Uyilo lweDolophu kuJongana noTshintsho lweMozulu: Imingeni kunye nezinto ezintsha

Uyilo lweedolophu kwaye ucwangciso zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokujongana imo iyatshintsha, kugxininise kuzo zombini izicwangciso zokunciphisa kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Ukunciphisa kubandakanya ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngemigaqo ye-New Urbanism, ngelixa ulungelelwaniso lwenziwa lwasekhaya kwaye lwahluka ngoluntu¹. Edolophini uyilo kuphembelela indlela yokuziphatha, okunokubanako ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kuthutho ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%¹. The mpe mbelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu imizi liya lisanda, ngenxa yokuna kwemvula, izaqhwithi, kunye nobushushu basezidolophini sele bubonakala. Ukucwangciswa kwedolophu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni iimpendulo eziguquguqukayo, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezinje ngoyilo lwesicwangciso esibanzi, ukubandakanyeka kwabachaphazelekayo, kunye noyilo lonyanzeliso lomgangatho ukomeleza. ukomelela kwedolophu.

• Uyilo lwedolophu kunye nocwangciso lubalulekile ekujonganeni nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokuthomalalisa kunye nezicwangciso zokuziqhelanisa.
• Iinzame zokunciphisa zinako ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ukusuka kwezothutho ukuya kutsho kuma-40% ngokwemigaqo yoyilo lwasezidolophini.
• Uyilo lwasezidolophini lunefuthe kukhetho lwezindlu, lukhokelela kumakhaya amancinane nawonga amandla.
• Ukutyalwa kwemithi sisicwangciso-qhinga esiphambili kuyilo lwasezidolophini ukuze lusebenze njengendawo yokuntywila kwekhabhoni yokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo.
• Ukufuduka kwemozulu kunika ithuba lokutshintsha iipatheni zophuhliso kunye neenzuzo zoluntu.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kubangela imiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo kumaziko asezidolophini kwihlabathi liphela, neempembelelo ekulindeleke ukuba zibe qatha kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.². Amazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi alikhaya kwikota yesithathu yabemi basezidolophini behlabathi, uninzi lwabemi basezidolophini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokutshintsha kwemozulu okubangelwa ziingozi ezifana nezaqhwithi, izikhukula, ukudilika komhlaba, namaza obushushu.². Uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lwasekuhlaleni lubonisa ukuba sesichengeni kwabemi basezidolophini kule mingcipheko yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neempembelelo, kugxininisa imfuneko yocwangciso oluphangaleleyo lwedolophu kunye nezicwangciso zokumelana nemeko.

Inzululwazi emva kokutshintsha kwemozulu ibonisa ukuba iimpembelelo ezithile, ezifana neepateni zemvula ezinamandla kunye nokugaleleka kwezaqhwithi, sele zisenzeka kwaye ziya kuqhubeka.³. Izahluko 1-5 kwincwadi ethi "Utshintsho lweMozulu kunye noZinzo lweNdalo yeDolophu" zijonga imingeni evezwa ngu. iziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu, ukunyuka kwamanqanaba olwandle, kunye nesiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu sasezidolophini, sigxininisa ukubaluleka of ucwangciso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo kwaye uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo.

Ukuba sesichengeni ezidolophini kwenziwa mandundu zizinto ezifana nesiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle⁴. Imimandla yasezidolophini nasezidolophini inegalelo elibalulekileyo lokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse yase-US (GHG) kunye nolunye ungcoliseko lomoya, kunye nezixeko ezinokukhutshwa kweGHG okukhulu.⁴. Ezona zixeko zikhulu ze-10 kunye ne-5% ephezulu ye-suburbs akhawunti ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo e-United States, ezibonisa ukusasazwa ngokungalingani kwezinto ezikhutshwayo phakathi kwezixeko.

Izifundo zeemeko zezixeko ezichaphazelekayo ziquka iAmsterdam, apho³ I-97% yabemi inokufuduswa zizikhukula ngo-2050, kwaye Maldivs, apho kudada izinto ezintsha emzini izisombululo ziyaphuhliswa ukulwa nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle³. Izahluko 8-10 zencwadi zihlolisisa iziseko kwaye uzinzile ulawulo lwedolophu, ibalaselisa imfuneko yocwangciso oluluqilima locwangciso lwedolophu phezu kwako nje ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Njengoko imimandla yasezidolophini iqhubeka nokukhula, ukubaluleka kwezicwangciso zokulawula ezihlangeneyo kunye ukubandakanyeka koluntu ukukhusela kubalulekile zendalo njengengca yolwandle kunye neemangrove ebusweni uphuhliso lwedolophu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kugxininiswa². Utyalo-mali kwizindlu, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye neenkonzo ezingxamisekileyo kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu ziye zanciphisa imingcipheko enxulumene nokulimala, ukufa, kunye nokulahlekelwa yimali, kugxininisa imfuneko yemizamo efanayo kumazwe aphantsi kunye naphakathi.

“Uninzi lwabantu ababhubhileyo kwihlabathi ngenxa yeentlekele ezinxulumene nemozulu eyingozi zenzeka kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi.”²

Ngokujongana nesayensi emva kokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuqonda ubuthathaka basezidolophini kunye nemingcipheko, kunye nokuphonononga izifundo zeedolophu ezichaphazelekayo, sinokulungiselela kakuhle imingeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye sisebenzele kwikamva elizinzileyo kunye nelokuqina.

Abaqulunqi basezidolophini bajongene nemingeni enzima njengoko bezama ukuyila izixeko ezomeleleyo phezu kokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukusuka ekunyukeni kwamaqondo olwandle kunye nezikhukhula ukuya kwizehlo zemozulu ezigqithisileyo kunye nesiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu sasezidolophini, iimpembelelo zemozulu eguqukayo ziguqula imbonakalo yomhlaba yophuhliso lwedolophu.⁵.

Izixeko ezingaselunxwemeni zisesichengeni sokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle nezikhukula. Kwi elamaDatshi , apho isinye kwisithathu somhlaba simi ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle⁶, Isixeko esilikomkhulu saseAmsterdam kuqikelelwa ukuba sinabantu abangaphezu kwama-700,000, malunga ne-97% yabemi bayo, abafuduswa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ngenxa yomngcipheko wezikhukula.⁶. Ukulwa noku, amaDatshi aphumeze iNkqubo yeDelta, isicwangciso esibanzi esigxile kuyo ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu, kuqukwa ulawulo lonikezelo lwamanzi amatsha, unciphiso lwezandyondyo, kunye nokucwangciswa kwendawo eyomelelayo⁶.

Iziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo, ezifana nezitshingitshane kunye namaza obushushu, zibeka ingozi enkulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo zasezidolophini kunye impilo yoluntu⁷. Ngo-2100, inani labantu abahlala kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni ezisesichengeni kumonakalo wezikhukhula kulindeleke ukuba linyuke ukusuka kwi-250 yezigidi ukuya kwi-630 yezigidi.⁷. Izixeko ezikhulu ezifana neJakarta, iShanghai, iHong Kong, neMiami zisesichengeni sokukhukula kwemozulu⁷.

Isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu basezidolophini, apho izixeko zifumana amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kuneendawo zasemaphandleni ezingqongileyo, ngomnye umngeni ocinezelayo⁷. Ngo-2050, inani lezixeko ezinobushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwe-95 degrees Fahrenheit kulindeleke ukuba lonyuke kakhulu.⁷. Ukujongana nalo mba kufuna amacebo afana nokwanda izithuba eziluhlaza kunye nokuphumeza imiphezulu ebonisa ukuthomalalisa isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu sasedolophini⁵.

Le miceli mngeni ifuna indlela ebanzi yoyilo lwedolophu, ebandakanya zombini iindlela zokunciphisa kunye nohlengahlengiso ukudala imeko-bume ezinzileyo yedolophu.⁵. Iinzame zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi jikelele ziya kufuna ukuphuculwa ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nomgangatho weziseko ezingundoqo ezixekweni⁷.

Izisombululo ezintsha ezifana nengcamango "yesixeko sesipontshi" eNanchang, eChina, edibanisa Ulawulo lwamanzi emvula, Zasendle ukudala indawo yokuhlala, kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa⁶kunye neprojekthi yesixeko esidadayo kwisiqithi eMaldives, eyilelwe ukuhlalisa abantu abamalunga nama-20,000 kwidolophu ezinzileyo neyomelelekayo. indawo⁶, bonisa amandla oyilo lwedolophu ukujongana nale mingeni inzima.

"IAmsterdam icatshulwe njengesixeko esingumzekelo wokusebenzisa iziseko zophuhliso kunye noyilo lwedolophu ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwizikhukula eziyingozi."⁷

Ezi zicwangciso-qhinga zoyilo lwedolophu, ukusuka ekukhuthazeni uthutho oluzinzileyo ukuya ekuphunyezweni kweziseko ezingundoqo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu, zibonakalisa amandla okudala okuphilekayo kunye nokuphileka. izixeko ezizinzileyo phezu kokutshintsha kwemozulu⁵.

Njengoko izixeko zijijisana neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, imigaqo yoyilo oluzinzileyo lwedolophu iye yavela njengendlela ebalulekileyo ekudaleni uluntu oluzinzileyo nolunokuphila.⁸. Le migaqo ijolise ekudambiseni isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu sasezidolophini, ukulawula amanzi esiphango, kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela zothutho ezizinzileyo, ngelixa uphucula umgangatho wobomi bubonke kubahlali basezidolophini.

Iziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza, njengeedolophu amahlathi, iipaki, nophahla oluluhlaza, lunendima ebalulekileyo kuyilo oluzinzileyo lwedolophu⁸. Ezi izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo inokunceda ukunciphisa isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu sasezidolophini, siphucule umgangatho womoya, nokulawula ukuqhutywa kwamanzi esiphango⁹. Iprojekthi ye-Fish Tail Park e-Nanchang, e-China, ngumzekelo ongumzekelo, ukuguqula i-oasis yasezidolophini ngaphakathi komlambo waseYangtze ukulawula amanzi emvula, ukubonelela. indawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zasendle, kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa⁸.

Uyilo oluzinzileyo lwedolophu lukwabeka phambili uphuhliso oluxubeneyo, oludibanisa iindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa.⁹. Le ndlela inceda ukunciphisa imfuno yokuhamba kwezithuthi, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo zokuthutha, ezifana nokuhamba kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili.⁹. Freiburg, Jemani , idume ngokuzinza kocwangciso lwedolophu, enezothutho eco-friendly kunye nesithili sendlu esingenawo amandla aphantsi.⁹.

Ukwandiswa kokuhamba kunye nokufikeleleka sisiseko soyilo oluzinzileyo lwedolophu⁹. Ngokubeka phambili iziseko zoncedo ezilungele abahambi ngeenyawo kunye neendawo zoluntu ezifikelelekayo, izixeko zinokukhuthaza uthutho olusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwizithuthi zabucala.⁹. Oku, kwakhona, kunegalelo ekuphuculeni umgangatho womoya, oncitshisiweyo ukukhutshwa kwegesi, kunye noluntu oludlamkileyo, oluphilekayo⁹.

Imigaqo yoyilo lwedolophu oluzinzileyo, njenge izibonelelo eziluhlaza, uphuhliso oluxubeneyo lokusebenzisa, kunye nokuhamba, zibalulekile ekudaleni imozulu-izixeko ezomeleleyo enokuziqhelanisa nemingeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu⁸. Njengoko kuboniswa ziiprojekthi ezifana neMaldives Floating City kunye neNkqubo yeDelta eNetherlands, kuvela izisombululo ezintsha zokulungisa imiba ecinezelayo yexesha lethu.⁸.

"Izixeko ezizinzileyo azilunganga kuphela kwindawo engqongileyo, kodwa zikwaphucula umgangatho wobomi kubahlali bazo." – Jane Jacobs, theory yasezidolophini kunye umbhali

Njengoko izixeko zijongene nemingeni ekhulayo ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, kuvela izisombululo ezitsha zokuphucula ukomelela kwazo. Ukusuka kwimozulu-esabelayo Zakhiwo ekudityanisweni kobuchwepheshe bobuchule, abacwangcisi basezidolophini bafumana iindlela zokuguqula le miqobo iqhutywa yimozulu ibe ngamathuba Uphuhliso oluphathekayo¹⁰.

Uyilo oluphendula imozulu lungundoqo ezintsha ekusukeleni izixeko ezomeleleyo. Olu yilo luhambelana neemeko zemozulu yendawo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokwandisa ukomelela. Ngokomzekelo, eChicago, eUnited States izindlu eyona fama inkulu ethe nkqo kwihlabathi, indawo eyi-90,000 square-foot-foot¹⁰. Ngaphaya koko, iChicago yatshintsha imithetho yocando ngo-2010 ukuze ivumelane nezolimo zasezidolophini, ivumela i-hydroponics kunye nokusebenza okuthe nkqo kokufama kwisixeko siphela.¹⁰.

Itekhnoloji ye-Smart nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni izixeko ezinokomelela. E-Sharm El-Sheikh, eYiputa, amalinge afana nophahla lwelanga kunye neenkqubo ezincinci ze-photovoltaic ziyaphunyezwa, ezinegalelo ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwekharbon dioksidi.¹⁰. Ngokufanayo, e-Austin, eTexas, igridi ehlakaniphile ye-1,000 yeendawo zokuhlala ezinenethiwekhi kunye namashishini angama-75 avavanyiwe, okubangele ukongiwa kwamandla kunye namanzi, njengoko kungqinwe luhlolo lweYunivesithi yaseDuke.¹⁰.

Ezi zisombululo zintsha zibonisa indlela izixeko ezinokuguqula ngayo imingeni yemozulu ibe ngamathuba ophuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokomelela okomeleza. Ngokwamkela uyilo oluphendula imozulu kunye nobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele, abacwangcisi basezidolophini bavula indlela yekamva apho izixeko zixhotyiswe ngcono ukumelana neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.¹¹.

“IResilient Cities Network isebenzisana nezixeko eziphantse zibe li-100 kwihlabathi liphela, inceda abemi abazizigidi ezingama-220.”¹¹

Uyilo lwedolophu ejongene nokutshintsha kwemozulu ifuna umgaqo-nkqubo owomeleleyo kunye nesikhokelo solawulo ukuqhuba inguqu enentsingiselo¹². Amaphulo oorhulumente basekhaya avele njengeempembelelo ezibalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni ucwangciso oluhambelana nemozulu kunye nokwakha izixeko ezomeleleyo¹³. Izixeko kwihlabathi jikelele zamkele ezinye izixhobo zolawulo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswa ezidolophini isenzo semozulu amacebo adla ngokuba namabhongo ngakumbi kunalawo abekwe ngoorhulumente belizwe¹³. La manyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo abalulekile ekuguquleleni ekujoliswe kuko kwimozulu yehlabathi kwizisombululo ezinokufikelelwa ekuhlaleni¹².

Izisombululo ezintsha kwinqanaba lengingqi zibonisa indima ebalulekileyo yabasemagunyeni besixeko ekujonganeni neempembelelo zedolophu zokutshintsha kwemozulu.¹². Ngokomzekelo, ikomkhulu lasePeru, iLima, liye laba ngoovulindlela emanzini nokugcinwa izicwangciso zokulwa nokunqongophala kwamanzi - umceli mngeni ocinezelayo owandiswa kukutshintsha kwemozulu¹². Ngokufanayo, iNkqubo yeSikhokelo seSixeko seKhabhoni yaseMalaysia ibandakanya abasemagunyeni basekhaya ekuyileni amalinge ekhabhoni ephantsi, iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwesenzo somgangatho wesixeko.¹³.

Imithetho yokwakha eyomeleleyo kunye nemigangatho zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukumelana nemozulu ukwakhiwa kunye nophuhliso¹². Ezi zixhobo zomgaqo-nkqubo zinokugunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwe izinto ezizinzileyo, Uyilo oluwonga amandla, kunye nemozulu-ziqhelanisa iimpawu, ngaloo ndlela-ubungqina kwixesha elizayo indawo eyakhelweyo¹². Ukongezelela, iinkqubo zelizwe ezixhasa ukuphunyezwa kwemimiselo enjalo zinokomeleza ngakumbi ukomelela kwezixeko¹³.

Ngokusebenzisa amandla omgaqo-nkqubo kunye nolawulo, abaqulunqi basezidolophini banokujongana nemingeni yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye bakhuthaze uphuhliso lwezixeko ezinokuqina.¹². Ukudityaniswa kwamanyathelo asungulayo asekuhlaleni kunye nemithetho yokwakha eyomeleleyo ibalulekile ekuguquleleni iinjongo zemozulu yehlabathi zibe zizisombululo ezibonakalayo, ezisekelwe kwindawo.¹³.

“Izixeko ezizinzileyo ziinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezijongene nemingeni efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nobhubhane. Itekhnoloji ekwinqanaba eliphezulu njengedatha enkulu kunye ne-ICT zidlala indima ebalulekileyo uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo"-.¹²

Ukubandakanya uluntu ibalulekile ekusebenzeni uyilo lwedolophu ebusweni bokutshintsha kwemozulu¹⁴. Ngokubandakanya abahlali bendawo kunye nabachaphazelekayo, izisombululo zoyilo lwedolophu zinokulungelelaniswa ukujongana neemfuno kunye neemeko ezizodwa zoluntu ngalunye. Le ndlela yokuthatha inxaxheba iqinisekisa ukuba uyilo oluzinzileyo, izibonelelo eziluhlaza, yaye ucwangciso oluhambelana nemozulu amalinge anxulumana nabantu abajonge ukubakhonza.

Uphando lugxininisa i ukubaluleka yokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu kucwangciso lwedolophu¹⁵. Igalelo loluntu linceda ukuchonga imingeni yendawo, izinto eziphambili, kunye nezisombululo ezintsha, ezikhokelela kwiiprojekthi ezifumana inkxaso yengingqi eyomeleleyo kwaye zijongane nemiqobo embalwa.¹⁵. Uphononongo lukwabonisa ukuba amalinge aqhutywa luluntu, afana nalawo akulawulo lwenkunkuma, anokukhokelela kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo nezilungele indalo.¹⁵. Izikhokelo ezibandakanyayo kulawulo lwezibonelelo, ezifana nezo ziqeshwe kwiprojekthi yeYo-Waste yaseUganda, zinokukhokelela kulawulo olungcono lwezibonelelo kunye nokwabelana ngeenzuzo ezilinganayo.¹⁵.

Uthethwano olusebenzayo noluntu lubandakanya ukuchonga abachaphazelekayo, ukubeka iinjongo ezicacileyo, ukukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo zothethathethwano, ukuqinisekisa ukungafihli, kunye nokulandela ngokubandakanya ingxelo yoluntu.¹⁵. Idatha ye-Geolocation, amaqonga e-intanethi, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha lunokuphucula ezi nzame ngokubonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo kunye nokuququzelela intatho-nxaxheba ebanzi.¹⁵. Ukongeza, amalinge eyantlukwano, ukulingana, kunye nokubandakanywa (DEI) anegalelo ekwakheni ukuthembana kunye nokubandakanya iimbono ezahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zocwangciso lwedolophu.¹⁵.

Impumelelo yamalinge akhokelwa luluntu, afana neTürkiye's Local Climate Action Plans kunye neSingapore eqhutywa luluntu. uhlaza ezidolophini iinzame, iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kobandakanyo olusezantsi ekudaleni ikamva ledolophu elizinzileyo¹⁴. Ngokuzibandakanya uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, abaqulunqi basezidolophini banokuqinisekisa ukuba izicwangciso zabo zokuguquguquka kwemozulu kunye Iziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo iiprojekthi zihlangabezana ngokwenene neemfuno zabantu ababasebenzelayo.

"Uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo lufuna iindlela ezigxile kuluntu ezifana nothethathethwano noluntu kunye namanyathelo e-DEI okwakha izixeko ezikhulayo nezizinzileyo."¹⁵

Ngokwamkela ukubandakanyeka koluntu, abaqulunqi basezidolophini banokudala Uyilo oluZinzileyo, Green Infrastructure, kunye UCwangciso lokuLungiselela iMozulu Izisombululo ezihambelana ngokwenene nabantu ababasebenzelayo kwaye zikhuthaza ikamva ledolophu elizinzileyo nelilinganayo¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶.

Njengoko ihlabathi lizamana nefuthe elikhulayo lokutshintsha kwemozulu, inani lezixeko ezingoovulindlela ziye zavela njengeenkokeli zehlabathi kuyilo lwedolophu oluzinzileyo noluzinzileyo.¹⁷. Ucwangciso lwasezidolophini lube ngumba obalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni nasekuphumezeni iimpendulo ezilungelelanisiweyo kutshintsho lwemozulu kwimimandla yemetropolitan.¹⁷. La manyathelo okuqala avelisa izifundo ezibalulekileyo kunye nenkuthazo kwezinye izixeko ezijongene nemingeni efanayo.

I-Netherlands, ilizwe elinomhlaba obalulekileyo ongaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle, lijongene nezoyikiso ezinzulu zokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.¹⁷. I-Amsterdam, isixeko esilikomkhulu, kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kuba nabantu abangaphezu kwama-700,000 (i-97% yabemi) abagxothiweyo ngo-2050 ngenxa yezikhukula.¹⁷. Ukuphendula, iNetherlands iye yakhokela kumanyathelo amaninzi okulungelelaniswa kwemozulu, anje ngeSicwangciso seSizwe sokuLungisa iMozulu (i-NAS) kunye neNkqubo yeDelta, egxile ekuthomalaliseni izikhukhula, ulawulo lonikezelo lwamanzi amatsha, kunye nokucwangciswa kwendawo eyomelelayo.¹⁷.

I-Singapore, idume ngokutshintsha kwayo ukuba ibe sisixeko esidlamkileyo, esiluhlaza, isebenza njengomzekelo wehlabathi wokuqhelana nemozulu yasezidolophini. Amanyathelo okuqala esicwangciso-qhinga sesixeko-karhulumente ahlanganise ngempumelelo uhlaza olubanzi lwedolophu kunye nezenzo zolawulo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwaso ngokuchasene neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.¹⁷. Ezi ndlela zintsha, ezifana nengcamango "yesixeko sesiponji" eboniswe yiFish Tail Park eNanchang, eChina, ibonisa amandla oyilo lwedolophu ukunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu.¹⁷.

Ukongeza, iMaldives Floating City, iprojekthi enqwenelekayo ngabayili beDutch Docklands kunye neWaterstudio, ijonge ukuhlalisa abantu abamalunga nama-20,000 kwindawo ezinzileyo, ezinzileyo yedolophu ukulwa nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle okusongela iMaldives.¹⁷. La manyathelo okuqala ayimpumelelo ehlabathi agxininisa ukubaluleka kocwangciso lobuchule kunye noyilo oluguquguqukayo lwemozulu ekwakhiweni kwezixeko ezomeleleyo kwixesha elizayo.

Ucwangciso lwedolophu olusebenzayo lubalulekile kwizixeko ukuba zomeleze ukhuseleko lwazo kwiimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu¹⁷. Amanyathelo ocwangciso olucwangcisiweyo, afana nalawo aphunyezwe eAmsterdam naseSingapore, abalulekile ekuphumezeni amanyathelo okunciphisa nokulungelelanisa anokukhusela uluntu lwasezidolophini kunye nokuqinisekisa ixesha labo elide. nokuzinza¹⁷.

“Ucwangciso lwedolophu olusebenzayo lubalulekile ukuze izixeko zomeleze ukhuseleko lwazo kwiimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Amanyathelo ocwangciso olucwangcisiweyo abalulekile ekuphumezeni imilinganiselo yokunciphisa nokuziqhelanisa enokukhusela uluntu lwasezidolophini nokuqinisekisa ixesha labo elide. nokuzinza. "

Njengoko izixeko zizamana nemiceli mngeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ikamva loyilo lwedolophu lijonge kwizisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo ezibeka phambili ukuzinza, ukomelela, kunye noluntu. impilo. Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezivelayo kulo mmandla kukunyuka kwe design biophilic iindlela kunye nophuhliso lwembonakalo-mhlaba yedolophu elungelelanisiweyo.

Uyilo lweBiophilic, olumiliselwe kubudlelwane bendalo bomntu indalo, ifumana ukutsaleka njengesixhobo esinamandla ekubumbeni indawo eyakhiweyo. Le ndlela idibanisa izinto zendalo, ezifana nohlaza, iimpawu zamanzi, kunye nezinto zendalo, kwiindawo zasezidolophini, ukudala i-symbiosis ehambelanayo phakathi kwendalo kunye nendalo eyenziwe ngumntu.¹⁸. Ngo-2050, ukuya kuthi ga kwizigidi ezisibhozo abantu banokufudukela kwizixeko ezilishumi ezichongiweyo kuphononongo, ngamandla okufuduka ahluka ngokusekwe ubushushu bukazwe lonke¹⁸. Uyilo lweBiophilic aluphuculi nje kuphela ubuhle bezixeko kodwa lunegalelo kuzo ukomelela kwemozulu ngokunciphisa iziphumo zesiqithi zobushushu ezidolophini, ukuphucula umgangatho womoya, kunye nokuxhasa eziphilayo¹⁸. Ukufuduka okubangelwa yimozulu kulindeleke ukuba kube nefuthe elibonakalayo kwizixeko ezikwi IGlobal South yi 2050¹⁸.

Njengoko izixeko zijongene nesoyikiso esikhulayo sokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezixhaphakileyo rhoqo, abaqulunqi basezidolophini baphonononga izisombululo ezitsha zokuyila imbonakalo yedolophu eguquguqukayo. Enye ingcinga enjalo sisiXeko esiNdadayo saseMaldives, isixeko esinemodyuli, esidadayo esinokuziqhelanisa nokuguquguquka kwamanqanaba amanzi kwaye sinikeze indawo yokuhlala ezinzileyo, enekhabhoni ephantsi.¹⁹. Itekhnoloji yegridi yeSmart isetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa ngempumelelo kunye amandla azinzileyo iinkqubo, ukunceda izixeko ukuba zisebenzise amandla ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zinciphise ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni¹⁹. Le ndlela yokuziqhelanisa noyilo lwedolophu ibonisa amandla okuba izixeko zihambelane neenkqubo zendalo, zikhuthaza ukomelela kunye nokunciphisa indawo yazo yendalo.

Ezi ndlela zivelayo kuyilo lwasezidolophini, ukusuka ekudityanisweni kwebhayophilic ukuya kwindawo eguqukayo, ibonisa utshintsho olukhulu olusingise kwikamva apho. Uyilo oluZinzileyo, Urbanism yeCarbon ephantsi, yaye UkuNcitshiswa kweMpembelelo yeNdalo ayizolangazelelo nje kuphela, kodwa zizinto ezibalulekileyo zezixeko eziphumelelayo, ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu.

"Ikamva loyilo lwasezidolophini lisekukwazini kwayo ukudibanisa ngaphandle komthungo nendalo, ukudala izixeko ezingakwaziyo ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kuphela, kodwa zikwazi ukuhlaziya kunye nokuzinza."

¹⁸¹⁹

Indlela eya kwikamva elizinzileyo ledolophu ifuna indlela eneenkalo ezininzi, nabayili basezidolophini badlala indima ebalulekileyo²⁰. Ngokwamkela izisombululo ezintsha, zokuphendula kwimozulu, abaqulunqi banokudala izixeko ezingenakukwazi ukumelana neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kodwa ziphumelele xa zijongene nemingeni yokusingqongileyo. Olu bizo lwesenzo lugxininisa imfuno engxamisekileyo yokucinga ngesibindi, umbono obeka phambili ukuzinza, ukomelela, kunye nokulingana kwezentlalo.

Abayili basezidolophini kufuneka bakhokele intlawulo ekuyileni amacebo okujongana nokuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuziqhelanisa²⁰. Oku kubandakanya ukubandakanya iziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluxubeneyo, kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kunye nokufikeleleka.²¹. Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ehlakaniphile kunye nemigaqo yoyilo lwebhayoloji, abayili banokudala imeko-bume yasezidolophini esebenza ngamandla, engathathi hlangothi, kwaye exhasa abantu. impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle²².

Njengoko imingeni yemozulu iqhubeka nokuvela, abaqulunqi basezidolophini kufuneka bahlale bephambili kwizinto ezintsha²⁰. Uphando oluqhubekayo, ukulinga, kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni izisombululo ezitsha ezisabela kwiimfuno eziguqukayo zezixeko.²¹. Ukusebenzisana nabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, abachaphazelekayo basekuhlaleni, kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo oluntu kuya kuba yimfuneko ekoyiseni inkxaso-mali, ulawulo, kunye nemiqobo yenkcubeko ehlala ithintela ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo oyilo lwedolophu oluzinzileyo.²¹.

Ikamva loyilo lwasezidolophini lilele ekudaleni izixeko ezinokuqina, ezizinzileyo ezingamelani nje neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kodwa ziphucule umgangatho wobomi kubo bonke abemi.²⁰. Ngokwamkela olu bizo lwesenzo kunye nokuqhubela phambili ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha, abayili basezidolophini banokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni ikamva ledolophu elinokuhlalwa, elilinganayo, nelikhathalele indalo esingqongileyo.²⁰.

1. Ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu, ukuncitshiswa, kunye noyilo lwedolophu - https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2021/11/03/climate-adaptation-mitigation-and-urban-design
2. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye Ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini: iziphumo kunye neziphumo kulawulo lweedolophu - https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/unpd_egm_200801_climate_change_and_urbanization_effects_and_implications_for_urban_governance_satterthwaite.pdf
3. Uphononongo lwencwadi: Ukutshintsha kweMozulu kunye nokuzinza kokusiNgqongileyo kweDolophu - Izifundo zaseDolophini - https://www.urbanstudiesonline.com/review/book-review-climate-change-and-urban-environment-sustainability/
4. UVavanyo lweMozulu yeSizwe yesiHlanu, iSahluko se-12: Ulwakhiwo lokusiNgqongileyo, iiNkqubo zeDolophu, kunye neziXeko – https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/12
5. Uyilo lweDolophu: Ukujongana nemingeni ngoMda wokuyila-uYilo lweDolophu- https://nclurbandesign.org/urban-design-tackling-the-challenges-with-a-creative-edge/
6. Ukutshintsha kweMozulu kunye noYilo lweDolophu- https://urbandesignlab.in/climate-change-and-urban-design/?srsltid=AfmBOoqnKcsK5NgwvH_GSAipUE1luLwR8LpORMoH4L6vQKo2tonze9J3
7. Imingeni yoTshintsho lweMozulu kwiLizwe elineeDolophu- https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2021/09/challenges-climate-change-urbanizing-world/
8. Ukutshintsha kweMozulu kunye noYilo lweDolophu- https://urbandesignlab.in/climate-change-and-urban-design/?srsltid=AfmBOopDl1dDitmZ_2arcZ06QRTVrm6xVl9B43hblMUJOq6QJ2fthnGS
9. Uyilo lweDolophu oluZinzileyo: Imigaqo | Vaia - https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/environmental-science/ecological-conservation/sustainable-urban-design/
10. Iindlela ezisibhozo iiDolophu ezakha uKumelana neMozulu- https://www.iisd.org/articles/building-a-climate-resilient-city
11. Ukusebenzisana kunye neNethiwekhi yeedolophu eziQinisekileyo kwiNdibaniselwano yeMozulu, iMpilo, kunye nokuLingana kwezeMpilo - https://urban.yale.edu/projects/collaborating-resilient-cities-network-intersection-climate-health-and-health-equity
12. Unxulumano phakathi komgaqo-nkqubo wedolophu kunye nemozulu, kugxininiswa kokusingqongileyo – iSixeko, iSiqinga kunye noLwakhiwo lwezakhiwo – https://cityterritoryarchitecture.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40410-022-00165-2
13. Xa ithuba libuyela umva: ukuphonononga ukuphunyezwa kwezinye iindlela zolawulo lwemozulu ezidolophini kwizixeko ezithathu ezikhulu zase-US - https://academic.oup.com/policyandsociety/article/40/1/116/6402156
14. Ukutshintsha kweMozulu kunye noYilo lweDolophu- https://urbandesignlab.in/climate-change-and-urban-design/?srsltid=AfmBOopFnnJaSQuTP6R5RY0ZLt_yVmtJq3C7el1GvNHdn2iQOlitVpnB
15. Indima yokuBandakanya koLuntu kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo lweDolophu – Impakter – https://impakter.com/the-role-of-community-engagement-in-sustainable-urban-development/
16. Uthethathethwano noLuntu Ezona Nkqubo ziLungileyo zokuLingana kweMozulu | Iphupha.Org- https://dream.org/news-articles/community-engagement-best-practices/
17. Ukutshintsha kweMozulu kunye noYilo lweDolophu- https://urbandesignlab.in/climate-change-and-urban-design/?srsltid=AfmBOoo6GQL5zCSGnRs4O_ROSLPfcbG7pqJjt6fpfwxlhrE0Usp277xn
18. Imihlaba yeDolophu yeXesha elizayo: Uqikelelo lokuFudukela kweMozulu kwiZixeko – iBhunga lokuFuduka kooSodolophu – https://mayorsmigrationcouncil.org/news/future-urban-landscapes-report/
19. Ikamva loyilo lweDolophu: Iindlela kunye nemingeni- https://urbandesignlab.in/the-future-of-urban-design-trends-and-challenges/?srsltid=AfmBOopNg2Efgo6UrMeWa2ZITEmq7SL_S1pWLf8SsjZF9CvfTEt9Ou96
20. Uphuhliso lwedolophu – a ikamva elizinzileyo - https://toposmagazine.com/sustainable-urban-development/
21. Ikamva loCwangciso lweDolophu kwi Ostreliya Phambi koTshintsho lweMozulu- https://fareast.net.au/future-of-urban-planning-in-australia-in-the-face-of-climate-change-and-population-growth/
22. Ikamva lozinzo ukuhlala ezidolophini | PVcase - https://pvcase.com/blog/what-urban-living-of-the-future-might-look-like/