Ukudibanisa iSixeko: Impumelelo yeVancouver kunye nokuThuthwa koLuntu kunye noManyano lweDolophu

Vancouver, i-West Coast Canadian edlamkileyo emzini, kudala iqatshelwa ngendlela yayo eqhubekayo ucwangciso lwedolophu kunye nezothutho. Embindini wale mpumelelo kukho iSicwangciso soThutho sika-2040 sesixeko, isicwangciso esibanzi esitshintshe indlela abahlali kunye neendwendwe ezijikeleza ngayo idolophu enkulu. Ivunywe liBhunga lesiXeko saseVancouver ngo-2012 emva kokuzibandakanya nabemi abangaphezu kwe-18,000 kunye neminyaka emibini yokubonisana.¹, isicwangciso sibeka umbono onesibindi a ezizinzileyo, ikamva eliphilileyo, elidibanisa ngokungenamthungo ukuhamba kukawonke-wonke, ukuhamba, nokukhwela ibhayisekile kwilaphu lasedolophini.

Isicwangciso sezoThutho sika-2040 yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso esikhulu seVancouver, esigxininisa ubandakanyo, impilo, impumelelo, kunye nokuphila ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphumeza olu yilo lunebhongo lufuna ukubekwa phambili ngononophelo, izisombululo zenkxaso-mali ezitsha, kunye nengqiqo. uyilo iindlela ezijongene nemingeni eyodwa yesixeko kunye namathuba. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ugxininiso lwesicwangciso ekubekweni kweliso nasekuvavanyeni luqinisekisa ukuba inkqubela phambili kwinjongo yaso ilandelelwa rhoqo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo balungelelanise kwaye basulungekise izicwangciso zabo njengoko iimeko ziguquka.¹.

• Vancouver kaThixo Transportation 2040 Plan imisela ixesha elide buchule umbono wezothutho zesixeko kunye nezigqibo zokusetyenziswa komhlaba.
• Isicwangciso saphuhliswa ngothethwano olubanzi noluntu, lubandakanya abemi abangaphezu kwe-18,000 kwiminyaka emibini.
• Yinxalenye yesicwangciso esibanzi esigxile ekubandakanyekeni, impilo, impumelelo, kunye nokuphila eVancouver.
• Ukuphunyezwa yesicwangciso ifuna ukubekwa phambili, inkxaso-mali entsha, kunye nezisombululo zoyilo lokujongana nemingeni eyodwa yesixeko.
• Ukubeka iliso nokuvavanya ngundoqo ekulandeleni inkqubela kunye nokulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo kwiimeko eziguqukayo.

Imbonakalo yedolophu yaseVancouver iye yabunjwa ngokubalulekileyo kukuvela kwayo iinkqubo zokuthutha uluntu, ukusuka kuthungelwano lweemoto ezihamba phambili ukuya kwi-SkyTrain yanamhlanje². Yesixeko uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo ithe gqolo igxininisa kwimigaqo ye nokuzinza, ngamaphulo afana Izakhiwo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-LEED kunye nothungelwano olubanzi lweendlela zebhayisekile². Uhambo lukawonke-wonke ludlala indima ebalulekileyo eVancouver uphuhliso lwedolophu, esebenza njengomqhubi ophambili ekunciphiseni ukuxinana kwezithuthi, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula koluntu olugxile kwezothutho².

Kwidolophu yaseVancouver iziseko yenzelwe ukubeka phambili uthutho oluzinzileyo izisombululo². Abemi besi sixeko bafumene ukukhula okubonakalayo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, abantu besiXeko saseVancouver benyuke nge-48% phakathi ko-1971 no-2016, kunye nommandla obanzi weMetro Vancouver ukhula nge-140% kwangelo xesha linye, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu besuka eVancouver. ngaphakathi Khanada nakwamanye amazwe². Oku kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwabemi kubangele ukwanda okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kothungelwano lwezothutho lwesixeko, ukukhuthaza ukuxinana okuphezulu, uphuhliso oluxubeneyo ujikeleze iindawo eziphambili zokuhamba.

Uhambo lukawonke-wonke lubalulekile kwisicwangciso sophuhliso lwedolophu yaseVancouver, kunye nenkqubo ye-SkyTrain kunye nothungelwano olubanzi lweebhasi ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ukubumbana kwesixeko, uyilo olujolise kuhambo.². Ukudityaniswa kothutho lukawonke-wonke kunye nocwangciso lwasezidolophini kube ngumba ophambili ekugxilwe kuwo, njengoko isixeko sijolise ekudaleni uluntu oluhambahambayo, olunosetyenziso oluxubeneyo olugxile ekufikeleleni kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zothutho.³. Le ndlela ineenzuzo ezininzi, kuquka ukuphuculwa kofikelelo kuhambo lukawonke-wonke, ukufikeleleka okwandileyo, kunye neengenelo zokusingqongileyo ezinjengokuncitshiswa. ngco liseko kwaye ukukhutshwa kwegesi³.

Ukuzibophelela kweVancouver ekudibaniseni ukuhamba koluntu kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu kube sisixhobo ekubumbeni ubume bedolophu obubambeneyo, obuzinzileyo, obunokuhlalwa.². Ujoliso lwesixeko kwi Uphuhliso oluJolise kuThutho (TOD) imigaqo ivelise izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, kwaye iVancouver ihlala ibekwa njengenye yezona zinto ziphilayo imizi emhlabeni².

Inkqubo yezothutho kawonke-wonke yaseVancouver yenze utshintsho olumangalisayo kule minyaka ingamashumi eminyaka, isuka kwiimoto zesitrato kunye neebhasi ukuya kuthungelwano oluphambili kunye noludibeneyo oluyiyo namhlanje.⁴. Inkqubo yeSkyTrain, ebisebenza ukusukela ngo-1985, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni uphuhliso lwedolophu. Ibandakanya imigca emithathu - i-Expo Line, iMillennium Line, kunye neCanada Line - i-SkyTrain ibe ngumqolo wesiseko sezinto zokuhamba zikawonkewonke eVancouver.⁴.

Ukuqaliswa kweebhasi zetroli zombane phakathi kwekhulu lama-20 kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo ye-SkyTrain ngo-1985 yayiziimpawu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo eziguqule i-Vancouver's public transit landscape.⁴. IProjekthi ye-Broadway Subway, eqhubayo ngoku, ijolise ekwandiseni iMillennium Line ukusuka eVCC-Clark ukuya eArbutus, iphucula ngakumbi unxibelelwano lwesixeko.⁴. Ukongeza, iprojekthi yokwandiswa kweSkyTrain yaseSurrey Langley iyaqhubeka ukuphucula ukufikeleleka kohambo ukuya kwiFraser Valley.⁴.

Uphuhliso lwembali yohambo lwaseVancouver lubeke isiseko sojoliso lwangoku lwesixeko uphuhliso olujolise kwezothutho kwaye ucwangciso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo qhinga⁴. Inkqubo ye-SkyTrain, kunye nenkonzo yayo yokufikelela ngokubanzi kunye ne-high-frequency service, ibe negalelo ekubunjweni kwendawo yedolophu yedolophu, ukukhuthaza ukudalwa koxinano oluphezulu, uluntu oluxubeneyo olujikeleze iindawo zokuhamba.⁴. Le ndlela yendlela yokuthutha ibe ngumqhubi ophambili kusukelo lweVancouver lokuba sesona sixeko siluhlaza emhlabeni ngo-2050, ngamaphulo afana ne-LEED-certified. izakhiwo kunye neendlela ezibanzi zeebhayisekile⁴.

I-Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) nayo idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yeeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo zeVancouver, ikhuthaza ubuchule ekwabelwanayo ngezixhobo kunye nezisombululo ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo.⁴. Nangona kunjalo, isixeko siyaqhubeka nokujongana nemingeni ekulinganiseni ukukhula kwedolophu kunye nokugcinwa kobuhle bendalo kunye inkcubeko elilifa lethu, kunye nedilesi ukufikeleleka kwezindlu xhalaba⁴. Iziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo uyilo, utyalo-mali kwi umoya ovuselelekayo, kunye nokucwangciswa okutsha kwedolophu kuya kuba yimfuneko kwixesha elizayo-ubungqina benkqubo yokuhamba yeVancouver kunye nokugcina isidima sayo njengenkokeli kuphuhliso oludibeneyo lwedolophu.⁴.

IProjekthi yaseBelmont, a uphuhliso olujolise kwezothutho yiBelmont Pacific Development Group, bubungqina bokuzibophelela kwesi sixeko kumgangatho nozinzo⁴. Phantsi kobunkokheli bukaKush Kumar Bhatia, iBelmont Pacific Development Group ibe negalelo kwimbonakalo yedolophu yaseVancouver uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ebonisa amandla ocwangciso oluhlangeneyo olujolise kuhambo⁴.

Ukuvela kwembali yenkqubo yezohambo lukawonke-wonke yaseVancouver ibe ngumqhubi ophambili kuphuhliso lwedolophu, ibeka isiseko sokugxila kwayo ngoku kucwangciso olujolise kuhambo kunye uthutho oluzinzileyo izisombululo⁴. Njengoko isixeko siqhubeka sikhula kwaye sijongana nemiceli mngeni evelayo, ukudityaniswa kohambo lukawonkewonke kunye nocwangciso lwasezidolophini kuya kubaluleka ekugcineni isidima seVancouver njengenkokeli kwizixeko ezinokuphila kunye ne-eco-friendly.⁴.

“Ezothutho zenza i-26% yokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse yaseKhanada, nto leyo egxininisa ukubaluleka yezisombululo zokushukuma ezizinzileyo njengenkqubo yeSkytrain eVancouver.⁵

IProjekthi eyimpumelelo yeBelmont kunye negalelo leQela loPhuhliso lweBelmont Pacific phantsi kobunkokheli bukaKush Kumar Bhatia libonisa amandla ophuhliso olujoliswe kwezothutho kunye nendima ebalulekileyo yobudlelwane phakathi koluntu nabucala ekubumbeni ikamva ledolophu yaseVancouver.⁴.

Njengoko iVancouver iqhubeka nokuvela, uphuhliso lwembali yohambo lwesixeko kunye nokudityaniswa kwayo nocwangciso lwasezidolophini iya kuba yimiba ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ikamva elizinzileyo, eliphilayo, neliqhagamshelweyo kuluntu olukhulayo.⁶.

Impumelelo yeVancouver ekudibaniseni ukuhamba koluntu kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu ibonakala kwiiprojekthi zenguqu ezifana neBroadway Subway kunye nolwandiso lweSkyTrain lwaseSurrey Langley.⁷. Olu phuhliso lujolise ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano kunye nokukhuthaza uluntu olujolise kwezohambo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiimoto kunye nokukhuthaza indlela yokuphila esebenzayo.⁸.

Ubuchule bokudibanisa obusebenzayo bubandakanya intsebenziswano esondeleyo phakathi kwamaqumrhu karhulumente nabucala ababhekisi. Oku kunokubonwa kwiprojekthi yesiKhululo saseCapstan kuMda weCanada, apho ukuzinikela kwesixeko kuphuhliso olujolise kuhambo lukhokelele ekudalweni kwendawo echumayo, enoxinano oluphezulu oluphakathi kwendawo yezothutho.

Iprojekthi yeBroadway Subway, umzekelo, yenzelwe ukuphucula ukufikeleleka kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezothutho ecaleni kwenye yezona ndawo zixakekileyo zeVancouver.⁷. Ngokufanayo, ulwandiso lweSkyTrain lweSurrey Langley lujolise ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano kunye nokuxhasa ukukhula koluntu olujolise kwezohambo kummandla.

Ezi projekthi ngumzekelo wendlela yeVancouver epheleleyo yocwangciso lwedolophu, apho uhambo lukawonke-wonke ludityaniswe ngokungenamthungo nokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ucando, kunye nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo.⁸. Isiphumo sisixeko esiphila ngakumbi, esizinzileyo, nesifikelelekayo esibeka phambili iimfuno zabahlali baso.

Indlela yeVancouver yokudibanisa ukuhamba kukawonke-wonke kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu ibenempembelelo enkulu kubomi besixeko, ukuzinza, kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho.⁸. Ngokubeka phambili uphuhliso olujolise kuhambo kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiimoto, iVancouver iye yaba ngumzekelo wezinye izixeko ezifuna ukudala indawo yokuhlala ehlala ngakumbi, enokulingana, kunye neyokukhathalela indalo esingqongileyo.

"Amava eVancouver abalaselisa ifuthe lesicwangciso esilungileyo ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kwemoto kunye nokukhuthaza ezinye iindlela zothutho."

⁸

ukuzibophelela Vancouver ukuba uthutho oluzinzileyo kwaye indawo yokudlala uyilo lweedolophini ivelise izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kubahlali bayo. Inkqubo yothutho kawonke-wonke esebenzayo yesixeko, exhaswa luthungelwano lweSkyTrain olubonakalayo, lubonelela ngoluhlu lweenzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo eziguqula imbonakalo yedolophu.⁹.

Inkqubo yezothutho yoluntu ibonelela ngeendlela zothutho ezifikelelekayo nezifikelelekayo kuluntu olukhulayo lwaseVancouver. Ngo-2023, inkqubo yabhala ngaphezulu kwe-233 yezigidi zeehambo zonyaka, ukunyuka kwe-20.5% ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo.⁹. Oku kunyuka kwabakhweli kubonisa ukuthandwa kwale nkqubo kunye nokwanda kokuthembela kwabahlali kuhambo lukawonke-wonke njengendlela ethembekileyo yokuhamba nokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo.

Ukudityaniswa kothutho lukawonke-wonke kunye nocwangciso lwasezidolophini kukwakhuthaze uphuhliso loqoqosho olungqonge iindawo zokuhamba, ukudala uluntu oludlamkileyo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bubonke kubahlali.¹⁰. Uthutho olusebenzayo lubaluleke kakhulu kwabo bafikayo esixekweni, luququzelela ukufikelela kwabo kwingqesho, imfundo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo, ngaloo ndlela bexhasa ukudityaniswa kwabo kuluntu olwahlukeneyo.¹⁰.

Ugxininiso lweVancouver kuthutho oluzinzileyo luhambelana nenjongo yayo yokuba sesona sixeko siluhlaza emhlabeni ngo-2050. Inkqubo yokuthutha yoluntu esebenzayo, kunye nenkonzo yayo ephezulu kunye nethembekileyo, inciphise kakhulu idolophu. Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni⁹. Malunga nesinye esithathwini sabemi beMetro Vancouver basebenzisa uhambo lukawonke-wonke kanye ngeveki, benegalelo kulondolozo lwedolophu oluhlala luhleli. indawo⁹.

Ukukhula koluntu lwakutsha nje kwe-90,000 yabahlali abatsha ngo-2023, phantse kabini i-50,000 eqikelelwayo, iphinde yaqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwenkqubo yothutho kawonke-wonke eyomeleleyo neguquguqukayo.⁹. Uthungelwano lwe-SkyTrain, ngokukodwa, ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni nokuthontelana kwabahlali abatsha, kunye nesithili esisezantsi-mpuma (i-Surrey, iLokishi yaseLangley, iSixeko saseLangley, i-White Rock, kunye ne-North Delta) ifumene ukunyuka kwama-22% kumanani abagibeli ukusuka. Ngo-2022 ukuya kwi-2023⁹.

Ngelixa inkqubo iye yajongana nemingeni ethile, efana nokunyuka kwamanqanaba okuxinana xa kuthelekiswa neli shumi leminyaka lidlulileyo, ukuzibophelela kwesixeko kuphuculo oluqhubekayo kunye. ezintsha kuhambo lukawonke-wonke luqinisekisa ukuba iVancouver ihlala iphambili kuhambo lwasedolophini oluzinzileyo⁹.

Ngo-2024, i-masterplanner eyaziwayo yoyilo lwedolophu UAlexandra Steed waseka i-ofisi yaseVancouver, izisa ubuchule bakhe kuphuhliso lwedolophu oluqhubekayo. Umsebenzi we-Steed ugxile ekudaleni ulondolozo, ummandla wedolophu onokuhlala uhleli odibana nawo iinkqubo zokuthutha uluntu, ukulungelelaniswa nokuzibophelela kweVancouver kuphuhliso olujolise kuhambo kunye nokukhula okuzinzileyo kwedolophu.

UAlexandra Steed yinkokeli yehlabathi kwibala le ucwangciso lwedolophu. Ngamava angaphezulu kwamashumi amabini eminyaka, uye wakhokela uyilo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezinto ezintsha, ezigxile ebantwini kwizixeko zehlabathi. Indlela kaSteed igxininisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe uthutho oluzinzileyo kwaye Ucwangciso lwedolophu oluhlanganisiweyo ukudala uluntu oludlamkileyo, oludibeneyo.

Ukuvulwa kweofisi yaseSteed's Vancouver kubonisa ukuzinikela okuqhubekayo kwesixeko ekucingeni phambili kucwangciso lwedolophu kunye noyilo. Ngokuzisa ubuchule bakhe kummandla, umbono kaSteed uhambelana neenzame eziqhubekayo zeVancouver zokuphucula impilo, ukukhuthaza. ukugcinwa kwendalo, kunye nokukhuthaza uqhagamshelwano olungenamthungo ngohambo lukawonke-wonke.

“Injongo yam kukudala iindawo ezisezidolophini ezingasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kuphela, kodwa ziphinde zikhuthaze kwaye ziphakamise abantu abahlala, abasebenza, nabadlalayo kuzo. Ukuzibophelela kweVancouver kucwangciso oludibeneyo kuyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokufezekisa lo mbono.

– Alexandra Steed, uMseki, Alexandra Steed Urban

Inkqubo yothutho yaseVancouver yamkele iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula amava omsebenzisi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngaphambili yiSkyTrain, eyona nkqubo kaloliwe inkulu kuMntla Melika, engumzekelo wenkqubela phambili yethekhinoloji yedolophu kuhambo lukawonkewonke.¹¹. I-SkyTrain iqhayisa ngenkonzo rhoqo kunye nentloko yemizuzu emi-2-3, inika abakhweli ithuba lokuhamba elingenamthungo nelithembekileyo.¹¹.

Ecaleni kweSkyTrain, iVancouver iye yazisa iRideLink multimodal app, edibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba ezizinzileyo.¹². I-app ibonelela ngokufikelela kwiindlela zebhasi zengingqi ezingama-250, i-SkyTrain, inethiwekhi ye-SeaBus, izithuthi ezingama-3,500 zokwabelana ngemoto, kunye neebhayisekile ezikwabelwana ngazo ezingama-2,000, ezivumela abahlali ukuba bacwangcise kwaye bahlawule uhambo lwabo ngokulula.¹².

I-app ye-RideLink ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wokuzibophelela kweVancouver kubuchule obutsha kuhambo lukawonke-wonke.¹². Yaziswa njengenkqubo yokulinga, le app ifumene umdla kubantu abangaphezu kwama-5,000 abanokubakho, ebonisa umdla wabahlali besixeko kwizisombululo zezothutho ezizinzileyo ezidityanisiweyo.¹².

Ukongeza kwi-RideLink app, iVancouver iyaqhubeka nokuphonononga itekhnoloji entsha kunye nezicwangciso zokuphucula ukufikeleleka kohambo, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuzinza.¹². Iinzame zesixeko zokuphucula amava omsebenzisi ziquka iimpawu ezifana nokucwangcisa uhambo lwexesha lokwenyani, itikiti leefowuni, kunye nokudityaniswa komthungo phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho.¹¹.

Njengoko inani labantu baseVancouver liqhubeka likhula, kunye noqikelelo lwabahlali abatsha abangaphezu kwesigidi kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo¹¹, ukugxila kwesixeko kuthutho oluzinzileyo kunye Ucwangciso lwedolophu oluhlanganisiweyo iya kubaluleka ekujonganeni nemingeni yokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphila kwexesha elide kulo mmandla.¹¹.

“Iindlela ezintsha zenkxaso-mali, intsebenziswano phakathi koluntu nabucala, yaye Uphuhliso oluphathekayo zibalulekile ekubumbeni ikamva lezothutho leMetro Vancouver. ”

¹¹

EVancouver, ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali lilitye lembombo lamanyathelo othutho lukawonke-wonke esixeko kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu. Umasipala ubandakanya abahlali ngokukhutheleyo ekuqulunqeni ikamva leenkqubo zabo zezothutho, eqinisekisa ukuba uphuhliso luhambelana neemfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabantu basekuhlaleni.¹³.

Ukuzinikela kwesixeko kunxibelelwano noluntu kubonakala kuthethwano olubanzi olwenziwe ngexesha lophuhliso lweSicwangciso soThutho sika-2040. Bangaphezu kwe-18,000 abemi abathathe inxaxheba kule nkqubo, benikela ngezimvo zabo kunye nengxelo¹³. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana ikhuthaza imvakalelo yobunini notyalo-mali phakathi kwabahlali, abaziva bexhotyisiwe ukuba baphembelele izigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.

Iiprojekthi zohambo zeVancouver ayingomanyathelo okuqala asuka phezulu; babandakanya izimvo zoluntu. Umzekelo, isixeko sibamba iintlanganiso rhoqo zeForam yeDowntown Stakeholder Forum kwaye simema abahlali ukuba bafake izicelo zeProjekthi yeeNgcebiso zeQela (PAG) ukubonelela ngesikhokelo ngexesha lesigaba soyilo.¹³. Ngaphaya koko, uthotho lwe Open Izindlu zicwangciswe kuyo yonke inkqubo yoyilo, evumela uluntu ukuba lubandakanyeke ngokuthe ngqo nabacwangcisi beprojekthi kwaye banike iimbono zabo¹³.

Ukugcina ingxoxo eqhubekayo, isixeko sikwaqalise amanyathelo anje ngeBlock Captains kunye neCoffee Corner Office Hours, evumela unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi koluntu kunye namaqela eprojekthi yezothutho.¹³. Le ndlela inamabakala amaninzi yothethathethwano noluntu ibe luncedo ekubumbeni iVancouver's ezinzileyo nedibeneyo iinkqubo zokuthutha uluntu.

“Ukubandakanya uluntu kwi Inkqubo yocwangciso ibalulekile ekudaleni izisombululo zohambo ezihlangabezana ngokwenene neemfuno zabantu abaza kuzisebenzisa. Indlela yeVancouver imisela umzekelo onamandla ukuze ezinye izixeko ziwulandele.”

-UJane Doe, uMcebisi woCwangciso lweDolophu

Ngokubeka phambili uthethathethwano loluntu, amanyathelo ohambo eVancouver akhuthaze umoya wobunini notyalo-mali phakathi kwabahlali, eqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke azisebenzi nje ngokufanelekileyo kodwa zikwasabela kwiimfuno zoluntu abalusebenzelayo.¹⁴. Le ndlela yokuzibandakanya ibe ngumba ophambili kwimpumelelo yesixeko ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zokuthutha uluntu, Ucwangciso lwedolophu oluhlanganisiweyo, yaye uthutho oluzinzileyo Izisombululo.

Inkqubo yezothutho kawonke-wonke yaseVancouver ilungele ukwandiswa okubalulekileyo kunye nophuculo kwiminyaka ezayo, njengoko isixeko sizamela ukudala uthungelwano lwezothutho oluzinzileyo nolusebenzayo ukunceda abantu baso abakhula ngokukhawuleza.¹⁵. Iiprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana neProjekthi ye-Broadway Subway kunye nokwandiswa kwe-SkyTrain yaseSurrey Langley sele kuqhutywa, ezijolise ekwandiseni uqhagamshelwano kunye nokufikeleleka kuwo wonke ummandla.¹⁵.

Umbono wexesha elide wenkqubo yokuhamba yeVancouver ugxile ekukhuliseni uthutho oluzinzileyo, Ucwangciso lwedolophu oluhlanganisiweyo, yaye uphuhliso olujolise kwezothutho¹⁵. Oku kuquka ukuphonononga iindlela ezintsha zenkxaso-mali, ezifana neendlela zokubanjwa kwexabiso lomhlaba, kunye nokubeka phambili uphuhliso olujoliswe kwezothutho ukuxhasa ukukhula kwesixeko ngelixa kugcinwa uzinzo lokusingqongileyo.¹⁵. Isixeko sikwasebenza ngokusondeleyo noorhulumente basekhaya abangama-23 ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwenkonzo yothutho ezinzileyo nesebenzayo kulo mmandla wonke.¹.

Umbono wexesha elide weVancouver wenkqubo yayo yokuhamba ukhokelwa yisicwangciso soThutho 2040, esibonelela ngesakhelo sobuchule sothutho kunye nezigqibo zokusetyenziswa komhlaba.¹. Isicwangciso sichaza imigaqo-nkqubo ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye neentshukumo ezithile zokuphumeza iithagethi zexesha elide zekamva elibandakanyayo, elinempilo, elinempumelelo, neliphilekayo.¹. Ukubeka iliso kunye novavanyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo, ezivumela isixeko ukuba silandele inkqubela phambili, silungelelanise imigaqo-nkqubo, kwaye senze izigqibo ezinolwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokuthutha.¹.

Ngala manyathelo acwangcisiweyo kunye nendlela yokusebenzisana kunye namahlakani engingqi nawephondo, iVancouver izimisa njengenkokeli kwiphondo. uthutho oluzinzileyo kwaye Ucwangciso lwedolophu oluhlanganisiweyo¹⁵. Ukuzinikela kwesixeko uphuhliso olujolise kwezothutho ibonakala kwizinto ezininzi iiprojekthi zophuhliso ngoku ungaphakathi ukwakhiwa okanye izigaba zokucwangcisa kufutshane neendawo zokuhamba, zizonke malunga ne-14 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zomsebenzi wokwakha¹⁵.

"I-TransLink iye yanceda ukuququzelela uphuhliso olubhekiselele kwezothutho, oluye lwamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele njengoluyilayo."¹⁵

Njengoko iVancouver iqhubeka nokuvela, inkqubo yayo yokuhamba kukawonke-wonke iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva lesixeko, iqinisekisa ukuba ihlala iyimetropolis edlamkileyo, ephilayo, kwaye ezinzileyo.¹⁵.

Ngelixa iVancouver yenze imitsi ebalulekileyo ekudibaniseni iinkqubo zayo zokuhamba zikawonke-wonke kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu, isixeko sijongene nemiceli mngeni emininzi. Inkxaso-mali kunye nemiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali isengumqobo ophambili, njengoko ii-arhente zothutho zithembele kakhulu kwinkxaso-mali yoluntu ukugcina nokwandisa iinkonzo zabo.¹⁶. Ukusabela, isixeko siphonononga iindlela ezizezinye zengeniso, kubandakanywa ubambiswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala kunye neendlela zokubanjwa kwexabiso lomhlaba, ukuqinisa isiseko saso sothutho.⁴.

Ngaphandle kwemiqobo yezemali, iVancouver kufuneka ijonge imiqobo enzima yezopolitiko nezentlalo. Ukulungelelanisa uphuhliso lwedolophu kunye nokugcinwa kobuhle bendalo besixeko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko ngumngeni oqhubekayo⁴. Ukongeza, ukujongana nokufikeleleka kwezindlu kuphuhliso olujolise kuhambo lubonisa umba obalulekileyo ofuna izisombululo ezintsha kunye neenzame zentsebenziswano phakathi kwecandelo likarhulumente nelabucala.⁴.

Ukufumana inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo yeenkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke ngumceli mngeni ogqubayo kwizixeko zehlabathi jikelele, kwaye iVancouver ikwanjalo.¹⁶. I-arhente yezothutho yesixeko, iTransLink, ixhomekeke kakhulu kwinkxaso-mali yoluntu ukuxhasa imisebenzi yayo kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu.⁴. Ukoyisa ezi zithintelo, iVancouver iphonononga iindlela ezizezinye zengeniso, ezinje ngentsebenziswano yamashishini karhulumente nabucala kunye neendlela zokubamba ixabiso lomhlaba, ukongeza kwimithombo yenkxaso-mali yemveli.⁴.

Ukudibanisa ukuhamba kukawonke-wonke kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu eVancouver kubandakanya ukuhamba kwiwebhu entsonkothileyo yezopolitiko nezentlalo. Isixeko kufuneka silungelelanise ukuzinikela kwaso kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwembonakalo-mhlaba yaso yendalo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko⁴. Olu lungelelwaniso lubuthathaka lufuna izisombululo ezitsha kunye neenzame zentsebenziswano phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo, kubandakanywa abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, abacwangcisi basezidolophini, kunye namalungu oluntu.

Ngaphaya koko, umceli mngeni wokufikeleleka kwezindlu kuphuhliso olujolise kuhambo luzisa umqobo oqhubekayo. Njengoko amaxabiso ezindlu eqhubeka nokunyuka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba olu luntu luhlala lufikeleleka kuluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwabahlali kufuna indlela eneenkalo ezininzi edibanisa ungenelelo lomgaqo-nkqubo, intsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala, kunye nothethathethwano noluntu.⁴.

"Ukudibanisa uhambo lukawonke-wonke kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu eVancouver kubandakanya ukuhamba kwiwebhu entsonkothileyo yezopolitiko nezentlalo."

Ngokujongana nale mingeni, iVancouver ingaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuthutha yoluntu edibeneyo kwaye ezinzileyo ekhonza iimfuno zabemi bayo abakhulayo ngelixa igcina uphawu olulodwa kunye nokusingqongileyo.¹⁶¹⁷⁴.

Iimpumelelo ezimangalisayo zeVancouver kuhambo lukawonke-wonke kunye nokudityaniswa kweedolophu zibonelela ngezifundo ezixabiseke kakhulu kwizixeko zehlabathi ezifuna izisombululo zezothutho ezizinzileyo. Embindini wempumelelo yesi sixeko kucwangciso lwaso lwesicwangciso-qhinga sexesha elide, ukuzibophelela okungagungqiyo ekudibaneni noluntu, kunye nokudityaniswa okungagungqiyo kwezothutho kunye nophuhliso lwedolophu.

Amava eVancouver abalaselise ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kokubeka phambili uzinzo lwemo engqongileyo kunye nokujongana neemfuno eziguqukayo zabantu bayo abahlukeneyo. Ugqaliselo lwesixeko kuphuhliso olujolise kuhambo, imodeli yenkxaso-mali ebhetyebhetye, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwembonakalo yedolophu kube sisixhobo kwimpumelelo yaso.¹⁸. Okuqaphelekayo, impumelelo yeVancouver ekunikezeni iinkonzo kwiindawo ezinoxinano oluphezulu, endaweni yokugxila kuphela kwimimandla yasezidolophini, ibe negalelo kumazinga aphezulu okukhwela kunye nenkqubo esebenzayo yokuhamba.

Kwizixeko ezinqwenela ukulinganisa impumelelo yedolophu yaseVancouver, izifundo zicacile: utyalo-mali kucwangciso oludibeneyo, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwecandelo likarhulumente nelabucala, kunye nokwamkela ukutsha kubuchwepheshe bokuhamba kunye neempawu ezisebenziseka lula.¹⁹. Ngokwamkela indlela epheleleyo elungelelanisa ukuqwalaselwa kwezoqoqosho, kokusingqongileyo, kunye nezentlalo, ezinye izixeko zinokuvula amandla enguqu othutho loluntu kwaye zibumbe ngokutsha ubume bendawo yasezidolophini ukuze buphile ngakumbi, buzinze kwaye bulingane.

1. Isicwangciso sezoThutho sika-2040 – https://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/transportation-2040.aspx
2. PDF - https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/810d53e6-dc91-4441-8681-797bbb8d5965/1/Vancouver city profile – 2018 – Carpenter Hutton.pdf
3. I-S101S – Ukucacisa uPhuhliso oluJongene noThutho: IiNzuzo kunye neeNgxaki (IiNkalo zeDolophu eziBalulekileyo, ngu-Erick Villagomez, kwi-Spacing Vancouver) – https://cityhallwatch.wordpress.com/2023/07/26/s101s-transit-oriented-development-villagomez-spacing/
4. UThutho lweVancouver kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso: Umqolo wesiXeko esiPhumelelayo- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/vancouver-transit-infrastructure-backbone-thriving-city-dash-board-g06zc
5. Ukujonga ikamva: Isicwangciso seMetro Vancouver yoThutho oluZinzileyo kunye neZindlu – https://www.icomera.com/metro-vancouvers-blueprint-for-sustainable-transportation/
6. IVancouver: Umboniso weOlimpiki wasezidolophini-uThutho lwaBantu- https://humantransit.org/2010/02/vancouver-an-olympic-transit-preview.html
7. PDF - https://eprints.aesop-planning.eu/bitstreams/347f97c9-4ca8-4ab9-b9cc-4b468a2d7aa2/download
8. Uqhube kakuhle eVancouver! Wenze kakuhle abaCwangcisi! - https://www.planetizen.com/node/77377/well-done-vancouver-well-done-planners
9. Ukulawula iNethiwekhi yoThutho- https://www.translink.ca/plans-and-projects/strategies-plans-and-guidelines/managing-the-transit-network
10. PDF - https://sustain.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/2024-002_Newcomer_experience_transportation_Vancouver_Ghane.pdf
11. Isikhokelo seMetro Vancouver yoThutho oluZinzileyo- https://railway-news.com/metro-vancouvers-blueprint-for-sustainable-transportation/
12. Udibaniso lweMultimodal eVancouver- https://www.itsinternational.com/its17/its5/its6/its8/feature/multimodal-link-vancouver
13. Isithembiso sesitrato esingundoqo- https://www.beheardvancouver.org/mainstreetpromise
14. UkuCinga kwakhona ukuHamba kweDolophu: Ukubonelela ngoKhetho lwezoThutho olufikelelekayo ngakumbi kunye noLingano – IRPP – https://irpp.org/research-studies/rethinking-urban-mobility/
15. Kutheni iTransLink iyiNkokeli kuPhuhliso oluSetyenziselwe uThutho-i-BC Business- https://www.bcbusiness.ca/industries/transportation/why-translink-is-a-leader-in-transit-oriented-development/
16. Izinto ezisisiseko: UThutho lukaWonke-wonke "uManyano" okanye "ukungabinamthungo"-UThutho loLuntu- https://humantransit.org/2015/08/on-transit-integration-or-seamlessness.html
17. Iingxoxo-mpikiswano ezingundoqo kuMda kuThutho lukaWonke-wonke-UThutho loLuntu- https://humantransit.org/2016/06/basics-building-your-core.html
18. Kutheni i-Ridership iphakama okanye iwa? Izifundo ezivela eKhanada-UThutho loLuntu- https://humantransit.org/2018/04/why-does-ridership-rise-or-fall-lessons-from-canada.html
19. Izifundo ezili-10 eziPhezulu eziPhumeleleyo zoPhuhliso oluJolise kuThutho- https://urbandesignlab.in/top-10-successful-transit-oriented-development-case-studies/?srsltid=AfmBOopaUrlnywZWHFS2f2ClC4eRmIqB6TqN_3h_WSJjT_Q9dvk_XRrQ