I-Hidden Neurological Toll of Wildfires
I-Hidden Neurological Toll of Wildfires
Ekuqaleni ishicilelwe kwa-STAT, By futhi
U-Ikiz unguchwepheshe wezinzwa owine umklomelo, umsunguli we-EcoNeuro, usihlalo we-International Neuro Climate Working Group e-Columbia University, kanye nomfundisi osizayo eMnyangweni Wezengqondo Stanford IYunivesithi.
Thola okwengeziwe kuwebhusayithi yakhe: Burcin Ikiz PhD
Ngokuhlonishwa kukaClayton Page Aldern
U-Aldern uyintatheli yedatha ephezulu kwaGrist, inxusa locwaningo e-University of Washington's Center for Studies in Demography & Ecology, kanye ne umbhali of "Isisindo Semvelo: Indlela Isimo Sezulu Esishintsha Ngayo Ubuchopho Bethu."
Ukuze uthole isampula eyengeziwe yokubhala kuka-Aldern, yiya ku 'Wonke umuntu unephuzu lokuphuka': ukuthi isimo sezulu sibuthinta kanjani ubuchopho bethu, kuThe Guardian.
Ungafunda okwengeziwe kuwebhusayithi yakhe: https://claytonaldern.com/
Indlela Imililo Yendle Elimaza Ngayo Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchopho Bezingane
NgoJanuwari 2025, enye ye- Imililo yasendle eyingozi kunazo zonke emlandweni wase-US yacekela phansi izindawo eziningi eLos Angeles County, kuhlanganise Pacific Palisades kanye Altadena. Inkokhelo yamanje yayimangalisa: okungenani izimpilo ezingama-30 zilahlekile, abantu abangaphezu kuka-200,000 18,000 bathuthwa, futhi abangaphezu kuka-XNUMX amakhaya nezakhiwo ezicekeleke phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, a ucwaningo lwamuva Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imililo ihlobene nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-440 ngokwedlulele esifundeni.
Nokho nalezi zinombolo aziwuthathi ngokugcwele umonakalo. Imiphumela yenhlekelele ebuchosheni bethu isiqala ukuvela
Ubufakazi besimanje buyesabisa. Ukuchayeka entuthuni yomlilo wequbula kanye nokulimala ngesikhathi samafasitela entuthuko ebalulekile kungashintsha ngokuyisisekelo ukwakheka nokusebenza kobuchopho. Eyodwa isifundo esibalulekile uthole ukuthi ukuchayeka emoyeni ngaphambi kokubeletha ukungcoliswa - uhlobo oluvezwa imililo yequbula, isibonelo - lwaluhlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezilinganisekayo ku-morphology yobuchopho bengane, okuhlanganisa ukugoqa okuncishisiwe kwe-cortical kanye nokwanda kwesikhala soketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal. Lezi zinguquko zigqame kakhulu lapho ukuchayeka kwenzeka phakathi nokukhulelwa okumaphakathi kuya kwasekupheleni.
Imiphumela ijulile. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abahogela intuthu yomlilo wequbula eyingozi ngalezo zinsuku zikaJanuwari e-LA bangase babelethe izingane ezinoshintsho olucashile kodwa oluphawulekayo ekukhuleni kobuchopho. Le ntsha ingase ibhekane nezingozi ezengeziwe zezinkinga zokunaka, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, nezinselele zokuziphatha ezingase zingabonakali kuze kube yilapho zifinyelela iminyaka yesikole.
Imithelela idlulela ngalé kokukhulelwa. Ucwaningo lwamuva ibonise ukuthi ukuchayeka ezinhlayiyeni ezinhle ezivela emlilweni wequbula kuyingozi enkulu yokuwohloka komqondo kunaleyo evela kweminye imithombo (njengokukhipha umoya wemoto). Ngokufanayo, a cwaningo eCalifornia Camp Fire ka-2018 embule ukuthi ukuchayeka okuqondile ekuhlukumezekeni okuvela ezinhlekeleleni zesimo sezulu kushintsha ngokuyisisekelo amakhono okuthatha izinqumo ngokwengqondo. Besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-brain-imaging, ozakwabo bathola ukuthi abasinde emlilweni wasendle babonise ukucubungula umvuzo okhubazekile kanye nomsebenzi oshintshile we-neural ezifundeni ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni nasekusebenzeni okuphezulu. Okukhathaza kakhulu, lezi zinguquko zaqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngemva kwenhlekelele.
Izingane zisengozini kakhulu. Ucwaningo oluthile lwamuva nje ukulandelela izingane ezichayeke ekungcolisweni komoya phakathi nokukhula kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kutholakale ukuncipha kokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nesakhiwo sobuchopho esishintshile esingase siqhubeke sifinyelele eminyakeni yobusha. Ubuchopho obukhulayo buzwela kakhulu ubuthi bemvelo, kanye nenhlanganisela yezinto ezingcolisayo ezikhishwa lapho izindawo ezingomakhelwane zisha - okuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezisindayo, amapulasitiki, nenqwaba yezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali (okuhlanganisa nezinto ezivimbela umlilo ezisetshenziselwa ukucisha amalangabi) - kubangela izingozi ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.
Impela, ezinye zalezi zingozi zingase zibonakale esikhathini esifushane. Kodwa imiphakathi isanda kuqala ukuqonda imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisayo ezafaka ushevu emoyeni, inhlabathi, namanzi futhi iyaqhubeka yenza kanjalo njengoba ukukhuculula imfucumfucu kudala ukungcola okwengeziwe.
Ukuqonda lezi zesikhathi eside zezempilo imithelela iyinkimbinkimbi ikakhulukazi ngoba imiphumela yemizwa okukhulunywa ngayo ayikhawulelwe ekuchayekeni entuthuni. Ukuhlukumezeka okungokwengqondo kokulahlekelwa amakhaya, imiphakathi, kanye nabathandekayo kudala lokho abacwaningi abakubiza ngokuthi “ukuhlukumezeka kwesimo sezulu”: uhlobo oluhlukile lokukhubazeka ngokwengqondo nokwengqondo okuthinta ukusebenza kobuchopho ngezindlela ezilinganisekayo. Imiphumela yokuziphatha neyengqondo iye yabhalwa muva nje ingqondo zezempilo Ukuhlola ye-LA kanye nabasinde emlilweni waseMaui. Izikena zobuchopho zabasinde enhlekeleleni show ukungasebenzi kahle ezifundeni ezihambisana nengcindezi nokukhathazeka, okuhambisana nomsebenzi okhubazekile ezindaweni ezinesibopho sokwenza izinqumo nokulawula imizwa.
Mhlawumbe okuthinta kakhulu, lokhu kuphazamiseka kwemizwa kubonakala kuhlanganisa izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.
Ucwaningo olusafufusa luphakamisa ukuthi ukuhlukumezeka kanye nokuchayeka kwemvelo kungashintsha amaphethini wokuvezwa kofuzo adluliselwa ezinganeni nakubazukulu, into eyaziwa ngokuthi ifa le-epigenetic. Kungase kuthathe amashumi eminyaka ukuqonda umonakalo wale mililo yequbula yakamuva.
Ngaphandle kwalobu bufakazi obuningi, izinhlelo zethu zamanje zokubhekana nezinhlekelele azikulungele ngokudabukisayo ukubhekana nomthelela wezempilo wezinzwa. Izivumelwano eziphuthumayo zigxile ezidingweni zezokwelapha ezisheshayo kanye nendawo yokukhosela yesikhashana, ngokucatshangelwa okuncane kokuvikela impilo yobuchopho noma ukuqapha imiphumela yesikhathi eside yezinzwa. Izinqubomgomo zomshwalense azikubandakanyi ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okudingekayo ukuze kutholwe izinguquko ezicashile zokuqonda, futhi Impilo yengqondo izinsiza zisalokhu zinemali encane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphazamiseka kwezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuphazamisa ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo abantu abanezimo zempilo yengqondo noma yengqondo abathembele kukho, okungasheshisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo noma izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Kudingeka siguqule indlela yethu yokwenza izinto. Njengoba izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu ziba kaningi futhi zibe nzima, ukuvikela impilo yezinzwa kufanele kube ingxenye eyinhloko ukulungela izimo eziphuthumayo kanye nemizamo yokuthola usizo.
Sidinga izinhlelo ezididiyelwe zokuqapha umthelela wezempilo yobuchopho kubantu abavelile, ikakhulukazi izingane kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Sidinga izinhlelo zokungenelela kusenesikhathi ukuze sisekele ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho ngokugcwele emiphakathini ethintekile.
Futhi sidinga izinqubomgomo eziphathelene nezindleko ezigcwele zezinzwa ze ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu lapho uthatha izinqumo ngakho konke kusuka ukuhlela emadolobheni esabelweni sezinsiza zezempilo.
Le mililo iphinde igcizelele imibuzo ebucayi yobulungisa. Imiphakathi enemibala kanye nezindawo ezihlala abantu abahola kancane, esezivele zichayeke ngokungafani nokungcoliswa komoya, zithwele kanzima. umthwalo osinda kakhulu imithelela yomlilo wequbula. Yona le miphakathi ivamise ukuntula ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezidingekayo ukuze kubhekwane nemiphumela yezinzwa, okudala umjikelezo wokungafani kwezemvelo nempilo okuzoqhubeka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Ukuqhubekela phambili, kufanele ngokuyisisekelo cabanga kabusha siwukala kanjani umthelela wezinhlekelele. Ukulimala kwempahla kanye nabalimala abasheshayo kumelela ingxenye encane yeqiniso umphakathi izindleko. Inani lemizwa - ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, izinkinga zokunaka, nokubambezeleka kwentuthuko - kuzothinta imindeni eminingi emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Ukuhlaziya kwezomnotho okunganaki lezi zindleko ezifihliwe kwehlisa kakhulu inani langempela lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ucwaningo lulodwa alwanele. Siyadinga Impilo yomphakathi izikhulu ukuthi zithathele phezulu ukuvikelwa kwezinzwa, abahleli basemadolobheni bacabangele impilo yobuchopho ekuhleleni ukuqina, kanye nabenzi benqubomgomo ukuze babone ukuthi ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuwukulwela ikusasa lokuqaphela komuntu.
Nakuba singeke sikwazi ukuhlehlisa imililo, sisengakwazi ukusebenzela ukuvikela ubuchopho obusathuthuka isizukulwane esilandelayo uma senza ngokuphuthuma okufunwa yile nhlekelele.
Ngenhlanhla, ubuchopho - ikakhulukazi ubuchopho obukhulayo - bukwazi ukumelana nokuqina. Ngenxa ye-neuroplasticity, izingane zivame ukuba namandla okululama ekuthukweni kwemvelo, zakhe kabusha ukuxhumana kwemizwa, futhi zivumelanise nokuziphatha kwazo, zinikezwe ukwesekwa okufanele, ukuphepha nokunakekelwa. Kodwa isikhathi asikho ngasohlangothini lwethu. Isimo esiphuthumayo sezulu futhi siyisimo esiphuthumayo semizwa, futhi kufanele sisiphathe kanjalo.
I-Burcin Ikiz PhD izoba yingxenye yochungechunge oluthi I-Neurosustainability ngo-Okthoba 2025, equkethe umsebenzi we Mohamed Hesham Khalil.
