Ukucinga kwakhona ngeNdawo zoLuntu: Uyilo lweDolophu lwaBantu, hayi iiMoto

Iindawo zasezidolophini ngokwesiko bezibeke phambili iimoto, zibumba izixeko ngeendlela ezihlala zingahoywa ngeemfuno zabahambi ngeenyawo. Nangona kunjalo, ucwangciso lwesixeko ngoku lutshintshela kumbono obeka abantu embindini woyilo lwedolophu. Le ndlela ijolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi, ukukhuthaza uzinzo, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yoluntu ngokubanzi. Lo mbono ubeka phambili ukuhamba, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke ngaphezulu kokusetyenziswa kwemoto yabucala, ukunciphisa ingxinano yezithuthi kunye nongcoliseko ngelixa ikhuthaza indlela yokuphila esempilweni.¹. Ngokudibanisa iindawo eziluhlaza, iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zabahambi ngeenyawo, kunye nokufikeleleka kwezothutho zikawonke-wonke, le ndlela iphakathi kwabantu idala imeko-bume yedolophu ezinzileyo ezuzisa uluntu lonke.

• Izixeko ziyila ngokutsha iindawo zoluntu ukuze zibeke phambili abahambi ngeenyawo nabakhweli beebhayisikile ngaphezu kosetyenziso lweemoto zabucala.
• Ukuguqula imimandla yasezidolophini ukuba igxile ebantwini kunokuphucula intsebenziswano yoluntu kunye nomgangatho wobomi.
• Ukubandakanya iindawo eziluhlaza kunye neendlela zokuthutha ezizinzileyo zifaka isandla kwindawo ephilileyo, ephilileyo.
• Amaqhinga afana neentlawulo zengxinano kunye neenkqubo zokwabelana ngemoto zinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuhamba kwezithuthi zabucala ezidolophini¹.
• Uyilo oluqukayo lwedolophu luqinisekisa ukufikeleleka komntu wonke, kubandakanywa abasebenzisi bezitulo ezinamavili kunye nabantu abadala.

Uyilo lwedolophu luqeqesho olunamacandelo amaninzi oludibanisa iindlela zokwakha, ukucwangcisa, kunye nokwakheka komhlaba ukudala izixeko ezihlalayo, ezizinzileyo kunye nezibandakanya uluntu kunye noluntu.². Ngumba obalulekileyo wokucwangciswa kwedolophu ogqitha ngaphaya kwemekobume yasezidolophini eqhelekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zoyilo lwasezidolophini zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwimimandla yasezidolophini nasezilalini ngokunjalo.².

Embindini wayo, uyilo lwedolophu lumalunga nendlela abantu ababona ngayo kwaye basebenzise indawo ebangqongileyo, kugxilwe kwinkangeleko, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuphila koluntu.². Ibandakanya inkqubo ecacileyo, yokuthatha izigqibo zikawonke-wonke evumela uthethathethwano noluntu olunentsingiselo kunye nentatho-nxaxheba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zengingqi kunye neempembelelo zengingqi ngokubanzi zithathelwa ingqalelo.². Uyilo lwedolophu ludibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye nezindlu, ukujongana nemingeni enzima yokucwangcisa idolophu.².

Iiprojekthi zoyilo lwedolophu eziyimpumelelo zibeka phambili iimfuno kunye namava abantu, zidala iindawo ezifikelelekayo, ezifikelelekayo, nezilungele ukubandakanyeka koluntu kunye nonxibelelwano lwentlalo.². Abaqulunqi basezidolophini kufuneka baqonde imbono yabantu, ukuziphatha kwenkcubeko, iimeko zoqoqosho, kunye nemisebenzi esebenzayo enxulumene nokusingqongileyo ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezisebenzayo.². Ngokubeka phambili abantu ngaphezulu kweemoto, uyilo lwasedolophini lunokuguqula izixeko zibe ziindawo ezonwabileyo nezizinzileyo kubahlali kunye neendwendwe ngokufanayo.

Abaqulunqi basezidolophini banokusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiindawo zokuhlala ukuya kwiindawo zoshishino, izikhululo zikaloliwe, kunye neendawo zoluntu, zijolise ekuyileni abantu kwinqanaba lomntu.³. Ukubandakanya umyili wedolophu ekuqaleni koyilo okanye inkqubo yokuvuselela kunokonga ixesha kunye nemali kamva, ukwanelisa abachaphazelekayo abaninzi ngokujongana nemiba ephambili yoyilo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izimvo zoluntu ziyaqondwa.³.

Uyilo oluhle lwedolophu lufunyaniswe ukuba longeza ixabiso lezoqoqosho ngezinto ezifana nembuyekezo ephezulu kutyalo-mali, ukwenza iindawo zibe nomtsalane, ukusabela kwimfuno yabahlali, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukufaka igalelo kubasebenzi abanemveliso, ukuxhasa uphuhliso oluxubeneyo, kunye nokuphakamisa udumo lweendawo.³.

Uyilo lwedolophu kurhulumente wasekhaya lubandakanya amagosa oyilo lwedolophu asebenza ngentsebenziswano kuwo onke amasebe ukuqonda imiqobo kunye neemfuno zemimandla, ebandakanya abachaphazelekayo ngemisitho nokusebenzisa amaxwebhu omgaqo-nkqubo ukuxhasa ulawulo lophuhliso.³. UCwangciso lwePhepha leNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo lowama-2020 lwexesha elizayo lubonisa ukuba izakhono zoyilo lwasezidolophini kunye nobuchule buya kuba sembindini wokuqulunqa iziCwangciso zeNdawo ezitsha ngogxininiso olukhulu ekuyileni iindawo ngobuchule kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhowudi zoyilo ukuchaza oko kwamkelekileyo kuphuhliso.³.

Iindawo zoluntu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni koqhagamshelo loluntu nasekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Ezi ndawo ekwabelwana ngazo, ukusuka kwiipaki kunye neeplaza ukuya kwizitalato zabahambi ngeenyawo namaziko oluntu, zibonelela ngamathuba onxibelelwano loluntu, imisebenzi yenkcubeko, kunye nolonwabo.⁴. Ngokubeka phambili ukudalwa kunye nokugcinwa kweendawo zoluntu eziyilwe kakuhle, izixeko zinokukhuthaza uvakalelo olukhulu loluntu kunye nokuba phakathi kwabahlali bazo.

Iindawo zikawonke-wonke zisebenza njengendawo yokuhlanganisana yamaqela ahlukeneyo abantu, ukuququzelela intsebenziswano yoluntu kunye nokukhuthaza uvakalelo loluntu.⁴. Uphando luka-2002 olwenziwe yi-PPS (iProjekthi yeeNdawo zoLuntu) yafumanisa ukuba i-60% yabathengi beemarike batyelela iivenkile ezikufutshane kwangolo suku lunye, kunye ne-60% yabo bathi batyelela kuphela ezo venkile zongezelelweyo ngeentsuku zentengiso.⁴. Ngokukwanjalo, iminyhadala kunye neminyhadala ebanjelwa kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, njengamakhulu amawaka azimase iminyhadala e-Place des Arts Esplanade eMontreal minyaka le.⁴, ukuhlanganisa abantu kunye nokudala amathuba okuba ngamava ekwabelwana ngawo kunye nokwakhiwa koluntu.

Iindawo zoluntu eziyilwe kakuhle zinokuba negalelo kubulunga bobomi bubonke kubahlali. Umzekelo, iVancouver Seawall, ibonelela abahlali kunye neendwendwe ngendlela ebukekayo yokuhamba, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, kunye nokubaleka, ukuphucula impilo yabo yomzimba nengqondo.⁴. Ngokukwanjalo, iVondel Park eAmsterdam yaziwa ngokukwazi kwayo ukwenza lula umsebenzi womzimba, ukuphumla kwengqondo, kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu, ephucula ukuphila kunye nempilo yabasebenzisi bayo.⁴. Ngaphezu koko, iipaki ezigcinwe kakuhle, iiplaza, neendawo ezisecaleni kwamanzi zinokunyusa amaxabiso ezindlu zize zitsale umdla wotyalo-mali, nto leyo ekhokelela kwirenti ephezulu namaxabiso ezindlu anegalelo kwimpilo yezoqoqosho yesixeko.⁴.

Ngokubeka phambili i Ukuphuculwa koBurhulumente kunye nokuphumeza ngempumelelo Izicwangciso zokwenziwa kwendawo, abacwangcisi basezidolophini kunye nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo banokudala iindawo zoluntu eziphilileyo, ezibandakanyayo nezizinzileyo eziphucula uxhulumaniso loluntu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kubo bonke abahlali.

“Iindawo zikawonke-wonke yintliziyo kunye nomphefumlo woluntu lwethu, apho abantu badibana khona ukuze banxibelelane, bazibandakanye, kwaye baphumelele. Ngokubeka phambili uyilo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo, sinokwenza iindawo zokuhlala eziphilileyo, ezibandakanyayo nezizinzileyo ezidolophini eziphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu bonke. "

Izisombululo zokuhamba ezizinzileyo kuyilo lwasezidolophini beka phambili iimfuno zabahambi ngeenyawo nabakhweli beebhayisikile, ukudala iindawo zoluntu ezikhuselekileyo nezifikelelekayo ezikhuthaza uthutho olusebenzayo. Ngokuyila iindlela zokuhamba kunye neziseko eziluncedo zomjikelo, izixeko zinokunciphisa ukuxinana kwezithuthi, ziphucule umgangatho womoya, kwaye zikhuthaze uluntu oludlamkileyo noluqhagamshelweyo.⁶.

Ukuyila iindlela zokuhamba ezikhuselekileyo nezifikelelekayo ngumba obalulekileyo wocwangciso lwedolophu olugxile ebantwini. Oku kubandakanya imilinganiselo efana nokwandisa iipavumente, ukuphucula iindlela zebhasi, kunye nokuphumeza iibhodi zabahambi ngeenyawo.⁶. Olu ngenelelo lubeka phambili iimfuno zabahambi ngeenyawo, lwenza kube lula kwaye kukhuseleke ukuba abantu bahambe ngeenyawo esixekweni.

Ukuhamba ngebhayisekile kunika izibonelelo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuphuculwa kwempilo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, kunye nokwandiswa konxibelelwano loluntu.⁷ Izixeko ezifana neSeville kunye neCopenhagen ziyamkele le ndlela, zabela indawo enkulu yesitrato sazo kubakhweli beebhayisikile nabahambi ngeenyawo.⁷. Oku kukhokelele ekwandisweni kokuvunywa koluntu, apho iSeville iphumeze ukuvunywa kwama-90% kwiziseko zayo zebhayisikile.⁷.

Ngokwahlukileyo, izixeko ezinjengeBarcelona kunye neCopenhagen zisabele uninzi lwendawo yazo yendlela ezimotweni, ngaphandle kwamaxabiso aphantsi okusetyenziswa kweemoto.⁷. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba kukho amandla abonakalayo okuphinda kusetyenziswe iziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo ukuze kunikezelwe ngcono iimfuno zabahambi ngeenyawo nabakhweli beebhayisikile, ekugqibeleni kuyilwe okusingqongileyo okuzinzileyo nokunokuhlalwa edolophini.

"Ukuhamba ngebhayisekile kunye nokuhamba kunokuba luncedo olukhulu kwimpilo, kwendalo kunye nokhuseleko ezixekweni."⁷

Izisombululo zokuhamba ezizinzileyo ezibeka phambili abahambi ngeenyawo nabakhweli beebhayisikile ayipheleli nje ekunciphiseni ingxinano yezithuthi kunye nongcoliseko kodwa ikwakhuthaza indlela yokuphila esempilweni nobomi obudlamkileyo basesitratweni. Ngokuyila iindlela zokuhamba ezikhuselekileyo nezifikelelekayo kunye nokuphumeza iziseko eziluncedo zomjikelo, izixeko zinokuguqula iindawo zazo zikawonke-wonke zibe zigxile ebantwini, iindawo ezizinzileyo zomsebenzi kunye noluntu.

Njengoko izixeko ziqhubeka zikhula kwaye zivela, uyilo oluzinzileyo lwedolophu lube yinto ekugxilwe kuyo ekudaleni ngakumbi iindawo zokuhlala⁸. Uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo lujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izixeko ziyaphila kwaye zixhasa uqoqosho, intlalo, kunye nokomelela kwemekobume.⁸. Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo ludibanisa amaqhinga okunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokugcina ubutyebi bendalo, lubonelela ngendlela eya kwikamva eliluhlaza nelinempumelelo ngakumbi.⁸.

Ukudibanisa izithuba eziluhlaza kunye nokukhuthaza eziphilayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kuyilo lwedolophu oluzinzileyo⁸. Izixeko ezenza utyalo-mali kwizenzo ezizinzileyo zinokuba luhlaza kwaye zisebenze ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha⁸, kunye neendawo eziluhlaza ezibonelela ngeendawo zokuzonwabisa, ukuphucula umgangatho womoya, kunye nokunciphisa umphumo wesiqithi sokushisa kwedolophu⁹. Umgca oPhezulu kwisiXeko saseNew York ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wendlela iziseko ezingundoqo ezilahliweyo ezinokuguqulwa ngayo zibe ziipaseji eziluhlaza ezidlamkileyo, eziphucula ukuphila kwesixeko kunye nokomelela kokusingqongileyo.

⁸ Amanyathelo azinzileyo anokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, inkcitho, kunye nongcoliseko, ngelixa⁸ ukuphumeza izenzo ezinciphisa ukuthembela kwimithombo yamandla engahlaziyekiyo kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dioxide kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi.⁹. Iinkqubo zegridi ezihlakaniphile kunye nokudityaniswa kwe umoya ovuselelekayo imithombo, enje ngeepaneli zelanga kunye nee turbines zomoya, zibalulekile ekudaleni izixeko ezizinzileyo nezonga amandla⁹. Ukongezelela, uyilo lwesakhiwo esonga umbane Imithetho-siseko ijolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi, igalelo kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezinokuhlalwa ngakumbi nezilungele ukusingqongileyo.

Ezi zisombululo ezizinzileyo kuyilo lwasezidolophini zinegalelo ekudaleni ngakumbi iindawo zokuhlala ezixhotyiselwe ngcono ukujongana nemingeni yokusingqongileyo, ekugqibeleni ziphucula umgangatho wobomi babo bonke abemi⁸.

"Uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo lubalulekile kumsebenzi wezoqoqosho kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo bonke abemi."⁸

Njengoko izixeko kwihlabathi liphela zisebenzela ekudaleni ngakumbi Uyilo lweDolophu lwaBantu kwaye Iidolophu ezinokuHanjwa, amabali empumelelo aliqela abala njengemizekelo ekhuthazayo. Imizekelo emibini ephambili ebonisa amandla enguqu kuyilo lwedolophu oluphakathi kwabantu yiCopenhagen kunye neMelbourne.

I-Copenhagen kudala ibhiyozelwa njengenkokeli kucwangciso oluzinzileyo lwedolophu, kunye nothungelwano olubanzi lweendawo zabahamba ngeenyawo kunye neendlela zokuhamba ngeebhayisikile. Ukuzinikela kwesi sixeko ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kwiimoto kubuphucule kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kubahlali baso¹⁰. I-Superkilen Park, indawo kawonke-wonke edlamkileyo e-Copenhagen, ibandakanye uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwisigaba ngasinye soyilo lwayo, ibandakanya izinto ezivela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 ukudala ubume bomhlaba obubandakanya ngokwenene kunye nokwahluka kwedolophu.

UMelbourne wenze utshintsho olumangalisayo kule minyaka yamva nje, ibeka phambili iindawo zabahambi ngeenyawo kunye nokuphumeza uyilo olutsha lwesitrato. Iprojekthi yesiXeko yokuvuselela umgaqo wendlela ijike iindawo ebezikade zingasetyenziswa kakuhle zibe ziindawo ezikhulayo zikawonke-wonke, zitsala umdla wabahlali kunye nabakhenkethi.¹¹. Inkqubo yeBarcelona's superblocks kunye ne-Milan's Piazze Aperte initiative ineenjongo ezifanayo, ebonisa imeko yehlabathi ekubuyiseleni izitrato zedolophu kubantu kuneemoto.

Ezi zifundo zophando zibonisa ukuba njani Uyilo lweDolophu lwaBantu kwaye Iidolophu ezinokuHanjwa inokuguqula ngempumelelo imeko-bume ezidolophini, ikhuthaze unxibelelwano noluntu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bubonke¹⁰. Imizekelo ephumeleleyo efana neBryant Park kwisiXeko saseNew York, iMillennium Park eChicago, kunye noMzila oPhezulu kwisiXeko saseNew York ubonisa ngakumbi impembelelo entle yoyilo lwedolophu olugxile kuluntu kuvuselelo lwezoqoqosho nezentlalo.

"Ubuchule basezidolophini buvele njengesisombululo esisisiseko kwiintsilelo zokucwangciswa kwesixeko, ukuxhobisa uluntu ukuba lubuyise iindawo zalo zoluntu."¹¹

Ukubandakanya uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwi IiNkqubo zokuBandakanywa koLuntu kwaye Uphuhliso lweDolophu oluBandayo kubalulekile ekudaleni iindawo zikawonke-wonke ezihlangabezana ngokwenene neemfuno zabahlali. Ucwangciso lothatho-nxaxheba lubandakanya abachaphazelekayo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphuhliso lwedolophu lubonakalisa iinqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye neminqweno yendawo.¹². Le ndlela ikhokelela kwiiprojekthi eziyimpumelelo nezamkelwe ngokubanzi, njengoko isakha imvakalelo yobunini nokuzingca koluntu¹².

Ngokubandakanya abahlali kwinkqubo yoyilo, abacwangcisi basezidolophini banokubamba ingqiqo engabalulekanga kunye neembono ezibumba iindawo ukuba zisebenze ngakumbi, zibandakanya, kwaye zinentsingiselo kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Le ndlela yentsebenziswano ixhobisa abemi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ebonakalayo ekubumbeni ubumelwane babo, ukukhuthaza uluvo olunamandla loluntu kunye nothethathethwano noluntu.¹²¹³.

Iinzuzo zesicwangciso sokuthatha inxaxheba kuyilo lwasezidolophini lubanzi. Ikhokelela kwiindawo eziyilwe ngcono ezibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ukwanda kwentsebenziswano yoluntu, kunye neziphumo ezizinzileyo zexesha elide.¹²¹³. Uphuhliso lwedolophu olubandakanyayo ngokusebenzisana noluntu kunceda ukudala izixeko ezingasebenziyo kuphela kodwa ezinentsingiselo enzulu kubemi bazo¹².

"Uyilo olululo lwedolophu lunokonyusa uqoqosho lophuhliso kunye nokubonelela ngezibonelelo zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo, nto leyo enegalelo kukhuphiswano olungakumbi lweemveliso."¹³

Iprojekthi yophando egunyaziswe yi-CABE kunye ne-DETR yafumanisa ukuba uyilo olululo lwedolophu lubonelela ngeenzuzo zoqoqosho ngokuvelisa imbuyekezo ephezulu kutyalo-mali, ukuphendula kwimfuno yabahlali, kunye nokunceda ukuhambisa indawo evulelekileyo.¹³. Ukongeza, igalelo kwiinzuzo zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo, njengokuphucula inkxaso yoluntu kuphuhliso kunye nokwandisa imveliso yabasebenzi.¹³.

Ekugqibeleni, ukubandakanyeka koluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwi IiNkqubo zokuBandakanywa koLuntu kwaye Uphuhliso lweDolophu oluBandayo ngumba obalulekileyo wokudala iindawo zoluntu eziyimpumelelo nezinentsingiselo ezibonelela iimfuno kunye nolangazelelo lwabantu abahlala kuzo.¹².

Ukuphunyezwa uyilo lwedolophu kubantu ijongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi ekujonganeni nayo ukuxinana kwezithuthi kunye nokoyisa ukuchasa utshintsho. Ukutshintsha iziseko ezingundoqo zemoto kudla ngokufuna ukwalathiswa kwetrafikhi, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekonyukeni kwengxinano kwiindawo ezingqongileyo, njengoko kuphawulwe kwinyathelo le-Barcelona “elikhulu”.¹⁴.

Omnye umqobo kukoyisa ukuxhathisa kwabo baqhele ukuphila ubomi bokuxhomekeka kwiimoto. Ezinye iimbono eziphosakeleyo, ezinjengoloyiko lokuvaleleka ekuhlaleni okanye ukulahlekelwa “lilungelo lokuqhuba,” kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngemfundo nonxibelelwano olucacileyo malunga neenzuzo uyilo lwedolophu oluphakathi kwabantu¹⁵.

Abacwangcisi basezidolophini bagxininisa ngakumbi nokuzinza, ukudala izixeko ezinobuhlobo kwindalo nezijongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuncipha kobutyebi¹⁵. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqondisa ngokutsha i-traffic ukubeka phambili abahambi ngeenyawo kunye nabakhweli beebhayisikile kunokukhokelela ekonyukeni okwethutyana kwingxinano, njengoko kubonwa e-Barcelona.¹⁴. Ukuhamba kulo mngeni kufuna indlela ebanzi, kuquka izithuthi zikawonke wonke uphuculo, ukuhamba okusebenzayo iziseko zophuhliso, kunye nezisombululo ezintsha zolawulo lwezithuthi.

Izindlu ezifikelelekayo kwiingingqi zemetropolitan yinkxalabo ekhulayo, umngeni wabayili basezidolophini ukuba benze izixeko ezibandakanyayo nezifikelelekayo¹⁵. Ulingano kuyilo lwedolophu lujolise ekunciphiseni ukungangqinelani ekufikeleleni kwizinto eziluncedo kunye neenkonzo, ukukhuthaza uluntu olubandakanyayo nolulinganayo.¹⁵. Ukujongana nale miba kunye nokunxibelelana ngeenzuzo ze izisombululo zokuhamba ezizinzileyo inokunceda ukoyisa ukuchasana notshintsho kunye nenkxaso yenkxaso yeeprojekthi zoyilo lwedolophu.

“Ukutshintsha izixeko zethu ukuba zigxile ebantwini kufuna ulungelelwaniso oluthambileyo lokujongana nemiceli mngeni ebonakalayo kunye nokoyisa iingqondo ezendeleyo. Luhambo, kodwa olubalulekileyo ekudaleni uluntu oludlamkileyo, olunokuhlalwa.”

¹⁵

Njengoko izixeko kwihlabathi liphela zizabalazela ukuzinza ngakumbi kwaye ziphile, iindlela ezimbini eziphawulekayo zibumba ikamva leendawo zasezidolophini: UbuGcisa beTekhnoloji kunye nokuPhakamisa kweeDolophu eziyi-15 zeMinute. Ezi ndlela zintsha zikulungele ukucacisa ngokutsha indlela esiyila ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana neendawo zethu zoluntu, zinika izisombululo kwimingeni yokuhamba ezidolophini kunye nempilo yoluntu.

Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni imbonakalo yedolophu. Itekhnoloji yesixeko esihlakaniphile, izithuthi ezizimeleyo, kunye neenkqubo zothutho zikawonke-wonke eziphambili zivela njengezisombululo zokujongana nobunzima bokuhamba ezidolophini.¹⁶. Izixeko ezityala imali ekutshintsheni kuhambo olukhulu kunye nokuphuhlisa iipaseji zokuhamba nokuhamba ngebhayisikile kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni nge-5-15%¹⁶. Ngaphaya koko, ubuchwephesha obuqhutywa yidatha buvumela abacwangcisi basezidolophini ukuba bafumane ukuqonda okupheleleyo kwezixeko, kuphuculwe uphuhliso lwedolophu kwixesha elizayo.¹⁷. Ukuphunyezwa kwezi zisombululo zintsha kuvula indlela yothutho olusebenzayo noluzinzileyo, ekugqibeleni lube negalelo ekudalweni kothutho. Izisombululo zokuHamba eziZinzileyo.

Ingqikelelo yesiXeko esiyiMizuzu eli-15 iya ikhula kwihlabathi, sithembisa ukuyiguqula indlela esiphila ngayo kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Le modeli ijolise ekuboneleleni abahlali ukuba bafikelele kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo, ezinje ngokhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, kunye nolonwabo, kumgama omfutshane okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile ukusuka kumakhaya abo.¹⁷. Ugxininiso ekudaleni iziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza kwiindawo zasezidolophini lukhula ngamandla, lugxininisa ukubaluleka kophuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokudalwa Uluntu oluPhilayo¹⁷. Ngokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiimoto kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhlala ekuhlaleni, imodeli ye-15-Minute yeSixeko inamandla okuphucula unxibelelwano loluntu, ukuphucula umgangatho womoya, kunye nokukhuthaza indlela yokuphila esebenzayo nenempilo kubahlali basezidolophini.

Nangona kukho ukuchasana kunye neengcamango eziphosakeleyo, ukwamkelwa kwezi ndlela kubonisa indlela ethembisayo yokubumba ikamva leendawo zasezidolophini, ukujongana neemfuno ezixinzelelekileyo zeSustainable Mobility Solutions and Liveable Communities.

“Izixeko zexesha elizayo ziya kuba zenzelwe abantu, hayi iimoto. Ngokubeka phambili abahambi ngeenyawo, abakhweli beebhayisikile, kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, sinokwenza iindawo zasedolophini ezidlamkileyo, ezisempilweni, nezikhathalele indalo esingqongileyo.”

-UJane Jacobs, iUrban Theorist

Ngokwamkela ezi ndlela zintsha, izixeko zinokuvula indlela yekamva elibeka phambili iSustainable Mobility Solutions kunye nokudalwa koLuntu oluPhilayo, ekugqibeleni luphucula umgangatho wobomi kubahlali basezidolophini.¹⁶¹⁷.

Ikamva loyilo lwasezidolophini lisekudaleni izixeko ezigxile ebantwini ezibeka phambili iimfuno zoluntu, uzinzo, kunye nentlalontle yoluntu ngaphezulu kwesiseko semoto.¹⁸. Olu tshintsho lweparadigm lubonisa ukuqondwa okukhulayo kokuba iindawo zasedolophini kufuneka ziyilelwe abantu, hayi izithuthi. Njengoko izixeko ziqhubeka nokuvela, indlela engaphambili yocwangciso olubandakanyayo lwedolophu ibandakanya intsebenziswano eqhubekayo phakathi kwabacwangcisi besixeko, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nabachaphazelekayo abohlukeneyo.

Ukuphumeza lo mbono woyilo lwedolophu olugxile ebantwini kufuna inzame edibeneyo yokubandakanya uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kuyilo kunye nenkqubo yokucwangcisa.¹⁹. Ngokubandakanya ukuqonda kunye neminqweno yabahlali, abacwangcisi basezidolophini banokudala indawo ezinzileyo kunye neyomeleleyo ehlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zabantu.¹⁹. Le ndlela yothatho-nxaxheba, ixhaswa ngamacandelo afana nocwangciso lwedolophu, inzululwazi ngentlalontle, kunye nejografi¹⁸, ibambe isitshixo sokujongana nemingeni entlantlu-ntlobo yophuhliso lwedolophu kunye nokukhuthaza umoya wokuziva uyinxalenye yoluntu.

Incoko yababini eqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lwezisombululo ezitsha zibalulekile ekuqondeni amandla apheleleyo oyilo lwedolophu olugxile ebantwini.¹⁸. Njengoko izixeko zisokolana nemiba esukela kwingxinano yezithuthi ukuya ekurhwebeni kweendawo zasedolophini¹⁸, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza utshintshiselwano oluqhubekayo lwezimvo kunye nokusebenzisana kwizisombululo ezipheleleyo, eziqhutywa luluntu.¹⁹. Ngokwamkela izenzo ezizinzileyo, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nemigaqo ye-Urbanism yeMihla yonke¹⁹, izixeko zinokuphila ngakumbi, zibandakanyeke, kwaye zikhathalele indalo, ekugqibeleni ziphucula umgangatho wobomi kubo bonke abahlali.

1. Ukuyila izixeko zabantu, hayi iimoto: iindawo zasedolophini ezilungele abahambi ngeenyawo- https://shotl.com/news/designing-cities-for-people-not-cars-pedestrian-friendly-urban-spaces
2. Ukubaluleka koYilo lweDolophu kuluntu lwakho - https://mrsc.org/stay-informed/mrsc-insight/march-2020/the-importance-of-urban-design-for-your-community
3. Yintoni iUrban Design? | IQela loYilo lweDolophu - https://www.udg.org.uk/about/what-is-urban-design
4. Ngaphaya kweConcrete: Indima yeNtlalo yeNdawo zoLuntu kuCwangciso lweDolophu - https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/materials-construction/a12199-beyond-concrete-the-social-role-of-public-spaces-in-urban-planning/
5. Indima yeNdawo zoLuntu kwiNdawo eziSingqongileyo zaseDolophini- https://injarch.com/public-spaces-in-urban-environments/
6. Kwizitrato zedolophu, beka phambili abantu ngaphezulu kweemoto | Isicwangciso soMmandla seSine – http://fourthplan.org/action/streets-for-people
7. UluPhumelela njani uTshintsho lokuHamba nokuHamba ngeBhayisikile | CityChangers.org - https://citychangers.org/how-to-achieve-a-walking-and-cycling-transformation/
8. Uphuhliso lwedolophu – ikamva elizinzileyo – https://toposmagazine.com/sustainable-urban-development/
9. Ukwakha iZixeko eziZinzileyo: Ukuyila iNdawo zaseDolophini ukuze zibe luhlaza ngomso - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/building-sustainable-cities-designing-urban-spaces-greener-bett-cyrus
10. Izifundo ezili-10 zeePaka zoLuntu eziSekelwe kuLuntu – https://urbandesignlab.in/10-case-studies-for-community-centered-public-parks/?srsltid=AfmBOoopxo38naSK4lRGkoGfUzlr6Bg0dE6ozbhu-c22ubsERMVqqH68
11. Yintoni i-Tactical Urbanism? Imizekeliso emi-4 kunye nophononongo lweZihlo eziphononongiweyo – https://onekeyresources.milwaukeetool.com/en/tactical-urbanism
12. Ukubaluleka koCwangciso lweDolophu-Izizathu eziSixhenxe eziphambili-Archistar- https://www.archistar.ai/blog/the-importance-of-urban-planning-the-seven-key-reasons/
13. Ixabiso loyilo lwedolophu - https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/fileadmin/uploads/dc/Documents/the-value-of-urban-design_0.pdf
14. Uyilo lweDolophu: Ukujongana nemingeni ngoMda wokuyila-uYilo lweDolophu- https://nclurbandesign.org/urban-design-tackling-the-challenges-with-a-creative-edge/
15. Ikamva loyilo lweDolophu: Iindlela kunye nemingeni- https://urbandesignlab.in/the-future-of-urban-design-trends-and-challenges/?srsltid=AfmBOopyVPTr0fgq6oyNchNo6t__DAxxpSTbqn8OtjAt4AMXW45dnaGQ
16. Ikamva ledolophu elinenjongo - https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/public-sector/future-of-cities.html
17. Yeyiphi imikhwa ebumba ikamva locwangciso lwedolophu? | Iindaba ze-AtkinsRéalis kunye neeblogs- https://careers.atkinsrealis.com/blogs/2022-7/what-are-the-trends-shaping-the-future-of-urban-planning
18. PDF - https://www.bosch-stiftung.de/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/2020-04/Participatory Design of People-centered Cities_2020_0.pdf
19. I-Urbanism yemihla ngemihla: Ukuguqula uBomi bemihla ngemihla ezixekweni- https://urbandesignlab.in/everyday-urbanism/?srsltid=AfmBOoraZZGr-J4mb0Vh06LNC-jP1FI3zD7t52oavhNZ2PVOl5YfpXfC