S3, E20: Ubunjalo Bamadolobha Ethu noDkt. Nadina Galle, Ingxenye 3

Okulotshiweyo okukhiqizwe ngedijithali (kungase kuhlanganise amaphutha athile)

Hello to you. And it is the third episode in this series with Nadine Galle. I am Jackie De Burca. For Constructive Voices. Nadina is going to do a really quick introduction, but the proper introduction about Nadina and her career to date can be found on the first episode of this series where you’ll find out lots of interesting things that she’s done up to date. And she’s going to be doing loads more things throughout her life by the looks of everything. Now we’re covering her book and we split it into sort of three different aspects of the information you’re going to find in her book. And this episode is about the tools and techniques for better urban nature management monitoring. Nadina, you’re really welcome again, thank you so much for being here.

[00:01:02] UNadina Galle: Yebo, ngiyabonga kakhulu, Jackie. Kuhle ukuba lapha futhi. Futhi sanibonani nonke. NginguNadina Galle. Ngingunjiniyela wemvelo wase-Dutch Canadian. Ngiyi-National Geographic Explorer yango-2024 futhi muva nje ngingumbhali we-Nature of Our Harnessing the Power of the Natural World to Survive a Changing Planet. Futhi kumnandi ukubuya.

[00:01:26] UJackie De Burca: Brilliant, Nadina. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ngishilo esingenisweni, yiya esiqeshini sokuqala ulalele uma ungakakwenzi lokho. Manje, enye yezinto eyangimangaza ngempela, uNadina, kwakuwukubona ukuthi wawuvame ukuhlushwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubumpumputhe bezitshalo. Okokuqala, ake. Cishe sidinga ukuthi uhlole ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokho. Kodwa ungaphinde ukhulume ngendlela owabona ngayo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wawuhlushwa ubumpumputhe bezitshalo?

[00:01:52] UNadina Galle: Yebo.

I think it’s kind of funny with plant blindness, this term has been around for a while now, but I saw recently on social media there is this trend now to have all kinds of blindness, whether that be something called blush blindness or a fake tan blindness, this idea that you are doing something and you don’t even realize that you’re doing it. And I think like many people living in cities, despite having a very outdoors childhood, I realized that, you know, walking through my local urban park, that, and I’m ashamed to say this, doing what I do had a really difficult time identifying a lot of plant and insect and other fauna species that I shared my cities with. And of course I’m ashamed to admit this because this is part of my work, but it got me thinking that this is something that I think, especially if you’re, if you’re not an ecological engineer and urban ecologist, like myself, you’re probably, you know, facing this more and more. And I was absolutely disturbed when I discovered this study that was done of both UK and US children that found that the average child was able to identify hundreds of logos and brand names, but not even able to identify 10 local plant or tree species.

Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kukhuluma nje kumkhuba obanzi kangaka womphakathi. Empeleni, kunolunye ucwaningo oluthakazelisa ngempela oluhambisana nalokhu oluthole ukuthi kule minyaka engu-50 edlule kube nokuncane kakhulu ukubhekisela kwemvelo emculweni wethu nasezincwadini zethu kunalokho esasinakho eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, engicabanga ukuthi kuyinto ejabulisa ngempela. . Ikhuluma nje, uyazi, indima yemvelo emphakathini wethu wansuku zonke, emiphakathini yethu yansuku zonke. Uyazi, sikhuluma kangakanani ngemvelo, sibhekisela kangakanani kuyo nobuhle bayo nobukhosi bayo ezingomeni zethu nasezincwadini zethu nasemculweni wethu? Ingakanani okuxoxwa ngayo esikoleni kanye nentsha yethu? Futhi kungenze ngabona sengathi lokhu bekuyinto ebengidonsa kanzima ngayo, uma ngibheka umsebenzi wami, niyazi, bayanda abantu abangase babhekane nalokhu. Futhi ibucayi kakhulu ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi ikhuluma ngalo mkhuba obanzi lapho singenawo umbono omuhle wendima nemvelo nokuthi idlala ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Futhi njengoba sibonile ocwaningweni, yilokhu kusebenzisana kwansuku zonke nemvelo esikudinga kakhulu kokubili impilo yethu kanye nokuphepha kwethu ezinhlekeleleni ezihlobene nesimo sezulu.

[00:04:34] UJackie De Burca: Impela. Ngicabanga ukuthi into efika engqondweni yami, Nadina, uma ukhuluma ngalokho ukukuletha ezingeni lokuthi sizothi ulethisi, owaziyo, ongawusebenzisa esaladini. Njengezingane eziningi engingaxhumana nazo, anginazo izingane zami, kodwa uyazi, kusobala ukuthi abangane abaningi bayakwenza futhi bazobona ukuthi uthola ulethisi esitolo. Ngakho-ke kufana nemvelo isanda kukhishwa esilinganisweni sokuthi, niyazi kuphi, lapho ukudla kwethu kukhiqizwa khona.

[00:05:00] UNadina Galle: Kunjalo, kunjalo, impela. Ngiqonde ukuthi kunezingane ezikhulele emadolobheni ezicabanga ukuthi ubisi luphuma esuphamakethe. Abakwenzi ngisho ukuhlangana nenkomo. Ngakho-ke kukhombisa ukuthi sesikude kangakanani. Futhi ningaphikisana njengokuthi, ubani onendaba? Ubani onendaba ukuthi izingane azazi ngalokho? Kungani lokho kubaluleke nakakhulu? Futhi ngingaphikisa ukuthi ifinyelela ezimpandeni ezikhona kakhulu, ezijulile zalokho okusenza sibe abantu, ukuxhumana kwethu nomhlaba kanye nokudla esiwuphefumulayo kanye nomoya esiwuphefumulayo kanye nezinsiza esizisebenzisayo, konke kuvela emhlabeni ngandlela thize. Futhi uma sesilahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukuthinta kwalokho, kahle, ngesaba ngempela ikusasa lesintu ngalowo mqondo.

[00:05:44] UJackie De Burca: Yebo, ngokuphelele. Futhi futhi, njengoba ukhuluma nje, Nadine, kufika engqondweni yami uma ucabanga ngobuciko bomhume, uyazi, ubuciko obubonayo, ubuciko bangaphambi komlando emigedeni, lokhu kwakungokwezilwane, ngokuvamile, hhayi konke. , kodwa eziningi zazo zingezezilwane. Ngakho-ke, niyazi, uma sicabanga ngakho, mhlawumbe iminyaka engama-200 noma ngaphezulu yentuthuko yezimboni bese siya phambili ukusuka lapho, ukuthi lokho kuwuthinta kanjani umphakathi. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, bonke okhokho bethu babehileleke emvelweni nsuku zonke. Ngokujwayelekile.

[00:06:21] UNadina Galle: Yebo. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi yingakho indima yemvelo yedolobha ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba njengathi. Thina njengabantu basendulo sabhekana nakho ngalezo zinsuku, imvelo yayiyingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi sesifike ezingeni lapho sinomuzwa wokuthi singathola, niyazi, ukugcwalisa indebe yethu yemvelo ngezimpelasonto noma ngamaholide ngohambo noma ngokuqwala izintaba. Futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe lusikhombisa ukuthi izinzuzo zangempela zemvelo zivela kuleyo mithamo yansuku zonke nokuthi akudingekile ukuba kube yilezi, niyazi, amahlane amakhulu. Ungangizwa kabi, lokho kuyamangaza uma unethuba lokuvakasha. Kodwa ukuthola okuningi kwalezi zilinganiso zansuku zonke kungase kuvele esihlahleni esisodwa esitshalwe ngaphandle kwendlu yakho, lapho obona khona umoya uvunguza emaqabunga, lapho uzwa khona izinyoni zicula, lapho obona khona izintuthwane zikhuphuka esiqwini. Njengawe, unalezi, le mithamo yansuku zonke. Yilokho ngokweqiniso okwenza ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zethu.

[00:07:17] Jackie De Burca: Yeah, no, I entirely agree with you. And I’m lucky enough, you know, that I can access that. But of course, some people, it’s. It’s not so easy to do. One of the things that strikes me as being harsh but true, I suppose, is urban living equals, you know, unprecedented biodiversity loss, but also strong biodiversity protects environment and human health. Now, that actually leads us on to the fact that there’s been huge declines of obviously, all sorts of populations, but particularly the insect population. Can you talk us through this, Nadine? And you know how it affects us?

[00:07:56] Nadina Galle: Yeah, it’s interesting because we can also see around the world that some of the world’s biggest cities are actually started and have grown in some of the world’s largest biodiversity hotspots. And I think that just says something is like, well, why are we drawn to biodiversity? Why do we want to settle in places that have High biodiversity. And I think we know that the more biodiversity, the more buffer we have from different natural disasters, the more opportunities, the more itches that we have to potentially exploit for different shelter resources. Medicines is a huge one, building materials, different food types. You know, we want to live in places that are abundant with life and abundant with a variety of life. So I think it’s interesting that in the course of human history, we’ve already been drawn to these biodiversity hotspots to create our cities and grow our cities. But of course, the way that we go about urbanization is also incredibly dangerous to biodiversity. It leads to habitat fragmentation, which is arguably the biggest threat to biodiversity itself when you’re removing habitat. And of course that fragmentation means that, you know, you’re losing areas of natural migration, you’re losing larger ranges for certain species of animals to be able to hunt or to gather their own resources.

Futhi ikakhulukazi uhlobo olulodwa olusebenza kahle kakhulu izinambuzane, njengoba usho, uJackie. Futhi uyazi, abantu bavame ukuzibuza, kufana, kahle, uyazi, kungani ngingazikhathalela izinambuzane? Ngiyazikhathalela izindlovu namahlosi. Futhi ngiyaqonda ukuthi izinambuzane zingase zingabi uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwezilwane esinazo, kodwa, eqinisweni, zakha indwangu ye-hammock yokuphila. Basemajukujukwini, uyazi, bangabathuthi bempova abakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekutholakaleni kokudla. Bangabagadli abakhulu. Uyazi, ziqinisekisa ukubola kwento ephilayo ebuyela emhlabathini futhi ibuye njengezinhlobo ezintsha zempilo.

Futhi banikeza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-litmus okumangalisayo noma lesi sikhombisi sezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke esikubonayo ezindaweni eziye zanciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, inani lezinambuzane empeleni bekungabokuqala ukuya. Ngakho unalobu budlelwano lapho uma inani lezinambuzane lincipha, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo sekukonke kuncipha. Ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthi sifuna ngempela ukuqapha nokuphatha izinambuzane zethu ukuze sikwazi ukunikeza ummeleli wokuphatha ezinye izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa inkinga yayikhona esikhathini esidlule ukuthi sasingenazo izindlela eziqondile zokukala inani lezinambuzane.

Futhi ngisho, ukucabanga kulula. Izinambuzane kunzima kakhulu ukuzikala nokubala.

Futhi sine, uyazi, sibe nezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zesayensi yezakhamizi ezisize ngandlela thize, kodwa azisho lutho, niyazi, zonke zivumelana ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke imakethe yayivuthwe ngendlela enenjongo yokulinganisa inani lezinambuzane ukuze sibe nalo mmeleli wezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo sezizonke.

[00:11:09] UJackie De Burca: Ngakho-ke ake sikhulume ngendaba engemuva kokuqapha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane zemvelo nokuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani ngempela.

[00:11:18] UNadina Galle: Yebo, ngakho-ke leyo yindaba engiyibhala encwadini ebizwa ngekhamera ye-Diopsis. Futhi ikhamera ye-Diopsis iyisixazululo sale nkinga. Le nkinga ngisanda kuyiveza ngizama ukwakha a.

Kunjalo. Ngokuyisisekelo, libukeka njengetafula elincane. Futhi phezu kwalelo tafula ongalibeka endaweni eyimfunda noma ensimini yezolimo, noma phezu kophahla lwedolobha noma kuphi lapho ufuna ukukala khona izinambuzane, empeleni yilo leli tafula elincane lensimbi. Ngaphezulu kwayo, unalokhu okuvikelwe kukhamera yezakhi, bese unaleli phedi lokufika eliphuzi. Isizathu sokuba kube phuzi ukuthi umbala ophuzi umbala ovame ukuheha izinambuzane ezindizayo. Ngakho-ke le khamera, empeleni ukuthi isebenza kanjani ithatha isithombe njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-10, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kunesinambuzane kuleyo ndawo ephuzi yokufikela, igijima ngokushesha ku-algorithm yombono wekhompyutha ukuze ibone hhayi kuphela uhlobo lwaleso sinambuzane, kodwa futhi ilinganise. i-biomass yayo. Futhi ngalowo mqondo, sithola izindlela ezinenjongo ngempela zokulinganisa izinambuzane ezindizayo, okuyinto, vele, isivele ingenye yemikhawulo yazo. Ibheka izinambuzane ezindizayo kuphela, kodwa ingenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu esinazo njengamanje zokukala inani lezinambuzane. Kodwa okwesibili, futhi, ngethemba, ngingasho ukuthi icala eliyinhloko lokusetshenziswa kwalokhu ukuhlaziya uma imali nokutshalwa kwezimali, futhi kukhona okuningi muva nje okuthululelwa ezinyathelweni zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungenelela empeleni kusebenza ngoba lokho, ngicabanga, uyazi. , ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kuzwakala kungacacile futhi kungabonakali. Uyazi, wenza kanjani isiqiniseko sokuthi le mali oyifaka kuyo iyasiza ngempela? Lokhu. Lena indlela eyodwa yokwenza lokho.

[00:13:09] UJackie De Burca: Yebo, lokho kubaluleke ngempela. Ngisho, ngokusobala, noma yiziphi izimali noma izinkampani, owaziyo, ezitshala imali kulokhu, zifuna ukubona uhlobo oluthile lwembuyiselo futhi zikwazi, uyazi, ukuxoxa ngalokho ngaphakathi kwamabhodi azo futhi ngokusobala uma zikhona, uyazi. , abanikazi bamasheya nabatshalizimali njalonjalo. Ngakho kubucayi, ngempela, akunjalo?

[00:13:30] UNadina Galle: Yebo, futhi ikakhulukazi. Ngisho, eziningi zalezi. Imali esetshenziswa uhulumeni, ngakho yonke imali yabakhokhi bentela. Ngakho-ke, uyazi, abantu bafuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi esikhathini esinezintshisekelo eziningi ezahlukene ezincintisanayo, ngisho nakwezemvelo nesimo sezulu, sifuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi sisebenzisa imali yethu ngobuhlakani.

[00:13:46] UJackie De Burca: Okunye obekunelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Sibona izindlela ezihlakaniphile zezinyoni namagundane ngakwesinye isikhathi, engakuthola kuthakazelisa ngempela. Kodwa futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezifo ezintsha kanye nokuziphatha okusha okuyingozi kwezinye izidalwa. Manje, isibonelo, olunye lwezibonelo zezifundo okhuluma ngazo encwadini ukutholakala kombala okhanyayo we- Some snails, okwenzekile ngoba sezijwayele indawo yazo.

Kwatholakala kanjani lokhu futhi yimaphi amathuluzi manje atholakalayo maqondana nale ndawo?

[00:14:21] UNadina Galle: Yebo, ngakho-ke lokhu, kuyaxaka, lo mbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwasemadolobheni. Lokhu kuye kwaduma ngempela usosayensi ongumDashi, isazi sezinambuzane ekuqaleni, kodwa uyisazi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngomqondo obanzi wegama lomhlaba. Igama lakhe nguMenno Schildhausen futhi usebenza emnyuziyamu nesikhungo sezinto eziphilayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Naturalis eNetherlands eLeiden. Futhi uye wabheka izibonelo eziningi ezahlukene zalesi senzakalo, asibiza ngokuthi i-urban evolution. Futhi ngakho lokho kungathatha ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi kuyini. Ngaphambili sasicabanga ukuthi imfundiso kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, sasingeke sikwazi ukukubona lokho ekuphileni komuntu. Kulungile. Asikwazi ukubona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwenzeka. Okwakuwukuthi, uyazi, esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ukuthi uDarwin waba nenkinga enkulu yokwandisa imibono yakhe. Ngoba abantu kwakunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngoba babengakwazi ukuzibonela ngawabo amehlo. Futhi esikubonayo ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwasemadolobheni, esikhathini esifushane sokuphila kwezinhlobo ezinjengezinambuzane ezithile nezinyoni kanye nezitshalo ezithile, empeleni singabona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo ngesikhathi sangempela, njengoba i-Mennosculfeizer ikubeka. Ngakho-ke isibonelo salokhu kungaba ukuthi emadolobheni kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezithile eziye zavela ngempela ukuze zehlise imbewu yazo eduze kwesitshalo esingumama kunasemijikelezweni yangaphambili yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lapho lezo zimbewu, empeleni ubungafuna ukuthi zibelula futhi zibambe umoya kalula ukuze zihlakazeke kakhulu. Kulungile. Ngoba lokho kuwumgomo omkhulu wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuhlakaza izinhlobo zakho ezithile zibe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uxhaphaze izindawo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi lolu hlobo lwezitshalo luye lwashintsha ngempela ukuze lwehlise imbewu yalo eduze kwesitshalo esingumama. Ngoba, uyazi, i-asphalt, amadolobha agcwele ukhonkolo, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole uma uwela eduze kwesitshalo sikamama, ngoba siyazi ukuthi leso sitshalo sikwazile ukumila emhlabathini othile ngokumelene ne-yebo, ungahlakaza kude kakhulu. . Kodwa uma lezo zimbewu, uyazi, zihlala ku-asphalt noma emgwaqweni, kusobala ukuthi ngeke ziphumelele.

Ngakho-ke lokho kuwuhlanya oluhle. Esinye ngamagwababa aseqalile ukukhala ngamaza aphakeme kakhulu ukuze akwazi ukuzwana ngemisindo yethrafikhi, okuyinto engihlanya ngempela.

[00:16:47] UJackie De Burca: Unayo, kuyamangalisa.

[00:16:49] UNadina Galle: Ngakho-ke kupholile kakhulu. Futhi kukhona, kukhona, ngisho, ngakho uMenuscule wabhala le ncwadi nengakholakali, enye yezintandokazi zami ebizwa ngokuthi uDarwin Comes to Town. Isihloko esihle kangaka. Futhi empeleni, iyincwadi egcwele lezi zinhlobo zezibonelo. Futhi ngingaqhubeka ngoba ziyathandeka kakhulu. Kodwa enye yazo.

[00:17:08] UJackie De Burca: Qhubeka, sitshele kabanzi. Nakanjani omunye wabo.

[00:17:14] UNadina Galle: Enye yalezi ezinye engicabanga ukuthi zimbi kakhulu futhi ifana nemibala yezingwejeje. Ngakho nina zingwejeje nibe njalo. Ngakho-ke lapho ngakhulela khona eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ontario, unengwejeje empunga esempumalanga futhi unezinhlobo ezimnyama kancane. Ngakho-ke lapho ngakhulela khona, njengasendaweni enamahlathi kakhulu, njengokuthi ubuyohlala ubona izingwejeje ezimpunga, njengaleyo eyayithandwa kakhulu. Ubungakubona lokho ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwathi lapho ngineminyaka engu-18, ngathuthela eToronto ukuze ngifundele iziqu zami futhi ungabona izingwejeje ezimpunga ngezinye izikhathi.

Isikhathi esiningi ubona lezi zingwejeje zithanda uhlobo olumnyama kakhulu, olucishe lube mnyama. Ngakho ngaqala ukubheka lokho. Futhi izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zazibonile ukuthi lezi zingwejeje ezimnyama zaziza zidume kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngoba wawuzibona kangcono uma uqhathanisa ne-grayscape okungamadolobha ethu. Ngakho-ke, izingwejejeje ezimpunga empeleni zazingase zibe izigebengu emadolobheni ngenxa yombala wazo. Ngoba ungabona nabo uma beqhathaniswa nalezi zingwejeje ezimnyama, bagqama kakhulu. Baningi-ke lezi zingwejeje ezimnyama. Ngakho yizibonelo nje ezinjengalezo. Kuyamangaza ngoba empeleni ungakwazi, njengoba ngishilo, ungakubona lokhu ngesikhathi sangempela. Ungakubona lokhu phakathi nesifundo. Futhi esinye sezibonelo uMenno ayenesithakazelo saso ngempela kwaba yilokhu kufakwa imibala kweminenke, ikakhulukazi lokhu, lo mzimba oyimodeli osetshenziswa ocwaningweni oluningi lwesayensi yemvelo. Ucwaningo lwezemvelo lwalubiza. Ngisho ukuthi, ngokuyisisekelo ifana nomnenke wakho wengadi ovamile. Futhi ngokuyisisekelo wayefuna ukukufunda kanjani lokhu, futhi yile ndlela izimo eziningi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezisemadolobheni eziye zafundwa ngayo, ngokusebenzisa amathani namathani amasampula. Ngoba ufuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu akukona nje ukuvala okukodwa, akunjalo? Ufuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ungakwazi ngempela ukutshela izitayela zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngenani elikhulu, uyazi, amasampuli amaningi abe ngcono.

Kodwa wenzani? Uyazi, awukwazi ukuthumela ibutho ukuthi liyolanda wonke lawa masampuli ahlukene alezi zitshalo ezihlukene bese ukhetha izithombe zezingwejeje neminenke. Ngakho-ke basebenzisa amandla esayensi yezakhamizi futhi baklama uhlelo lokusebenza olubizwa ngokuthi i-Snail Snap futhi bamema abantu kuwo wonke amadolobha ahlukene e-Netherlands ukuthi bathathe izithombe zalolu hlobo oluthile lomnenke. Futhi lokho kusebenze kahle ngoba zaziwa kakhulu, kulula ukuzilungisa, ukuzibona, futhi azisuki ngokushesha kangako, ngakho-ke kulula ukuzithwebula. Futhi baqoqa okuthile okufana nokuthi, ngicabanga ukuthi kwakuyi-8,300 geolocated futhi lokho kwakubaluleke ngempela. Izithombe ze-geolocated zale minenke. Futhi baphinde bawahambisa nge-algorithm ye-computer vision, futhi bakwazi ukubona ukuthi iminenke eyayisezindaweni eziminyene zedolobha ngokwesilinganiso, empeleni yayinamagobolondo alula kunalawo ayengaphandle kwezindawo zedolobha.

Basically, this garden snail is now evolving into these two different varieties. And the one that lives in dense urban cores actually has a lighter shell because it’s able to then deal with extreme heat better, with temperatures better. And I thought this was so interesting because essentially what it’s done is it’s made the color of its house, of its roof, lighter. And this is actually a mechanism that we see also humans do. When we’re not able to implement a green roof on our buildings, one of the most cost effective things we can do is actually paint our roofs white so they’re better able to reflect the light and therefore keep our amakhaya kupholile kakhulu futhi. Ngakho-ke kuyahlekisa nje, okukodwa, ukubona amandla esayensi yesakhamuzi kulokhu, okubili, ukubona ukuthi iminenke iyaguquguquka ngale ndlela, futhi ezintathu, izinto thina bantu esingazifunda eminenke.

[00:21:01] UJackie De Burca: Kuyamangalisa impela. Kuyizinto ezihehayo ngempela, Nadina, uma ucabanga, njengokuthi, ingwejeje kanye nomnenke osanda kukhuluma ngakho, njengokuthi, kufanele ziguquke futhi ngandlela thize noma ngenye indlela zishintshe umbala wazo. I-Pigmentation, empeleni.

[00:21:17] UNadina Galle: Yebo, yebo. Ukuze sisinde. Futhi yilokho okuhlanyayo. Kufana. Futhi-ke, it. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kulungile. Ngakho-ke lokho kusho ukuthini ukuthi iminenke enamagobolondo anombala omnyama ivame ukushabalala ngokushesha kunaleyo eneminenke enemibala ekhanyayo. Ngakho labo bayabhubha. Lokho kusho ukuthi izinhlobo ezinemibala ekhanyayo zinethuba eliningi lokuzala. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi-ke, uyazi, iminenke inokuphila okufushane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okushesha kakhulu. Esikhathini sokuphila komuntu, siyakwazi ukubona ukuthi inqwaba yeminenke ibe namagobolondo alula.

[00:21:51] UJackie De Burca: Yebo, ngokuphelele. Ngakho izifundo eziyisibonelo ezihehayo owabelana ngazo encwadini. Akhona amanye amathuluzi amahle kakhulu owasebenzisayo. Enye ibizwa ngokuthi i-birdcast, kanti enye i-earthsnap. Ziyini futhi zadalwa ngubani?

[00:22:07] UNadina Galle: Yebo. Ngakho-ke i-Earth Snap yayinjalo. Ngizoqala ngaleyo, ngoba ifana ne-Snail snap ngomqondo wokuthi iyakwazi ukuhlonza izinhlobo zezilwane. Nakuba i-Earth Snap ingagcini nje ngokukwenzela iminenke lokho, ikwenza lokho ezigidini zezitshalo nezilwane emhlabeni jikelele. Umsunguli ngu-Eric Rawls. Ungowokudabuka eTexas, manje uhlala eColorado. Futhi ekuqaleni waqala ngokuthile okuthiwa yi-earth.com, okwakuwumgomo wakhe oyinhloko ekuphileni, kwakuwukudala lenqolobane enkulu yezithombe nokubhekwa kanye nolwazi ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Lokho bekuyinhloso yakhe. Ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi, wabe eseqala into ebizwa nge-PlantSnap, okwakuyimanje, enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlonza izitshalo ezihamba phambili emakethe.

But after the success of Plant Staff, he wanted to go even bigger, and he decided to open up the entire earth.com repository to creating an all in one plant, you know, flora and fauna identifying app. And he’s now working very hard to grow that app. And he hopes, I mean, much like an app called Inaturalist, which is also used very widely and also much for scientific research, he hopes that this is something that we started the conversation with, can really help to combat that thing that we call plant blindness. Because I do believe that it all starts with just knowledge and awareness and understanding. The more that we can understand what grows and what lives around us, the more we understand about it, the more we can care for it and the more we’ll do, hopefully, to protect it. So that’s Eric Rawls and Earth Snap, and then Birdcast was actually developed by researchers at Cornell University together with something called Merlin. Merlin is another app that is actually. It’s like a Shazam for birdsong. They’re actually able to identify birdsong based just on birdsong. You have a recording of that or you play it live or record it live, and it is actually able to recognize that and hopefully identify what bird that song belongs to. And this is just such an innovative way of doing it. Because, of course, as you can imagine, with things like, with an app like Earth Snap, plants easy to photograph. They don’t move. Certain animal species. Also easier to photograph birds, Very, very difficult. So to have something like Merlin is really, really exciting because it’s also able to. You know, what we’re able to do then is we’re able to take recordings in the middle of a park, in the middle of a forest, in the middle of a rooftop garden. We’re able to take these recordings and based on those recordings, were able to actually identify which birds are in that area. And the way that they specifically do it with artificial intelligence is really interesting. They don’t do it purely on the audio recording. What they actually do is they convert that audio recording into, I believe it’s called a. Is it called a sonogram, where you have, like, a visual depiction of that audio? And based on that, okay, they’re able to run their artificial intelligence and basically identify, okay, which sonograms are most similar to each other and which are most likely to belong to that specific bird. Again, none of these apps are perfect. None of them are a replacement for, you know, a die hard bird watcher or a die hard naturalist, of course. But I think they’re just a beautiful way to facilitate those first interactions with nature and with certain species that we live amongst that people might not otherwise be able to have.

[00:25:42] UJackie De Burca: Uqinisekile. Cha, cha, cha, ngokuphelele. Futhi futhi, uyazi, uqala izinqubo zokucabanga njengoba unjalo. Njengoba ukhuluma ngakho konke lokhu. Futhi ngiyamangala, ngiyazi ukuthi sinomehluko omncane weminyaka yobudala, cishe iminyaka engama-20 noma kancane ngaphezulu, ngiyacabanga.

But I wonder, Nadina, did you experience the same in terms of your family going back to your grandparents where it was normal in Ireland? Certainly for me, for my grandmother to have spoken about, like, natural, natural plants that might heal something, some element of some sort. So it’s not that far. It’s not that far back is what I’m trying to say, since, you know, it was relatable to think about plants as medicine.

[00:26:23] UNadina Galle: Yebo, impela. Futhi ngicabanga, ngisho ukuthi, ugogo wami wasebenza ngendlela efanayo, futhi nomama wami wenza ngezinga elithile. Futhi leyo yinto engikholwa ukuthi iyiyo. Ilahlekile phakathi, ake sithi, isizukulwane seminyaka eyinkulungwane yeGen Z, noma emuva kakhulu kunalokho. Kodwa ngiyakubona lokhu kuvuka kabusha okukhulu. Njengokuthi, ngicabanga ukuthi kunentshisekelo enkulu yokuthola kabusha, uyazi, sikwenza kanjani ukudla kusuka ekuqaleni? Ngisho, bheka nje uguquko lwesinkwa esimuncu esilubone ngesikhathi se-COVID lapho wonke umuntu eqala ukwenza isinkwa sakhe ekhaya. Ngiqonde ukuthi, lokho kwakuyinto, okwakuyinto eyayivamile ngempela, uyazi, ukucaphuna ukungacaphuni, emuva osukwini esinalo, niyazi, uhlobo oluthile lwalo. Sesilahlekelwe ngokuphelele lelo khono ngoba akekho owasifundisa lona, ​​ngoba omama bethu noma obaba bethu balahlekelwe lelo khono ngendlela efanayo, njengoba uyazi, okuningi, njengokuthunga, uyazi, kuphelile, uyazi. , kudlule i-radar noma izinto ezifana, ozaziyo, eziyisisekelo, eziyisisekelo, njengokukhanda amabhayisikili noma okuyisisekelo, uyazi, ukulungisa izinto zikagesi noma izinto zikagesi.

Uyazi, silahlekelwe ezweni lethu, uyazi, umhlaba wethu wokuthenga nokuthi kulula kangakanani ukushintsha izinto ezihlukene kanye nokuthatheka kwethu ngayo yonke into entsha nokuba nezibuyekezo zalokhu, uyazi, lobu buchwepheshe nalezi zinto. Ngicabanga ukuthi sesilahlekelwe umbono walokho. Kodwa ngikholwa ukuthi kukhona lokhu kuvuka kabusha okukhulu. Futhi uyakubona ezintweni ezinjengabantu abafuna ukuhlala emakhaya, ngisho nasezinkantolo eziminyene zasemadolobheni, abantu abafuna ukuzilimela ukudla kwabo, ngisho nakuvulandi, uhlobo olusha lokuvuka ekuzingeleni nasekuhloleni ihlane elingaphandle kanye nokuzingela kwabasindile. . Njengokuthi, ngizwa sengathi kukhona lolu hlobo olukhulu lokuphinde lube nentshisekelo kulezo zinto kanye nokwenza ekhaya. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuhle ngempela ngoba okuningi kwalolo lwazi, okunye, ngicabanga ukuthi kwenza izimpilo zethu zibe mnandi kakhulu futhi zibe zinhle kakhulu ukuthi sikwazi ukudlulisa lolo hlobo lokuhlakanipha nolwazi. Futhi ekugcineni, ngicabanga ukuthi imvelo inezimpendulo eziningi. Simane sikhohlwe ukuthi silalela kanjani.

[00:28:28] UJackie De Burca: Impela, ngokuphelele. Ngakho lokho kungiholela kuNadina esahlukweni sesithupha. Futhi ngithanda kakhulu isihloko osinike usosayensi ongaphakathi kwethu, okuyinto emangalisa ngempela mayelana nokukhuthaza isayensi yesakhamuzi, isayensi nokuzibandakanya.

So we’ve kind of touched on that in some levels. What is the global urban wildlife exploration through the City Nature Challenge?

[00:28:56] UNadina Galle: Yebo, ngithanda lesi sibonelo seCity Nature Challenge ngoba ngicabanga kakhulu uma la mathuluzi okuqapha nobuchwepheshe, uyazi, avame ukuhlala embhoshongweni wezinyo lendlovu wezemfundo futhi kuzwakala kunzima. ukuze isakhamuzi sakho esijwayelekile sibambe iqhaza.

Futhi okwenziwa yiCity Nature Challenge ukuthi empeleni imema ubusuku basemadolobheni emhlabeni wonke njalo ngonyaka kule BioBlitz yezinsuku ezine. Ngokuvamile kusekupheleni kuka-April, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi kwaqala ngo-2016. Ngakho basanda kuba noshicilelo lwabo lwesishiyagalolunye ngo-2024. Futhi lwaqala njengomncintiswano olula wobungani, ish phakathi kwe-Los Angeles ne-San Francisco. Yahlelwa yiCalifornia Academy of Sciences kanye neLos Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Futhi kwakuhloselwe ukusebenzisa i-app inaturalist njengendlela yokwenza izakhamuzi ezihileleke kulawa madolobha ngokuyisisekelo zithwebule, zihlonze futhi zilayishe ukubonwa okuningi kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwendawo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha kuma-inaturalists ngangokunokwenzeka.

Futhi lokhu kwaqala. Kwaba nabantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe abahileleka unyaka nonyaka. Lakhula lisuka entweni eyayikula madolobha amabili kuphela laya entweni eyayiseCalifornia kuphela, laya kokuthile okwakuse-US laya kokuthile okusanda kuthatha umhlaba wonke. Ohlelweni oludlule ngo-2024, amadolobha angaphezu kuka-700 abamba iqhaza.

Empeleni ngaba ingxenye yalo e-la, hhayi inhloko-dolobha, kodwa idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eBolivia. Empeleni uLa Paz uthweswe umqhele wokuwina iCity Nature Challenge iminyaka emithathu ilandelana. Kufanele ngibe lapho ngigqoke isigqoko sami se-National Geographic Explorer, ngikhiqiza idokhumentari mayelana neCity Nature Challenge nokuthi yini eholele i-La Paz kulokhu kunqoba.

And there’s a couple things that I learned. One, lapasse is one of the world’s most biodiversities. Right. So that makes winning something like this in terms of most species identified and the most observations made a little bit easier. But La Paz also won for having the most people involved, involved, which is something that every city, of course, can compete in. And one of the ways that they were their secret weapon, if you will, that they were able to do this is they had a local organization, the Bolivian chapter of the Wildlife Conservation Society, get really involved and use their connections to involve almost every single high school and university and college in La Paz. So in these four days it is because it usually takes place. There’s a Friday and then there’s a Saturday, Sunday, and then there’s the Monday. So on the Friday and the Monday, they don’t have school. Their school for that day is to go on a guided field trip to different national park, different parks, even on a street, like all these different areas that they designate. And they send buses full of students to these different areas on these field trips to go and identify as many species as possible. And then they have this as part of their curriculum for that season where then they actually do projects based on the observations that they made. And I met this incredible biology teacher, Ms. Gladys. And Ms. Gladys, the biology teacher, she says to her students, like, it is not the end of your school day until you identify at least 200 not species, until you make at least 200 observations. And of course you get more points. You do. So again, what we started this conversation with Jackie, this idea of plant blindness and I would say kind of flora and fauna blindness as a whole. What you’re doing is you’re taking youth kids out into their cities, the places where they live, where they grow up, where their families are from every single year in this beautiful celebration of urban wildlife. And you’re asking them directly to get involved, not only by taking their observations and learning about it, but also understanding what grows in their area and getting excited about in a way that they can then tell their families and hopefully their children about it in the future.

Futhi kuyindlela enhle kakhulu ngoba imvelo yasemadolobheni isivele ilwela lolo hlobo lokuqashelwa okufanele. Futhi engikuthandayo ngalokhu yile BioBlitz yezinsuku ezine. Kucishe kufane neholide, umgubho wemvelo yasemadolobheni minyaka yonke. Futhi sihalalisela u-Allison Young no-Lila Higgins, abasungule futhi baqala le nselelo kuyo yonke leyo minyaka edlule.

Futhi ngiyazi ukuthi ngikhuluma no-Alison Young, uhlabeke umxhwele ngokuthi sekuhambe kangakanani, izindawo eziningi ezifinyelele kuzo, kanye nenani labantu ababamba iqhaza unyaka nonyaka. Kuyinto ngempela ngempela.

Ngizomane ngisho izinto ezimbili engizitholile eziyintandokazi engizifunde esikhathini esidlule. Enye kwakuyinyoka yaseBolivia, empeleni okwakucatshangwa ukuthi yashabalala eLa Paz. Empeleni yayingakaze ibonakale iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Yayingakabonwa futhi iphinde yatholwa umfundi wesikole samabanga aphezulu ngesikhathi seCity Nature Challenge. Bathole isithombe sayo.

[00:34:15] UJackie De Burca: Ngakho-ke lokho kuyamangaza. Cabanga indlela okumelwe ukuba umfundi wazizwa ngayo.

[00:34:20] UNadina Galle: Bekushaqisa. Ngisho ukuthi, indaba efanayo yenzeka, ngikholwa ukuthi bekuyiWest Virginia. Kwakuyi-bug yephilisi futhi kwakuyindaba efanayo. Uyazi, okucatshangwa ukuthi awusekho, bekungakaze kubonwe abacwaningi emashumini eminyaka, kuphinde kwatholwa umfundi oneminyaka engu-15 ubaba wakhe amchaza njengokungathi umlutha wefoni ngokuphelele. Uyazi, wayengafuni ukukwenza futhi ubaba wakhe wamenza wakwenza ngocingo lwakhe, blah, blah, blah. Uyahamba, bese ethatha isithombe sale bug yephilisi. Unalokhu ngokuphelele umzuzu wokushintsha impilo. Uya eshibhile. Akagcini nje ngokushicilela lokho akutholile kanye nabantu baseCalifornia Academy of Sciences kujenali yesayensi ebuyekezwe ontanga ngaphambi kokuba aqede esikoleni esiphakeme, kodwa waqhubeka nokufunda nesayensi yezilwane.

[00:35:02] UJackie De Burca: Leyo yindaba emangalisayo nje. Futhi ngokusobala, yebo, ungacabanga ukuthi kukhona izingane noma abantu abasha izimpilo zabo eziguqulelwe ngaphandle kwale nselele yedolobha Lemvelo.

[00:35:16] Nadina Galle: Oh yeah. I mean there’s just, there’s, there’s so many examples of that in the book as well. Like there’s another one with the Heat Watch campaign which we discussed. I believe it was in episode two, this idea. We can do these hyper local measurements of heat and ambient temperature in your neighborhood so that you can form better greening policy and better cooling strategies. There was this, there was a student there because they try to involve high school students as much as possible on that project as well. There was a high school student that through that Heat Watch campaign discovered that his house on average was like 10 or 15 degrees hotter than his friend’s house. And he was like, well that makes sense because we always go and play there in the summer because it’s so much cooler in his backyard and on his street than it is online. He was, he was so inspired by this. He was actually on the, on the cusp of dropping out of school because his family was going through financial hardship and he wanted to drop out of school and work in a store to help out his family. And the founder of Heat Watch, Vivek Shonda, has got in touch with the student and actually started mentoring him. And now he’s actually in an undergraduate program for environmental sciences. And Vivek just Kept saying, I believe I wrote this in the book that like he can’t wait to hire him when he graduates because he did so inspired by the story. And it just goes to show, like, there are so many beautiful, you know, this is, this is bigger than just changing, you know, our environments and where we live. But there’s, there’s also beautiful career opportunities for our young people here. And we’re going to need this next generation of, you know, Internet of nature innovators or techno ecologists to really, you know, lead this avant garde. And it’s just amazing to see initiatives like this make that difference.

[00:36:59] Jackie De Burca: It absolutely is. I had a call yesterday from a lawyer based in England regarding the biodiversity net gain law that’s obviously come out earlier in 2024, in February there. And that is just connected with the fact that he had a business idea to do with that. And we have a course that we’ve developed on that. And all of this is based on the fact that there is not anywhere near enough ecologists to go around just to handle that particular law. So it’s a tiny little example of what you’ve said correctly, Nadina, which is that this generation coming up now, there’s like wonderful opportunities for them to be massive change makers and involving themselves in nature, as you say, you know, with, with the combination with technology, which is of course exactly what you talk about, you know.

[00:37:52] UNadina Galle: Cha, iyona nto. Futhi, futhi sizozidinga. Ngisho ukuthi besibadinga izolo futhi siyabadinga impela manje. Ngakho-ke mina, ngicabanga ukuthi yini emangalisayo ngalokhu ukuthi uhlobo lwesizukulwane esilandelayo sabantu abasha abangabashisekeli bemvelo kanye nabathandi bemvelo enhliziyweni, kodwa futhi babone amandla ubuchwepheshe obungasiza, niyazi, ukunqoba abantu okudingeka waphumelela futhi futhi wabasiza emsebenzini wabo. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuzoba okubucayi kakhulu. Ngizibona kufanele ngenze kancane kancane mayelana nezindlela ezinamandla ubuchwepheshe obungasisiza ngazo kule mpi futhi abaningi babe nokuthile okungokwemvelo.

[00:38:32] UJackie De Burca: Impela. Ngicabanga, ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele kube njalo. Ngethemba, Nadine, njengoba usho manje, sesiphinde saxoxa okuningi futhi, okuhle kakhulu futhi sinesiqephu esisodwa esizosibhekela abalaleli bethu esizogxila kakhulu emasuni ezempilo nempilo kanye nemikhuba ukuhlanganisa imithamo yansuku zonke yemvelo, ngethemba kulabo bantu abakwazi ukuyilawula nokuthi lokho kungayithinta kanjani impilo yomuntu. Ngakho kusobala ukuthi sikubheke ngabomvu lokho futhi sizoxoxa futhi maduze. Nadina, ngiyabonga kakhulu.

[00:39:02] UNadina Galle: Ngiyabonga, Jackie.