Ubuciko Bomphakathi Nezindawo Zasemadolobheni: I-Vancouver Ibunjwa Kanjani Ubunikazi Besiko Ngomklamo

Vancouver, waseCanada ophilayo Idolobha ephakathi kwePacific Ocean nezintaba zasoGwini, sekuyisikhathi eside idume ngokuhluka kwayo design zasemadolobheni ehlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo ubuciko bomphakathi kanye nenkulumo yamasiko. Isimo sezwe esiyingqayizivele sedolobha, okuhlanganisa ukuba seduze kwalo nemithombo yamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinamahlathi aluhlaza, kube nomthelela omkhulu endleleni elisondela ngayo. ukuhlela emadolobheni kanye nokubunjwa kobunikazi bamasiko¹.

Njengomphakathi onamasiko amaningi, ifilosofi yokuklama yeVancouver igcizelela kakhulu ukusimama futhi ukuzibandakanya komphakathi, ukubhekana nezinselele ezinjengokungalingani kwemali engenayo, inani labantu asebekhulile, nokukhathazeka kwemvelo ngokusebenzisa amasu amadala asemadolobheni. Ukuzibophezela kwedolobha esabela ngokwesiko bokwakha futhi ukuhlanganiswa kobuciko bomphakathi endaweni yayo sekuyinkomba yobunikazi bayo, okubonisa ubuciko obuhlukahlukene bamasiko obunikeza iVancouver uhlamvu lwayo oluhlukile.².

• Idizayini yedolobha laseVancouver ikhombisa ukuzibophezela kwayo ekulolongeni ubunikazi bamasiko ngokuhlanganiswa kobuciko bomphakathi kanye imikhuba esimeme.
• Isimo sedolobha esiyingqayizivele, okuhlanganisa ukuba seduze kwamanzi nezindawo ezinamahlathi, kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuhleleni amadolobha.
• Umphakathi waseVancouver onamasiko amaningi kanye nokugxila ekusimameni yizici ezibalulekile kufilosofi yawo yokuklama, ukubhekana nezinselele ezifana nokungalingani kwemali engenayo kanye nokukhathazeka kwemvelo.
• Idolobha izakhiwo ezisabela ngokwesiko kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuciko bomphakathi endaweni yayo sekuyinkomba yobunikazi bayo, okubonisa ubuciko bayo obuhlukahlukene bamasiko.
• Indlela yeVancouver yokuklama idolobha isebenza njengemodeli kwabanye imizi ukufuna ukukhuthaza ubunikazi bamasiko kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi ngamasu amasha asemadolobheni.

Idizayini yamasiko yaseVancouver iyi-tapestry esebenzayo, elukwe ngemicu ehlukahlukene yabantu bakhona³. Ukuzibophezela kwedolobha ukwenza indawo futhi umklamo wokuhlukahluka kuholele ezikhaleni zomphakathi ezibungaza ubunjalo obuhlukile baleli dolobha elikhulu lasoGwini LwaseNtshonalanga³.

I-Vancouver ingelinye lamadolobha ahluke kakhulu Canada⁴, nesicebi amagugu esiko lokho kufaka phakathi imiphakathi Ebalulekile Yezizwe Zokuqala, YaseShayina, YaseNingizimu Asia, neyaseYurophu⁴. The Ithonya lokuklama kwezizwe Zokuqala ingabonakala ekufakweni okuhlukahlukene kobuciko bomphakathi nezici zezakhiwo kulo lonke idolobha, okubonisa ukuxhumana okujulile komhlaba nabaphathi bawo bokuqala.⁴.

Izindawo zomphakathi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko nokuzibandakanya komphakathi e-Vancouver³. Okwedolobha Isiko|Shift Uhlelo lubandakanye abantu baseVancouverites abangaphezu kuka-3,000 mathupha kanye nama-touchpoints acishe abe ngu-4,000, agxile emaqenjini ayengameleli kahle ngokomlando.³. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana ilolonge entsha Uhlelo Lwezamasiko lwango-2020-2029, okuhloswe ngayo ukusekela ezobuciko, abadali abangompetha, ukuqhubekisela phambili ukubuyisana nokulingana, nokubeka iVancouver njengendawo yokuveza amasiko.³.

Indawo yezobuciko namasiko yaseVancouver ithuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ubuciko bomphakathi, ubuciko bokusebenza, kanye nezinhlelo eziholwa umphakathi ezibungaza amagugu ahlukahlukene edolobha.³. Uhlelo luyayivuma i ukubaluleka yamazwi ahlukahlukene kanye nendawo Umdabu ubukhona ekulolongeni indawo yamasiko yaseVancouver³.

“Ukuzibophezela kukaVancouver ukwenza indawo futhi umklamo wokuhlukahluka kuye kwaphumela ezindaweni zomphakathi ezibungaza ubunjalo baleli dolobha elikhulu laseNtshonalanga Yasogwini.”

E-Vancouver, ukwakheka kwedolobha kubhekwa njengethuluzi elinamandla lokukhuthaza umuzwa oqinile wobunikazi bomphakathi kanye namasiko. Indlela yedolobha igcizelela ukudala izikhala ezilinganisa i imvelo eyakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo, ukubeka phambili abantu ngaphezu kwezimoto, nokwenza kusebenze izindawo zomphakathi ukuze kunikwe amandla anhlobonhlobo emisebenzi yobuciko ebandakanyayo, amasiko, nezokungcebeleka⁵. Lelisu eliphelele lihlose ukuhlakulela indawo yedolobha enempilo futhi efinyelelekayo ebonisa ubuciko obuhlukahlukene be-Vancouver.⁶.

Idizayini yasemadolobheni ihlanganisa ukuhlela, ukuklama, nokuphathwa kwezindawo zomphakathi, okuhlanganisa imigwaqo, amapaki, amaplaza, kanye izakhiwo. Kuwumkhuba wemikhakha eminingi ehlanganisa izici zezakhiwo, ukuma kwezwe, ukuhlela amadolobha, kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo ukuze kwakheke izindawo ezisebenzayo, ezithokozisayo, nezivumelana namasiko.⁶.

• Izindawo zasemadolobheni eziklanywe kahle zingakhuthaza umuzwa oqinile wobunikazi bomphakathi kanye nokuba ngeyakho ngokunikeza amathuba okuxhumana nomphakathi, izinkulumo zamasiko, nokuzibandakanya komphakathi.⁵.
• Ihlanganisa izinto zendawo, ukwakhiwa amasu, kanye nezakhi zedizayini zingagcina futhi zibungaze amagugu amasiko ayingqayizivele esifunda, kuyilapho zinciphisa umthelela wezemvelo okuhambisana nokuthuthwa nokuthathwa kwezinsiza⁵.
• Ukuhlanganyela imiphakathi yasendaweni ohlelweni lokuklama amadolobha kungaqinisekisa ukuthi izikhala eziwumphumela zihambisana nezidingo kanye nezifiso zabantu abazozisebenzisa, ukukhuthaza umuzwa wobunikazi nokuphatha.⁷.

Indlela yeVancouver yokuhlanganisa umklamo womphakathi futhi ukuhlela emadolobheni ibe nesandla ekulolongeni ubunjalo bedolobha obunempilo, kwathuthukisa umuzwa wendawo nokuba ngowabantu kanye nezivakashi ngokufanayo.

"Izokwakha nokuklama eCanada akusekelwa kakhulu nguhulumeni uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe, okunomthelela ekuqashelweni komhlaba wonke kwamafemu aseCanada."⁶

Ngokubeka phambili okubandakanyayo umklamo womphakathi futhi kugqugquzelwa umuzwa oqinile wobunikazi bamasiko ngokuhlela amadolobha, iVancouver isiphenduke imodeli kwamanye amadolobha afuna ukudala izindawo zomphakathi ezinempilo, ezigxile kubantu ezibungaza ukuhlukahluka kwemiphakathi yawo.⁵⁶⁷.

Indawo yobuciko basesidlangalaleni yaseVancouver ibonisa ubunikazi obucebile bamasiko bedolobha kanye nokuzibophezela kwalo ekuboniseni ubuciko. Idolobhakazi lenze izinhlelo ezintsha eziphilisa izindawo zomphakathi, ezibandakanya amaciko endawo, futhi ezikhuthaza umuzwa wokuziqhenya komphakathi.⁸.

Kusukela emifanekisweni eqoshiwe yensimbi emide ogwini lwe-English Bay kuya emidwebeni eqhakazile ehlobisa imigwaqo, ukufakwa kobuciko bomphakathi baseVancouver kuwubufakazi bamagugu amasiko ahlukene edolobha. Isibonelo esisodwa esiphawulekayo "i-Spinning Chandelier" yomculi odumile u-Rodney Graham, esebe yisakhiwo sodumo enkabeni yedolobha.⁸.

Ukuzinikela kwedolobha ekwesekeni abaculi bakuleli kubonakala ezinhlelweni ezifana neGordon neMarion Smith Foundation for Young Artists. Le nhlangano isingatha imicimbi eminingi, okuhlanganisa izingxoxo zephaneli, izingxoxo, izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi, amakhonsathi, nokuvakasha, ehlinzeka ngezinkundla ezibalulekile zamaciko asafufusa nasebemnkantshubomvu ukuze abonise umsebenzi wawo.⁸. Uchungechunge lwesipikha lwe-“Art Education, for Life”, ngokwesibonelo, luhlanganisa abaculi abadumile nobuciko Ochwepheshe, ukudweba izethameli eziningi nokukhuthaza izingxoxo ezizwakalayo⁸. Ukwengeza, i-Explore & Create Saturday Art Programme, eqondise imindeni enezingane ezineminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-12, ikhuthaza ukubonakaliswa kobuciko nokwazisa ubuciko kusukela ebuncaneni.⁸.

Ukuxhaswa kwedolobha kwezamasiko nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekufukuleni amaciko endawo. Ngo-2024, uMkhandlu Wedolobha laseVancouver wagunyaza ama- $ 4,244,795 in izibonelelo ezinhlanganweni zamasiko ezingama-75, ezisekela uhla lwezinhlelo nezinkonzo zamaciko, umphakathi wamasiko, kanye nomphakathi⁹. Lezi zibonelelo, ezisukela ku-$27,500 kuya ku-$50,000 inhlangano ngayinye, zenze izinhlelo ezinjengo-$50,000 ezinikezwe i-221A Artist Run Center Society ukuze zisekele abaculi nabaklami be-IBPOC, kanye nezibonelelo zama-$30,000 ku-Unit/PITT Society for Art and Critical Awarement and Theatre Replacement. ngemibukiso yabo, izinhlelo, kanye nokwesekwa kwamaciko⁹.

Ukuzinikela kweVancouver ekukhuliseni umphakathi wayo wezobuciko ophilayo kubonakala emizamweni eqhubekayo yedolobha yokudala izinkundla zokubonisana ngamasiko nokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zamaciko endawo ukuze achume. Lezi zinhlelo azigcini nje ngokucebisa indawo yasemadolobheni kodwa futhi zifaka isandla kumqondo oqinile wobunikazi bamasiko obuchaza iVancouver.⁸⁹.

AmaVancouver ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha iye yalolongwa ngokujulile indawo yayo kanye namagugu amasiko anothile¹⁰. Inani labantu baleli dolobha likhule kakhulu emashumini eminyaka adlule, indawo ebanzi yeMetro Vancouver ithola ukukhula ngo-140% phakathi kuka-1971 no-2016.¹⁰. Lokhu kwanda okusheshayo kuholele endaweni yasemadolobheni ehlukahlukene futhi enempilo, okubonisa ithonya lamaqembu amasiko ahlukahlukene enze iVancouver ikhaya labo.

Indawo yedolobha yedolobha isibe noguquko olumangalisayo, isuka ekwakhiweni kwemoto yaya ezindaweni ezilungele abahamba ngezinyawo nabahamba ngamabhayisikili.¹¹. Lolu shintsho lugqugquzelwe isiko lomphakathi eliqinile, izishoshovu zendawo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni izinqubomgomo zedolobha kanye nezinto ezibalulekile zentuthuko.¹¹. Idizayini ye-“Vancouver Special” yezakhiwo, eyavela ngeminyaka yawo-1960-1980s, iwubufakazi bemizamo yedolobha yokuhlinzeka. izindlu ezingabizi izixazululo ngenkathi kukhulisa isikhala esiningi¹².

Umongo wedolobha wedolobha uphinde wabhekana nokuhlanganiswa kolimi lwezakhiwo, nomqondo wokuthi "Vancouverism" ukwakheka ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970.¹². Le ndlela igxile ekudaleni izindawo zomphakathi ezifinyelelekayo kanye intuthuko yokusetshenziswa okuxubile, okunomthelela edumeni ledolobha njengesikhungo sedolobha esihlalayo nesimeme¹¹.

Ukuhlelwa kwedolobha laseVancouver kuthonywe kakhulu amagugu ahlukahlukene amasiko¹⁰. Ngokungaphezulu kuka-40% wabantu base-Metro Vancouver abakhuluma ulimi lwebele ngaphandle kwesiNgisi noma isiFulentshi, izitayela zezakhiwo zedolobha zibonisa ukuhlangana kwemithelela, okuhlanganisa izitayela zesiNgisi, zaseMelika, iSpanishi nezaseCalifornia.¹². Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kwamasiko kubonakala futhi ekuthuthukisweni kwezindawo zomphakathi eziwuphawu, njenge-Sun Yat-Sen classical Chinese Garden, eyaqedwa ngo-1985-86.¹².

Ukuzibophezela kwedolobha ekusimameni nasekuthuthukisweni okubandakanya wonke umuntu nakho kuyisici esibalulekile sobunikazi balo bamasiko¹¹. Idumela leVancouver njengedolobha lomhlaba wonke liqiniswa amasu alo amasha, abeka phambili nature ukuvikela kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi ku inqubo yokuhlela¹¹.

Sekukonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha laseVancouver kube yinqubo eguquguqukayo neguqukayo, eyakhiwe isimo sayo sendawo esiyingqayizivele, amathonya ahlukahlukene amasiko, kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi okuqinile.¹¹¹²¹⁰. Njengoba idolobha liqhubeka nokukhula futhi lizivumelanisa nezimo, indawo yalo yasemadolobheni ngokungangabazeki izohlala iwubufakazi bobuciko obunothile bamagugu alo amasiko.

Indawo yasemadolobheni yaseVancouver ichazwa ngenhlanganisela evumelanayo yamagugu amasiko kanye nomklamo wesimanje, okubonisa ukuzibophezela kwedolobha ekudaleni izindawo zomphakathi ezinempilo. Izibonelo ezimbili eziyinhloko zale ndlela ephumelelayo i-Granville Island kanye ne-Stanley Park, zombili eziguqule izindawo zangaphambili zezimboni noma zemvelo zaba izindawo eziphumelelayo ezibonisa ubunjalo obuhlukile be-Vancouver.

Uma isiyindawo yezimboni engasetshenziswa kancane, iGranville Island isikhule yaba isizinda samasiko esibungaza umoya wobuciko wedolobha.¹³. Ucwaningo nokubhala kwezifundo zamacala kwenziwa ngumeluleki wase-Ottawa uLouise Atkins¹³. Lo mbhalo usekelwe ezingxoxweni nabantu abangu-15 ababambe iqhaza kumaphrojekthi¹³. Lezi zifundo ezine zigxile ekwakhiweni ngokubambisana kwezakhiwo kumongo wezizwe ezintathu zokuqala kanye nomphakathi owodwa wama-Inuit eCanada.¹³. Icala ngalinye cwaningo yakhethwa kwelinye lamakilasi amane ezimpahla: izikole, izikhungo zomphakathi nezamasiko, izikhungo zokuphatha nezamabhizinisi, kanye nezindlu.

Ingxubevange yaseGranville Island yezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi, izindawo zobuciko obudlalwayo, nezimakethe zasendaweni isiguqule yaba isikhungo samasiko esiheha izakhamuzi nezivakashi ngokufanayo.¹⁴. Umbheki Oholayo wombukiso othi “Ikhaya Lakho Lekusasa” eMnyuziyamu waseVancouver: uGregory Dreicer. Lesi sikhala somphakathi esiguqukayo sesiwuphawu lokuzibophezela kweVancouver ekulondolozeni nasekukhuthazeni ubuciko bayo Ifa.

Ngokungafani nokuvuselelwa kwedolobha laseGranville Island, iStanley Park imele ukulondolozwa kwemvelo yemvelo yaseVancouver. Njengelinye lamapaki amakhulu asemadolobheni eNyakatho Melika, iStanley Park inikeza indawo enokuthula phakathi kwedolobha eliphithizelayo, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa. izindawo eziluhlaza endwangu yasemadolobheni¹⁵. E-New Zealand I-Māori yabhekana nokufuduka ngokushesha lapho u-85% wabantu basemakhaya ngo-1900 futhi washintshela ku-85% wasemadolobheni ngo-2000.¹⁵. I-Canada ibe nokwenyuka okuphawulekayo kwenani labantu basemadolobheni aboMdabu ukusuka ku-6.5% ngo-1951 kuya ku-53% ngo-2006.

I-seawall yepaki, iluhlaza amahlathi, futhi ezihlukahlukene Izilwane zasendle babe yingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi beVancouver, ukukhuthaza ukubandakanyeka komphakathi kanye ukuqaphela kwemvelo¹⁴. Inombolo yabaklami kuphrojekthi ye-“BargePark|ParkBarge”: 12 (Marta Farevaag, Maureen Hetzler, Simone Levy, Bo Lu, Sophie MacNeill, Laura MacDonald, Kelty McKinnon, Chris Mramor, Marta Pietrak, Ariel Vernon, noStephen Wilkinson)¹⁴. Inani labanikeli okukhulunywe ngabo ezitudiyo ezahlukahlukene nabakhi bezakhiwo: 33.

Lezi zifundo eziyisibonelo zaseGranville Island kanye neStanley Park zibonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwedolobha laseVancouver kuguqule ngempumelelo izindawo zangaphambili zezimboni nezemvelo zaba izindawo zomphakathi ezinodlame ezikhombisa ubunjalo bamasiko edolobha futhi zikhuthaze ukuzibandakanya komphakathi.¹⁵. I-Canada inenani labantu base-Aboriginal abayizi-1,400,685, kanti inani labantu basemadolobheni aboMdabu likhula minyaka yonke ngenani elingu-4.8%.¹⁵. Inani labantu basemadolobheni laseCanada likhule ngenani eliphansi lika-1.2% ngonyaka uma liqhathaniswa nezinga lokukhula elingu-4.8% labantu basemadolobheni aboMdabu phakathi kuka-2006 no-2011.

Le miklamo eyimpumelelo yemiklamo yasemadolobheni eVancouver ikhombisa ukuzibophezela kwedolobha ukulinganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha nokulondolozwa kwamasiko kanye ukusimama kwemvelo, esebenza njengamamodeli ukuze amanye amadolobha alingise.

Izakhiwo zaseVancouver ziwubufakazi bokwehlukahlukana kwamasiko edolobha, kanye nemiklamo ehlanganisa izici ezivela kumasiko ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise. Izizwe Zokuqala, zase-Asia, namathonya aseYurophu¹⁶. Isibhakabhaka sedolobha sibonisa ukuhlangana kwezitayela zendabuko nezamanje, lapho izakhiwo zesimanjemanje zihlala ndawonye eduze kwezakhiwo eziyigugu, zidala indawo yedolobha eyingqayizivele ekhombisa ubunikazi obucebile bamasiko eVancouver.

I-landscape yezakhiwo yaseVancouver iyisithombe esibonakalayo sokwakheka kwedolobha kwamasiko amaningi¹⁶. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, kuye kwaba nenani elikhulayo laba Amafemu ezakhiwo zomdabu emazweni aseMelika, uguquko olugqugquzelwe izinguquko zomthetho ezifana ne-Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ka-1975 kanye Nomthetho Wokuthuthukiswa Kobubusi BamaMelika Wonyaka we-1997.¹⁶. Lezi zinhlelo zinike amandla Imiphakathi yabomdabu ukubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuklameni izakhiwo ezikhombisa amagugu azo amasiko kanye nobunikazi bazo.

Izakhiwo zeVancouver zixuba kalula izici zedizayini zendabuko nezindlela zesimanjemanje, ezintsha¹⁷. Ukusetshenziswa kwe i-parametric architecture, ehlanganisa amakhodi omazisi amasiko emiklamo yesimanje, isizuze amandla edolobheni, njengoba kuboniswa amaphrojekthi afana nomfanekiso oqoshiwe woKhozi V.1 e-Esplanade e-Toronto.¹⁷. Lokhu kuhlangana kwakudala nokusha kuvumela iVancouver ukuthi igcine ifa layo lamasiko ngenkathi yamukela amandla edizayini yesimanje.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezakhiwo zaseVancouver kuwubufakazi bokuzibophezela kwedolobha ekugubheni amagugu amasiko amaningi kanye nokuhlinzeka ngenkundla yezinkulumo ezehlukene zamasiko ukuze kuthuthuke¹⁶¹⁷. Le ndlela eyingqayizivele yokuklama ayigcini nje ngokulolonga indawo engokoqobo yedolobha kodwa futhi isebenza njengokuvezwa komphakathi ohlanganisayo nonomdlandla obiza iVancouver njengekhaya.

“Isakhiwo saseVancouver siwumfanekiso wobuciko bendabuko obucebile bedolobha, lapho amasiko avela emhlabeni wonke ehlangana ukuze akhe indawo yasemadolobheni eyingqayizivele nenempilo.”

Izitayela zezakhiwo zeVancouver, kusukela eWest Coast Modern kuya eCascadian nasePostmodern, ziyisibonelo sokuzibophezela kwedolobha ekwamukeleni amagugu amasiko amaningi kanye nokuwuveza ngokuklama okusha¹⁶¹⁷. Lokhu kuhlangana kwezakhi zendabuko nezamanje akugcini nje ngokulolonga indawo ebonakalayo kodwa futhi kusebenza njengophawu olunamandla lokuhlukahluka kwamasiko nobunikazi be-Vancouver.

E-Vancouver, ukusebenzelana komphakathi kuyisisekelo sendlela yedolobha ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha. Uhulumeni wasekhaya uyakubona ukuthi ukwenziwa kwezindawo kuvela emphakathini, futhi uzimisele ngokufuna ukubandakanya izakhamuzi ohlelweni lokuklama ngokubonisana nomphakathi, izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi, kanye nemizamo yokufaka izakhamuzi.¹⁸. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zasemadolobheni zaseVancouver zibonisa izidingo namagugu emiphakathi eyahlukene abayisebenzelayo.

Uhlelo lwamasiko lwaseVancouver, Creative City Isu, iveza ukuzibophezela kwedolobha “Ekwenzeni Indawo Yobuciko Namasiko” kanye I-Vancouver Music Isu¹⁸. Uhlelo lwakhiwe ngokusebenzisa izindawo zokuthinta ababambiqhaza ezingaphezu kuka-5,000, okubonisa ukuzinikela kwedolobha ekufakeni imibono yomphakathi.¹⁸. Le ndlela ehlanganisayo isiza ekulolongeni izindawo zasemadolobheni ezibhekelela ubunikazi bamasiko obuhlukile kanye nezifiso zokudala zabahlali baseVancouver.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwedolobha kwezobuciko namasiko kufakazelwa futhi yiCultural Facilities Priorities Plan, eyamukelwa ngo-2008, kanye ne Ukwenza Indawo Yobuciko Namasiko: Uhlelo Lwengqalasizinda Yezamasiko lwango-2018, ehlose ukuvikela, ukuthuthukisa, kanye nokuthuthukisa izindawo zobuciko namasiko ezinempilo, ezithengekayo, nezifinyelelekayo¹⁸. Lezi zinhlelo zigcizelela imizamo eqhubekayo ye-Vancouver yokuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zokuklama amadolobha zaziswa imibono eyahlukene yababambe iqhaza bendawo.

The Isiko|Shift uhlelo, ngokwesibonelo, lufuna “ukuphakamisa ubuciko namasiko ngokuzihlanganisa zibe yisu ledolobha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, kugxilwe olwazini lwezamasiko nezinqubo zomdabu.”¹⁸ Lokhu kuzibophezela ekuhlanganiseni ukucatshangelwa kwamasiko ezinhlelweni ezibanzi zedolobha kanye nokuthatha izinqumo kuphinde kugqamise ukuzinikela kweVancouver ekwakhiweni kwedolobha eliqhutshwa umphakathi.

Ngokuzibandakanya nezakhamizi, indlela yokwakhiwa kwedolobha laseVancouver iqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zomphakathi zedolobha nengqalasizinda yamasiko zibonisa izindinganiso nezifiso zomphakathi wendawo.¹⁸. Lokhu kuzibophezela ekwakhiweni kokuhlanganyela kusiza ekukhuthazeni umuzwa onamandla wokuziqhenya komphakathi kanye nobunikazi bamasiko phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene baseVancouver.¹⁹.

IVancouver ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “idolobha ngokuklama,” kugcizelela ukuhlela kwayo ngamabomu kanye nendlela yokuthuthukisa umzimba²⁰. Idolobhakazi selisungule umbono oqinile wokukhula okuqondile, likwazi ukubona lo mbono naphezu kwezingcindezi nezithiyo ezihlukahlukene.²⁰. Ukusimama kuyinto ebalulekile ekugxilwe kuyo esu lokuklama le-Vancouver, ngokusebenza kwedolobha imikhuba yokwakha eluhlaza kanye nokudala izindawo zomphakathi ezikhuthaza ukuqwashisa ngemvelo.

Indlela yedolobha yokuhlela amadolobha ihlanganisa nezinhlelo zokwanda green izikhala, ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, Futhi ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni²⁰. Isikhungo esisha somphakathi saseClayton eSurrey, BC, ngokwesibonelo, sizoba yisikhungo sokuqala somphakathi eNyakatho Melika ukufeza. I-Passive House ejwayelekile²¹. Le mizamo ihambisana nomgomo weVancouver wokuba ngomunye wemikhulu emhlabeni amadolobha esimeme.

Ngaphezu kwe isakhiwo esiluhlaza imikhuba, iVancouver iphinde yagxila ekudaleni izindawo zomphakathi ezikhuthaza ukuqwashisa ngemvelo²⁰. I-Granville Island, indawo ethandwa izivakashi, iheha izigidi ezingu-10 sezizonke zokuvakasha zaminyaka yonke, okuyenza ibe yindawo ehamba phambili eheha izivakashi eCanada.²². Lesi siqhingi silandela inqubomgomo yokwenqabela abathengisi abanama-franchise ukuthi balondoloze iminikelo yaso eyingqayizivele, ebonisa ukuzibophezela kwedolobha ekuzinzeni nasekuqhubekeni phambili. umklamo ogxile emphakathini²².

Njengoba iVancouver iqhubeka nokuvela, idolobha libheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini libe “yiDolobha Lomklamo” ngaphezu kwesimo salo esikhona “sedolobha ngokuklama”, ukukhuthaza isiko lokuklama elibanzi nezingxoxo.²⁰. Lolu shintsho luzohambisana nomnyakazo wamazwe ngamazwe wokukhuthaza ithalente lokuklama ngokusebenzisa imincintiswano, imiklomelo, kanye nokukhushulwa, kuqhubeke nokuqinisa isikhundla seVancouver njengomholi ku. ukuhlela amadolobha okusimeme nokuklama.

“Abakhi bezakhiwo kanye nabakhi bamadolobha bebenensa ekubhekaneni nemithelela yomphakathi kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo. Ukushintsha kwenqubomgomo nokubusa kube yimpumelelo ekukhuthazeni isenzo esididiyelwe sokusimama kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi amaningi. "²¹

Izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo ze-Vancouver zemiklamo yedolobha zigcwele amaphrojekthi amasha alungele ukubumba indawo yedolobha ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.²³. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha, njenge izinhlelo zedolobha elihlakaniphile kanye namathuluzi edijithali okubandakanya umphakathi, kulindeleke ukuthi adlale indima ebalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kweVancouver. Le phrojekthi egxile esikhathini esizayo ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuhlala kwedolobha, ukusimama, nokunyakazisa kwamasiko, ukulibeka njengomholi womhlaba wonke emadolobheni. innovation²³.

Umdwebo womgwaqo wokuklama idolobha laseVancouver uhlanganisa uxhaxha lwamaphrojekthi wokuvelela azochaza kabusha indawo eyakhiwe yedolobha.²³. Ukuzibophezela kwedolobha ekubeni idolobha elikhulu elingakhiqizi nhlobo kubonakala ekugxileni kwalo ekuhlanganiseni nobuchwepheshe obuwonga ugesi kanye amandla avuselelweko imithombo ukunciphisa yayo umngcele wekhabhoni²³. Ukwengeza, ukugcizelelwa kwezindawo ezikwazi ukuhamba ngezinyawo kanye nezinto zokuhamba ezisebenzayo, ngokusebenzisa imigwaqo elungele abahamba ngezinyawo nengqalasizinda yamabhayisikili, kuzoguqula indlela izakhamuzi nezivakashi ezijabulela ngayo idolobha.²³.

Ukubhekana nodaba olucindezelayo lwe ukukwazi ukukhokhela izindlu, I-Vancouver ihlola amasu amasha afana nokuklanywa kwezindawo okufakiwe kanye namadlelandawonye ezindlu²³. Idolobhakazi liphinde lamukele intuthuko esetshenziswayo exubile kanye nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokukhula kwesibalo sabantu kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa izindawo zasemadolobheni ezifinyeleleka kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka nezizinda.²³.

IVancouver ihamba phambili ekuzuzeni inzuzo idolobha elihlakaniphile ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ukuhlala kwedolobha, ukusimama, nokusebenza kahle²³. The ukuqaliswa wezinhlelo zokuthutha ezihlakaniphile kanye nengqalasizinda yemoto kagesi ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba, ukunciphisa ukuminyana, nokukhuthaza izixazululo zezokuthutha ezisimeme.²³. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwengqalasizinda yedijithali kanye nokuthathwa kwezinqumo okuqhutshwa yidatha kuzokwenza idolobhakazi likwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi ezisabelayo ekuhleleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha.²³.

Ngokuhambisana nalokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, iVancouver isalokhu izibophezele ekuboniseni ubuciko namasiko²³. Ukufakwa kobuciko bomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zamasiko ziyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekulolongeni ubunjalo bedolobha obuhlukile kanye nendwangu yasemadolobheni, ukugqugquzela ukuzibandakanya komphakathi kanye nomuzwa wendawo.²³.

Njengoba iVancouver ibheka ikusasa, ukuzinikela kwedolobha ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha okusimeme, okubandakanya wonke umuntu, nokuqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe, ngokungangabazeki kuzolibeka njengomholi womhlaba jikelele. izinhlelo zedolobha elihlakaniphile futhi Vancouver urban innovation²³²⁴.

Isinqumo sika U-Alexandra Steed Urban, abadumile Vancouver urban design consultancy, ukuvula ihhovisi elisha eVancouver ngo-2024 kuphawula intuthuko ebalulekile endaweni yokuhlela yedolobha.²⁵. Ubuchwepheshe be-Steed ekuhleleni kahle nasekuklanyweni kwamadolobha kulindeleke ukuthi kube neqhaza elikhulu emizamweni eqhubekayo ye-Vancouver yokudala izindawo zasemadolobheni ezisabela ngokwesiko nezisimeme.²⁵.

Ukuvulwa kwehhovisi laseVancouver kumele amasu dlula U-Alexandra Steed Urban ukuqhubeka nokwandisa ubukhona bayo futhi umthelela emphakathini wendawo. Lesi sinqumo sihambisana nokuzibophezela kosonkontileka ekuletheni izixazululo zemiklamo emisha ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukile kanye nezifiso zabantu abahlukahlukene bedolobha.²⁶.

Umbono ka-Steed wokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko ekwakhiweni uphelelisa ngaphandle komthungo imizamo eqhubekayo ye-Vancouver yokubonisa ifa layo elicebile kanye nobunikazi bamasiko amaningi ngaphakathi kwendwangu yasemadolobheni. Ngokuthola ugqozi ekudwebeni kwamasiko kwedolobha, i-consultancy ihlose ukudala izindawo zomphakathi kanye nezimangaliso zezakhiwo ezibungaza ingqikithi yomlingiswa oyingqayizivele waseVancouver.²⁶.

"Sijabule ngokuba yingxenye yezindawo zasemadolobheni ezithuthukayo eVancouver futhi sinikele ngobuchule bethu bokwakha izixazululo ezithinta inhliziyo nomoya waleli dolobha elimangalisayo."

Ngokuqonda okujulile ngokubaluleka kwezikhala zomphakathi ekwakhiweni kobunikazi bamasiko, U-Alexandra Steed Urban ilungele ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwedolobha laseVancouver okuqhubekayo. Ukuzibophezela kwenkampani yokubonisana ekuhlanganiseni izici zamasiko endleleni yokuklama kulindeleke ukuthi kunothisa ulwazi lwedolobha futhi kuqinise isithunzi salo njengomholi womhlaba wonke ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha okusimeme nokubandakanyayo.²⁵²⁶.

Izikhungo zemfundo zaseVancouver zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuliseni imfundo isizukulwane esilandelayo yabaklami basemadolobheni nabahleli. Amanyuvesi endawo, anjengeNyuvesi yaseBrithani Columbia kanye neSimon Fraser University, anikela ngezinhlelo eziphelele ezifundweni zasemadolobheni kanye nokuklama, akhuthaza ukusungulwa kanye nokucwaninga ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha okusimeme²⁷. Lezi zikhungo zivame ukusebenzisana nezinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nohulumeni wasekhaya, ezihlanganisa ulwazi lwezemfundo ngokusebenza okungokoqobo endaweni yasemadolobheni yaseVancouver.

I-University of British Columbia's School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture idume ngohlelo lwayo lokuklama amadolobha, iheha abafundi abavela emhlabeni wonke.²⁷. Abathweswe iziqu njengoSonny Assu²⁷, u-Annie Briard²⁷, Stan Douglas²⁷, Nadia Myre²⁷, kanye no-Chelsea O'Byrne²⁷ baye baqhubeka nokubumba ubunikazi bamasiko bedolobha ngomsebenzi wabo wokuklama omusha. Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lwe-Urban Studies lwe-Simon Fraser University luhlanganisa ukuqina kwezemfundo nokusebenzelana nomphakathi, luhlomisa abafundi ngamakhono okubhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele namathuba okwakheka kwedolobha laseVancouver.

Lezi zikhungo zemfundo zivame ukwakha ubudlelwano obuqinile nezinhlangano zomphakathi wendawo kanye nama-ejensi kahulumeni, okudala ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwethiyori nokwenza. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwehlobo lwe-Design Your World (DYW), olubanjelwe e-Chicago, e-Miami, nase-St.²⁸, iye yanda ukuze ifake uhlelo lweVancouver, lapho abafundi besebenzisana nabalingani bomphakathi ukuze bacabange kabusha futhi bavuselele izindawo zomphakathi.²⁹. Lokhu kuxutshwa kwempova kolwazi lwezemfundo kanye nezinhlelo eziqhutshwa umphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi abaklami besikhathi esizayo baseVancouver bahlomele kahle ukubhekana nezidingo eziguqukayo zedolobha kanye nezakhamuzi zalo.

“Ukubambisana phakathi kwenyuvesi yethu nomphakathi wendawo kube semqoka kakhulu ekwakheni isizukulwane esilandelayo sabasiki bengqephu. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuqina kwezemfundo nohlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba wangempela, siyakwazi ukukhulisa ukuqonda okujulile kwezinselele eziyingqayizivele namathuba achaza ubunjalo bedolobha laseVancouver.”

– UDkt. Emily Carr, iNhloko yeSikole sezoKwakha kanye neLandscape Architecture, eNyuvesi yaseBritish Columbia

Indlela ye-Vancouver yokuklama amadolobha kanye nobuciko bomphakathi ibonisa ukuzibophezela okuqinile ekuboniseni nasekulolongeni ubunikazi bamasiko edolobha.³⁰. Ukugxila kwedolobha ekusimameni, ukuxoxisana nomphakathi, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwamasiko kubonakala kumasu alo aklanywe kahle okuhlela amadolobha, asuswe imizamo emikhulu yokubonisana nomphakathi.³⁰. Njengoba iVancouver iqhubeka nokuvela, umphakathi wayo wokuklama umema abahlali nezivakashi ngokufanayo ukuthi bahlanganyele futhi babambe iqhaza engxoxweni eqhubekayo mayelana nobunikazi bamasiko bedolobha nekusasa ledolobha.

Kusukela ekufakweni kobuciko bomphakathi okusebenzayo kuya ezindaweni zomphakathi eziklanywe ngokucatshangelwayo, i-Vancouver izimise njengemodeli yokuthi imiklamo yasemadolobheni ingahlakulela futhi ibungaze ubunikazi bamasiko edolobha.³¹. Isimo sedolobha esichumayo sobuciko namasiko, esimakwa ngenani eliphezulu lamaciko ngomuntu ngamunye kanye nenala yemidlalo ebukhoma, imibukiso, nemicimbi, kugcizelela indima ebalulekile yokuklama ekukhuthazeni umuzwa womphakathi nokuzigqaja komphakathi.³¹. Njengoba i-Vancouver iqhubeka nokuvela, indlela yayo yokugxila ekuklanyweni izoba usizo kakhulu ekulondolozeni nasekukhuliseni ubunikazi bedolobha obuhlukile bamasiko ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Umphakathi wokuklama waseVancouver ukumema ukuthi uhlole imidwebo ecebile yedolobha yokukhuluma ngesiko ngokusebenzisa izindawo zakhona zasemadolobheni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyisakhamuzi noma isivakashi, kunamathuba amaningi okuxhumana kanye nokufaka isandla engxoxweni eqhubekayo mayelana nekusasa Ubunikazi bezamasiko baseVancouver futhi ukusebenzelana komklamo wasemadolobheni. Kusukela ekuhambeleni izingxoxo zomphakathi nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zokuklama ukuya ekuzicwiliseni endaweni yobuciko bomphakathi obudlangile yedolobha, ukubamba kwakho iqhaza kungasiza ekulolongeni umzila wobunikazi bamasiko e-Vancouver ngamandla edizayini yedolobha ecatshangwayo, ebandakanyayo.

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