezinye iindlela zokuphila.
Amanyathelo oLondolozo kunye namaThuba okuVolontiya
I-Peru ithatha inxaxheba kwizinto ezahlukeneyo amalinge olondolozo ukukhusela nokulondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezixabisekileyo. La manyathelo aquka uphando, izicwangciso zolawulo, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinzame zolondolozo. Ukongeza, iPeru ibonelela ngokukhethekileyo amathuba okuzithandela kubantu abanomdla kwi indawo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.
Iinkqubo zamavolontiya ePeru zenzelwe ukubonelela ngamava ngamava kunye negalelo ngqo kuphando kunye neeprojekthi zolondolozo. Abathathi-nxaxheba banethuba lokusebenza kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo ezifana nolondolozo lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo, kwemvume izenzo, izifundo zeprimate, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto zakudala. Ezi nkqubo aziboneleli kuphela ngamava awodwa kunye nokuntywila kodwa zikwadala ixesha elide mpe mbelelo kwi-ecosystem exabisekileyo yasePeru.
Ngokuthelela inkqubo yamatsha-ntliziyo, abantu ngabanye bafak’ isandla kwiinzame zolondolozo ngokuncedisa ekuqokeleleni iinkcukacha, ngokwenza uphando, ngokubeka iliso kwizinto eziphilayo ezisengozini yokuphela, nokuyiphumeza. izenzo ezizinzileyo. Amavolontiya adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo zasePeru nokwazisa ihlabathi lonke ngokubaluleka kolondolozo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neNdlela yoLawulo
URhulumente wasePeru uphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukahlukeneyo ukuzalisekisa izibophelelo zakhe zokukhusela nokusebenzisa ngokuzinzileyo izinto eziphilayo zelizwe. Le migaqo-nkqubo isebenza njengemephu yendlela Ulondolozo lwendalo kwaye ilawule amanyathelo athathiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwenkqubo eyodwa yendalo yasePeru.
Enye yeendlela eziphambili zomgaqo-nkqubo kuku IQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sichaza iinjongo kunye neenjongo zolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwaye sibonelela ngesikhokelo ukuqaliswa of amanyathelo olondolozo. Igxininisa ukubaluleka kwe Uphuhliso oluphathekayo kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yecandelo kunye neenkqubo zocwangciso.
Ukuxhasa iQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa okusebenzayo, i Umthetho woLondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuZinzileyo kweBiological Diversity yasekwa. Lo mthetho ubonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo esemthethweni yokhuseleko lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwaye ulawula imisebenzi enokuba nefuthe kwi-ikhosistim yelizwe. Ibeka imigangatho yokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kwemithombo yebhayoloji, ikhuthaza uphando kunye nokubeka iliso kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iseka iindlela zokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu kwiinkqubo zokuthatha izigqibo.
Ukudalwa kwe iindawo ezikhuselweyo ngomnye umba obalulekileyo wolawulo lwasePeru kulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Iindawo ezikhuselweyo zisebenza njengendawo yokuzimela izilwanyana ezisengozini kwaye zibonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala eziyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe iyantlukwano yendalo. Ezi ndawo zilawulwa yiNkonzo yeeNdawo eziKhuselweyo zeSizwe (i-SERNANP) ngokusebenzisana noorhulumente basekhaya kunye namaqumrhu abucala.
“Ukuzinikela kwethu ekukhuseleni intlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zasePeru kubonakala kwimigaqo-nkqubo yethu ebanzi kunye nendlela yolawulo. Ngokusebenzisa iSicwangciso seSizwe seZityalo-ntlobo zeNdalo, simisela uMthetho woLondolozo noSetyenziso oluZinzileyo lweZityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, nokuseka iindawo ezikhuselweyo, sithabatha amanyathelo aqinisekileyo okukhusela ilifa lethu lendalo ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.”
UMphathiswa wezeNdalo udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela yolawulo lwasePeru ngokuphumeza izicwangciso zolondolozo kunye neeprojekthi kwizilwanyana ezisesichengeni. La manyathelo agxininisa ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukubuyiswa kweentlobo, kunye nokubeka iliso kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokubeka phambili le migudu, iPeru ijolise ekukhuseleni iintlobo ezisengozini yokuphela kunye nokuqinisekisa ixesha elide nokuzinza yendalo yayo.
Ukuqonda ngcono impembelelo yale migaqo-nkqubo kunye nemilinganiselo yolawulo, sinokuhlola inkqubela eyenziweyo kunye nemingeni eseleyo kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ePeru. Nceda ujonge kwiCandelo lesi-7 ukuze ufumane uhlalutyo olunzulu lwempumelelo ezuziweyo kunye nemiqobo eseleyo.
| Imigaqo-nkqubo engundoqo | Ezona mpawu |
|---|---|
| IQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo | Ikhokela iinzame zolondolozo kwaye ikhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo |
| Umthetho woLondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuZinzileyo kweBiological Diversity | Ibonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo yomthetho ukhuseleko lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwaye ulawula imisebenzi echaphazela i-ikhosistim |
| Ukudalwa kweeNdawo eziKhuselweyo | Useka iindawo ezikhuselweyo ezilawulwa yi-SERNANP ukuze kugcinwe izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo |
Impumelelo kunye neMingeni eNgqongileyo
IPeru yenze inkqubela ebonakalayo ekuphuculeni ulwazi malunga neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokwandisa ukugqunywa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo. Imizamo yeli lizwe yolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo iye yanemiphumo emihle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuqondwe ngakumbi izinto eziphilayo zasePeru ezikhethekileyo kunye neentlobo ezihlala kuzo. Ulwazi olongezelelekileyo luye lwavumela iinzame zolondolozo ekujoliswe kuzo kunye nokuchongwa kweendawo eziphambili zezinto eziphilayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kusekho imingeni ekusafuneka iqwalaselwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwexesha elide lwezityalo nezilwanyana zasePeru. Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kukukhuselwa okulinganiselweyo kweendawo ezikhuselweyo, okushiya i-ikhosistim esemngciphekweni kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana zingakhuselekanga. Kubalulekile ukwandisa ukugubungela iindawo ezikhuselweyo ukuquka uluhlu olubanzi lweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwenani elikhulu leentlobo zezilwanyana.
Enye indawo efuna ingqwalasela yimimandla eselunxwemeni naselwandle. Le mimandla ityebile kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kodwa isoloko iphantsi kwezenzo eziyingozi zoluntu ezinjengokuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ngco liseko, nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo kule mimandla kubalulekile ukukhusela indalo yaselwandle kunye neentlobo ezixhomekeke kuzo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyaqhubeka kungumba ocinezelayo ePeru, eqhutywa yimisebenzi efana nokugawulwa kwemithi, ezolimo, kunye uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo. Iinzame kufuneka ziqiniswe ukunciphisa amazinga okutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okuzinzileyo izenzo. Ukugcina iintlobo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zemfuza nazo kubalulekile ukugcina i-ikhosistim esempilweni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukomelela kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasePeru xa kujongwa utshintsho kwimo engqongileyo.
Lilonke, iPeru yenze inkqubela ephawulekayo kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa kusekho umsebenzi omele wenziwe. Iinzame eziqhubekayo ziyafuneka ukuze kwandiswe iindawo ezikhuselweyo, kukhuselwe indalo esesichengeni, kulungiswe ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokujongana nale mingeni, iPeru ingaqhubela phambili iinzame zayo zolondolozo kwaye ikhusele ilifa layo lendalo elixabisekileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Iinjongo namabhongo oLondolozo lweZityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo
IPeru izibekele usukelo olunamabhongo lolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Ngowama-2030, ilizwe lijolise ekubuyiseleni iyantlukwano yebhayoloji ngokuphucula ulondolozo, ukunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo. Urhulumente uceba ukwandisa ubungakanani beendawo ezikhuselweyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni naselwandle. Kukwakho nombono wokwenza iNkqubo yeSizwe yeeNdawo eziKhuselweyo zikwazi ukuzinza ngokwasezimalini ngokusekelwe kwingeniso efunyenwe kwiimpahla neenkonzo zokusingqongileyo.
IPeru izibophelele ekukhuseleni i-ikhosistim yayo eyodwa kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziyibiza likhaya. Ilizwe liyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokulondoloza ilifa lalo lendalo ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo kwaye lijonge ukuthatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo ekuphumezeni iinjongo zalo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo.
Ukufezekisa le minqweno, iPeru iya kugxila kwiindawo ezininzi eziphambili:
- Ukwandisa iindawo ezikhuselweyo: I-Peru ijolise ekunyuseni ukugubungela iindawo ezikhuselweyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni naselwandle. Ngokumisela imimandla emininzi njengekhuselweyo, ilizwe linokukhusela iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo kwaye likhuthaze ukulondolozwa kwezidalwa ezisengozini yokuphela.
- Ukuphucula iinzame zolondolozo: I-Peru ifuna ukomeleza amaqhinga ayo olondolozo kunye nezenzo zokulondoloza ngokufanelekileyo intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Oku kuquka ukuphumeza ngokuzinzileyo ulawulo lomhlaba ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwe Uvimba wendalo, kunye nokujongana nezoyikiso zokusingqongileyo.
- Ukunciphisa umngcipheko: Ukuqaphela ukuba sesichengeni se-ecosystems ekutshintsheni kwemozulu kunye nemisebenzi yabantu, iPeru ijolise ekuqiniseni amanyathelo okunciphisa le mingcipheko. Ngokuphumeza ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu amaqhinga kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, ilizwe lifuna ukomeleza ukomelela kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo: iPeru ijonge ukulingana phakathi kolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ilizwe lijonge ukuphonononga amathuba okusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kwempahla kunye neenkonzo zokusingqongileyo, ukuvelisa ingeniso enokuxhasa inkxaso-mali yemizamo yolondolozo.
Ngokumisela ezi njongo kunye namabhongo, iPeru ibonisa ukuzinikela kwayo ekukhuseleni ilifa lendalo kunye nokukhuthaza ulondolozo lwendalo ephilayo ezinzileyo. Ngemizamo yentsebenziswano kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo, iPeru ijolise ekukhokeleni indlela yolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, esebenza njengomzekelo kwezinye izizwe kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ukuphunyezwa kwe-NBSAP ePeru
I-Peru ithathe amanyathelo abalulekileyo okukhusela kunye nokugcina i-biodiversity etyebileyo ngokuphunyezwa kwe IQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza (NBSAP).
I-NBSAP igxile kwiinjongo zobuchule eziliqela, eziquka:
- Ubume beBiodiversity: Ukuvavanya kunye nokubeka esweni imeko yangoku yezityalo nezilwanyana ePeru ukwazisa iinzame zolondolozo.
- Uphuhliso lweSizwe: Ukudibanisa ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwizicwangciso zophuhliso lwesizwe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo.
- Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo: Ukuphumeza amanyathelo okunciphisa iingcinezelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezoyikiso ezijongene nezityalo nezilwanyana zasePeru, ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala.
- Ukomelezwa kwesakhono: Ukwakha amandla emibutho karhulumente kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulondoloza i-biodiversity.
- Ukuphuculwa kolwazi: Ukuphucula uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nolwazi kwindalo yasePeru, kuquka ukuchongwa kweentlobo eziphambili kunye ne-ecosystem.
- Inkuthazo yeNtsebenziswano: Ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa namaqumrhu karhulumente, zomthonyama uluntu, kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuphumeza iinjongo zolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana.
I-NBSAP ikwabandakanya iithagethi zesizwe, izenzo, kunye noxanduva olunikezelwe kumaqumrhu ahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa indlela elungelelanisiweyo nebanzi yolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ePeru.
Ngokusebenzisa i-NBSAP, iPeru ijolise ekukhuseleni ilifa lendalo, ukukhusela iintlobo ezisengozini, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo oluhambelana neendawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo.
| Iinjongo eziphambili | izenzo | uxanduva |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuvavanya ubume bezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo | Ukuqhuba uphando lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso | Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezendalo |
| Ukudibanisa izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kuphuhliso lwesizwe | Dibanisa ingqwalaselo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo nezicwangciso zelizwe | UMphathiswa wezoQoqosho nezeMali |
| Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo | Ukuphumeza iindlela zolawulo lomhlaba nobutyebi obuzinzileyo | Oorhulumente bemimandla |
| Ukomeleza amandla olondolozo | Ukubonelela uqeqesho kunye nenkxaso kwiinzame zolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo | Mphathiswa weMfundo |
| Ukuphucula ulwazi lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo | Ukuxhasa ngezimali iiprojekthi zophando nokuseka ugcino-lwazi lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo | Amaziko oPhando eSizwe |
| Ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano | Ukuququzelela intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo | IBhunga leSizwe lokusiNgqongileyo |
IiNdawo eziKhuselweyo kunye neenzame zoLondolozo
IPeru yenze iinzame ezibalulekileyo zokuseka nokulawula iindawo ezikhuselweyo. Ilizwe ngoku lineendawo ezikhuselweyo ezingama-75 ezithatha i-17.9% yenxalenye yomhlaba. INkonzo yeSizwe eKhuselweyo (i-SERNANP) ilawula le mimandla ekhuselweyo, kwaye iindawo ezongezelelweyo zikhuselwe ngoorhulumente basekhaya kunye namaqumrhu abucala. Iinzame zolondolozo ePeru kubandakanya uluhlu lwemisebenzi ejolise ekulondolozeni nasekukhuseleni ubutyebi bezityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo zelizwe. Ezi nzame ziquka uphando ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana ezisengozini, kunye nokusekwa kweendawo zokulondoloza indalo eziphilayo.
Uphando lweBiodiversity ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni i-ikhosistim entsonkothileyo kwimimandla ekhuselweyo kunye nokubeka esweni impilo kunye nokutshintsha kwabemi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokufunda iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zale mimandla, abaphandi banokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-ikholoji kwaye baphuhlise amaqhinga olondolozo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukukhuselwa kweentlobo ezisengozini yeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo iinzame zolondolozo ePeru. Iintlobo ezisemngciphekweni ezifana ne-Andean Titi Monkey, i-Andean Mountain Cat, kunye ne-Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey zinikwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwazo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuchacha kwazo. Amanyathelo olondolozo abandakanya ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, amanyathelo okulwa nokuzingela, kunye ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali ukunciphisa iingxabano phakathi kwabantu nezilwanyana zasendle.
Omnye umba obalulekileyo kwiinzame zolondolozo lwasePeru kukusekwa kogcino lwebhayosphere. Aba vimba basebenza njengemizekelo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukudibanisa ulondolozo lwendalo kunye nentlalo-qoqosho. impilo yoluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Oovimba beBiosphere badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ezendalo, ezolimo ezizinzileyo, kunye ne-eco-tourism, ukubonelela ngenkuthazo yezoqoqosho kubantu basekuhlaleni ukuba babandakanyeke kwimisebenzi yolondolozo.
Indibaniselwano yeendawo ezikhuselweyo, uphando ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, ukhuseleko lweentlobo, kunye nokusekwa kogcino lwebhayosphere kwenza indlela ebanzi yolondolozo ePeru. Ezi nzame azincedi nje kuphela ukugcina iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zelizwe kodwa zikwanegalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo loluntu lwasekuhlaleni nokwazisa ngokubaluleka ulondolozo lwendalo.
IiNdlela zokuBeka iliso kunye noPhononongo lokuPhunyezwa
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphunyezwa okusebenzayo kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo zolondolozo ezichazwe kwiSicwangciso seSizwe se-Peru ye-Biodiversity Strategy, inkqubo ebanzi yokubeka iliso kunye nokuphonononga ukuphunyezwa ibalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, iPeru ayinayo inkqubo enjalo. Urhulumente usebenza ngenkuthalo ekuphuhliseni indlela eyomeleleyo yokubeka iliso kunye nokuphonononga ukulandelela inkqubela nokuchonga nayiphi na imingeni enokuthi ivele.
Ukubeka iliso kwizinto eziphilayo ePeru ibalulekile ekuvavanyeni impumelelo yeenzame zolondolozo. Ngokuhlola rhoqo imeko yezinto eziphilayo kunye nempembelelo yamanyathelo ahlukeneyo, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nabalondolozi banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye basebenzise uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko kwizicwangciso zokulondoloza. Ukubeka iliso kuvumela ukuchongwa kweendlela, izoyikiso, kunye namabali okuphumelela, okwenza abachaphazelekayo bagxile kwizibonelelo kunye neenzame apho zifuneka kakhulu.
Ukongezelela, ukuphonononga ukuphunyezwa ePeru ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izenzo ezichazwe kwiSicwangciso seSizwe seZilwanyana zeNdalo ziqhutywa ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo. Le nkqubo yohlaziyo ivumela abachaphazelekayo ukuba bahlole inkqubela eyenziweyo ekuphumezeni iinjongo zolondolozo kwaye bachonge naziphi na izikhewu okanye iindawo ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi. Ngokuphonononga ngokucokisekileyo ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso, iPeru inokuphucula iindlela zayo, ijongane nemingeni, kwaye yandise imizamo yayo yolondolozo.
Ukuseka inkqubo ebanzi yokubeka iliso kunye nokuphonononga ukuphunyezwa kuya kunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ekusebenzeni kwamanyathelo olondolozo lwasePeru. Iya kuvumela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezisekelwe kubungqina, ukuququzelela ulawulo olulungelelanisiweyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo ulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo amacebo.
| Iinzuzo zokuBeka iliso kunye noPhononongo lokuPhunyezwa |
|---|
| Uvavanyo lwenkqubela phambili yolondolozo |
| Ukuchongwa kwemingeni kunye neendawo zokuphucula |
| Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezisekelwe kubungqina |
| Ukuphucula iinzame zolondolozo |
isiphelo
Izinto eziphilayo zasePeru ezimangalisayo zibubungqina belifa lemveli elikhethekileyo lelizwe. Ekubeni kukho iindidi ngeendidi zezinto eziphilayo ezisusela kumahlathi ashinyeneyo aseAmazon ukuya kutsho kwiintaba ezinkulu zeAndes, iPeru ilikhaya lezityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi ezingafumanekiyo kwenye indawo ehlabathini. Ukukhusela nokulondoloza obu butyebi bezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, iPeru iphumeze iSicwangciso seSizwe seZityalo-ntlobo zeNdalo, yaseka imimandla ekhuselweyo, yaza yenza amalinge awohlukeneyo olondolozo.
Phezu kwayo nje le migudu, ucelomngeni lusaqhubeka ekukhuseleni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasePeru. Izoyikiso ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, imisebenzi yokuvelisa, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ziyaqhubeka zibeka emngciphekweni inkqubo yendalo ebuthathaka kunye iintlobo ezinqabileyo. Ukoyisa le mingeni, iinzame eziqhubekayo kunye nentsebenziswano zibalulekile. Ngokudibanisa amandla ukujongana nezi zoyikiso kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo, sinokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwexesha elide lobuncwane bendalo basePeru.
Ngamafutshane, ukuzinikela kwePeru kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kubonakala kwizicwangciso zayo zobuchule, iindawo ezikhuselweyo, kunye namanyathelo olondolozo. Noko ke, umsebenzi usekude ukuba uphele. Ukuzinikela okuqhubekayo kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabantu, uluntu, kunye nemibutho kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iinjongo zeSicwangciso seSizwe soBuchule bezinto eziphilayo kunye nokukhusela ikamva leecosystems ezityebileyo zasePeru kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
FAQ
Zinjani izinto eziphilayo zasePeru?
IPeru yaziwa ngokwahlukana okumangalisayo kwezityalo nezilwanyana. Likhaya lemimandla yendalo eli-11 kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingama-84 “zeendawo zokuphila.” Eli lizwe liqhayisa malunga neentlobo zentlanzi ezingama-2000, iintlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezingama-460, iintlobo zeentaka ezizalayo ezingama-695, kunye neentlobo zezityalo eziqikelelwa kuma-25,000.
Ziziphi ezinye zezinto ezisengozini yokuphela ePeru?
ezinye iintlobo ezisengozini ePeru ziquka iAndean Titi Monkey, iAndean Mountain Cat, kunye neYellow-tailed Woolly Monkey.
Ziziphi izisongelo ezijamelene neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ePeru?
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ePeru zijamelene nezisongelo ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi, ukugrunjwa kweoli, imigodi, nokwandiswa komhlaba wokulima. Ukutshiza ngemichiza yokuphelisa isityalo se-coca nako kunegalelo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Ukutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kunye nemisebenzi yokwebiwa kwezinto zezona zinto zisongela intaba nehlathi i-ecosystems ePeru.
Ngaba zikhona iindawo ezikhuselweyo ePeru?
Ewe, iPeru ineendawo ezikhuselweyo ezingama-63 ezigubungela i-17.9% yommandla welizwe. Le mimandla ikhuselweyo iquka iipaki zelizwe, iindawo zokugcina, iindawo zokulondoloza izilwanyana, neendawo zokuhlala izilwanyana.
Ngaba akhona amanyathelo olondolozo ePeru?
Ewe, amalinge olondolozo ayenzeka ePeru ukuze kukhuselwe kwaye kugcinwe iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. La manyathelo ajolise kuphando, izicwangciso zokulawula kunye nemfundo. Iinkqubo zamavolontiya ePeru zibonelela ngamathuba okusebenza kwiiprojekthi ezithile zolondolozo, ezifana nezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ipermaculture, iiprimates, kunye ne-archaeology.
Yeyiphi imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nendlela yolawulo enayo iPeru malunga neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo?
URhulumente wasePeru uphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo, kuquka iSicwangciso seSizwe soBuchule bezinto eziphilayo, uMthetho woLondolozo kunye noSetyenziso oluZinzileyo lweNdalo yeBiological, kunye nokudalwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo. UMphathiswa wezeNdalo ukwabandakanyeka ekuphumezeni izicwangciso zolondolozo kunye neeprojekthi zezilwanyana ezisengozini.
Yeyiphi inkqubela eyenziwe yiPeru kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo?
IPeru yenze inkqubela ebonakalayo ekuphuculeni ulwazi malunga neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokwandisa ukugqunywa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, imiceli mngeni isekhona, njengokukhuselwa okulinganiselweyo kweendawo ezikhuselweyo, imfuneko yokhuseleko oluthe kratya kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni naselwandle, kunye nezoyikiso eziqhubekayo ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye. ulondolozo lweentlobo.
Zithini iinjongo zePeru ngolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo?
Ngo-2030, iPeru ijolise ekubuyiseleni iyantlukwano yebhayoloji ngokuphucula ulondolozo, ukunciphisa ubuthathaka, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo. Urhulumente uceba ukwandisa ubungakanani bemimandla ekhuselweyo, ingakumbi kwimimandla eselunxwemeni naselwandle, kwaye enze iNkqubo yeSizwe yeeNdawo eziKhuselweyo ikwazi ukuzinza ngokwasezimalini.
Yintoni iSicwangciso seSizwe seBiodiversity kunye neSicwangciso sokuSebenza (NBSAP) ePeru?
The IQhinga leSizwe leZilwanyana zeNdalo kunye nesiCwangciso sokuSebenza (NBSAP) ePeru sisicwangciso esibanzi sokukhusela kunye nokugcina izinto eziphilayo zelizwe. Igxininisa kwiinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo ezinxulumene nemeko yezinto eziphilayo, uphuhliso lwesizwe, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukomeleza amandla, ukuphucula ulwazi, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano.
Ilawulwa njani imimandla ekhuselweyo ePeru?
Iindawo ezikhuselweyo ePeru zilawulwa yiNkonzo yeeNdawo eziKhuselweyo zeSizwe (SERNANP). Imimandla eyongezelelweyo ilawulwa ngoorhulumente basekhaya kunye namaqumrhu abucala. Iinzame zolondolozo ziquka uphando ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana ezisengozini, kunye nokusekwa kweendawo zolondolozo lwendalo.
Ngaba kukho inkqubo yokubeka iliso yokuphunyezwa kwezinto eziphilayo ePeru?
Okwangoku, iPeru ayinayo inkqubo ebanzi yokubeka iliso kunye nokuphonononga ukuphunyezwa kweSicwangciso seSizwe seZilwanyana zeNdalo. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente usebenzela ukuphuhlisa inkqubo enjalo ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa okusebenzayo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenjongo zolondolozo.
Yintoni ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo zasePeru?
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zasePeru zibaluleke kakhulu njengoko zinegalelo kwimpilo yonke ye-ikhosistim kwaye ibonelela ngezixhobo ezixabisekileyo kwintlalo-ntle yabantu. Kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi yendalo, ukuxhasa ukhenketho, kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala kwiintlobo ezizodwa nezisengozini yokuphela. Ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo ePeru kubalulekile kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kweendawo zokuhlala zendalo kunye neentlobo.
