Ukuyila uxinaniso: iVancouver iKhokela njani indlela kwiidolophu ezinokuPhila

Vancouver ihlale ibekwa njengenye yezona ndawo ziphilayo emhlabeni imizi, ukulungelelanisa ukuxinana kwedolophu kunye nokuzinza kwaye mgangatho wobomi¹. Indlela yesixeko kwi ucwangciso lwedolophu, eyaziwa ngokuba yiVancouverism, igxile ekudaleni a emzini kwindawo apho abantu banokusebenza, badlale kwaye bathenge¹. Le filosofi ibangele ukubukeka kwesixeko esisodwa esidibanisa iindawo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo kunye noluntu oludlamkileyo lwenqanaba lesitrato, olubanzi. izithuba eziluhlaza, kwaye iyasebenza Ukuhanjiwa kawonke-wonke iinkqubo¹.

• IVancouver I-SkyTrain Inkqubo yemetro yeyona nkqubo yemetro yedolophu inkulu ehlabathini, ikhula ngokuqhubekayo okoko yaqalayo ngo-1986.¹.
• Okokuqala ukwakhiwa ixabiso le I-SkyTrain Inkqubo yayimalunga nesiqingatha senkqubo yemetro yemveli ngenxa yezakhiwo zesikhululo ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nezikhokelo eziphakamileyo.¹.
• Kwidolophu yaseVancouver uyilo Ibonisa iindawo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo kumbindi wedolophu-ekufuphi neendawo zokuhlala, ezinegalelo kwindawo ehambayo kunye neyoqoqosho lwedolophu¹.
• Inyathelo le-EcoDensity Initiative, elasungulwa ngo-2006, lijolise ekwandiseni ingxinano kwiindawo ezisezidolophini eziphantsi neziphakathi ecaleni kweepaseji zezothutho.².
• IVancouver ucwangciso lwedolophu ifilosofi, iVancouverism, igxininisa ukuqonda kwe-eco kunye nokukhula ngokuthe nkqo ngelixa idibanisa uphuhliso olujolise kuhambo.¹.

IVancouver, indawo edlamkileyo yedolophu kunxweme olusentshona lweCanada, kudala yamkelwa ngokuphila kwayo okukhethekileyo.³. Abemi besi sixeko bangama-631,486³ Iphawulwe ngokwakheka kweentlanga ezahlukeneyo, kunye namaKhanada aseYurophu (46.2%), amaTshayina (27.7%), kunye namanye amaqela anjengabantu base-Asiya baseMzantsi, abantu bakwiiPhilippines, kunye nama-Asiya akuMzantsi-mpuma aquka inxalenye enkulu yabemi.³. Ngeminyaka ephakathi ye-39.9³ kunye nengeniso ephakathi ye-65,327 yeedola³, eVancouver uyilo lweedolophini ibeka phambili i impilo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwabahlali bayo.

indlela Vancouver ukuba ucwangciso lwedolophu kwaye uyilo luyathakazelelwa ngokubanzi, njengoko lujolise ekudaleni isixeko esinganqwenelekiyo kuphela kodwa sisebenza kakhulu kwaye sizinzileyo.³. Ithatha indawo ye-114 square kilometers³, ubume bedolophu yedolophu kunye iziseko zenzelwe ukukhuthaza umgangatho ophezulu mgangatho wobomi kubemi bayo.

Ukuphila kwimeko yedolophu kubandakanya uluhlu lwezinto, ukusuka kukhuseleko lomzimba kunye noqhagamshelwano lwentlalo ukuya kumathuba oqoqosho kunye ukugcinwa kwendalo³. Ukuzinikela kweVancouver kuyilo olugqwesileyo lwasezidolophini kubangele isixeko esihlala sihlala siphakathi kwezona ndawo ziphilayo emhlabeni, njengoko kungqinwa yindawo yaso yesihlanu kwiGlobal Liveability Index ka-2022.⁴. Ngokubeka phambili izinto ezifana Ukuhanjiwa kawonke-wonke, luhlaza zithuba, yaye uphuhliso oluxubeneyo, Vancouver uye wadala echumayo, ebandakanyayo, kwaye uluntu oluzinzileyo.

Ngelixa impilo yeVancouver yamkelwa ngokubanzi, isixeko sikwajongene nemingeni enxulumene nokufikeleleka kwezindlu.⁴, kunye namaxabiso epropathi kwi Khanada inyuke nge-20% kwilizwe lonke ngo-2021⁴. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzibophelela kweVancouver kucwangciso lwedolophu kunye ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali iyaqhubeka ukubumba isidima sayo njengemodeli yezixeko ezinokuhlalwa kwihlabathi jikelele.

"IVancouver kudala yamkelwa ngokuphila kwayo okukhethekileyo, igxile ekugqweseni koyilo lwedolophu kunye nokuzinikela ekudaleni uluntu olukhulayo, olubandakanyayo noluzinzileyo."

Njengenkokeli ezinzileyo ucwangciso lwedolophu³, Indlela yeVancouver kwi ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali³ kwaye uyilo oluzinzileyo³ iye yaba ngumzekelo kwezinye izixeko zehlabathi.

Ucwangciso lwedolophu yaseVancouver lufumene ukuqondwa kwihlabathi jikelele ngenkqubo yalo entsha yoyilo lwesixeko. IVancouverism, isimbo esahlukileyo uphuhliso lwedolophu, ibe ngumzekelo wokuvuselelwa kwesixeko esisembindini kwihlabathi jikelele⁵. Imigaqo yocwangciso yesi sixeko, ehambelana nemibono yesazi sasezidolophini esaziwayo uJane Jacobs, sibeka phambili iindawo ezivulekileyo, amakhonkco aluhlaza, kunye neendawo ezinobuhlobo kubahambi ngeenyawo.⁵.

Imbonakalo yedolophu yaseVancouver ichazwa luthungelwano olubanzi lwe izithuba eziluhlaza kunye neepaki. Ukusuka kwi-iconic Stanley Park ukuya kwiibhanti eziluhlaza ezinxibelelanisa ubumelwane obahlukeneyo, isixeko sidityaniswe ngaphandle komthungo. indalo kuyo indawo eyakhelweyo⁵. Oku kuzibophelela ekulondolozeni nasekomelezeni imimandla eluhlaza akuphuculanga nje ukubukeka kobuhle besixeko kodwa kukwanegalelo ekuphileni kwaso ngokubanzi.⁵.

Ukukhusela lilitye lembombo loyilo lwedolophu yaseVancouver. Iindawo ezixineneyo zesi sixeko, njengeWest End, ziyilelwe ukuba zilungele ukuhamba ngeenyawo, zikhuthaza abahlali ukuba bajonge indawo ebangqongileyo ngeenyawo.⁶. Oku kugxininiswa ukuhambahamba kukhokelele kuluntu oludlamkileyo, oluqhagamshelwe kakuhle, apho izibonelelo, iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye neendawo zokuhamba zifikeleleka ngokulula.⁶.

Imbonakalo yedolophu yaseVancouver iphawulwa kukwanda kwe uphuhliso oluxubeneyo, ezidibanisa iindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa⁵. Le ndlela idityanisiweyo yocwangciso lwasezidolophini ikhuthaze uluntu olwahlukeneyo noluzinzileyo, apho abahlali banokuhlala khona, basebenze, kwaye badlale kwindawo enye, emanyeneyo. indawo⁵.

Ukuzinikela kwesixeko kwiindawo eziluhlaza, ukuhambahamba, yaye uphuhliso oluxubeneyo kukhokelele kwimbonakalo yedolophu eyahlukileyo elinganayo ubomi obuxinene kakhulu ngoyilo lwabantu⁵. Le ndlela yokujongana nayo yonke into izuze iVancouver ukuqondwa ngokubanzi njengenkokeli yehlabathi kuyilo lwesixeko oluphilekayo⁵⁷.

"IVancouverism ithembisa ukwanelisa iphulo lokuba kufutshane nendalo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zasedolophini ngaxeshanye."⁵

IVancouver iye yamkela iindlela ezintsha zokujongana nemingeni ye ukuxinana kwedolophu. Isibhakabhaka sesixeko sineendawo ezininzi zokuhlala eziphakamileyo, ngakumbi kwindawo ekufutshane nedolophu, ebonisa indawo yokuhlala. ukuqaliswa of ukuhlala nkqo ngcamango⁸. Nangona kunjalo, iVancouver ikwabonisa ukuba ukuxinana okuphezulu kunokufezekiswa ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuphela kwi-skyscrapers, njengoko kubonwa kwi-West End's mid-rise. izakhiwo eyenza enye yezona ndawo zixineneyo zaseMntla Melika ngelixa igcina isikali somntu⁹.

ukuzibophelela Vancouver ukuba ukuhlala nkqo kubonakala kuphuhliso lweendawo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo, eziye zanceda ukuhlangabezana nokwanda kwabemi besi sixeko.¹⁰. Ezi projekthi zintsha aziboneleli kuphela ngezisombululo zezindlu ezifanelekileyo kodwa ziyadibanisa uyilo oluzinzileyo iimpawu kunye nezinto eziluncedo zoluntu, zibenza zibe nomtsalane kwaye ziphile iinketho kubahlali⁸.

Ngaphandle ukuhlala nkqo, IVancouver ikwamkele ingcamango ye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okuguquguqukayo, ukulungisa ngokutsha izakhiwo esele zikhona ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno eziguquguqukayo zesixeko¹⁰. Le ndlela yokufundisa ayinciphisi inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo kuphela kodwa ikwagcina isimilo nembali yembonakalo yedolophu, inegalelo kwidolophu ezinzileyo nedlamkileyo.⁸.

"Ukuzibophelela kweVancouver kwizisombululo ezintsha zokuxinana kuguqule isibhakabhaka sesixeko kunye nembonakalo yedolophu, ebonisa ukuba ubomi obuxineneyo bunozinzo kwaye buphile."

Ngokwamkela iingcamango eziphilayo ezithe nkqo kunye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okuguquguqukayo, IVancouver imisele imodeli yezinye izixeko ezifuna ukujongana nemingeni ye ukuxinana kwedolophu ngelixa ugcina uphezulu mgangatho wobomi kubahlali⁸¹⁰⁹.

UAlexandra Steed, i-masterplanner eyaziwayo yoyilo lwedolophu, isandula ukuseka iofisi yaseVancouver ngo-2024¹¹. Inkampani yakhe, I-Alexandra Steed Uyilo lweDolophu, kulindeleke ukuba ifake isandla kakhulu kwiVancouver eqhubekayo uphuhliso lwedolophu. Ngelixa iiprojekthi ezithile zisaza kuchazwa, ubuchwephesha beSteed kuyilo lwedolophu oluzinzileyo noluphila luhambelana nombono weVancouver wokukhula nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.

UAlexandra Steed ngumntu ohlonitshwa kakhulu kwintsimi ye uyilo olubalaseleyo lwedolophu. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 yamava kuhlaziyo lomhlaba kunye neenkqubo zoyilo lwegadi, ngakumbi kwingingqi yaseMpuma nakuMbindi Yurophu.¹², I-Steed iphuhlise ukuqonda okunzulu ekudaleni iindawo zokuhlala ezihlala edolophini nezizinzileyo.

Ukuvulwa kweofisi yeVancouver ye-Alexandra Steed Urban Design ngo-2024 kuphawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo kumhlaba wocwangciso lwedolophu. I-Steed's firm izisa ubutyebi bolwazi kunye nobuchule kwitheyibhile, kugxilwe ekubandakanyweni imbonakalo-mhlaba njengento ebalulekileyo kucwangciso lwedolophu ukubonelela ngengqiqo entsha malunga nedolophu kunye nokujongana nokusilela kwezakhiwo.¹².

Ngelixa iinkcukacha ezithile zeeprojekthi ezizayo ze-Alexandra Steed Urban Design eVancouver zisaza kutyhilwa, ipotifoliyo yefemu kulindeleke ukuba ibonise ukuzibophelela kwayo kuyilo lwedolophu oluzinzileyo noluhlala luhleli. Steed's approach, egxininisa undoqo wegadi njengendawo yemidlalo yeqonga kwindawo yemetropolitan, ekhuthaza unxibelelwano nendalo kunye neenkqubo zokukhula kwendalo.¹², inokuba yinto ephambili ekubumbeni uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweVancouver.

“Imbonakalo-mhlaba Architecture njengoqeqesho oluye lwavela kwisiseko esisebenzisekayo kuyilo lwepaki kunye negadi, kunye nezinto ezintathu ezichaziweyo eziphambili kuyilo lwembonakalo yomhlaba kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo: uhlobo lwegadi yejometri, iigadi ezilungelelanisiweyo, kunye nezitiya ezibukekayo.¹²

Njengoko iVancouver iqhubeka nokulwa nemingeni ye ukukhula kwedolophu kunye nokuxinana, ubukho be I-Alexandra Steed Uyilo lweDolophu esixekweni uthembisa ukuzisa umbono omtsha kunye nezisombululo ezintsha etafileni. Ukuzinikela kwefemu kuyilo lwedolophu oluzinzileyo noluphilekayo kulindeleke ukuba ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva leVancouver njengomzekelo wezinye izixeko eziwuxelisayo.

Inkqubo yohambo ebanzi yeVancouver, exhaswa yi I-SkyTrain, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi besixeko. Njengeyona nethiwekhi yemetro enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-SkyTrain inikezela ngenkonzo ye-high-frequency kwaye yenza ukuba isixeko sikhule ngokuthe nkqo ngelixa sigcina uqhagamshelwano olukhethekileyo.¹³. IsiCwangciso sezoThutho 2040, esivunyiweyo yiBhunga lesiXeko saseVancouver ngo-2012 emva kokuzibandakanya nabemi abangaphezu kwe-18,000, ichaza umbono wesixeko wokushukumiseka okuzinzileyo nokufikelelekayo.¹³.

Ecaleni kwenethiwekhi ebanzi ye-SkyTrain, iVancouver ikhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuhamba ngebhayisikile kunye nokuhamba ngeendlela zayo ezibanzi zeebhayisekile kunye neziseko eziluncedo zabahambi ngeenyawo. Ukuphunyezwa kwesiCwangciso sokuKhuthaza uThutho oluSebenzayo kunye neSicwangciso sokuVumela (i-ATPEP) ngo-2016 kuye kwakhuthaza ngakumbi amalinge angengawo amaziko okuxhasa iindlela zothutho ezisebenzayo.¹³. Uvavanyo lwePhaneli yezoThutho yonyaka, kunye neengxelo ezifumanekayo ukusuka ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2021, zibonelele ngezimvo ezixabisekileyo kwiipatheni zokuhamba eziguqukayo kunye nezabelo zemowudi zabahlali baseVancouver.¹³.

Ingxelo yesaveyi yephaneli yowama-2020, uxwebhu olubanzi lwe-6 MB, luveze utshintsho olubalulekileyo kumhlaba wezothutho wesixeko, kubandakanya nokunyuka kohambo lokuhamba ukuya kwi-28% yesabelo semowudi, ukusuka kwi-26% ngo-2021, kunye nokufunyanwa kufutshane komthamo webhayisikile ukuya. I-7% yesabelo semowudi¹⁴. Ngokwengingqi, abakhweli bothutho bafumene i-82%, ekhokela indlela xa kuthelekiswa nezixeko zoontanga zaseMntla Melika, ngelixa eVancouver, isabelo sendlela yohambo sinyuke saya kutsho kwi-16%, kunye nohambo olongezelelweyo lwemihla ngemihla lwe-48,000 xa kuthelekiswa no-2021¹⁴.

Ukuzinikela kwesiXeko kuhambo oluzinzileyo kubonakaliswa ngokusungulwa kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zikawonke-wonke, njengeeplaza zikawonke-wonke ezingama-24, iipaki ezili-13, neepaki ezili-12 zeenkonzo zentlalo-ntle, ezilondolozwe siSixeko kunye namagosa oluntu, kwakunye nokuvumela i-1,500 leemitha kumda osecaleni kwendlela. iipatios ngo-2023 kunye nokukhutshwa kweemvume zeminyhadala ekhethekileyo engama-312 ngo-2022¹⁴.

Ukuphunyezwa koThutho lwe-2040 lubeka phambili ukuxhaswa ngemali okutsha, izisombululo zoyilo, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwabemi ukufezekisa ikamva elibandakanyayo, eliphilileyo, neliphilileyo leVancouver.¹³. Ukusebenzisana noorhulumente bommandla nowamaphondo, kunye namahlakani amaziko afana nePort Metro Vancouver kunye neSikhululo seenqwelomoya saMazwe ngaMazwe saseVancouver, kube sisixhobo ekulungelelaniseni amaqhinga othutho abanzi kunye nokwandisa umthamo wokuthwala kunye nabakhweli.¹³.

ukuzibophelela Vancouver ukuba Ukuhanjiwa kawonke-wonke, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, nokuhamba, kunye nokugxila kwayo ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali kunye namanyathelo azinzileyo, abeke isixeko njengomzekelo ohamba phambili wokuphila nokufikeleleka kuyilo lwedolophu.¹³.

EVancouver, idolophu yedolophu Inkqubo yocwangciso igxininisa ukusebenza ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali. Iiprojekthi zocwangciso lobumelwane zibandakanya abahlali ekubumbeni ikamva loluntu lwabo, bekhuthaza imvakalelo yobunini kunye nokuzingca.¹⁵. Le ndlela yokuthatha inxaxheba ikhokelele kumanyathelo ayimpumelelo afana nezitiya zoluntu, ufakelo lobugcisa boluntu, kunye neeprojekthi zophuculo eziqhutywa ekuhlaleni.¹⁵.

The ucwangciso loluntu Inkqubo eVancouver iqhutywa ngezigaba ezine: UkuQaliswa, iSicwangciso kunye nokuveliswa koMgaqo-nkqubo, iSicwangciso esiYilwayo, kunye nokuVunywa kweSicwangciso.¹⁵. Ukususela ngowama-2010 ukuya kowama-2011, iinzame zenziwe zokuphucula le nkqubo ngokulungelelanisa imiceli mngeni yesixeko ngokubanzi kunye neembono zasekuhlaleni kunye nokuphucula uthethathethwano noluntu.¹⁵. Oku kube nesiphumo sokubandakanya ngakumbi kunye nokusabela uphuhliso lwedolophu Isicwangciso.

Omnye umzekelo ophawulekayo sisicwangciso soluntu saseGrandview-Woodland, esaphehlelelwa ngoMeyi 11, 2012, noluntu. Ukuxoxa ngamabali isiganeko¹⁵. A ucwangciso loluntu Ukhuphiswano lweefoto luye lwabanjelwa eGrandview-Woodland, eMarpole, naseWest End ngoMeyi 31, 2012, nabaphumeleleyo abali-18 abaza kunyulwa.¹⁵. La manyathelo abonisa ukuzibophelela kweVancouver ekubandakanyeni abahlali kwinkqubo yokucwangcisa kunye nokuthatha iimbono zabo ezizodwa.

Ngaphezu koko, yesixeko ucwangciso loluntu iinzame zidlulela ngaphaya kobumelwane obubodwa. Embindini koo-1990, isiXeko saseVancouver savuma inkqubo yoCwangciso lweNdawo yeNgingqi (LAP) ekuphenduleni ukukhula noxinzelelo lophuhliso, kwaye ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, Inkqubo yeMibono yoLuntu yaphehlelelwa ukubandakanya iindawo zokuhlala zosapho olunye ngaphandle kweSicwangciso soMmandla weNdawo¹⁵. Ezi dolophu ngokubanzi ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu amalinge abe luncedo ekubumbeni iVancouver's uphuhliso lwedolophu kunye nokuphucula ukuphila.

“Ukuzibandakanya koluntu ucwangciso lwedolophu ibonakaliswa yi-50% yeendleko zeFasterCapital kwiinkonzo zophuhliso lobugcisa. "¹⁶

Ngokubandakanya abahlali abakhutheleyo kwinkqubo yokucwangcisa, iVancouver iye yakwazi ukudala uluntu oludlamkileyo, oluphilayo olubonisa iimfuno kunye nolangazelelo lwabemi bendawo.¹⁵. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana ucwangciso loluntu ibe luphawu lwesicwangciso sophuhliso lwedolophu esizinzileyo nesiqukayo¹⁵.

Vancouver ingqalelo kwi ucwangciso loluntu kwaye ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu ibe ngumqhubi ophambili wempumelelo yesixeko ekudaleni ubume bemeko yedolophu obuhlalayo nozinzileyo¹⁵. Ngokubandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo abahlali kwinkqubo yocwangciso, isixeko sikwazile ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezintsha ezihlangabezana neemfuno kunye neminqweno eyodwa. uluntu lwasekuhlaleni¹⁵. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana uphuhliso lwedolophu isebenza njengomzekelo wezinye izixeko ezifuna ukomeleza ukuphila kunye nokukhuthaza uvakalelo oluqinileyo kuluntu.

IVancouver iye yavela njengenkokeli yehlabathi kwi uzinzo lwedolophu, ukuphumeza uluhlu olubanzi lwamanyathelo okuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla, ezizinzileyo Ulawulo lwamanzi, yaye Ukunciphisa inkunkuma. Ukuzinikela kwesi sixeko kuyilo lwe-eco-conscious kubonakala kubungqongqo baso isakhiwo esiluhlaza imigangatho, utyalo-mali kwi umoya ovuselelekayo iiprojekthi, kunye neendlela ezintsha zamanzi nokugcinwa kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma¹⁷.

IVancouver ibeke iithagethi ezinqwenelekayo zokufezekisa i-100% yamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2050, kwaye isixeko sisendleleni eya ekufezekiseni le njongo.¹⁸. Ngaphezulu kwe-95% yombane waseVancouver sele unikezelwe yimithombo evuselelekayo, kunye ne-hydroelectricity accounting ngaphezulu kwe-90%¹⁸. IsiXeko saseVancouver sikwagunyazise ukuba zonke izakhiwo ezitsha kufuneka zisebenzise amandla kwaye zingathathi hlangothi ngo-2030, zibonisa ukuzinikela kwayo uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo¹⁸.

Ukuqaphela i ukubaluleka wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngenkathalo kunye Ukunciphisa inkunkuma, IVancouver iphumeze amanyathelo amaninzi okujongana nale mingeni ibalulekileyo yokuzinza. Isixeko sizidla ngokuba yenye yezona ndawo zisezantsi ngomntu ngamnye ukukhutshwa kwegesi naso nasiphi na isixeko esikhulu kuMntla Melika¹⁸, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabahlali bayo bahlala ngaphakathi kohambo lwemizuzu emi-5 yeendawo eziluhlaza, malunga ne-18% yesixeko ilihlathi lasezidolophini.¹⁸. Inkqubo ebanzi yolawulo lwenkunkuma yeVancouver igxile ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha, ekufakeni umgquba, nasekucutheni inkunkuma yokulahla inkunkuma, inegalelo kudumo lwayo njengenkokeli kwimisebenzi yasezidolophini ezinzileyo.¹⁷.

La manyathelo ozinzo aqhutywa siSicwangciso sokuSebenza seSixeko esinamabhongo seGreenest City, esibeka usukelo lokuphucula. ukusebenza kwamandla, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lwamanzi nenkunkuma¹⁷. Esi sicwangciso sibone inkqubela ebonakalayo, ngaphezulu kwe-80% yezenzo eziphambili ezili-125 eziphunyeziweyo phakathi kowama-2011 no-2014.¹⁷. Ukuzibophelela kwesiXeko kugcino kuqiniswe ngakumbi kukubandakanyeka kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-35,000 kuphuhliso lweSicwangciso sokuSebenza sesiXeko saseGreenest, ebonisa ukuzinikela kwesixeko kucwangciso olubandakanyayo noluthatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso sedolophu.¹⁷.

“IVancouver izibophelele ekubeni sesona sixeko siluhlaza ehlabathini, kwaye amanyathelo ethu ozinzo abubungqina baloo mbono. Siyazingca ngokuba ngabaphambili kuzinzo ezidolophini, simisela umzekelo kwizixeko zehlabathi jikelele.”

– USodolophu weVancouver¹⁸

Impumelelo yeVancouver kucwangciso lwedolophu ixhaswa yimigaqo-nkqubo yayo yenkqubela phambili kunye nolawulo. Imithetho yocando lwedolophu kunye nemimiselo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni indawo enokuhlalwa kuyo¹⁹. Le migaqo-nkqubo yocando ikhuthaza uphuhliso oluxubeneyo, ikhusela iindawo zelifa lemveli, kwaye iqinisekisa ukudityaniswa kweendawo eziluhlaza kwidolophu iphela.¹⁹.

Ngaphandle imimiselo yocando, amalinge karhulumente eVancouver ziyilelwe ukuphucula ukuphila kunye nokuzinza. Isicwangciso seVancouver kunye noYilo ngokutsha lweNkqubo yoPhuhliso ziinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili ezijolise ekudaleni isixeko esinokuphila ngakumbi, esifikelelekayo, nesizinzileyo kubo bonke abahlali.²⁰. La manyathelo agxininise kwizalathisi zoluntu zexesha elide kunye nemilinganiselo yokusebenza ukulandelela inkqubela-phambili ebhekiselele kwiinqobo ezisemgangathweni zesixeko zokuphila, ulingano nokubandakanywa, ezintsha, uzinzo kunye nokuqina, kunye nokuthembana koluntu kunye nobudlelwane²⁰.

Imithetho yezowuni yeVancouver kunye nemimiselo iluncedo ekugcineni iwonga layo njengesixeko esinokuphila. Isixeko siphuhlise iiprofayili ezibanzi ezisekwe kubalo lwabantu luka-2016, olubandakanya intlalo, uqoqosho, kunye nezalathi zedemografi zesixeko siphela kwaye nganye. ucwangciso lwengingqi indawo¹⁹. Ezi seti zedatha zineenkcukacha ezichaza izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo wesixeko kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba imimiselo yocando zilungiselelwe iimfuno ezizodwa zeengingqi ezahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza kucando olunenkqubela, urhulumente waseVancouver uphumeze amalinge awohlukeneyo ukomeleza ukuphila kwesi sixeko. IsiCwangciso-qhinga seSixeko esiPheleleyo, umzekelo, sibeka esweni iithagethi zabemi kunye nezalathisi ukuqonda inkqubela phambili impilo, ngokugxila ekuhlukaniseni idatha ukuchonga ukungalingani kwezempilo kubantu abahlukeneyo¹⁹Isixeko sikwasebenzisana ne-Partnership for Izixeko Ezisempilweni inethiwekhi yokuphuhlisa iDashboard yeSixeko esiPhilayo kunye nokufikelela kwidatha yezempilo kwinqanaba loluntu¹⁹.

Ukuzinikela kweVancouver kubulungisa kubonakaliswa ngakumbi ngeSikhokelo soBulungisa, esijolise ekudibaniseni iilensi zokulingana kuzo zonke iinkqubo, sichaza ubulungisa njengenkqubo kunye nesiphumo.¹⁹. Esi sikhokelo siquka isibhambathiso sokusebenzisa idatha ecazululiweyo ukulinganisa iziphumo ezinobulungisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abahlali, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo, bayafikelela kwimithombo yobutyebi kunye namathuba esixeko.¹⁹.

Indlela eqhutywa yidatha yesixeko nayo ibalulekile ekuphenduleni impilo yoluntu ezingxamisekileyo, ezifana nengxaki yetyhefu yeziyobisi kunye nobhubhani we-COVID-19, ngokugxila ekuqondeni ukuba ngabaphi abantu abachatshazelwa kakhulu.¹⁹. Oku kuzibophelela ekusebenziseni idatha ukwazisa izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo luphawu lwendlela yeVancouver kucwangciso lwedolophu kunye nolawulo.

“Imithetho yezowuni eqhubekayo yeVancouver kunye amalinge karhulumente bonisa ukuzinikela okunzulu ekudaleni isixeko esiphilayo, esinobulungisa, nesizinzileyo kubo bonke abahlali baso.” - Cwangciso loMmandla Ingcali

Indibaniselwano yokuqina imimiselo yocando kunye neenkqubo zikarhulumente ezicinga phambili zibe luncedo ekubumbeni isidima seVancouver njengomzekelo wezixeko ezinokuhlalwa. Ngokubeka phambili iimfuno zoluntu oluhlukeneyo kunye nokuxhamla kwizigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha, iVancouver iyaqhubeka nokubeka umgangatho wocwangciso lwedolophu kwinkulungwane yama-21.¹⁹²⁰.

Indlela entsha yeVancouver kuyilo lwasezidolophini ibonelela ngezifundo ezibalulekileyo kwizixeko zehlabathi ezijongene nazo izicwangciso zoyilo lwedolophu, ucwangciso lwesixeko mngeni, yaye uphuhliso lweedolophu zehlabathi. Impumelelo yesixeko ekulinganiseni ingxinano kunye nokuphila, ukubeka phambili ezothutho zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu kwinkqubo yocwangciso ibonelela ngesikhokelo kwabanye oomasipala.²¹.

IVancouver ibisoloko ihlelwa njengesinye sezona zixeko zinokuphila kwihlabathi, ubungqina bocwangciso lwayo olusebenzayo lwedolophu.²¹. Undoqo kule mpumelelo kukuzibophelela kwesixeko ekudaleni iindawo zokuhlala ezidlamkileyo, ezilungele abahambi ngeenyawo ezidibanisa ngokungenamthungo iindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa. Ngokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluxubeneyo kunye nokugxininisa ukuhamba kunye nokunxibelelana, iVancouver ikhuthaze imvakalelo yoluntu kwaye yaphucula umgangatho wobomi kubahlali bayo.²¹.

Enye into ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso soyilo lwedolophu yaseVancouver luthungelwano olubanzi lweendawo eziluhlaza kunye neepaki²¹. Ezi ndawo zokuzonwabisa zendalo aziboneleli nje kuphela ngamathuba olonwabo kodwa zikwanegalelo kuzinzo lwesixeko kunye nokomelela kokusingqongileyo, zimisela umzekelo kwabanye oomasipala ukuba bawulandele.

Ngaphandle kweempumelelo ezininzi, iVancouver ayikho ngaphandle kwemingeni yayo. Ubomi besi sixeko obuxinene kakhulu, ngelixa bunegalelo ekuphileni kwaso, bukhokelele kwinkxalabo malunga nokufikeleleka kwezindlu kunye nokwahlukaniswa ekuhlaleni.²¹. Ukujongana nale miba, iVancouver ivula izisombululo ezitsha, ezifana ne ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okuguquguqukayo zezakhiwo kunye nophuhliso lweengqikelelo zokuhlala ezithe nkqo ezibeka phambili uluntu kunye nezibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo²¹.

Ngaphezu koko, iinzame eziqhubekayo zeVancouver zokuphucula inkqubo yezothutho zikawonke-wonke kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhamba ngebhayisikile kunye nokuhamba kusebenza njengomzekelo kwezinye izixeko ezifuna ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwizithuthi zomntu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhamba okuzinzileyo.²². Ngokubandakanya abahlali kwinkqubo yocwangciso kunye nokuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo ekujoliswe kuyo, iVancouver iyaqhubeka nokucokisa izicwangciso zoyilo lwedolophu ukujongana neemfuno ezikhulayo zabemi bayo.

Njengoko izixeko kwihlabathi jikelele zizamana nobunzima be izicwangciso zoyilo lwedolophu, imingeni yocwangciso lwesixeko, yaye uphuhliso lweedolophu zehlabathi, Amava eVancouver abonelela ngetyala elixabisekileyo isifundo ukuze abacwangcisi basezidolophini nabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo bafunde kubo. Ngokuziqhelanisa nokusebenzisa iindlela ezinempumelelo zesixeko, ngeli lixa kujongwana nemingeni yaso eyodwa, abanye oomasipala banokuzama ukudala iindawo ezihlala iidolophu ezinokuhlala kuzo, ezizinzileyo nezinobulungisa.

"eVancouver izicwangciso zoyilo lwedolophu baye bamisela umgangatho omtsha wezixeko ekunokuhlalwa kuzo, bekhuthaza oomasipala ehlabathini lonke ukuba baphinde bacinge ngendlela yabo yocwangciso lweedolophu.”

Njengoko iVancouver iqhubeka nokubethelela isidima sayo njengenye yezona zixeko ziphila emhlabeni, abacwangcisi bedolophu sele bebumba umbono wamabhongo wekamva.²³. Ngokuzibophelela kwi Uphuhliso oluphathekayo kunye nokugxila ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kubahlali bayo, iVancouver imiselwe ukutyhila uthotho lweeprojekthi ezintsha kunye namanyathelo aza kuqinisa ngakumbi iwonga layo njengenkokeli yehlabathi kuyilo lwasezidolophini.

Olunye uphuhliso olulindelweyo kukwandiswa kweSkyTrain Millennium Line yesixeko, icandelo eliphambili lenkqubo yohambo ebanzi yeVancouver.²³. Olu lwando luya kuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nokufikeleleka, okwenza kube lula kubahlali ukuhambahamba esixekweni kunye nokufikelela kwizinto zaso ezininzi. Ukongezelela, ukuphuhliswa kwakhona kwemihlaba yaseYeriko, eyayisakuba yindawo yomkhosi, ithembisa ukwazisa uluntu oluguquguqukayo, oluxubeneyo oludibanisa ngokungenamthungo iindawo eziluhlaza, izindlu, kunye neendawo zorhwebo.

IVancouver ikwaphambili ekuphononongeni izisombululo ezintsha zasedolophini²³. Isixeko sibandakanya isixeko smart itekhnoloji, njengeenkqubo zolawulo lwezithuthi ezihambele phambili kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nokuzinza. Ngaphaya koko, iVancouver ivula indlela entsha yolwakhiwo lwezindlu zasezidolophini, izama ezinye iindlela zokuphila ezijongana neemfuno eziguqukayo zabemi bayo abahlukeneyo.²⁴. Ezi nzame, zidityaniswe nokuzibophelela okuqhubekayo kwesixeko ekugcineni iindawo zaso ezibonisa uhlaza kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhambahamba, kuqinisekisa ukuba umbono weVancouver wekamva lezixeko ezinokuhlalwa uhleli ukwincam yoyilo lwedolophu.

1. Ingqondo yeVancouverism - https://benjaminschneider.substack.com/p/the-genius-of-vancouverism
2. I-EcoDensity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoDensity
3. Esona siKhokelo sesiXeko sokuGqibela sokuHlala eVancouver, eCanada- https://smartstopselfstorage.com/about-us/our-blog/the-ultimate-city-guide-to-vancouver-canada
4. Kutheni iVancouver sesinye sezona zixeko ziphila kwihlabathi- https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/property-home/article/why-vancouver-is-one-of-the-world-s-most-liveable-cities-53pr7mzv8
5. PDF - https://escholarship.org/content/qt08x3z9d4/qt08x3z9d4_noSplash_b453fc7aaf989fc8c2e04e4edd0c0bc7.pdf?t=poq0kz
6. Esona sixeko sifanelekileyo? - https://magazine.alumni.ubc.ca/2022/spring-2022/environment-humanities/ideal-city
7. IVancouver ™ – iSithuba kwiVancouver – https://spacing.ca/vancouver/2023/03/27/vancouver/
8. Inkqubo | IForam yeZixeko ezinokuHlala – https://livablecitiesforum.com/program/
9. PLAC1602_01-80.in- https://placesjournal.org/assets/legacy/pdfs/new-urbanism-the-vancouver-model.pdf
10. Uxinaniso lwe-EcoDensity eTshintsho kwiNgxoxo yoXinano – iCandelo 1 – https://www.planetizen.com/node/25399
11. I-Microsoft Word-0033123.07- http://sustainabilitynow.com/Docs/Transportation Module2.pdf
12. I-Synergetic Urban Landscape Planning in Rotterdam Izixeko eziHlalayo ezineKhabhoni ePhantsi- https://www.academia.edu/39780106/Synergetic_Urban_Landscape_Planning_in_Rotterdam_Liveable_Low_Carbon_Cities
13. Isicwangciso sezoThutho sika-2040 – https://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/transportation-2040.aspx
14. Izitrato zaseVancouver zibona ukonyuka komthamo wokuhamba emva kobhubhani kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo yoluntu- https://vancouver.ca/news-calendar/vancouver-streets-see-increase-in-post-pandemic-travel-volumes-and-public-space-use.aspx
15. Sizicwangcisa njani iindawo zokuhlala nezizinzileyo – https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/neighbourhood-planning-projects.aspx
16. Indima yokuBandakanya koLuntu ekudaleni iziXeko eziHlalekayo-FasterCapital- https://fastercapital.com/topics/the-role-of-community-engagement-in-creating-livable-cities.html
17. IsiCwangciso sokuSebenza sesiXeko siGqirha- https://vancouver.ca/green-vancouver/greenest-city-action-plan.aspx
18. Green City: Vancouver, Canada | Amaxesha eSixeko saseGreen- https://www.greencitytimes.com/vancouver/
19. Umgaqo-nkqubo weNtlalo: uphando kunye nedatha ebhekiselele kwisixeko esinempilo kubo bonke - https://vancouver.ca/people-programs/research-and-data-toward-a-healthy-city-for-all.aspx
20. Qhinga Isicwangciso-- https://www.cityofvancouver.us/government/strategic-plan/
21. IVancouver inika ulwazi malunga nendlela yokufezekisa ukuphila, uzinzo kunye nolonwabo | Trellis - https://trellis.net/article/vancouver-offers-insights-how-achieve-livability-sustainability-and-happiness/
22. IVancouver: Ukukhula kunye nenqanaba lehlabathi- https://rennie.com/reggietanzola/posts/vancouver-growing-up-and-into-world-class-status
23. IVancouverism - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouverism
24. Kutheni abantu bekuthanda ukuhlala eCanada? - https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20231001-why-does-canada-have-three-of-the-worlds-most-liveable-cities