Isingeniso

Globally, sustainability is becoming a pressuring issue to countless organisations with consumers defiantly refusing to passively await action from companies but, conversely, impelling them to do their bit to assist the environment. In other words, a wider segment of corporates spanning an assortment of industries, are demonstrating a growing interest in ukwakhiwa okusimeme izindlela, hhayi nje kuphela ukuvela kwemithetho eqinile evela emigwaqweni kahulumeni kodwa futhi evela emphakathini ngokuya ngokuqaphela imvelo.

Faced with these challenges, construction companies must advocate their importance in climate change while they address government regulations and alleviate the burdens of limited resources and consumer demand.

But buried amid this is a fundamental question, what is considered sustainable? Research shows that a miscellany of definitions has been provided to encapsulate the breadth of sustainability. However, most people approve of the simplest and most comprehensive definition set by the 1987 U.N. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), commonly known as the Brundtland Report; here, sustainable development is defined as activities that:

"kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zamanje ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhono lezizukulwane ezizayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo."

UNESCO

Ukusimama Embonini Yezokwakha

Ukwakhiwa okusimeme, ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi yisakhiwo esimeme noma ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza, kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa kabusha izakhiwo kanye nezinto zokwakha kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezigaywe kabusha, ukunciphisa imfucuza ebangelwa izinqumo zokuklama nangesikhathi sokwakha, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla namanzi kumaphrojekthi aphelile. kanye nangesikhathi sokwakha kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okuvela emisebenzini yokwakha.

Sustainable construction is aimed to lessen the overall environmental impact of its operations; it should not end at the completion of the project. With this, the property should eventually have reduced environmental impact throughout the course of its life. This means that the design of the building should include components that have a long-term beneficial influence on the environmental impact.

Inkinga enkulu emkhakheni wezokwakha imiphumela engaba khona yezemvelo ehambisana nalokho okuphokophelwe isisebenzi, okumele kucatshangelwe kahle ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuklama njengoba isihloko sibanzi futhi sibanzi.

Ukubaluleka Kokwakha Okusimeme

The umkhakha wezokwakha has a large effect on the environment in terms of energy consumption and emissions.

Construction is one of the least sustainable activities currently underway on planet Earth. It has a major effect on the environment, from energy use to emissions and waste. Oftentimes, equipment depends on fossil fuels, as well as manufacturing materials and transportation, to produce greenhouse gases.

As mentioned by the UK Designing Buildings Wiki:

45% of total UK carbon emissions (27% from domestic buildings and 18% from non-domestic) come from built construction.

U-72% wezinto ezikhishwa ekhaya zivela ekushiseni komkhathi kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ashisayo.

U-32% wemfucuza uqhamuka ekwakhiweni nasekubhidlizweni kwezakhiwo.

I-13% yemikhiqizo ehanjiswa ezindaweni zokwakha ithunyelwa ngqo endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa.

I-Design Buildings Wiki

Isinqumo sokwakha isakhiwo esisha sisho ukuzibophezela okungenakuhlehliswa ekusebenziseni izinsiza. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kunzima ukunciphisa njengoba abaklami nosonkontileka abakwazi ukushintsha ukuzibophezela.

Ukukhishwa Kwekhabhoni

Ukwengeza engcupheni yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini nakho kukhulu kakhulu. Nakuba izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni sisinda futhi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amafutha ezinsalela, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini okungasebenzi kahle, njengegridi kagesi ephelelwe yisikhathi, kubangela ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile ekugcineni. Phela, umkhakha wezokwakha osebenzisa u-36% wamandla omhlaba kanye no-40% we-CO2 ekhishwayo, ubala iphesenti elikhulu lamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-CO2 kweplanethi yonke.

Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kungase kuthinteke kakhulu ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthwa kwezimpahla, njengoba kuyisenzakalo esivamile sokuthi imisebenzi yezimayini ibe nomthelela omubi ekunikezeni amanzi aseduze. Isibalo esicishe sibe ngamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.8 e-CO2 sizoqhubeka sikhuphuka, njengoba kukhiqizwa amanye amathani kakhonkolo ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine unyaka ngamunye.

Harmful waste produced during construction, as well as the inappropriate disposal of this debris, may lead to contamination, which is hazardous to both the environment and the health of the people who live in the region.

Amandla avuselelekayo

Kukhulu okuzuziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ezindaweni zokwakha.

For example, although it is not mainstream yet, it is quite interesting to know of a popular battery system that includes modular designs that are locally deployable and rechargeable through solar panels. Batteries can power a lot of equipment, including security devices, as well as cars and machines powered by electricity. A single tonne of CO2 emission offset by a technology employed on a big iphrojekthi yokwakha kubangela umphumela omkhulu.

Ukwakha Ngezinto Ezisimeme

Izinkuni: Forests that are well-managed offer both a source of construction materials and a habitat for animals.

Ukhonkolo Osimeme: Reducing carbon dioxide output by almost half is made possible using plastic and recycled materials. Although this may only be used in architectural elements, not structural ones, a lot of effort is put into making the shift.

Ezinye Izinto Zezitini: Izitini zingase zidalwe ngokungcola, uvolo, ngisho nezinqamu zikagwayi, ngamandla afanayo, ngaphandle kwekhabhoni eyingozi ekhiqizwa umlilo weziko.

Izinselelo Zokwakha Okusimeme

Izinkampani zokwakha ezinentshisekelo yokusebenzisa a isu elisimeme ukubhekana nobunzima obuthile. Abaningi bakhathazekile ngokuthi asikho isidingo esanele emakethe, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokujoyina imakethe zibonakala zidlulele.

About 40% of UK businesses that responded to a study on sustainability said cost was their biggest issue in implementing sustainable practices. Furthermore, 34% of clients expressed a desire for sustainable construction methods, making it difficult for businesses to balance the line between their demand and their construction costs.

Nakuba ngingumsekeli wokwakhiwa okusimeme, umuntu kufanele aqonde ukuthi imboni yezokwakha inkulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi amaphrojekthi adinga abadlali abaningi ukufeza imisebenzi edingekayo.

Ububanzi bemboni budala inselelo ngoba abantu abaningi baneqhaza ekwakheni umkhiqizo wokugcina. Imboni yakhiwe amafemu ahlakazekile ngokwendawo anosayizi abahlukahlukene, abaklami nabakhi abanezinhloso nezinhloso ezivame ukungqubuzana, kanye nabezimali, amakhasimende, nezinye izakhi eziningi ezihlukahlukene.

This disjointed nature of the industry creates an inertia that makes it very difficult for sustainable/green construction to become the norm in the absence of a concerted strategy.

UMichael Azer, uMphathi Jikelele, Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Solinq Holding Limited

Going green is not an instant process; you will have to work through many issues before you can reap the benefits. Concerns that sustainable construction techniques would cost an organisation more are widely shared within the construction industry.

Izinselelo zesikhangisooukwakhiwa okusimeme kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine ezibanzi: ukwamukela, ulwazi, isikhathi, kanye nezindaba zezezimali.

Ukwamukelwa

Ukufeza ngempumelelo ukusimama, imikhawulo nemiphumela kufanele yamukelwe umnikazi webhilidi, abaklami namathimba okwakha. Ukuntuleka kokuvumelana phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezithintekayo, okusekelwe ekungamukeleni umkhawulo osimeme, kuyisithiyo ekuzuzweni kokwakhiwa okusimeme.

Ulwazi - Sanxin

Kusukela ebukhoneni bethu emakethe, singabona ngokusobala ukuthi ukuntuleka kolwazi olungaguquki noluthembekile mayelana nemikhiqizo esimeme nezisombululo kuyisithiyo esibalulekile ekwamukeleni izinqubo ezizinzile. Akulona nje ulwazi ngokwalo, kodwa futhi ukungakwazi ukwabelana ngolwazi ngokusebenzisa imibhalo ecacile, okuhlanganisa imininingwane, imidwebo, nezinkontileka, okuyisithiyo.

uhlelo lwezikhathi

Ulwazi lwethu embonini luphakamisa ukuthi kunenkolelo evamile yokuthi ukwakhiwa okuzinzile kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukwenziwa. Le nkolelo ingase ichema noma ingafaneleki, kodwa umuntu akanakuphika ukuba khona kwayo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kubuyela emuva ekuntulekeni kolwazi kulo mkhakha, kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo sokucwaninga ezinye izindlela zendabuko nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Izindaba Zezezimali

Izindleko zingase zibe isithiyo ngokuqondile ngendlela ecatshangelwayo yezindleko zangaphambili ezengeziwe noma ngokungaqondile ngendlela yomklamo onzima kakhulu nenqubo yokwakha. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngu Syphers, Baum, Bouton & Salles ikhombe izithiyo ezinhlanu eziphezulu zokulawula izindleko ukuthi zibe:

Lack of a clear green design goal

Imizamo yokusakaza-maphakathi yokuhlanganisa okuluhlaza

Ukuphathwa kwezindawo isakhiwo esiluhlaza inqubo

Ukuntula isipiliyoni / ulwazi nge isakhiwo esiluhlaza; futhi

Isikhathi/uxhaso olunganele

Cal Recycle, Uhulumeni waseCanada

Izinzuzo Zokwakha Okusimeme

Ngokombono wezinto ezibonakalayo, izinkampani zihlala zizimisele ukushintsha uma izikhuthazo zilinganisa izithiyo.

Imithwalo yemfanelo yomphakathi

Enye indlela yokuyibona iwudaba lomsebenzi. Wonke umuntu unendima okumele ayidlale ekuzuzeni ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngonyaka ka-2050. Izinhlawulo kanye nokulimala kwesithunzi cishe kuzobekwa njengoba imibandela yokuthola ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ikhula iqina kakhulu.

Siye sabona ngaphambili kwabezindaba, izikhathi lapho izinkampani zokwakha kuye kwadingeka zibhekane nokugxekwa komphakathi ngezinto ezingcolisa noma ezilimaza imvelo. Ukwamukela ukwakhiwa okusimeme Izindlela zibonisa ukuthi uyayazi imvelo futhi zikhombisa ukuthi uyinkampani enomthwalo wemfanelo.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ababambiqhaza balindele ukuthi izinkampani zokwakha zizosebenzisa izindlela ezisimeme ngawo wonke amakhono azo. E-UK nasemhlabeni wonke, ukwanda kwenani labantu kanye nokwanda kokufudukela emadolobheni kuye kwasiza ekukhuthazeni isidingo sokwakha.

Praises have never been higher, as consumers have become more conscious and interested in corporate social responsibility (CSR), and the increased notion that companies should assist charitable organisations. Ngokusobala, imiphumela ye-CSR iholela ebudlelwaneni bomphakathi obungcono, kodwa ingase futhi ibe nomthelela ekuthengeni ukuziphatha. Ngokocwaningo, lapho imikhiqizo efanayo inamanani afanayo, amakhasimende angama-91% athambekele ekushintsheni izinkampani uma umkhiqizo wabo uhlobene nesizathu esihle.

Uma isakhiwo sakhiwe ngokusimama engqondweni, wonke umuntu uyazuza. Umnikazi webhilidi usiza imvelo ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo. Izakhamuzi kanye nezinkampani zesakhiwo zingase zithi zinendawo encane yemvelo.

Inkampani yokwakha ingase iqeqeshe i-CSR ngokusebenzisa amasu okwakha okusimeme, futhi lokhu kungadluliselwa kuwo wonke ama-supply chain. Isibonelo, lokhu kuyi-PR enhle yenhlangano yakho, uma inhlangano yakho inenkontileka kuphela nabahlinzeki abahlele izinhlelo zokunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni.

Izindleko eziphansi

Izakhiwo eziluhlaza banezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi kunezakwabo. Nakhu idatha ekhombisayo the use of the newest sustainable construction technology may possibly save about $410 billion per year on global energy costs.

Ukwengeza, ungase uzuze ngokwezimali ngokunciphisa udoti ngaphakathi kwebhizinisi lakho. Isibonelo, ukunciphisa udoti kungase kusize umhlinzeki wakho wokuphatha udoti ehlise amanani ayikhokhisayo. Abasebenzisi bangonga ezindlekweni zikaphethiloli ngokukhetha izimoto ezonga uphethiloli.

Ukwakhiwa okuzinzile kunezindleko zokuqala ezikhulayo, kodwa izinzuzo zesikhathi eside ziyigugu. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi inani lalokho okuthiwa izakhiwo “eziluhlaza” inyuke ngo-7% uma iqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezijwayelekile.

To counterbalance any extra expenses that may arise due to sustainable construction, construction companies may include this data in tenders. Developers will also enjoy more return on their investment, along with the prestige that comes with owning a green building.

Isidingo Sekhasimende, Abathengi kanye Nabasebenzi

Ukwengeza, isidingo samaklayenti kufanele futhi sicatshangelwe. Izizathu ezimbili ezinomthelela omkhulu wokwakha okuluhlaza yizi izidingo zeklayenti kanye nemithetho yezemvelo. Despite there being a “modest” degree of green construction in the UK, penetration of the industry is increasing and is anticipated to continue. This is a case in point.

Izinhlangano eziningi seziqala ukwazisa umphumela wezindawo zokusebenza ezinempilo enhlalakahleni nasekukhiqizeni kwabasebenzi. Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona okulindelekile ukuthi kuzokwenziwa imbuyiselo, uyengeka ukuthi utshale imali ethe xaxa ngalesi sikhathi. Isidingo sekhasimende sezindlela zokwakha ezisimeme sabalwa njengesisusa esibaluleke kakhulu sokuqalisa le mikhuba, eyalandelwa eduze kakhulu yimithetho yezemvelo. Izinqubo ezisimeme kulindeleke ukuthi zilawuleke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.

Ocwaningweni olwenziwe, kwavezwa ukuthi izindleko ziyisithiyo esikhulu ekuthengeni izinketho ezisimeme. Cishe u-66% okhonjisiwe wezindleko wawuyisithiyo, kodwa u-95% wawukulungele ukukhokha imali eyengeziwe ezimpahleni ezilungele imvelo. Indawo emnandi yabantu abasakhayo izokhombisa ukuthi balapho okufanele babe khona. Ukuze bakwazi ukugcina inzuzo, abantu balindele ukukhokha ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ibhalansi efanele kubalulekile.

Ukushoda kwabasebenzi abanolwazi embonini yezokwakha kuye kwanda eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwe-Ebola ka-2014. Ukuheha izizukulwane ezintsha zabasebenzi kungase kwenziwe lula amabhizinisi abe luhlaza. Isici esibalulekile lapho abafuna umsebenzi bezama ukuhlukanisa indlela abaziphatha ngayo emphakathini kanye nemvelo.

Imizamo Yomhlaba Wonke

Umgomo Wokusimama waseFrance

France is on a ferocious mission to amplify sustainability’s relevance within the business community in construction; an array of regulations is being introduced into the French Construction Market to “accelerate” its “Environmental and Energy Transition”, as stated by Greenflex, a key pioneer in this movement.

I-Greenflex ihlinzeka ngendlela entsha emphakathini wezokwakha ekuphishekeleni kwabo ukusiza amabhizinisi ngokusungula asebenzise ukusimama; bona "dizayina futhi usheshise ukuqaliswa" of the strategies that support companies in weaving environmental excellence into their aspirations. They propose initiatives such as energy diagnosis and audits within companies2, while also offering personalized guidance in achieving energy and environmental performance optimization as they encourage measures to enhance a company’s energy efficiency performance commitments.

Ngokusebenzisana nokuphoqelela kweFrance ukulawulwa kwamandla abalulekile kanye nemvelo okuzosungulwa ngo-2022, i-Greenflex izosiza izinkampani ukuthi zenze ukuhlola okucacile kwemikhiqizo yazo okuzochaza kabanzi impilo yazo kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo. Umkhiqizo ngamunye uzonikezwa ukusebenza okuphansi okuphelele, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuze kukhuthazwe izinkampani ukuthi zithuthukise i-EPD yazo (isimemezelo somkhiqizo wemvelo).

Njengengxenye yomthethonqubo omusha, amasheke azokwenziwa lapho inkampani iqala ukuthola imvume yokwakha iphrojekthi bese kuthi ekupheleni kwephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGreenflex ithembisa ukuthi “umthelela wekhabhoni ephansi uzobalwa kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wesakhiwo”, okusho ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqoqwa kwezinto zokwakha kuya emsebenzini wokwakha, bese ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo futhi, ekugcineni ukwakhiwa kwaso.

Uhlelo olusha olusha olusha, okuyi-Energiesprong, luyathuthukiswa lapho amaphrojekthi okulungisa asebenza kahle kakhulu azokwenziwa ngendlela ephumelelayo ngokusetshenziswa kwezinga likagesi. Lo mzamo ukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwe amandla avuselelweko kanye nezindlu zokukhiqiza amandla amaningi ngendlela edla ngayo.

Ezinye izinyathelo ezizokhishwa uhulumeni waseFrance, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto zokwakha nokuvuselela kanye nenqubomgomo yemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emzamweni wazo wokulawula udoti, izinkampani ezethula imikhiqizo emisha yemakethe kuyodingeka zifaka isandla ngokwezimali nangokusebenza ekugayweni kabusha kukadoti wokwakha, ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi udoti ulandelelwa futhi uhlelwa kahle.

Umzamo Wangaphambili WaseGibhithe

U-Hassan Fathy (1900-1989), an Egyptian architect, was the first to adopt sustainable construction practices in his work in the Middle Eastern region. He built New Gourna village, New Baris village, houses for the Royal Society of Agriculture, a house for the Red Crescent, and others. His buildings depended mainly on mud-brick, also known as adobe bricks.

The Mushrabiya is also another sustainable practice that Fathy introduced. This practice is performed from Morocco to Pakistan, allowing air, wind, and humidity to enter openings. When the Mushrabiya is directly heated by sunlight, this humidity is released to any air that might be flowing through the interstices. “I-Architecture yabampofu”, njengoba igama lencwadi yokuqala ayibhala lisikisela, injongo yakhe kwakuwukwakha izindlu ezibiza kancane, nokho izinto nezindlela azisebenzisayo kwakunobungane endaweni ezungezile.

Ngemva kwalokho, wagxila ucwaningo lwakhe ukufunda amandla conservation mechanisms. He concluded his research by the fact that mud-covered dome-shaped roofs are the most energy-efficient since they act as natural ventilation systems. Ukucutshungulwa kabusha komsebenzi ka-Fathy kungase kufike ngesikhathi esimweni sokwandisa isithakazelo ekwakheni okusimeme namuhla.

I-Forest Town yaseSingapore

Ukwethulwa kwamazinga okusebenza kwemvelo ezokwakhiwa eSingapore kukhiqize ukwenyuka okukhulu kwemisebenzi yokwakha eluhlaza. Ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi phakathi kochwepheshe bezokwakha, ukulinganiselwa endaweni ezungezile kwakubhekwa njengesiqalo esiphezulu esiluhlaza njengoba kwakulindeleke ukuthi imingcele ezungezile izodingeka ukuze kuqhutshwe inkampani ephumelelayo yokwakha eluhlaza.1 Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kusabhekwa njengesithiyo esivame ukuqashelwa ekwakhiweni okuluhlaza e-United States.

Located in the Forest Town, Tengah will feature a 100-meter-wide “forest corridor” cutting through the heart of the town. A protected area linking a wildlife corridor with a water supply system as well as being a safe path for animals and a recreational spot for people will be established.

Iphrojekthi ye-Tengah ehlanganisa amahektha angama-700 esifundeni esiseNtshonalanga ye-Singapore izobandakanya izindawo zokuhlala ezinhlanu. Inhloso yalezi zifunda ezi-5, iGadi, iPaki, iBrickland, iForest Hill, kanye nePlatation, ukusekela inhlalakahle yezakhamizi ngenkathi zinikeza izinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe.

Izithombe zempilo yasemadolobheni esikhathini esizayo zingase zibonakale esifundeni saseSingapore lapho kwakuhlala khona amafekthri, izindawo zokugcina izikhali, kanye nezakhiwo zezitini. Umphakathi omusha uzohlinzeka ngezindlu ezingu-42,000, ezizovumela kokubili imvelo nabantu ukuba bahlale ngokuthula.

Isiphetho

Ukuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kanye nemithelela ehambisana nayo, njengokushiya indawo ehlanzekile, cishe kuzoba nengxenye enkulu ekuguqulweni komphakathi kanye nomhlaba ongcono. Ukwanda kwabantu kukhuphule isidingo esihlanganisa yonke indawo yokwakha, ngakho-ke, indlela esizisungula ngayo izinyathelo zethu ezilandelayo izoba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu.

Nakuba isidingo sezindlela zokwakha ezisimeme sisobala, izindleko ziwumgoqo ophawulekayo kukho kokubili amabhizinisi namakhasimende; kusobala kumthengi ukuthi izinketho ezizinzile zivamise ukubiza kakhulu, nokho, sikhona isikhala sokuvumelana endaweni yemakethe njengoba abantu bebona ukuthi ukukhetha okuzinzile kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuthile.

Ngokuzethemba okukhulu, singase silindele ukuthi umqondo wokusimama uzoqhakaza ekuhlobaneni kwawo nemithethonqubo yokwakha esikhathini esizayo. Ekuthuthukiseni izinto esizifunayo ngaphakathi kokwakhiwa, isakhiwo esimeme practices should not only reduce costs, pollution, and energy usage but also increase the comfort, health, and safety of the people who live and work in the finished product.

Pho uhamba kanjani eluhlaza?