Amazwe aphezulu e-Europe ngokulungisa kabusha izakhiwo

Buildings worldwide use over 25% of global energy, leading to huge greenhouse gas emissions. To hit Net Zero by 2050, we need to upgrade hundreds of millions of buildings. This is a big task for Europe’s top countries in retrofitting buildings¹.

The construction sector is a big user of energy, making up 30% of global use and 27% of emissions. This makes energy efficiency in Europe very important for sustainable building. The International Energy Agency (IEA) says we must retrofit at least 20% of existing buildings by 2030. This is a key goal for retrofitting leaders in Europe¹.

The Global Retrofit Index scores countries on 11 criteria. No G20 country scores well on all, showing we need to do better in Europe. Even the best European countries have a lot to do to meet the IEA’s targets. Deep energy retrofits can cut energy use and emissions, making buildings more efficient².

I-European Union ihlose ukuba izwekazi lokuqala elingathathi hlangothi ngesimo sezulu ngo-2050. Lo mgomo uholele ekwenyukeni izinhlelo zokwakha eziluhlaza futhi retrofitting incentives⁴. Building retrofitting is key to this goal, as it cuts down energy use and emissions. The construction sector in the EU is responsible for about 36% of carbon dioxide emissions⁴.

Izakhiwo eziningi ze-EU zakhiwa ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1970, ezinama-66% azo⁴. This makes retrofitting crucial to make these buildings energy-efficient. The European Green Deal aims to reduce energy use and emissions, with retrofitting playing a big part in this.

I-EU ihlela ukusebenzisa i-EUR 1 billion eminyakeni eyishumi ekwakheni ukubuyisela kabusha⁴. Le mali izosiza ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokwakha eziluhlaza futhi retrofitting incentives. It will encourage sustainable building practices in the construction sector. As the EU pushes for imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu kanye nokwakhiwa okusimeme, indima yokubuyisela kabusha izokhula.

Understanding European building stock and the European Green Deal’s impact on retrofitting is vital. It shows the importance of izinhlelo zokwakha eziluhlaza futhi retrofitting incentives ekufinyeleleni izwekazi elingathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ngo-2050⁵.

IJalimane ihamba phambili ekwenzeni izakhiwo zonge amandla kakhudlwana. Igxile ekubuyekezeni izakhiwo ezindala ukuze zisebenzise amandla amancane. Uhulumeni unikeza imali mboleko enenzalo ephansi kanye nezibonelelo ukusiza⁶. Lo mzamo wehlise ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngo-2% ngo-2022⁶.

The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) and the Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMUV) drive Germany’s energy policy. They aim to use more amandla avuselelweko, njengomoya nelanga⁷. Lo mgomo uyingxenye yohlelo olukhulu lokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhishwa kwegesi ngama-30% ngo-2020.⁷.

Ukulungiswa okuyonga amandla ulethe izinzuzo eziningi. Banciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye ne-emissions, futhi baphinde badale amathuba omsebenzi. EJalimane, imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-500,000 yenziwe ngamandla avuselelekayo kusukela ngo-2006.⁷. Nazi ezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile:

Ngamafuphi, indlela yaseJalimane yokuthuthukisa ukwakha amandla okusebenza kahle iyisibonelo esihle kwabanye. Ngokusekela izibuyekezo ezonga ugesi kanye namaphrojekthi aluhlaza, iJalimane yehlise ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhishwayo futhi yakhuphula imisebenzi kanye nomnotho⁶.

Scandinavian countries lead in sustainable building retrofits. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway focus on new methods and solutions. They aim to cut energy use and emissions by 2020 and 2050⁸.

E-Sweden, izakhiwo zisebenzisa u-30% wamandla wezwe futhi zidala u-7% wesisi⁸. The government wants to stop using fossil fuels for heating by 2020⁸. I-EU inezakhiwo eziyizigidi eziyi-110 ezidinga ukulungiswa, ngama-35% ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala⁹.

IDenmark ihamba phambili ukwakhiwa okusimeme eYurophu. Igxila ku ukuthuthukiswa kwe-eco-friendly and new methods. The country uses district heating and biofuels to cut energy and emissions⁸.

Sweden is a top country for sustainable building retrofits. It aims to reduce energy and emissions. Sweden uses district heating and biofuels to lessen its environmental impact⁸. BREEAM is used in 80% of EU-certified sustainable buildings, mainly in the UK⁹.

INorway ingumholi ekwakhiweni okusimeme, ikakhulukazi e-Arctic. Igxile ekubuyiseleni kabusha futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-eco-friendly. I-Norway isebenzisa ukushisisa kwesifunda kanye nama-biofuels ukuze kuncishiswe amandla nokukhishwa kwegesi⁸. I-EU ihlose umgomo wokonga ugesi ongu-20% ngo-2020⁹.

The Netherlands leads in circular economy retrofitting, aiming to cut waste and boost sustainability¹⁰. Izindlu ngemuva kokulungiswa kabusha zisebenzisa amandla angaphansi kwama-70-80%.¹⁰. Izwe lisebenzisa ikhefu lentela kanye nezikweletu ezinenzalo ephansi ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme.

Ukusebenzisa izikhuthazo kubonise ukuthi kusebenza kahle e-Netherlands. Ibeke indinganiso kwamanye amazwe¹¹. Imithetho yokwakha yase-Europe iphinde isekele ukubuyisela kabusha okusimeme, okugxile ekuncishisweni kwamandla kanye ne-emissions¹².

Ukulungiswa kabusha komnotho oyindilinga waseNetherlands kuletha izinzuzo eziningi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni
• More sustainable materials and less waste
• Imisebenzi emisha kanye nokukhula komnotho
• Izimo ezingcono zokuhlala kubahlali

Imodeli yaseNetherlands yokubuyisela kabusha iyisibani kwabanye. Imizamo yayo yokunciphisa imfucuza kanye nokusimama inciphise kakhulu amandla kanye nentuthu¹⁰. As the EU pushes for green buildings, the Netherlands’ approach will be key¹².

I-France isiqale uhlelo olukhulu lokubuyisela kabusha. Ihlose ukunciphisa ubumpofu bamandla kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuvuselelwa kwamadolobha. Lokhu kuhambisana nezakhiwo eziluhlaza zezwe kanye nezinhlelo zokonga ugesi. Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngezibonelelo kanye nemalimboleko enenzalo ephansi ukusiza abanikazi bezakhiwo bathuthukise izakhiwo zabo¹³.

Uhulumeni waseFrance ufuna ukwenza amakhaya angama-500,000 abe ngcono unyaka ngamunye. Bagxila ekusizeni labo abaswele kakhulu. Lokhu kuyingxenye yohlelo lwabo lokulwa nobubha bamandla kanye nokusekela ukukhula okusimeme¹³. Izakhiwo zaseFrance ziwumthombo omkhulu wokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, okwenza ngaphezu kwama-25% azo¹³.

Ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zohlelo lwe-France lokubuyisela kabusha yilezi:

• Imizamo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni¹³
• Projects to make cities better and more sustainable¹³
• Izibonelelo nemalimboleko ukusiza abanikazi bokwakha ngokuthuthukiswa¹³

Izakhiwo zaseFrance zisebenzisa amandla amaningi, okwenza u-40% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezweni. Ingqikithi yendawo yezakhiwo ingaphansi kuka-4 billion m²¹³. Uhulumeni uthemba ukuthi izakhiwo zisebenzise amandla amancane kakhulu ngo-2050, kuhloswe ukuthi kube ngu-80 kWh/m²/ngonyaka.¹³.

Amazwe aphezulu eYurophu asebenzise amasu ahlakaniphile ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zawo. Bamise izinqubomgomo, banikeza izikhuthazo, futhi bazama izindlela ezintsha zokwakha ngendlela eqhubekayo. Lokhu kuholele ekuncipheni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Izakhiwo e-EU zisebenzisa u-40% wamandla futhi zikhipha ama-36% e-GHG ekhishwayo¹⁴.

Ukuvuselela izakhiwo ze-EU kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhishwa kwegesi ngo-5%¹⁴.

Lawa mazwe agxile ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe bokonga ugesi, njengamasistimu ophahla lwelanga. Lezi zinhlelo zinganciphisa izindleko zikagesi ngo-75%¹⁵. They’ve also seen a 38% jump in green jobs through energy communities¹⁵.

Nali ithebula elibonisa ezinye zezimpumelelo zabo:

Lawa mazwe akhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi kakhulu. Baphinde bakhuphula imisebenzi yokwakha esimeme kanye nemisebenzi eluhlaza¹⁴.

Usizo lwezezimali nokusekelwa kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola abanikazi bezakhiwo ukuthi babuyisele izakhiwo zabo. Lesi senzo sinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. I-European Union inikeza izibonelelo nezibonelelo ukusiza ekulungiseni izakhiwo¹⁶. Lezi zinsiza zisiza abanikazi ukuthi babhekane nezindleko eziphezulu zokubuyisela kabusha.

Imithetho yokwakha yase-Europe iphinde ibe neqhaza, ihlose ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi¹⁷. The EU’s Energy Performance of Buildings Directive sets energy standards for buildings. It also offers incentives for owners to meet these standards. The EU’s Recovery and Resilience Facility funds building renovation projects, supporting retrofitting efforts¹⁸.

Ezinye izinsiza zezimali eziyinhloko zokubuyisela kabusha zihlanganisa:

• Izibonelelo zikahulumeni kanye nemixhaso
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemboni yangasese
• Izinhlelo zoxhaso ze-EU

Lezi zikhuthazi zisiza ekulungiseni izakhiwo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuncane kanye nokukhipha umoya¹⁶. Umgomo we-EU ukukhuthaza abanikazi ukuthi babuyisele inzuzo. Lokhu kusekela uhlaza, ukonga amandla imvelo eyakhiwe.

Ukulungiswa okuyonga amandla zibalulekile emkhakheni wezokwakha waseYurophu. Amathrendi okubuyisela kabusha aluhlaza zihamba phambili ekusimameni. Umkhakha wezokwakha ubhekele u-35% wezinto ezikhishwayo ezihlobene namandla e-EU kanye nama-32% okusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo.¹⁹. Lokhu kukhombisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezixazululo ezintsha zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.

Smart building technologies and renewable energy systems are crucial for retrofitting success. For instance, energy-monitoring sensors in homes can lower energy use and costs²⁰. Ukufakwa kwephampu yelanga nokushisa ophahleni nakho kunqamula ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa¹⁹.

Amadolobha afana neGalway neKrakow ahamba phambili ngokulungisa kabusha okuluhlaza. Basebenzisa uhlelo lweNetZeroCities²⁰. Lokhu kuhloswe ngakho ukubuyisela kabusha izakhiwo ngezinto zokwakha zasendaweni kanye nobuchwepheshe bokonga ugesi. Njengesidingo se ukulungiswa okuyonga ugesi iyakhula, sizobona izixazululo ezintsha.

Energy-efficient renovations and green retrofitting offer many benefits. They reduce energy use, lower emissions, and save costs for owners and users. As the EU focuses on sustainable development and cutting carbon emissions, tech innovations will play a bigger role in retrofitting success¹⁹.

Imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu ziyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kabusha kwenziwa kahle. I-European Green Deal ihlose ukukhipha i-net-zero ngo-2050. Lokhu kusho utshalomali olukhulu ekukhiqizeni okuluhlaza.²¹. Izitifiketi zokusebenza kwamandla kanye namakhodi wokwakha asiza ukwenza ukubuyisela kabusha kuqhubeke isikhathi eside.

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) wants to cut emissions by 60% by 2030²¹. Ngo-2021, wonke amabhilidi amasha e-EU kumele acishe abe namandla²¹. I-BR23 yaseDenmark ihlose ukunciphisa ngo-70% ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yokwakha ngo-2030.²¹.

Amabhilidi angama-40% emazweni athuthukile kwezomnotho akhiwa ngaphambi kuka-1980²². Umgomo uwukwenza u-20% wezakhiwo ezikhona zibe zero-carbon ngo-2030²². Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhloso ze-decarbonisation, kudingeka isilinganiso esingu-2% sonyaka sokulungiswa okujulile kusukela manje kuze kube ngu-2030.²².

Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa ezinye zezihluthulelo imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu kanye nezinhloso:

Le mithetho ikhombisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani imithetho yokwakha yaseYurophu ezentuthuko eluhlaza kanye nokusikeka kokukhishwa kwesisi²¹. Ngokulandela lokhu, i-EU ingafinyelela umgomo wayo wokukhishwa kwe-net-zero ngo-2050. Lokhu kuzokwenza indawo yethu eyakhiwe isimeme.²².

In Europe, many countries are working on social housing retrofitting. They aim to cut down energy poverty and encourage green living²³. Le mizamo ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokubuyisela kabusha, ukuthuthukiswa okonga ugesi, nezindlela ezintsha zokukhokhela lezi zinguquko, njengephrojekthi ye-Opengela. Le phrojekthi inikeza izikweletu zeminyaka engu-15 emindenini ehola kancane²³.

The Affordable Housing Initiative has a budget of about 1 million euros, funded by the EU. It has helped 22 areas over two years. The focus is on making homes more energy-efficient and welcoming to everyone²³.

Izindlu zomphakathi zakha cishe u-8% wawo wonke amakhaya e-EU. Amazwe afana ne-Austria, Denmark, ne-Netherlands anokwengeziwe, kufika ku-20%²⁴. Ukuze sifinyelele i-carbon-neutral building stock ngo-2050, sidinga ukulungisa amakhaya amaningi²⁴. Deep renovations can make buildings better for living, health, and the environment²⁵.

Abanye abahlinzeki bezindlu, njenge-Himmerland Boligforening e-Aalborg East, bahlose ukuthuthukisa impilo nemfundo kubahlali.²³. Cishe amakhaya ayizigidi ezingama-25 aphethwe yiHousing Europe, okungama-11% amakhaya aseYurophu.²³. I-EU ifuna ukuthi ingathathi hlangothi ngo-2050, futhi ukulungisa kabusha izindlu zomphakathi kuwukhiye kulo mgomo.²⁴. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza kanye nezikhuthazo, singehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi, sisize iplanethi yethu²⁵.

Across Europe, commercial building transformation projects are on the rise. They focus on making buildings more energy-efficient and sustainable. This move is in line with the EU’s efforts to cut emissions and fight climate change²⁶.

Izakhiwo emhlabeni wonke ziwumthombo omkhulu wokukhishwa kwe-CO2, kanti u-39% wayo yonke igesi ekhishwayo ivela kuzo²⁷. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, izinkampani zithuthukela ezinhlelweni ezonga amandla futhi zihlola izindlela ezintsha zokuthola imali. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi ye-BUILD UPON inesabelomali se-€2.35 million futhi ihlanganisa iGreen Building Councils evela emazweni angu-13.²⁶.

Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zalawa maphrojekthi zihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane kanye nokukhishwa okuncane
• Better air quality and health for occupants
• Inani lempahla ephakeme kanye nokuncintisana
• Ukusiza ekudaleni indawo eyakhiwe iluhlaza

I-EU ifuna ukubona ukulungiswa okujulile ku-3% wezakhiwo minyaka yonke ngo-2030²⁷. Izinkampani kufanele zamukele ukulungiswa kabusha okuluhlaza futhi zitshale imali ekuthuthukisweni okuwonga ugesi. Ngale ndlela, bangakwazi ukunciphisa umthelela wabo kwezemvelo, bathuthukise isithombe sabo, futhi basize ukwakha ikusasa eliluhlaza.

In Europe, preserving historic buildings is a big deal. Many projects aim to keep these buildings standing while cutting down energy use. This effort not only saves our cultural heritage but also helps the environment.

Izakhiwo eziningi ezindala eYurophu zidinga ukwenziwa ukuthi ziwonge kakhudlwana. Cishe ama-20-30% amakhaya e-UK anenani elithile lomlando²⁸. Ukwenza lezi zakhiwo zihlakaniphe kakhulu amandla kuyinselelo enkulu, kodwa kuyenzeka.

Izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwenzalo kubanikazi kuyizithiyo ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, izinguquko ezilula ezifana nokufaka ukukhanya nokukhanyisa okungcono kungenza umehluko omkhulu²⁹. Izakhiwo eYurophu zisebenzisa cishe u-40% wawo wonke amandla, okubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukulungisa kabusha³⁰.

Ukuphatha izinselelo zokubuyisela kabusha kubalulekile. Kusiza ukugcina umlando wezakhiwo unjalo ngenkathi wengeza amakhaya amasha²⁹. Amabhilidi amadala abhekene nesithiyo ngoba awakhiwe kucatshangelwa ukonga ugesi wanamuhla²⁹. Amazinga afana ne-EN 16883:2017 namaphrojekthi afana ne-IEA-SHC Task 59 asiza ekutholeni izindlela zokwenza lezi zakhiwo zonge amandla³⁰.

Amaphrojekthi okubuyisela kabusha enze umehluko omkhulu, njengoba amazwe amaningi ehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye negesi³¹. EYurophu, ukwenza izakhiwo ziwonge ugesi kubalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wazo kwezemvelo. Cishe u-40% wamandla e-EU uya ezakhiweni, futhi ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yezinto ezikhishwayo zivela kuzo³¹.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezakhiwo kungonga amandla afika ku-80% ezakhiweni ezindala³². I-EU ifuna ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngo-55% ngo-2030. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka umsebenzi omningi ukwenza izakhiwo zonge amandla kakhudlwana e-EU yonkana.³².

Izinzuzo zokubuyisela kabusha zicacile:

• Amandla amancane asetshenzisiwe
• Ukukhishwa okuphansi
• Umoya ongcono ngaphakathi
• Inani eliphakeme lesakhiwo

I-EU ihlose ukuthi kube namabhilidi angakhiphi i-zero ngo-2050. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kwe-Europe.³¹. Ngezinhlelo ezifanele nobuchwepheshe, singakha ikusasa eliluhlaza kubo bonke.

Ikusasa lokulungiswa kabusha kwesakhiwo lixhunyaniswe nalo izinhlelo zokwakha eziluhlaza futhi retrofitting incentives. These are set to boost the industry’s growth. The world is moving towards sustainable practices, increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings.

Idatha yezibalo³³ ibonisa ukuthi izakhiwo zenza u-40% wamandla omhlaba kanye nokukhishwa kwe-CO2. Lokhu kugqamisa isidingo retrofitting incentives ukunciphisa ukukhishwa.

Izitayela ezisafufusa zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto zokubasa namandla avuselelekayo. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kukasimende ngo-20%³³. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nakho kunganciphisa izidingo zikagesi wezitshalo zikasimende kuze kufike ku-30%³³.

Imizamo yokutshala izihlahla emhlabeni jikelele idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kuka-$3.5 trillion, no-$1.5 trillion ezimakethe ezisafufusa³³.

Ukubuyisela kabusha izikhuthazo zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali emhlabeni wonke kwe-US$3 trillion³⁴. I-Global North kumele iphindwe kathathu izilinganiso ze-decarbonization zibe okungenani ku-3% ngonyaka³⁴. Amaphothifoliyo e-Decarbonizing abiza u-10% -20% we-AUM, ngokuhlukahluka kwezinga lempahla³⁴.

Ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwehhovisi laseCentral London kunciphe ngo-70% ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokonga okungamathani angama-200 e-CO2³⁴. Lokhu kungase kwenyuse imbuyiselo isiyonke ngamaphoyinti angu-225 phakathi neminyaka eyi-10³⁴.

The future of building retrofitting is bright, with a growing need for green initiatives and incentives. As the industry grows, we’ll see more innovative solutions and technologies. These will drive growth and cut emissions.

Izakhiwo zokwakha zaseYurophu zisebenzisa ama-40% wamandla e-EU³⁵. Making buildings more energy-efficient is key to cutting down energy use and emissions. Green retrofitting is becoming more popular, aiming to mix energy saving with using renewable energy in building updates³⁵.

Kodwa-ke, ukulungisa kabusha kubhekana nezithiyo eziningi. Abantu baseYurophu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-34 abanayo imali yokushisisa amakhaya abo³⁵. Lokhu kukhombisa isidingo sezinketho zokubuyisela kabusha ezithengekayo nezifinyeleleka kalula. Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi amasha okuxhasa ngezimali, njenge-EPC, kusenomkhawulo futhi akusizi ngokulungiswa okukhulu³⁵.

Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinkinga, ohulumeni namaqembu baqala amaphrojekthi amasha. Isibonelo, "i-Superbonus" yase-Italy ivumela abantu nezinkampani ukuthi balungise ngosizo lwezezimali³⁵. IPhalamende LaseYurophu nalo lisebenza ezinhlelweni ezingenza kube lula ukuthi abanikazi bezakhiwo bavuselele³⁶.

Ukwamukela ukulungiswa kabusha okuluhlaza nokonga amandla kuletha izinzuzo eziningi. Isiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukukhishwa, kanye nobumpofu bamandla. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokweseka le mizamo ukuze kube nemvelo eyakhiwe ehlanzekile neyonga amandla.

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezakhiweni kubala ngaphezu kwama-25% okukhishwa kwe-GHG emhlabeni jikelele¹.
• Amakhulu ezigidi zamabhilidi adinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze azuze i-Net Zero ngo-2050¹.
• I-IEA incoma ukuthi okungenani u-20% wezakhiwo ezikhona kufanele zibe sezibuyiselwe amandla ngo-2030.¹.
• Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla ajulile kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi².
• Cishe ibhiliyoni elingu-17.6 m² yendawo yokuhlala ekhona e-EU-27, kanti i-15 billion m² iyashiselwa.³.
• Amazwe asebenzisa amandla aphezulu kakhulu ngezinjongo zokuhlala ahlanganisa i-France, iJalimane, i-Italy, i-Netherlands, i-Poland, ne-UK.³.

Ikusasa lika³⁷ ukwakha kabusha e-Europe kubukeka kugqamile. Iqhutshwa umgomo owabiwe wokusimama nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. I-European Union ifuna ukuphinda kabili izinga lokuvuselelwa kwamandla ngo-2030³⁷. Lokhu kuzoholela ebuchwephesheni obusha obengeziwe nezinqubomgomo eziqinile.

Ukulungiswa kabusha kwamandla ajulile kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-60%³⁷. Lesi isinyathelo esikhulu esibheke emgomweni we-EU wokungathathi hlangothi maphakathi nekhulunyaka. Kodwa, sidinga ukulungisa kabili ngokushesha ukuze sifinyelele lezi zinhloso³⁷. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sidinga utshalomali oluningi.

Usizo lukahulumeni, imali yangasese, kanye nezenzo zomuntu ngamunye kuzoba ukhiye³⁷. Abanikazi bezindlu nabaphathi bezakhiwo banendima enkulu okufanele bayidlale. Kudingeka baqaphele imvelo futhi banikezwe amandla okwenza izinguquko. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza ukwakhiwa okuzinzile kwande eYurophu.

IJalimane, iDenmark, neFrance yizona ezihamba phambili ekulungiseni kabusha³⁷. Ikusasa lizobona inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe obusha, izinguquko zenqubomgomo, namashifu okuziphatha. Lokhu kuzoshintsha i-³⁸ Indawo yokwakha yaseYurophu iminyaka ezayo.

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2. Amamodeli E-Deep Retrofit: Umbono Womhlaba Wonke - Ihabhu Lokusebenza Ngokusebenza Kwamandla - https://energyefficiencyhub.org/resources/deep-retrofit-models-a-global-perspective/
3. Europe’s Building Stock – A Comprehensive Study – https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/138853-europes-building-stock-a-comprehensive-study
4. Imihlahlandlela Eyenziwe Lula Yezimo Zokubuyisela kabusha Emazweni AseYurophu - https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2408
5. I-Energy Retrofit Emigodlagodleni Yokwakha YaseYurophu: Ukubuyekezwa Kwezici Ezinhlanu Ezibalulekile - https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/18/7465
6. I-Germany - Amandla - https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/germany-energy
7. I-PDF - https://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/case/cp/cccsummary.pdf
8. I-PDF - https://formas.se/download/18.462d60ec167c69393b91e53c/1549956093043/Formas_SB11_brochure.pdf
9. Ibheke Ekulungisweni Kahle Kwezakhiwo Zomlando: Ukubuyekezwa Kwezincwadi - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/8/2/22
10. I-PDF - https://world-habitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Project-Summary-Energiesprong-The-Netherlands.pdf
11. Imikhakha - https://www.circularity-gap.world/sectors
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13. I-PP batiment eqinile yaseFrance font13 final - https://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/PP batiment durable France V08132019_0.pdf
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17. I-PDF - https://www.eurima.org/uploads/files/modules/articles/1577093388_Eurima-Financing_Mechanisms.pdf
18. Ungaluxhasa kanjani ngezimali uhlelo lokwakhiwa kwe-decarbonisation lwe-European Union - https://www.bruegel.org/policy-brief/how-finance-european-unions-building-decarbonisation-plan
19. Ukulungisa kabusha i-Europe: Amathuba avuleka endaweni eyakhiwe - https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/electric-power-and-natural-gas/our-insights/refurbishing-europe-igniting-opportunities-in-the-built-environment
20. Ukubuyisela kabusha kungawakha kanjani amadolobha anempilo, aphileka kakhudlwana? - Climate-KIC - https://www.climate-kic.org/news/how-can-retrofitting-create-healthier-more-liveable-cities/
21. Green Construction Regulations in Europe – https://www.revalu.io/journal/green-construction-in-europe-taxonomy-epbd-and-building-regulations
22. Ukuvuselelwa kwengxenye ecishe ibe ngu-20% yesitokwe sesakhiwo esikhona sibe sesilungile se-zero-carbon ngo-2030 kuyinto efiselekayo kodwa kuyadingeka - Ukuhlaziywa - IEA - https://www.iea.org/reports/renovation-of-near-20-of-existing-building-stock-to-zero-carbon-ready-by-2030-is-ambitious-but-necessary
23. Uguquko lwezindlu ezithengekayo lwaseYurophu: Amandla okuhola ngesibonelo - https://sustainable-energy-week.ec.europa.eu/news/europes-affordable-housing-revolution-power-leading-example-2025-01-30_en
24. Financing deep retrofit of social housing with a holistic neighbourhood approach | Smart Cities Marketplace – https://smart-cities-marketplace.ec.europa.eu/news-and-events/events/financing-deep-retrofit-social-housing-holistic-neighbourhood-approach
25. Imbuyiselo yezindlu zomphakathi: Izifundo eziyisibonelo ekuhlanganyeleni kwabahlali - https://www.re-dwell.eu/publications/social-housing-retrofit-case-studies-in-resident-engagement
26. World’s largest collaborative retrofit project launches to cut emissions from buildings – World Green Building Council – https://worldgbc.org/article/worlds-largest-collaborative-retrofit-project-launches-to-cut-emissions-from-buildings/
27. Ukulungisa kabusha izakhiwo namakhaya esikhathi esizayo - https://smartbuildingsmagazine.com/features/retrofitting-the-buildings-and-homes-of-the-future
28. Ukucatshangelwa kabusha kwezakhiwo eziyigugu zokuhlala | Izakhiwo namadolobhakazi - https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/10.5334/bc.94
29. Ukuhlaziya Izithiyo Ezibalulekile Zokubuyisela Kabusha Izakhiwo Zomlando Ukuze Kuzuzwe I-Net Zero Emissions - https://openconstructionbuildingtechnologyjournal.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e18748368357448/FULLTEXT/
30. Izixazululo Zokubuyisela Ezivumelana Nokugcinwa Kwempahla Ezakhiweni Zomlando: Indlela Edidiyelwe - https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/5/2927
31. Umyalelo Wokusebenza Kwamandla Ezakhiwo - https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/energy-performance-buildings-directive_en
32. Isahluko 9: Izakhiwo - https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/chapter/chapter-9/
33. Ukwakha Okuluhlaza: Ukwakhiwa Okusimeme Ezimakethe Ezisafufusa - https://www.ifc.org/en/insights-reports/2023/building-green-in-emerging-markets
34. I-PDF - https://www.jll.co.uk/content/dam/jll-com/documents/pdf/research/jll-retrofitting-buildings-to-be-future-fit.pdf
35. Ukukhuthaza Izakhiwo Zokulungisa Okujulile kulo lonke elase-EU - Fedarene - https://fedarene.org/promoting-deep-renovation-buildings-across-the-eu/
36. Igagasi lokulungiswa okuluhlaza kwe-EU libhekene nokuhlehla - https://www.politico.eu/article/eus-green-renovation-wave-faces-backlash/
37. Ukusheshisa ukulungiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezakhiwo zokuhlala - indlela yokuziphatha - https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/accelerating-the-energy-efficiency
38. Ithuba E-Europe's Green Retrofit | UMorgan Stanley - https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/european-green-deal-buildings