Imbono yeHlabathi kuLondolozo lweZityalo ezahlukeneyo ngoMfanekiso weSathelayithi

Kuthungelwano olukhulu lobomi eMhlabeni, zonke iindidi, ukusuka kwezona zinambuzane zincinane ukuya kwezona zilwanyana zanyisayo zikhulu, zidlala indima ekugcineni ulungelelwano oluthambileyo lwendalo yethu. Kodwa ngotshintsho lwemozulu, ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala, kunye nemisebenzi yabantu ehlaziya umhlaba wethu, olu lungelelwaniso lusengozini ngakumbi. Ucelomngeni lukhulu, yaye amandla ethu okusabela axhomekeke kwindlela esikuqonda ngokucacileyo ngayo oko kwenzekayo kwihlabathi elisingqongileyo.

Kulapho umfanekiso wesathelayithi ungena khona, unikezela ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili yokubona umfanekiso omkhulu. Sisesibhakabhakeni, ngoku sinokubona indlela entsonkothileyo yamahlathi, iilwandlekazi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle ngexesha lokwenyani. Umbono wesathelayithi woMhlaba usivumela ukuba sibeke iliso kwimpilo yendalo ephilayo yesijikelezi-langa sethu, sincede abalondolozi bendalo bachonge apho kufuneka ungenelelo ngamandla. Into eyayisakuba yinkalo ye-sci-fi iye yaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiinzame zethu zokukhusela ubomi eMhlabeni, sibonelela ngembono yehlabathi ngokwenene kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo.

Ukubeka iliso ekuLahlekeni kweNdawo yokuHlala kunye nokuqhekeka

Ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuqhekeka kudala kube negalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa ukulandelela olu tshintsho ngomlinganiselo omkhulu bekusoloko kulucelomngeni. Ngokuhambela phambili kweteknoloji yesathelayithi, nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu kunye nabalondolozi bendalo banako ngoku Fumana imifanekiso yesathelayithi yangoku leyo ibamba ezi nguqu ngexesha lokwenyani. Ukusuka kumahlathi ashwabeneyo ukuya kwimigxobhozo enyamalalayo, iisathelayithi zinika umbono obanzi wendlela izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ezahlukana ngayo nezinto ezihlala ziphila ngaphambili. Le datha inceda ukukhomba iindawo ezichatshazelwa kakhulu kukuqhekeka, ivumela isenzo ekujoliswe kuso ukugcina iindawo zokuhlala eziseleyo phambi kokuba kube sekusemva kwexesha.

Imifanekiso yesathelayithi ayivezi nje umonakalo kodwa ikwabalisa nangendlela i-ecosystem etshintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokufunda iipatheni zexesha elide zokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuqhekeka, iingcali zinokuchonga imimandla apho iintlobo zezilwanyana zikweyona mngcipheko mkhulu wokuba zodwa kunye nokuphela. Esi sixhobo sinamandla sivumela abalondolozi bendalo ukuba benze amacebo angcono okudibanisa iindawo zokuhlala ezicandekileyo, ukudala iipaseji zezilwanyana zasendle, kunye nokukhusela izilwanyana ezisesichengeni. Ehlabathini apho iindawo zokuhlala zinyamalala ngesantya esothusayo, imifanekiso yesathelayithi ibonelela ngendlela ebalulekileyo yokugcina izithuba zendalo ezigcina ubomi eMhlabeni.

Imephu yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokuthotywa koMhlaba

Ukwenza iimaphu zokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokonakaliswa komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni inkqubo yesijikelezi-langa sethu esihla ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko amahlathi ephela ngamazinga amangalisayo, ukukwazi ukubeka iliso kunye nokuphendula kolu tshintsho kwixesha langempela akuzange kubaluleke ngakumbi. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe ngeesathelayithi lunceda abalondolozi bendalo, oorhulumente, noluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukuba luthabathe inyathelo eliqinisekileyo lokukhusela iindawo ezisesichengeni nokubuyisela imihlaba eyonakeleyo ngaphambi kokuba lishiywe lixesha.

Enye yaloo mimandla, abantu baseSaamaka baseSuriname, bajamelana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanobom kwimimandla yookhokho babo, ngokuyintloko eyayiqhutywa kukugawulwa kwemithi. Ngembali ende yokuqina, i-Saamaka yaphendukela kwi-EOS Data Analytics, umboneleli wehlabathi jikelele we-satellite data analytics, ukunceda ukujongana nale ngxaki.

 IAmazon Heat Wave ibango uBomi beDolphin (youtube.com)

I-Amazon Heat Wave ibango i-Dolphin Live Video: Uhlalutyo lwedatha ye-EOS  Isiteshi se-YouTube.

Ngokuhlalutya imifanekiso yesathelayithi evela kwi-Sentinel-2 kunye neminye imithombo yedatha, i-EOSDA yakwazi ukukhomba kunye nokulinganisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ajikeleze indlela yasePalmeras, ebonisa ukwanda okubonakalayo kokuthotywa komhlaba kwiminyaka emibini nje. Le datha ineenkcukacha ayizange ibonise kuphela ubungakanani bentshabalalo kodwa yanika iSaamaka ubungqina obunamandla bokuxhasa umlo wabo wokulondoloza umhlaba wabo, ibancede bathethelele ukupheliswa kokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokukhusela ilifa labo lenkcubeko kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ukumaphuna iindawo eziHotspots zeZilwanyana ezahlukeneyo

Ukwenza imephu yeendawo ezihlala iibhayoloji ezahlukeneyo lelinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ezona ndawo zityebileyo ngokwebhayoloji nezisemngciphekweni. Le mimandla, inyakazela zizidalwa eziphilayo, ngokufuthi igcina iintlobo zezilwanyana ezifumaneka kwenye indawo, nto leyo ezenza zibe yeyona nto iphambili ekulondolozweni kwayo. Ngeembali kunye neyona mifanekiso yesathelayithi yamva nje, izazinzulu ziyakwazi ukulandelela ezi zidalwa zibuthathaka ukusuka emajukujukwini, zibonelela ngembono eyodwa yotshintsho ekuhambeni kwexesha. Oku kuvumela ukungenelela kwangethuba kwimimandla esemngciphekweni kwaye kunika abalondolozi bendalo idatha abayidingayo ukuze baphuhlise amacebo okugcina izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngasekupheleni kuka-2023, uMlambo i-Amazon, indlela yokuphila kwelona hlathi likhulu emhlabeni, wehlelwa yintlekele yendalo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Ewonke amahlengesi omlambo ali-155 afunyanwa efile kwiLake Tefé, kwaye kungekudala emva koko, amanye amahlengesi angama-120 afunyanwa kwiLake Coari ekufuphi. Ukusweleka kwabo kuthumele ukothuka kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, kugxininisa ubuthathaka benkqubo yendalo kunye nesidingo esikhawulezileyo sokuphanda oonobangela bale ntlekele.

I-EOS Data Analytics idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni le ntlekele yokusingqongileyo. Isebenzisa imifanekiso yesathelayithi ephucukileyo, i-EOSDA yahlalutya utshintsho kwimizila yamanzi yommandla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokufunda imifanekiso yesathelayithi ukusuka ngoSeptemba ukuya kuNovemba ka-2023, iqela liye lakwazi ukulandelela amachibi anciphayo kwaye libone iintyatyambo ezibalulekileyo ze-algal ngaselunxwemeni lweLake Tefé kunye neLake Coari. Amanqanaba amanzi aye ehlile ngokubonakalayo, kwaye i-algae, enokuthi ibe yityhefu ekulobeni, ibonise ukuba uxinzelelo oluninzi lunokuba nefuthe kwi-ecosystem.

Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lwemifanekiso ebonakalayo lubonise ukuba amanzi aye amnyama kwaye angaphantsi, kunye namaqondo okushisa angaphezulu kwe-40 degrees Celsius kwezinye iindawo. Ezi meko zinzima, zidibaniswe nokucutheka kwamanzi, zenze indawo ebulalayo yeedolphin, ezathi zavaleleka kwiindawo ezincinci apho kwakungasenakwenzeka khona ukuphila.

Ngeziphumo zabo, i-EOSDA incede ukuzisa ingqwalasela yehlabathi ekuswelekeni kweedolphin, ixhobisa iinzame zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe zokunqanda umonakalo ongakumbi kwindalo. Idatha abayinikezileyo ayichazanga nje ubungakanani bengxaki kodwa ikwavule indlela yendlela elungelelanisiweyo yokukhusela amahlengesi aseleyo kunye nendalo ebanzi yaseAmazon. 

Ukukhangela imiSebenzi engekho mthethweni kwiiNdawo eziKhuselweyo

Enoba kukuzingelwa ngokungekho mthethweni, ukugawulwa kwemithi, okanye ukwembiwa kwemigodi, ezi zinto aziphazamisi indalo yasekuhlaleni nje kuphela kodwa zikwabeka esichengeni abantu abaxhomekeke kule mihlaba. Ngokunyuka kobuchwepheshe bale mihla, imifanekiso yesathelayithi ehlaziyiweyo ibandakanyiwe, ngoku sinesixhobo esinamandla sokubona nokujongana nale misebenzi ingekho mthethweni ngexesha lokwenyani, sikhusela zombini indalo kunye nabakhuseli bayo.

Omnye umzekelo obalaseleyo wezenzo ezichasene nomthetho yintshabalalo ejamelene naBemi Bomthonyama baseMunduruku ePará, eBrazil. Imihlaba yabo yonakaliswe kukwembiwa kwegolide ngokungekho mthethweni, nto leyo etyhefa amanzi ngemekyuri ize ibangele ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kakhulu. Uluntu luthwaxwa ngamanzi okusela neentlanzi ezingcolisekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingxaki yezempilo. Ukulwa noku, i-EOS Data Analytics isebenzise umfanekiso wesathelayithi ukuvavanya umonakalo wendalo obangelwa yile misebenzi. Ngokuthelekisa idatha kwiminyaka emihlanu, bachonge ukunyuka okubukhali ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kunye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lokwazisa kunye nokuxhasa imizamo yokunciphisa. Oku kwabangela ukuba abantu baseMunduruku babe nomfanekiso ocacileyo wentshabalalo kwaza kwanceda imigudu yehlabathi lonke yokukhusela ummandla wabo nokulondoloza indlela yabo yokuphila.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, kwihlabathi apho iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zisoloko zisongelwa ngokuqhubekayo, imifanekiso yesathelayithi inikela imbono engenakuthelekiswa nanto kumlo wokukhusela indalo ebuthathaka. Yaye njengoko siqhubeka sisebenzisa amandla alo, asifumani nje imbono ecacileyo ngocelomngeni oluzayo kodwa sikwafumana nesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunceda ukulondoloza ubomi obuxhasa isijikelezi-langa sethu. 

umbhali: 

Maksym Sushchuk

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu yamava ekubhaleni urhwebo kunye nobuntatheli, iMaksym izinikele ekukhuthazeni utshintsho oluhle kuluntu, i-ecology kunye nokusingqongileyo. Umdla wakhe ulele ekusebenziseni amabali anyanzelisayo ukukhuthaza isenzo kunye nokuqhuba impembelelo ezinzileyo, ejolise ekudaleni umhlaba oluhlaza, omelele ngakumbi ngobugcisa bokubalisa amabali.

Ungalonwabela eli nqaku ngumbhali omnye: Imephu yoTshintsho lweMozulu: Ziqhuba njani iZixhobo zeGeospatial