Uyilo oluSekwe kwiNdawo: Indlela iZakhiwo zeNdawo eziBonisa ngayo imixholo yeNdawo

Uyilo lwemveli luhlobo olulodwa lwe uyilo leyo imiliselwe ngokunzulu iimeko zendawo kwaye inkcubeko elilifa lethu. Yimbonakaliso yembali kunye nezithethe zoluntu, kunye nendalo indawo apho bahlala khona. Ukusuka eAfrika ukuya eAsia, eMelika ukuya Ostreliya, zomthonyama Zakhiwo iye yavela kwiinkulungwane ukukhawulelana neemfuno zabantu abahlala kule mimandla.

Ukusetyenziswa iindlela zokwakha zemveli, izixhobo zendawo, yaye uyilo lwasekhaya ziimpawu eziphambili ze uyilo lwemveli. Uyilo lomxholo ngokusebenzisa ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuyileni uyilo loyilo olubonisa ngokwenene kwaye luphendule kwimeko eyodwa yenkcubeko kunye nokusingqongileyo kuluntu.

Uyilo lwemveli lubonelela ngokuqonda kwimbali, inkcubeko, kunye yesazisi yoluntu. Ezi zakhiwo zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sobulumko bezinyanya zabantu bomthonyama kunye nonxibelelwano olunzulu emhlabeni.

IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo

• Uyilo lwemveli lubonakalisa iimeko zendawo kwaye inkcubeko elilifa lethu.
• Iindlela zokwakha zemveli kwaye uyilo oluzinzileyo izenzo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kolu lwakhiwo.
• Ukubandakanya uluntu ingundoqo kwi uyilo lomxholo yoyilo lwemveli.
• Izixhobo zendawo kwaye uyilo lwasekhaya zibalulekile ekubumbeni uyilo lwemveli.
• Uyilo lwemveli ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni inkcubeko elilifa lethu kwaye yesazisi.

Iindlela zokwakha zeMveli kunye noLwakhiwo oluZinzileyo

Uyilo lwemveli kudala luxhomekeke kuyo iindlela zokwakha zemveli esebenzayo izixhobo zendawo, inegalelo kwi ezizinzileyo iindlela zoyilo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zemveli ezifana ne-adobe, ingca, kunye nomhlaba onqanyuliweyo ukwakhiwa ayiqinisekisi loo nto kuphela izakhiwo idityaniswe ngokungenamthungo kwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa ikwakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifumaneka ekuhlaleni ezinokuzaliswa lula, zinciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ezi ndlela bezisetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane yaye zingqineke zisebenza kakuhle ekudaleni izakhiwo ezikwaziyo ukumelana neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo.

Omnye umzekelo woyilo oluzinzileyo lwemveli yi-earthship, isakhiwo esizixhasayo esakhiwe kusetyenziswa izinto ezilahliweyo ezifana namatayara, iibhotile, kunye neenkonkxa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga kunye namanzi emvula ukubonelela ngokufudumeza, ukupholisa kunye nokubonelela ngamanzi.

Ngokubandakanya iindlela zokwakha zemveli kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zasekhaya, abayili bezakhiwo banokudala uyilo oluzinzileyo olunganeli nje ukuba nenzuzo entle. mpe mbelelo kokusingqongileyo kodwa ikwakhuthaza ilifa lenkcubeko kunye nengingqi yesazisi.

"Uyilo lwemveli kudala luxhomekeke kwiindlela zokwakha zemveli ezisebenzisa izinto zasekhaya, ezinegalelo kuyilo oluzinzileyo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo."

Uyilo loMxholo kunye nokuBandakanywa koLuntu

Uyilo lwemveli alukho malunga nesakhiwo somzimba kuphela, lumalunga nenkqubo ye uyilo kunye nokudala ezi ndawo. Uyilo lomxholo ngumba osisiseko woyilo lwemveli, kwaye ibandakanya ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo noluntu ukuqonda iinqobo ezisemgangathweni, iimfuno kunye nolangazelelo lwabo. Ukubandakanya uluntu ibalulekile kuyo yonke inkqubo yoyilo, ukusuka ekukhawulweni ukuya kulwakhiwo.

Abayili bezakhiwo kufuneka babandakanye uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwinkqubo yoyilo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ibonisa ixabiso kunye neemfuno zabo. Le ndlela ihluke kakhulu kumzekelo waseNtshona, apho abakhi bezakhiwo bahlala benyanzelisa izimvo zabo kuluntu ngaphandle kokuqwalasela igalelo labo. Ngokusebenza ngentsebenziswano, uyilo lwemveli luhlonipha ilifa lenkcubeko yoluntu kwaye lomeleza ubuni babo.

Uyilo lomxholo alukho malunga nokubuza uluntu into abayifunayo; imalunga nokuqwalasela umxholo obanzi. Abayili bezakhiwo kufuneka baqonde inkcubeko ukubaluleka yesiza kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendawo, kubandakanywa imozulu kunye nezinto ezikhoyo. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko kwaye luzinzileyo.

Uthethathethwano loluntu alupheli xa uyilo lugqityiwe. Abayili bezakhiwo kufuneka kwakhona babandakanye uluntu kwinkqubo yokwakha, babonelele ngamathuba okuba banikele ngezakhono zabo nolwazi. Le ndlela yokufundisa ayiqinisi nje kuphela amaqhina oluntu kodwa ikwaqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo zakhiwe ukuze zihlale, kusetyenziswa imathiriyeli yasekuhlaleni kunye nobuchule.

Uyilo lomxholo kunye nokuzibandakanya koluntu zizinto ezibalulekileyo kuyilo lwemveli, kugxininiswa ukubaluleka lokumamela uluntu kunye nokusebenzisa ulwazi nezakhono zabo. Ngokusebenza ngentsebenziswano, abayili bezakhiwo banokudala iidizayini ezingabonisi nje kuphela imeko yendawo kodwa zomeleze uluvo loluntu ngobuni kunye noqhagamshelo kumhlaba wabo.

Izixhobo zeNgingqi kunye ne-Architecture ye-Vernacular

Enye yeempawu ezichazayo zoyilo lwemveli kukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli efumaneka ekuhlaleni. Oku kunokuquka udaka, ingca, neenkuni, phakathi kwezinye. Ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo ludla ngokuphenjelelwa yimeko yendawo, imozulu nentsingiselo yenkcubeko. Ngokusebenzisa imathiriyeli efumaneka ngokulula, abayili bezakhiwo bomthonyama bayakwazi ukuyila izakhiwo ezizinzileyo nezidibanisa ngokungenamthungo neendawo ezibangqongileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zasekuhlaleni kudlulela ngaphaya kokusebenziseka. Ikwayindlela yokubhiyozela kunye nokugcina ilifa lenkcubeko yoluntu. Uyilo lwemveli luhlala lubonisa uyilo olwahlukileyo olubonisa ixabiso, izithethe, kunye namabali abantu abazisebenzisayo. Ngale ndlela, uyilo lwasekhaya iyadalwa; isimbo soyilo esahlukileyo kwingingqi ethile kwaye sithetha nayo inkcubeko.

Umzekelo ogqwesileyo wolwakhiwo lweelwimi zomthonyama ngowemveli izindlu ngabantu base-Ainu baseJapan. Ezi zakhiwo zenziwe kusetyenziswa izinto ezifumaneka ekuhlaleni ezifana neendiza, i-bamboo kunye namaplanga. Amakhaya akhiwe ngendlela yokuba omelele, anophahla lwengca olukwaziyo ukumelana nekhephu eliqatha. Abantu baseAinu baye baphila ngokuvisisana nemekobume yabo kangangeenkulungwane, yaye amakhaya abo abonisa olu lwalamano.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zengingqi kunye nolwakhiwo lweelwimi zomthonyama akuncedi kuphela kwiindlela zokuyila ezizinzileyo, kodwa kukwanceda ukuqinisa unxibelelwano phakathi koluntu nomhlaba walo. Ngokusebenzisa izinto eziyinkulelane kule ndawo, abayili bezakhiwo bayakwazi ukwenza uyilo olusekelwe kumxholo wendawo. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo ezizenzayo azisebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa zibonisa nelifa lenkcubeko kunye nobunikazi babantu abazisebenzisayo.

ILifa leNkcubeko kunye neSazisi kuZakhiwo lwemveli

Uyilo lwemveli ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ilifa lenkcubeko kunye nokomeleza ubuni. Uyilo lwezakhiwo alusebenzi nje njengezakhiwo ezisebenzayo kodwa lukwabonisa amabali, izithethe, kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni zoluntu.

Ukwenziwa koyilo lwemveli kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izixhobo zasekuhlaleni, ubuchule, kunye noyilo olusekelwe kwinkcubeko nakwimbali yalo mmandla. Olu luyilo aluyozakhiwo nje; bamele uluntu kunye nendlela yabo yokuphila.

Umzekelo, iWanuskewin Heritage Park in Khanada yindawo ebonisa ukubaluleka koyilo lwemveli ekugcineni ilifa lenkcubeko. Ipaki ibonisa uluhlu lwezakhiwo zokutolika ezibonisa imbali kunye nenkcubeko yabantu baseMntla bamaThafa aMthonyama. Uyilo lwezi zakhiwo lubonisa iindlela zakudala ezisetyenziswa luluntu. Ezi zakhiwo zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sembali kunye nemizabalazo yabantu bomthonyama kwaye babhiyozele ukomelela kunye nokuphila kwabo.

Uyilo lwemveli nalo lomeleza ubuni kunye noqhagamshelwano kumhlaba. Uyilo lwezakhiwo luphenjelelwa yimeko yendawo, kuquka imozulu, ijografi, nokubaluleka kwenkcubeko. Oku kukhokelela kulwakhiwo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ludala imvakalelo yendawo nokuba yeyabantu.

I-Navajo Hogan ngomnye umzekelo onjalo wesakhiwo esibonisa isazisi kunye nokudibanisa kumhlaba. IHogan yindawo yokuhlala yamaNavajo eyenziwe ngezigodo, udaka nomhlaba. Uyilo lwesakhiwo lusekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba abantu kunye indalo zidityanisiwe. Umnyango weHogan ujonge ngasempuma, ukuya ekuphumeni kwelanga, kwaye ithathwa njengendawo engcwele edibanisa abantu baseNavajo kwizinyanya zabo nomhlaba.

Ukuqukumbela, uyilo lwemveli alusebenzi nje kuphela njengezakhiwo ezisebenzayo kodwa lukwabonisa inkcubeko yelifa kunye nobuni. Uyilo lwezi zakhiwo luhambelana nomxholo wendawo, ukudala imvakalelo yendawo kunye nokuba yeyabantu. Kubalulekile ukuba siqhubeleke sixabisa kwaye sigcine ilifa lemveli lolwakhiwo lwemveli ukulungiselela izizukulwana ezizayo.

Imizekelo yoLwakhiwo lweNdalo kwiHlabathi liphela

Uyilo lwendalo yintsimi etyebileyo neyohlukeneyo ebonisa into eyodwa iimeko zendawo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko yemimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye eziyimfuneko mi zekelo yoyilo lwemveli.

IiNdlu zeeNtlanganiso zamaMaori, eNew Zealand

IiNdlu zeeNtlanganiso zamaMaori, okanye i-whare whakairo, ngumzekelo ochukumisayo woyilo lwemveli Nyu Zilend. Ezi zindlu zihlala zisembindini woluntu lwamaMaori kwaye zisetyenziselwa imisitho ebalulekileyo kunye neendibano. Imikrolo nemihombiso entsonkothileyo kwezi zindlu ibonisa imbali, izithethe neenkolelo zamaMaori, nto leyo ebenza babe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yabo.

IYurt, kuMbindi weAsia

I-yurt, ikhusi eliphathwayo elisetyenziswa zizizwe ezifudukayo kuMbindi Asia, ingumzekelo obalaseleyo wobugcisa bokwakha bomthonyama. Ezi ntente ezijikelezayo zenzelwe ukudibanisa okulula kunye nokuchithwa, okwenza ukuba zilungele indlela yokuphila ehambayo. Zenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto zasekuhlaleni ezifana noboya kunye neziva, ezibonelela ngokugqwesileyo ukuxhoma ngokuchasene nobusika obunzima kulo mmandla.

Longhouses, kuMntla Melika

Indlu ende yindawo yokuhlala yemveli esetyenziswa zizizwe ezininzi zomthonyama waseMelika, ngakumbi abo bahlala empuma amahlathi. Ezi zindlu zenziwe ngamaplanga, amaxolo, kunye nezinye izinto zendalo, kwaye zinokufikelela kwi-100 ubude. Zazisetyenziswa njengeendawo zokuhlala ezineentsapho ezininzi, kwaye zisebenza njengeziko lobomi boluntu, zibonisa ukubaluleka kokuhlalisana kwabantu kwinkcubeko yaseMelika yaseMelika.

Izindlu zeStilt, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia

Izindlu zestilt luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lolwakhiwo lwemveli olufumaneka kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Ezi zindlu zakhiwe phezu kweendonga okanye iimfumba ukuze zikhuseleke kwizikhukula kunye nezinambuzane. Uyilo oluphakanyisiweyo lukwavumela ukuba kube ngcono umoya kwaye ibonelela ngeemeko ezipholileyo zokuhlala kwimozulu eshushu, nefumileyo yalo mmandla. Iimathiriyeli ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izindlu ezakhiwe ngamaplanga ziyohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yendawo, kodwa zihlala zifumaneka ekuhlaleni nangokuzinzileyo.

Adobes, eMzantsi Melika

I-Adobes luhlobo lolwakhiwo lwemveli olufumaneka eMzantsi Melika, ngakumbi kumazwe anje Peru kunye neBolivia. Ezi zindlu zenziwe ngezitena ze-adobe, ezenziwe ngokuxuba udongwe, amanzi, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezifana neendiza okanye umgquba. Bangumzekelo obalaseleyo wokwakhiwa kweelwimi zomthonyama, njengoko besebenzisa izinto zasekuhlaleni kunye nobuchule bokwenza amakhaya alungelelaniswe kakuhle nemozulu nenkcubeko yasekuhlaleni.

Ezi zimbalwa mi zekelo yeentlobo ngeentlobo zelizwe elinomdla loyilo lwemveli. Uyilo ngalunye lubonisa imeko eyodwa yendawo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko yommandla, ebonisa ukubaluleka uyilo olusekwe kwindawo kunye nokuzibandakanya koluntu kuyilo lwezakhiwo.

isiphelo

Uyilo lwemveli ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wendlela uyilo olusekwe kwindawo inokubonakalisa iimeko zendawo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko. Ngokusetyenziswa kweendlela zemveli zokwakha, izixhobo zengingqi, kunye nolwakhiwo lweelwimi zomthonyama, abayili bezakhiwo bomthonyama benza izakhiwo ezizinzileyo ezidibanisa ngokungenamthungo nokusingqongileyo.

Ngaphaya koko, ukubandakanyeka koluntu kunye noyilo lomxholo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kuyilo lwemveli, ziqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokubandakanya uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwinkqubo yoyilo. Ngokwenza njalo, abayili bezakhiwo banokudala uyilo olubonisa ixabiso, iimfuno kunye neminqweno yoluntu.

Ilifa leNkcubeko kunye nobuntu bukwayimiba ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwemveli, njengoko idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni nokwamkela amabali, izithethe, kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni zoluntu. Uyilo olubonisa ilifa lenkcubeko kunye nesazisi zibonelela ngemvakalelo yobunye kunye nokuba yeyabantu, ukuqinisa unxibelelwano loluntu kumhlaba wabo.

Ukuxabisa iZakhiwo zeMveli

Uyilo lwemveli sisithethe esahlukileyo kwaye esityebileyo esohluka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi. Ukusuka kwi-igloos yabantu bama-Inuit e-Arctic ukuya kwizindlu ze-adobe zabantu basePueblo kumazantsi-ntshona e-United States, uyilo ngalunye lubonisa imeko yendawo eyahlukileyo.

Ukubaluleka koyilo lwemveli makungajongelwa phantsi. Isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sonxibelelwano olunzulu phakathi kwabantu, inkcubeko, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokuxabisa kunye nokubhiyozela ilifa lemveli lokwakha, sinokufumana ukuqonda okunzulu ngehlabathi elisingqongileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, imithetho-siseko yoyilo lwemveli - iimeko zendawo, iindlela zemveli, ulwakhiwo lweelwimi zomthonyama, uthethathethwano noluntu, kunye nelifa lemveli lenkcubeko - kufuneka ikhuthaze uyilo lwangoku. Ukwamkela le migaqo kunokukhokelela ekudalweni kozinzo, intlonipho yendalo, kunye noyilo olunentsingiselo yenkcubeko.

FAQ

Umbuzo: Yintoni uyilo olusekwe kwindawo kuyilo lwemveli?

A: Uyilo olusekwe kwindawo kuyilo lwemveli lubhekiselele kwindlela yokuyila uyilo loyilo olundele nzulu kwimeko yendawo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko yoluntu oluthile. Ibandakanya ukubandakanya izinto ezifana nezixhobo zengingqi, iindlela zokwakha zemveli, kunye nothethathethwano loluntu ukuyila izakhiwo ezibonisa iinqobo ezisemgangathweni, iimfuno, kunye nolangazelelo lwabantu bomthonyama.

Umbuzo: Ingaba iindlela zokwakha zesintu zinegalelo njani kuyilo oluzinzileyo kuyilo lwemveli?

A: Iindlela zokwakha zemveli kuyilo lwemveli zihlala zibeka phambili iindlela zoyilo oluzinzileyo. Ngokusebenzisa imathiriyeli yasekhaya kunye nobuchule obudluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, abayili bezakhiwo bomthonyama bayakwazi ukuyila izakhiwo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ezidibana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nendalo engqongileyo. Le ndlela inciphisa i impembelelo yendalo kwaye ikhuthaza ukuzinza ngakumbi indawo eyakhelweyo.

Umbuzo: Yintoni indima yoyilo lomxholo kunye nokuzibandakanya koluntu kuyilo lwemveli?

A: Uyilo lomxholo ngumba ophambili woyilo lwemveli, obandakanya ukuqonda kunye nokusabela kwiimfuno ezithile kunye nolangazelelo loluntu lwengingqi. Abaqulunqi bomthonyama basebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye noluntu kuyo yonke inkqubo yoyilo, beqinisekisa ukuba isiphumo sokugqibela sibonisa ixabiso lenkcubeko, izithethe kunye nesazisi sabo. Le ndlela yokufundisa ikhuthaza uluvo lokuba ngabanini kunye nokuxhotyiswa phakathi koluntu kwaye iyila uyilo olunentsingiselo ngokwenene nolufanelekileyo.

Umbuzo: Zisetyenziswa njani izixhobo zengingqi kulwakhiwo lweelwimi zomthonyama kuluntu lwemveli?

A: Iimathiriyeli zengingqi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lweelwimi zemveli ngaphakathi Iindawo zemveli. Abayili bezakhiwo kunye nabakhi basebenzisa izinto ezifumaneka lula kwindawo yendawo, njengemithi, ilitye, umhlaba, okanye ingca. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zikhethwa ngenxa yokufaneleka kwazo kwimozulu yendawo kunye nentsingiselo yazo yenkcubeko, ziqinisekisa ukuba i-architecture ibonisa iimpawu ezizodwa zommandla kunye nokudibanisa koluntu kumhlaba.

Umbuzo: Uyilo lwendalo luligcina njani ilifa lenkcubeko kunye nesazisi?

A: Uyilo lwemveli lusebenza njengesixhobo esinamandla sokugcina ilifa lenkcubeko kunye nesazisi. Ngokubandakanya izinto zoyilo eziqhelekileyo, Ukuxoxa ngamabali, kunye nesimboli, uyilo loyilo lunokubonisa kwaye lubhiyozele izithethe zenkcubeko, ixabiso kunye namabali oluntu. Uyilo lwemveli lomeleza unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu nomhlaba wabo, lukhulisa imvakalelo yokuzazi kunye nokuzingca ngenkcubeko phakathi koluntu.

Umbuzo: Ngaba ungabonelela ngemizekelo yoyilo lwemveli oluvela kwihlabathi liphela?

A: Ngokuqinisekileyo! Uyilo lwemveli lunokufumaneka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezinye eziphawulekayo mi zekelo kuquka izindlu ezinqatyisiweyo zabantu baseBatak e-Indonesia, izakhiwo ze-adobe zezizwe zasePueblo kumazantsi-ntshona e-United States, kunye nezindlu ezinde zabantu base-Iban eBorneo, Maleyishiya. Uyilo ngalunye lubonisa imeko yendawo eyahlukileyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko yoluntu lwemveli.