Ukuzinza Kwezinzwa Nendawo Eyakhelwe-Isizathu Sokuba Ubuchopho Bakho Budinge Amadolobha Angcono
Ukuqina Kwezinzwa kanye Nendawo Eyakhelwe Ngokubambisana Nomfundi Wezifundo Ze-Cambridge, uMohamed Hesham Khalil
Ukuqina Kwezinzwa Nemvelo Eyakhelwe: Kungani Ubuchopho Bakho Budinga Amadolobha Angcono
Siyakwamukela ochungechungeni oluncane lwe-Constructive Voices olugxila ekuzinzeni kwezinzwa kanye nendawo eyakhiwe.
"Ubuchopho abuyona into eqondile... buhlala bushintsha." UMohamed Hesham Khalil
Sihlola umsebenzi we Umfundi wezifundo zaseCambridge, uMohamed Hesham Khalil, which we believe should be integrated into planning and architecture around the world.
Mohamed also brings other top global experts to your ears during this short series of podcasts.
Vula isiqephu 1 ngezansi noma kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-podcast oluthandayo. Bese, ngemva kokulalela iSiqephu sesi-2.
Kuthiwani uma ukusimama kungaphelele ngaphandle kokuthi kufaka phakathi ubuchopho?
In this opening episode, architect and Cambridge PhD candidate Mohammed Hesham Khalil introduces neurosustainability—a way of thinking about buildings and cities that asks how everyday environments shape mental health, cognition, stress levels, and long-term brain resilience.
"Ukusimama... kumele kubandakanye wonke umuntu futhi kufake nengqondo." UMohammed Hesham Khalil
Jackie and Mohammed explore how the built environment influences us in ways we often overlook: the presence (or absence) of nature, whether our days include movement, how much variety and “spatial complexity” we experience, and how factors like air pollution can undermine health—even in places that look green on the surface.
This episode sets the foundation for the series: a practical, research-informed conversation about designing places that support the brain—not just the building.
Lesi siqephu singesanoma ubani owenza izinqumo ezithinta indlela abantu hlala ngaphakathi kwezindawo—futhi noma ubani oke wazizwa, mathupha, ukuthi izindawo ezithile ziyakuphakamisa noma ziyakudonsela phansi.
“Akukhona nje kuphela ngezakhiwo… kumayelana nendlela esiphila ngayo.” UMohamed Hesham Khalil
Abantu abadinga ngempela ukulalela
Abaklami bezakhiwo nabaklami (ikakhulukazi uma ukhathalela inhlalakahle ngale kwezinhla zokuhlola "zokukhanya nomoya")
Abahleli basemadolobheni kanye nabahleli bezokuthutha working on walkability, density, public realm, and mobility
Developers & project managers ukwenza ukuhwebelana phakathi kwezindleko, isikhala, izici eziluhlaza, kanye nokuhlala kahle
Local authorities, policy people, and public health teams looking for stronger links between place and mental health
Ochwepheshe bokuzinza abafuna incazelo egcwele yegama elithi “okuqhubekayo” ehlanganisa ubuchopho bomuntu, hhayi ikhabhoni kuphela
Abaklami bezindawo kanye nabaklami bomhlaba womphakathi ukuklama amapaki, izindawo zemigwaqo, kanye "nemvelo yansuku zonke"
Abaholi bendawo yokusebenza/izikhungo ukucabanga ngamahhovisi, amakhampasi, ukunyakaza, kanye nokucindezeleka
Abacwaningi nabafundi in architecture, planning, neuroscience, psychology, public health, or environmental science
Uzothola okuningi kukho uma…
Umuntu ohlala edolobheni uzizwa ekhathele, ekhathazekile, noma ecindezelekile ngokwengqondo, futhi ngizibuza ukuthi kungakanani lokho "okunguwe" uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo ezungezile
Umuntu ofuna izizathu ezilula nezisebenzayo zokuhamba kakhulu nokuphuma ngaphandle (ngaphandle kwe-fluff yezempilo)
Noma ubani onentshisekelo ngekusasa lamadolobha anempilo—ikakhulukazi ngemva kobhubhane
Ngubani lowo ikakhulukazi ilusizo nge
Uma umsebenzi wakho uthinta walkability, green space, air quality, or urban stress, lesi siqephu sikunikeza ulimi kanye nohlaka locwaningo ukuze uchaze kungani kubalulekile ngendlela abantu abayithatha ngokungathi sína.
Lokho ozokufunda kulesi siqephu
Ini i-neurosustainability kusho ukuthini, nokuthi kungani uMohammed ethi siyakudinga njengohlaka
Indlela ukuvalwa kwezwe okushintshe ngayo okokufaka kobuchopho bethu kwansuku zonke ngokunciphisa imihlaba yethu nokunciphisa ubunzima bendawo
Ini ukunothisa imvelo is and why it matters for brain health across the lifespan
Kungani ukuhambahamba kufanele kuxoxwe ngakho njengesihloko sempilo yengqondo nengqondo, hhayi nje esokuthutha
Kanjani ukuvezwa kwemvelo futhi ukunyakaza can act as protective factors—especially in high-stress urban living
Kungani ikhwalithi yomoya ibaluleke kakhulu njengendawo eluhlaza, nokuthi ukuchayeka okuxubile kungashintsha kanjani imiphumela
Lokhu kusho ukuthini ngezinqumo zokwakha nokuhlela ezenzeka njengamanje
“Buyela emvelweni… bese uhumusha imvelo ibe yindawo yethu eyakhiwe.” UMohamed Hesham Khalil
Izingqikithi ezibalulekile
I-Neuroplasticity: ubuchopho bakho busabela endaweni okuyo
Umyalezo oyinhloko ovela kuMohammed ukuthi ubuchopho buyashintshashintsha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokho esikubona ngokuphindaphindiwe—ukunyakaza, ukucindezeleka, isizungu, imvelo, ukukhuthazwa—kungathonya indlela esisebenza futhi sizizwa ngayo.
Ukucebisa ngemvelo: imvelo + ukunyakaza + ukuhlukahluka
Lesi siqephu sihlola ukuceba njengenhlanganisela yezinzwa ezicebile, ukunyakaza okwengeziwe, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene—izinto impilo yanamuhla evame ukuzisusa.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kuyindlela yokungenelela kwezempilo yobuchopho ecashe endaweni esobala
Uma impilo yansuku zonke ihlanganisa ukuhamba ngokwemvelo, okuphindaphindiwe—ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihehayo—ingase isekele izindawo zobuchopho ezihilelekile ekukhumbuleni, ekuzulazuleni nasekulawuleni imizwa.
Indawo eluhlaza ayilona ikhambi elimangalisayo uma ikhwalithi yomoya iphansi
One of the strongest practical points: well-being is shaped by multiple exposures at once. Trees help, but not if the route there is a pollution corridor.
Izinkomba zesayensi ngokwesikhathi sengxoxo ye-podcast
3:14
Khalil, M. H., & Steemers, K. (2024). Housing environmental enrichment, lifestyles, and public health indicators of neurogenesis in humans: A pilot study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(12), 1553.
Nik Ramli, NN, Kamarul Sahrin, NA, Nasarudin, SNAZ, Hashim, MH, Abdul Mutalib, M., Mohamad Alwi, MN, … kanye noRamasamy, R. (2024). Ukuchayeka Kwansuku Zonke Okukhawulelwe Kokucebisa Imvelo: Ukuvala Igebe Elisebenzayo Kusukela Ezifundweni Zezilwane Kuya Ekusetshenzisweni Kwabantu. Ijenali Yomhlaba Wonke Yocwaningo Lwezemvelo kanye Nempilo Yomphakathi, 21(12), 1584.
Fares, RP, Belmeguenai, A., Sanchez, PE, Kouchi, HY, Bodennec, J., Morales, A., … kanye noBezin, L. (2013). Ukucebisa ngemvelo okujwayelekile kusekela ukuqina kobuchopho emagundwini anempilo futhi kuvimbela ukukhubazeka kokuqonda emagundwini ane-epileptic. PloS one, 8(1), e53888.
Crouzier, L., Gilabert, D., Rossel, M., Trousse, F., & Maurice, T. (2018). Inkumbulo yesimo sendawo ihlaziywe emagundwini kusetshenziswa isivivinyo seHamlet, i-maze entsha eyinkimbinkimbi. I-Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 149, 118-134.
Khalil, MH (2024). Ukucebisa ngemvelo: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile ngomphumela wokuguquguquka kobunzima bendawo ku-hippocampal neurogeneis kanye ne-plasticity kumagundane, kanye nokucatshangelwa kokuhumusha ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezakhiwe ngabantu. Frontiers in neuroscience, 18, 1368411.
3:52
Khalil, MH (2024). Ukukwazi ukuzimela kwemvelo ngomsebenzi womzimba, ukuqina kwemizwa, kanye nempilo yobuchopho: ukulinganisa ikhono lendawo eyakhelwe kuyo lokusekela ukukhululwa kwe-BDNF ngokufinyelela kuma-metabolic equivalents (METs). Brain Sciences, 14(11), 1133.
Puccinelli, P. J., da Costa, T. S., Seffrin, A., de Lira, C. A. B., Vancini, R. L., Nikolaidis, P. T., … & Andrade, M. S. (2021). Reduced level of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with depression and anxiety levels: an internet-based survey. BMC public health, 21(1), 425.
Benke, C., Autenrieth, L. K., Asselmann, E., & Pané-Farré, C. A. (2022). Stay-at-home orders due to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with elevated depression and anxiety in younger, but not older adults: results from a nationwide community sample of adults from Germany. Psychological Medicine, 52(15), 3739-3740.
UCoughenour, C., Gakh, M., Pharr, JR, Bungum, T., & Jalene, S. (2021). Izinguquko ekucindezelekeni nasekusebenzeni ngokomzimba phakathi kwabafundi basekolishi ekhempasini ehlukahlukene ngemuva komyalelo wokuhlala ekhaya we-COVID-19. Ijenali yezempilo yomphakathi, 46(4), 758-766.
Wolf, S., Seiffer, B., Zeibig, JM, Welkerling, J., Brokmeier, L., Atrott, B., … kanye noSchuch, FB (2021). Ingabe umsebenzi womzimba uhlotshaniswa nokucindezeleka okuncane kanye nokukhathazeka ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19? Isibuyekezo esisheshayo esihlelekile. Sports Medicine, 51(8), 1771-1783.
4:17
Khalil, M. H. (2025). The Impact of Walking on BDNF as a Biomarker of Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences, 15(3), 254.
Phillips, C. (2017). Isici se-neurotrophic esithathwe ebuchosheni, ukucindezeleka, kanye nomsebenzi womzimba: okwenza uxhumano lwe-neuroplastic. I-neural plasticity, 2017(1), 7260130.
5:30
U-Elliott, T., uLiu, KY, uHazan, J., uWilson, J., uVallipuram, H., uJones, K., … noHoward, R. (2025). I-Hippocampal neurogeneis kuma-primates amadala: isibuyekezo esihlelekile. I-Molecular Psychiatry, 30(3), 1195-1206.
Zhou, Y., Su, Y., Yang, Q., Li, J., Hong, Y., Gao, T., … kanye noSong, H. (2025). Ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hippocampal neurogeneis yabantu abadala kwembula ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile zomuntu kodwa izinqubo zebhayoloji ezihambisanayo. I-Nature neuroscience, 28(9), 1820-1829.
Spalding, KL, Bergmann, O., Alkass, K., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Huttner, HB, … kanye noFrisén, J. (2013). Amandla okukhula kwe-hippocampal neurogeneis kubantu abadala. Cell, 153(6), 1219-1227.
6.09
UMieske, P., Hobbiesiefken, U., Fischer-Tenhagen, C., Heinl, C., Hohlbaum, K., Kahnau, P., … kanye noDiederich, K. (2022). Unesithukuthezi ekhaya? —Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile ngomphumela wokucebisa imvelo enhlalakahleni yamagundane namagundane aselabhorethri. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 899219.
UMcCormick, BP, Brusilovskiy, E., Sneten, G., Klein, L., Townley, G., & Salzer, MS (2022). Ukuphuma endlini: Ubudlelwano bokungena emphakathini kanye nokuqonda izinzwa phakathi kwabantu abadala abanesifo sengqondo esingathi sína. I-Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 45(1), 18.
6:54
Khalil, MH (2025). Izindawo Eziluhlaza Zobuchopho Obuqhubekayo: Amapharamitha Abumba Ukuguquguquka Kwe-Neuroplasticity kanye Nesikhathi Sokuphila Ukuqina Kwe-Neurosustainability—Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo. Ijenali Yomhlaba Wonke Yocwaningo Lwezemvelo kanye Nempilo Yomphakathi, 22(5), 690.
Khalil, MH (2024). Ukusimama Kwezinzwa. Imingcele Kusayensi Yezinzwa Zabantu, 18, 1436179.
8:51
UKempermann, G., Kuhn, HG, & Gage, FH (1997). Ama-neurons e-hippocampal engeziwe kumagundane amadala ahlala endaweni ecebile. Nature, 386(6624), 493-495.
Funabashi, D., Tsuchida, R., Matsui, T., Kita, I., & Nishijima, T. (2023). Indawo yokuhlala ekhulisiwe kanye nokwanda kobunzima bendawo kuthuthukisa i-hippocampal neurogeneis kodwa akukhulisi umsebenzi womzimba kumagundane. I-Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1203260.
9:14
Rossi, C., Angelucci, A., Costantin, L., Braschi, C., Mazzantini, M., Babbini, F., … kanye noCaleo, M. (2006). I-Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) iyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-hippocampal neurogeneis ngemva kokunothisa imvelo. I-European Journal of Neuroscience, 24(7), 1850-1856.
9:47
USchmidt, HD, & Duman, RS (2010). I-Peripheral BDNF ikhiqiza imiphumela efana neyokucindezeleka kumamodeli eselula kanye nokuziphatha. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(12), 2378-2391.
Zhou, C., Zhong, J., Zou, B., Fang, L., Chen, J., Deng, X., … kanye noLei, T. (2017). Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kokusebenza kahle kokuqhathanisa kwemithi yokucindezeleka ekugxilweni kwe-BDNF engaphandle kweziguli ezinesifo sokucindezeleka. PloS one, 12(2), e0172270.
9:56
I-Toader, C., Serban, M., Munteanu, O., Covache-Busuioc, RA, Enyedi, M., Ciurea, AV, & Tataru, CP (2025). Ukusuka ku-synaptic plasticity kuya ku-Neurodegeneration: I-BDNF njengethagethi yokuguqula kwezokwelapha. Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yesayensi Yamangqamuzana, 26(9), 4271.
UYang, T., uNie, Z., uShu, H., uKuang, Y., uChen, X., uCheng, J., … kanye noLiu, H. (2020). Indima ye-BDNF ekuqineni kwezinzwa ekucindezelekeni. Imingcele ku-neuroscience yeselula, 14, 82.
Schmidt, S., Gull, S., Herrmann, KH, Boehme, M., Irintchev, A., Urbach, A., … kanye noWitte, OW (2021). Ukwakheka okusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho ebuchosheni bomuntu omdala: Indlela ubuchopho obufundayo obukhula ngayo. Neuroimage, 225, 117502.
10:14
Khalil, MH (2024). Imodeli esebenzisana ne-BDNF ye-neurogeneis ye-hippocampal esimeme kubantu: Imiphumela ye-synergistic yomsebenzi womzimba ohambisana nemvelo, ukukhuthazwa kwengqondo, kanye nokucabanga. I-International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(23), 12924.
10:54
Khalil, M. H. (2025). Borderline in a linear city: Urban living brings borderline personality disorder to crisis through neuroplasticity—an urgent call to action. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1524531.
Khalil, MH & Steemers, K. (2026). I-Neurobiophilia. Isayensi Yengqondo.
12.04
Khalil, M. H. (2025). Urban physical activity for neurogenesis: infrastructure limitations. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1638934.
Bos, I., Jacobs, L., Nawrot, TS, De Geus, B., Torfs, R., Panis, LI, … kanye noMeeusen, R. (2011). Akukho ukwanda okubangelwa ukuzilolonga kwe-serum BDNF ngemva kokugibela ibhayisikili eduze komgwaqo omkhulu wethrafikhi. Izincwadi ze-Neuroscience, 500(2), 129-132.
UPu, F., uChen, W., uLi, C., uFu, J., uGao, W., uMa, C., … kanye noLiu, Z. (2024). Ukuhlangana okungafani kwezici zemvelo eziningi kanye nezilinganiso zokuguga eziningi. Ukuxhumana kwemvelo, 15(1), 4921.
13:19
UKühn, S., Düzel, S., Eibich, P., Krekel, C., Wüstemann, H., Kolbe, J., … kanye noLindenberger, U. (2017). Ukufuna izici ezakha "indawo ecebile" kubantu: Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhiwo zezwe kanye nesakhiwo sobuchopho. Imibiko yesayensi, 7(1), 11920.
USudimac, S., Sale, V., & Kühn, S. (2022). Indlela imvelo enakekela ngayo: Umsebenzi we-Amygdala uyancipha ngenxa yokuhamba ihora elilodwa emvelweni. I-Molecular psychiatry, 27(11), 4446-4452.
UHarris, JC, uLiuzzi, MT, uCardenas-Iniguez, C., uLarson, CL, kanye noLisdahl, KM (2023). Isikhala esimpunga kanye nokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi-amygdala yemodi ezenzakalelayo. Imingcele ku-Human Neuroscience, 17, 1167786.
14.13
URichelli, L., Arioli, M., & Canessa, N. (2025). Ukuqina Kwezinzwa: Ukubuyekezwa Kokuhlola Ezisekelweni Zezinzwa Zokuqonda Zokwenza Izinqumo Ezisimeme. Isayensi Yobuchopho, 15(7), 678.
14:48
Khalil, MH (2025). Ukuhamba kanye nokwakheka kwe-Hippocampal Izinguquko zevolumu: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile. Isayensi Yobuchopho, 15(1), 52.
UCerin, E., Rainey-Smith, SR, Ames, D., Lautenschlager, NT, Macaulay, SL, Fowler, C., … kanye no-Ellis, KA (2017). Ukuxhumana kwendawo yomakhelwane nemiphumela yokuthwebula izithombe zobuchopho eqenjini le-Australian Imaging, Biomarkers kanye ne-Lifestyle. I-Alzheimer's & Dementia, 13(4), 388-398.
USudimac, S., & Kühn, S. (2024). Ingabe ukuhamba kwemvelo kungashintsha ubuchopho bakho? Ukuphenya ngokuqina kobuchopho be-hippocampal ngemva kwehora elilodwa ehlathini. Ucwaningo Lwezemvelo, 262, 119813.
16:32
UKhalil, MH, kanye noSteemers, K. (2025). Izakhiwo Zokukhuthaza Ubuchopho: Ukubonisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwezitebhisi Njenge-Booster Yansuku Zonke Ye-Neurotrophic Factor Evela Ebuchosheni. Izakhiwo, 15(20), 3730.
17:44
U-Moreno-Jiménez, EP, Terreros-Roncal, J., Flor-García, M., Rábano, A., & Llorens-Martín, M. (2021). Ubufakazi be-hippocampal neurogenesis yabantu abadala. Ijenali ye-Neuroscience, 41 (12), 2541-2553.
19:44
I-Park, SA, Lee, AY, Park, HG, & Lee, WL (2019). Izinzuzo zemisebenzi yokulima ingadi yokusebenza kwengqondo ngokuya ngokulinganisa amazinga okukhula kwemizwa yobuchopho. Ijenali Yomhlaba Wonke Yocwaningo Lwezemvelo kanye Nempilo Yomphakathi, 16(5), 760.
20:59
Khalil, MH (2026). I-Architectural Spatial Complexity Index (A-SCI): Ithuluzi Lokuhlola Ukwakheka Kwe-Hippocampal Neurogenesis Ngokucebisa Ngokwazi. [Okuzayo]
21:59
UShin, N., uRodrigue, KM, uYuan, M., kanye noKennedy, KM (2024). Ubunzima bemvelo ye-geospatial, ivolumu yobuchopho bendawo, kanye nokuziphatha kwendawo kuyo yonke i-spectrum yesifo se-Alzheimer's. I-Alzheimer's & Dementia: Ukuxilongwa, Ukuhlolwa kanye Nokuqapha Izifo, 16(1), e12551.
24:38
Khalil, MH & Steemers, K. (2026). Inkomba ye-Neurobiophilia. Izakhiwo. [Okuzayo].
Mayelana noMohammed Hesham Khalil
UMohammed Hesham Khalil ungumcwaningi wezakhiwo kanye nososayensi we-neuroscience, kanye nomfundi we-PhD eNyuvesi yaseCambridge.
Umsebenzi wakhe uhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokucebisa imvelo, i-neurogeneis, kanye nendawo eyakhiwe, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa uhlaka olusebenzayo lokusimama kwemizwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kanye nokuma kwedolobha.
Okulotshiweyo
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi umbhalo ukhiqizwe ngedijithali futhi ungase ube namaphutha.
[00:00:00]Voice Over: This is Constructive Voices. Constructive Voices, the podcast for the construction people with news, views and expert interviews.
[00:00:12] UMark: Siyakwamukela ochungechungeni oluncane lwe-Constructive Voices olugxila ekuzinzeni kwemizwa kanye nendawo eyakhiwe.
Siphenya ngomsebenzi womfundi wezifundo zaseCambridge uMohammad Hesham Khalil, esikholelwa ukuthi kufanele uhlanganiswe nokuhlela kanye nokwakha emhlabeni jikelele.
UMohammed uphinde alethe abanye ochwepheshe abaphezulu emhlabeni wonke ezindlebeni zakho phakathi nalolu chungechunge olufushane lwama-podcast.
Nokho, lesi siqephu sinothile kakhulu ngolwazi esikholwa ukuthi abaningi kini bazofisa ukulifunda kabanzi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ikhasi lolwazi olubhaliwe lwesiqephu liqukethe ingxenye yokuhlola okwengeziwe enezinkomba zesayensi ezahlukahlukene.
[00:00:52] Jackie De Burca: Sawubona noma ntambama enhle. Lo nguJackie De Burca lapha ovela ku-Constructive Voices. Nginalokho engikholwa ukuthi kuzoba yingxoxo ethokozisayo kakhulu kuwe namuhla. NginoMohammad Hesham Coming Khalil. Futhi okwamanje usebenza kumbono omangalisayo wokuzinza kwemizwa oxhumene nendawo eyakhiwe. Ngezinzuzo zabalaleli bethu ku-Constructive Voices. Mohamed, ngiyabonga ngokuthatha isikhathi sokuba lapha nathi namuhla. Ungazethula kafushane nje?
[00:01:19] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Ngiyajabula. Sawubona nonke. NginguMohammed. Ngingumklami wezakhiwo, umcwaningi ku-neuroscience, kanye nomfundi we-PhD eNyuvesi yaseCambridge, ngihlola ukuhlangana kokunothisa kwemvelo kanye ne-neurogeneis njengengxenye yomsebenzi wokufeza ukusimama kwenu. Ngokukhethekile, ukugxila kwami ekunothisa kwemvelo kuqala ngendawo yasemadolobheni bese kudlulela ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhiwo ukuthuthukisa i-neurogeneis ngokusebenzisa ukunothisa kwezimoto, ukuqonda kanye nokubona.
[00:01:47] U-Jackie De Burca: Yini okokuqala ekudonseleni ukuthi uhlole le mpambano-mgwaqo phakathi kwe-neuroscience ne-architecture?
[00:01:54] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Kwakungesikhathi sokuvalelwa, uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, lapho ngaqala ukubona abantu abaningi bezizwa becindezelekile kakhulu futhi benamazinga aphezulu okukhathazeka, lokho kwaqala ngokuthile okufana nendawo eyakhiwe, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthi abanye abantu baye baqhubeka nalezo zimpawu ngisho nangemva kokuvalelwa. Ngakho-ke lokho kushintsha kokubhekana nendawo eyakhiwe ngendlela ethile bese ngibuyela emuva kwakuyisixwayiso. Ukuqala ukubona lobu budlelwano phakathi kwendawo eyakhiwe nobuchopho bomuntu, ngoba ngiyazi ukuthi buhlotshaniswa nempilo yengqondo nokusebenza kwengqondo kwakuyisisusa ngempela. Futhi ngaqala njengokuhlola lokhu ngesikhathi seMaster's yami. Kwakuyizifundo ezahlukene phakathi kwezakhiwo kanye ne-neuroscience, i-neuroscience esetshenziswa ngqo. Bese kuba yilapho lapho ngaqala khona ukwenza i-PhD yami eNyuvesi yaseCambridge ukuze ngihlole lo mthelela wendawo eyakhiwe ku-neuroplasticity ngokujulile.
[00:03:01] Jackie De Burca: Kulungile, kuhle kakhulu. Manje ngitshele ngokujulile, Mohammed, bekuyini ngokuvalelwa endlini kanye nobuchopho obubonile?
[00:03:09] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Empeleni lokho kwaqinisekiswa kamuva ngesikhathi socwaningo lokuhlola esilwenzile lapha eCambridge, kodwa kwakumayelana nokwehla kwezinga lokuchayeka kokuthile esikubiza ngokuthi iSayensi, ubunzima bendawo, kuningi endaweni yangaphandle futhi kuningi ezindaweni zemvelo kunasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Kodwa uma sichitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphakathi endlini, lokho akukuhle ngempela ebuchosheni bethu. Futhi kunobufakazi obukhulayo. Kuyivelakancane, kodwa kunobufakazi obanele bokusekela lo mbono awubangelwa nje ukulahlekelwa ukuchayeka ebunzimeni obukhulu bendawo, kodwa futhi nokuncipha kwezikhathi zomsebenzi womzimba, ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, ngisho naphakathi kwabantu abanempilo, hhayi abane-major depression disorder. Kodwa sesivele sazi ukuthi kunezifundo ezithile eziye zabonisa ukuthi abantu ababesebenza ngokomzimba ekhaya banamazinga aphansi okucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Futhi isayensi ithi ukucindezeleka kanye nengxenye yobuchopho, ikakhulukazi i-dentate gyrus ku-hippocampus, lapho kwenzeka khona into ebizwa ngokuthi i-neurogenesis. Futhi ezinye i-biomarkers, uyazi, zakha njengonxantathu okhuluma okuningi ngendlela indawo eyakhiwe ethinta ngayo le ndawo yangaphakathi yezinto eziphilayo.
Ukubuyela ngaphandle lapho abantu bengaba nezindlela zokuphila ezimatasa kakhulu, ukuchayeka kakhulu ebunzimeni bendawo njalo njalo, kwakuyikhambi.
[00:04:36] Jackie De Burca: Ngisho ukuthi, kuyisihloko esithakazelisayo kakhulu ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi, uyazi, nge-COVID kanye nokuvalelwa ekhaya eminyakeni embalwa edlule, siqopha lokhu ngo-2025. Uyazi, kuseyinto ethinte abantu namalungu emindeni yabo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke lesi sihloko, yize singokwesayensi kakhulu, ngicabanga ukuthi sihlobene kakhulu nabantu, akunjalo?
[00:04:54] U-Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Ngiyavuma.
[00:04:55] Jackie De Burca: Ngakho-ke wena ngokwakho, kusobala ukuthi ubulokhu usezindaweni ezimbalwa ezahlukene zomsebenzi wakho kanye nezifundo zakho, eCairo, eBoston naseCambridge. Uke waphawula ukuthi lezo zindawo zithonye kanjani ukucabanga kwakho ngendawo kanye nenhlalakahle?
[00:05:08] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo, empeleni, ngoba ingxenye yobunzima bendawo, uyazi, ngithanda ukuyichaza kafushane ngaphambi kokuba ngichaze ukuthi ngihlobene kanjani ngqo nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho. Asinabo ubufakazi obutholakalayo kubantu mayelana nobunzima bendawo, kodwa sinobufakazi obuningi obusekelwe kumamodeli ezilwane. Futhi lokhu kungase kube njengokuhlekisa, kodwa ubuchopho bomuntu kanye nobuchopho bezilwane kufana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ukushintsha indawo, le nqubo ngokwayo iwukuvuselelwa kobunzima bendawo esivezwe kuyo. Ukusuka kwelinye izwe ukuya kwelinye bese sibuyela emuva. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngisebenza kwi-PhD yami nokubuyela emuva, ngaqala ukuqaphela lezo zinguquko. Futhi lokho kwakusekela umbono enganginawo engqondweni wokuthi akukhona nje ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi womzimba okwakuthinta isimo sengqondo sonke, kodwa ngoba umsebenzi womzimba uyingxenye efana nokuphila ngokukhululeka, akudingeki ukwenze kube ngokuhlelekile. Kodwa futhi ukushintsha indawo kubikwe ezifundweni ezimbalwa ukuthi kuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo futhi kuthuthukisa nokusebenza kwengqondo.
Ngakho-ke kunempilo ngempela. Kuvezwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zobunzima bendawo ezimweni nasezifundeni ezahlukene.
[00:06:18] Jackie De Burca: I can agree with you because as some people already know, I am Irish and I’ve lived in Spain for an awfully long time, but I’ve also lived in Greece and also in the uk, so I have a little bit of my own experience of that. And I could say also that, yeah, when I come back over to Spain, having visited Ireland, I find this whole process that you’ve just explained very well.
[00:06:38] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo, ngiyazi. Futhi unezindaba ezithakazelisayo mayelana nokuthi lokho kwavusa kanjani ubuciko.
[00:06:42] Jackie De Burca: Impela. Ngakho-ke ake singene ekugxilweni okuyinhloko komsebenzi wakho, igama elingukhiye eliyinhloko, uma uthanda ukusimama okusha. Ungakuchaza kanjani, Mohammed, kumuntu ozwa lokho okokuqala?
[00:06:55] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, ubuchopho abuyona into eqondile. Ngakho-ke buhlala bushintsha. Futhi ezinye izinguquko zingabonakala ngesikhathi esifushane, ezinye njengesikhathi eside, kodwa ziyashintsha.
Ngakho-ke ubuchopho bushintsha ngendlela enhle uma busendaweni yemvelo.
Ngakho-ke uma sisebenzisa igama elithi ukuzinza ekulondolozeni iplanethi, kufanele lihlanganise futhi lifake nobuchopho. Ngakho-ke leyo kwakuyinhloso yami ukugqamisa ukuzinza kwemizwa njengendlela yokuphila, ukwakha nokusekela impilo emazingeni ahlukene. Singasho ukuthi ukuqonda, ingqondo nokuningi, kodwa igama elihlanganisayo eliphinde liphonsele inselelo imibono ekhona. Futhi ngoba igama elithi isakhiwo esisha esisetshenziswa kakhulu lithatha isiqondiso esihlukile futhi ligxile kakhulu ezinqubweni zokuqonda nokuningi, liyindlela yokuziphatha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ngacabanga ukuthi sidinga igama elingukhiye elisha, eliqokomisa okuthile okunganakwa noma okunganakwanga. Njengoba sinikezwe lokho kunaka okukhulu. Naphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba sibonile ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa.
[00:08:03] Jackie De Burca: Impela. Ngakho-ke, yebo, vele kwakukhona amahlaya amaningi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Abantu bazokhumbula lokhu, abantu bethola izinja, uyazi, ukuze bakwazi ukuphuma baye emvelweni nakuzo zonke lezo zinto. Manje usugxila ngokusobala ebunzimeni bendawo osuvele uthinte kubo kanye nokucebisa imvelo. Lokhu kuthinta kanjani ubuchopho ezingeni lezinto eziphilayo?
[00:08:20] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo. Ngakho-ke sifunda okuningi ngokucebisa indawo kusuka kumamodeli egundane ngoba asendaweni elawulwayo kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ekufeni. Futhi abacwaningi bakwazile ukuqonda umthelela wobunzima bendawo, amasondo okugijima njalonjalo. Ngakho-ke saqonda ukuthi indawo ecebile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyichaza kanjani imodeli yesilwane noma umuntu, iyinto ebalulekile ekukhuliseni ubuchopho bomuntu. Futhi yilokho ubuchopho bomuntu obukudingayo ukuze bukhulise futhi busekele izimpendulo zalo ze-neuroplastic. Bungashintsha ngendlela enhle, engabonakala ngobuningi bobuchopho obukhuphukile, amazinga e-biomarker akhuphukile, njengoba siwabiza ngokuthi izici zokukhula. Kukhona enye ebizwa ngokuthi i-brain derived neurotrophic factor, i-BDNF phakathi kwezinye. Ukuxhumana phakathi kokucebisa indawo kanye nalowo mphumela wokuthi sithi ukusebenza kwengqondo kanye nempilo yengqondo kunezinyathelo ezengeziwe phakathi. Ngakho-ke ukuvezwa kokuqala kokucebisa indawo kuqala ukukhulisa amazinga alezo zinto zokukhula ezihlotshaniswa nezinye izindlela eziningi zama-molecule. Kodwa lokho kuthathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwengqondo.
Isebenza njengomphilisi wokudambisa ukucindezeleka, njengoba kuboniswe ocwaningweni oluningi. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inegalelo ekukhuliseni i-neuroplasticity yobuchopho ngokwandisa umthamo wayo ekuphenduleni i-synaptic plasticity noma i-neurogenesis. Kodwa i-neurogenesis empeleni iyinto engavamile kakhulu. Uyazi, imayelana nenkumbulo, kodwa iyonke inqubo eqondile futhi ende esenza sicabange kabusha uma sithatha ukucebisa imvelo ezindaweni zethu kalula nokuthi sidinga ngempela imodeli entsha kithi njengabantu abakha indawo yabo.
[00:10:09] UJackie De Burca: Iyiphi indima edlalwa nguMohammed endaweni eyakhiwe nsuku zonke ekwakheni impilo yengqondo, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni?
[00:10:15] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yeah. With the rapid increase of urbanization, there are lots of things to talk about. First of all, spatial complexity, of course, and how the environment promotes and encourages everyday physical activity. That can be a moderate intensity walk or cycling. The more we rely on transportation, the more we are exposed to build further than natural environments. We’re losing more of the essence found in nature. And that in turn, you know, it doesn’t provide the brain with what it needs.
[00:10:43] Jackie De Burca: Kulungile, ngakho ngicabanga ukuthi enye yezinto ebengizicabanga njengoba bengicwaninga, uyazi, umsebenzi wakho ngaphambi kwengxoxo yethu namuhla ukusebenzisa kwethu izimoto, ezokuthutha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezokuthutha, kanye nokuba kwethu endlini empeleni sekuyiminyaka embalwa nje ubudala, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke uma uqhathanisa lokho nesikhathi eside kangaka ngaphambili bese ngiyazi ukuthi kuyisihloko esihlukile. Kodwa uma ubheka izakhi zofuzo ezivela kokhokho bethu, inkumbulo yezakhi zofuzo, zonke lezo zinto, akuyona into yemvelo ukuthi sibhajwe emabhokisini nasezinhlelweni zezokuthutha ezisebenza ngomshini, akunjalo?
[00:11:15] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yeah, exactly. And it’s very critical for our evolution. Why we need to reconsider, consider this is because we are moving forward. And if we look forward, it would be like maybe not good for our brains. Maybe the next generation will not benefit from what we’re doing right now. So yeah, we may really touch on important topics that may seem irrelevant, but they are part of this debate. Climate change, for instance, it is affecting the innate spatial complexity found in nature. So we are not just building environments that are in which. But we need to sustain the environment enrichment that is found in nature. And also, like you mentioned, transportation is really important because pollution has been found to impair the increase in growth factors and other molecules. Even if we make our environments more green, if there is high air pollution that has it, it’s called like an antagonistic variable, so counteracts the positive impact of. Of an enriched element.
Ngakho-ke kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ngempela, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka yonke into. Kuyini ukucebisa indawo? Akukhona nje ngomsebenzi womzimba kanye nobunzima bendawo. Kugxile ezinkingeni esinazo esizukulwaneni sethu.
[00:12:24] UJackie De Burca: Ngoba nje kungenye yezihloko ezixoxwe ngazo eziqeshini ezedlule, umthetho we izinto eziphilayo kanye naleyo nzuzo eyaqala ukusebenza e-UK. Kodwa-ke ngesikhathi esifanayo, kube nezingxoxo eziningi ezintsha kanye nokulungiswa kanye nokungaqiniseki ngakho. Elinye lamaphuzu esiwazamile ukuwaphakamisa nabanye bezivakashi zethu ukuthi uma uthuthukisa indawo yokuhlala emadolobheni, kungani ungafaki imvelo eningi futhi ungabhubhisi imvelo ekhona? Ngoba ekugcineni kosuku, kuzoba yinto efiselekayo kubantu abafuna ukutshala imali noma ukuhlala lapho.
[00:12:53] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Kunjalo impela. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kunganikezwanga ukunakwa noma ukunakekelwa okwanele, ngoba kwakusanda kuvela ubufakazi obengeziwe bokukhombisa ukuthi, yebo, indawo eluhlaza inomthelela ebuchosheni futhi indawo eyakhiwe nayo inomthelela, kodwa ihlukile. Ngakho-ke njengoba nginomthwalo wemfanelo wokuzinza, ngiyabona ukuthi ukuza akugcini nje ngokusindisa iplanethi, kodwa sikwenzela thina, ngaphambi kweplanethi kanye nasemhlabeni. Ngakho-ke ngiyabona ushintsho lwendlela oluzayo maduze.
[00:13:23] Jackie De Burca: Yebo, futhi lokho kusobala ukuthi kuzokwamukelwa kakhulu. Ngeshwa, futhi, hhayi ukuba ngumuntu ogxekayo, kodwa ukuba qotho kakhulu ngabantu esikhulume nabo futhi esicwaningile esikwenzile. Ngeshwa, njengabantu, ubugovu buvimbela intuthuko ehlukahlukene engaba khona. Futhi uma ukhuluma nabantu ngalokho okuzobazuzisa bona kanye nemindeni yabo kanye nesikhwama sabo semali, bayakwazi ukukuqonda lokho. Ngaphambi, ngeshwa, ngeshwa, izinkinga ezinkulu.
[00:13:44] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo, impela. Kukhona ucwaningo oluzayo ngalokhu. Angikwazi ukusho okwengeziwe ngakho okwamanje, ngeshwa. Kodwa yebo, uqinisile impela. Kuyinto abantu abacabanga ngayo ngezinto ezibathintayo ngaphambili, uyazi, becabanga ngalokho okubaluleke kakhulu, njengaseplanethi noma yini ezuzisa kakhulu. Kodwa yilokho kuphela. Kunjalo ngempela. Akuhlukile, kuyizinhlangothi ezimbili zento efanayo.
[00:14:09] Jackie De Burca: Mm. Kunjalo impela. Izinhlangothi ezimbili zohlamvu lwemali olufanayo ezifundweni zakho. Mohammed, ngokuhamba, okungithakazelisa kakhulu, umsebenzi we-hippocampal, yimiphi eminye yemiphumela emangazayo noma eqinisekisayo oyitholile?
[00:14:22] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo, bekuhlaba umxhwele ngempela ngoba akukhona nje ukuthi i-hippocampus iyanda ngenxa yokubalwa kwezinyathelo eziningi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kokuhamba, kodwa futhi nokukwazi ukuhamba endaweni eyakhiwe. I-1km ngayinye eyengeziwe yokuhamba ingaba ncane. Kukhona ukuhlangana okuqondile phakathi kokwanda komthamo we-hippocampal kanye nokwanda kokukwazi ukuhamba emadolobheni. Ngakho-ke akukhona nje ukubona futhi akukhona nje ukungcola, kodwa futhi kumayelana nesici semizi esinezinhlangothi ezimbili. Esinye ukuthi i-hippocampus ngokwayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ingxenye ngayinye yayo isabela ngendlela ehlukile ekuhambeni. Ngakho-ke ingxenye ephathelene nokulawulwa ngokomzwelo izuza kakhulu ekuhambeni okunamandla aphansi endaweni yemvelo evuselelayo.
Nakuba ukuhamba ngamandla aphezulu, isibonelo, kwandisa inani lezinye izingxenye ku-hippocampus ezibangela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ngakho-ke kuyathakazelisa ngempela ukuthi akukho sixazululo esisodwa, kodwa sidinga lokhu kuhlukahluka futhi sidinga lobu bunzima.
[00:15:25] Jackie De Burca: Manje ngizocela incazelo emfushane yokuthi ikuphi i-hippocampus nokuthi yenzani ngamagama alula.
[00:15:32] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo. Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni engaphandle yobuchopho, sine-frontal cortex, i-parietal cortex nokunye, kanye ne-occipital, i-temporal lobe. Ngakho-ke leyo yingxenye eyinhloko abantu abaningi abayibonayo lapho bebona isithombe sangempela sobuchopho. Kodwa ngaphakathi, engxenyeni ephakathi yesistimu ye-limbic, sine-hippocampus eyodwa ngakwesokudla nakwesobunxele. Inikezwe lelo gama ngoba ibukeka njenge-hippocampus ngempela.
Kunjalo-ke, njengoba noma iyiphi enye ingxenye yobuchopho bomuntu ishintsha ngobuningi bayo ngenxa yesimo sendawo kanye nendlela yokuphila.
[00:16:07] Jackie De Burca: Uzilinganisa kanjani izinto ezifana nokungabizi kwemvelo noma ubunzima bendawo?
[00:16:13] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo, okwamanje bengisebenza ngobunzima bendawo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngoba lokho kuhunyushwa kusuka kumamodeli egundane. Kodwa engikushicilele kakade mayelana nokungabizi kwemvelo kokusebenza ngokomzimba kumayelana nokuthi indawo ingazinikeza kahle kangakanani izikhala nezitebhisi zokuhamba, amathuba okugibela ibhayisikili, okuthi, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kwandisa izici zokukhula ebuchosheni bomuntu kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezile ezibalulekile ekukhuliseni i-neuroplasticity. Ngoba, uyazi, thina. Kulo modeli, ngilinganise ukungabizi kwemvelo kokusebenza ngokomzimba ngokusebenzisa i-Energy Cost, ikakhulukazi ngisebenzisa ama-metabolic equivalents. Isibonelo, uma uhamba ngamandla aphakathi kwezinyathelo eziyi-100 ngomzuzu, lokho kufana nomsebenzi womzimba ophakathi ongaphezu kwama-metabolic equivalents amathathu esimweni sakho sokuphumula, une-metabolic equivalence eyodwa kuphela kusuka kuma-metabolic equivalents angu-3.5 futhi uya phezulu. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okwandisa amazinga ezici zokukhula ebuchosheni esikhulume ngazo ekuqaleni, eziqala ukulawula i-neurogenesis ku-hippocampus, okusho ukuzalwa kwama-neurons amasha ebuchosheni. Kuye kwabonakala muva nje ukuthi le nqubo iyaqhubeka ngisho naseminyakeni yeshumi yokuphila komuntu. Ngakho-ke akufanele sikuthathe kalula lokhu. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi ukwanda kwalezo zici zokukhula kubalulekile ekwandiseni ivolumu yobuchopho. Kuhilelekile ekuqineni kwe-synaptic njalo njalo. Ngakho kuqala ngokubalwa kwezinyathelo, kodwa ukubalwa kwezinyathelo ngakunye kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwempendulo yobuchopho.
[00:17:50] Jackie De Burca: Kuyamangalisa. Kuyamangalisa uma ucabanga ngakho. Ngeke ngiphinde ngihambe ngendlela efanayo.
[00:17:53] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo, lokho kuhle. Ngendlela ehlukile.
[00:17:57] UJackie De Burca: Yebo, yilokho kanye lapho utshala njengaleyo mbewu yalokho okwenzekayo, uyazi, kuyathakazelisa ngempela. Ungasihambisa nje njenganoma yiliphi iphuzu lakho locwaningo kusuka design kulokho okutholile?
[00:18:08] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Bengilokhu ngisebenza ekuklameni ezinye izivivinyo, uma yilokho okubuzayo. Sihlala sibhekene nemikhawulo yezindlela emkhakheni wezakhiwo ngoba isakhula futhi isakhula. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola imvume yokuziphatha ngokuthatha amasampula egazi kubantu, isibonelo, uma wenza lolu cwaningo olubalulekile. Luhlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene, kodwa ludinga amaqembu amakhulu njalo njalo. Ngakho-ke sinemiklamo eminingi yokuhlolwa esisebenza kuyo, kodwa ukwenziwa kwayo kusathatha isikhathi ngenxa yaleyo mikhawulo.
[00:18:38] Jackie De Burca: Hmm, kulungile, lokho kuyaqondakala ngicabanga. Futhi lokhu kuwukucabanga nje njengoba sixoxa. Isimo esihle kungaba ukuba nobambiswano nabanye babakhi abangochwepheshe abaqhubekayo, isibonelo.
[00:18:50] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yeah, exactly. And I think that in the industry as well, well start seeing the importance of this. I know that some are already having their own departments and they have a priority of how their own designed environments are impacting the brain. So yeah, it is growing and people are taking seriously in industries. I can see that the translatability of science into the industry as well happening very soon. Even if we have the current evidence, not just purely theoretical, but theoretically supported by evidence from other animal models and other synthesized human based evidence, not just from walking, but maybe gardening. Gardening is proven to increase that growth factor in the brain. So if we prove that walking at that intensity or using steer that way is sufficient, then it is to a great extent proven and it is translatable into the practice right away.
[00:19:48] Jackie De Burca: Impela. Ngakho-ke ngombono wakho, ngocwaningo olwenzile, abantu abanjengobakhi bezakhiwo nabahleli kanye nabathuthukisi bangaqala kanjani ukusebenzisa izimiso zokusimama kwemizwa namuhla?
[00:19:58] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Yebo, kunezindlela eziningi ezingenziwa. Ngicabanga ukuthi okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu ukwandisa ukuhamba ngezinyawo kanye namathuba okuzivocavoca ngokukhululeka. Lokho kungokukhuthaza ama-stereo, isibonelo, ngoba. Ngoba ngibonile ukuthi izitebhisi bezilokhu zigcinelwe izimo eziphuthumayo kuphela futhi akuseyona inketho yokweqa izitebhisi bese ugibela ilifti. Sekuyinsakavukela.
Ngakho-ke yebo, ngicabanga ukuthi abaklami bezakhiwo bangaqala ukubheka ukwakheka kwesakhiwo ngendlela ehlukile ngoba ukusetshenziswa kokwakheka ngokwako kuthinta ubuchopho ngezindlela ezahlukene. Enye ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi womzimba, enye ngokusebenzisa amathuba okushintsha okuphakamisayo. Uma unendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuzwa ukwakheka okuyisicefe futhi okungasizi. Ngakho lokho kusehlangothini lokwakheka kokwakheka. Kodwa futhi ukwakheka kunezici eziningi futhi sinakho okubonakalayo futhi kuyingxenye yendawo yangaphakathi neyangaphandle. Ngakho-ke kuyinto encane futhi. Ngakho-ke yebo, singaletha ubunzima bendawo engxoxweni. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuklama izakhiwo, ukuba nezakhiwo zangaphandle ezinobunzima obukhulu bendawo, uyazi, kwakha ubunzima bendawo yonke yedolobha.
Ngakho ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele baqale ukunaka umthelela wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ngoba ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ekugcineni kuba umakhi kanye nobuchopho bethu ekuphenduleni kukho. Ngakho-ke lokho kungokwabakhi bezakhiwo kanye nabahleli basemadolobheni kanye nabaklami. Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele baqale ukukhuthaza, njengoba sishilo, ngokufanayo nabakhi bezakhiwo, izakhiwo ezingasiyisicefe, zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ubunzima bokwakheka kwezakhiwo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni bukhuthaza ukwanda kwenani le-hippocampal kanye namacala ancishisiwe esifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nokukhubazeka okuncane kokuqonda. Futhi nezihloko ezimbili ezibalulekile ukungcola komoya esivalweni sezihlahla, ubuningi, obaziyo, obuxhumana bodwa. Kodwa ukuba nendawo enokungcola okuncane futhi ecebile ngokuluhlaza ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile. Kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-neuroplasticity.
[00:22:07] Jackie De Burca: Ngisho ukuthi, konke kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Futhi, njengawe, umuntu oshintshe izindawo, ngingakuqonda lokho mhlawumbe ngokushesha kunabanye abantu abaye bahlala impilo yabo yonke endaweni efanayo.
Mohammed, ingabe zikhona izibonelo zezakhiwo noma izindawo zasemadolobheni ezivele zibonisa le mibono, noma ngabe ngandlela thile kungahlosiwe?
[00:22:26] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, bengilokhu ngingakhi ngamabomu isayensi yami kanye nethiyori ezifundweni ezithile zamacala ngoba ngifuna ukuqala ngenye indlela bese ngibona ukuthi izakhiwo ezahlukene noma izindawo zasemadolobheni ziyahlangabezana yini nobunzima bendawo obuzichaza bona noma ukukwazi kwemvelo ukwenza umsebenzi womzimba, isibonelo. Kodwa kukhona ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwezifundazwe ezahlukene, isibonelo, e-USA, ukuthi amanye amaphethini egridi yasemadolobheni afana kakhulu kunamanye. Ngokusekelwe ebufakazini esinabo njengamanje mayelana nobunzima bokuhlela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele kushintshe ukunaka kancane futhi kunxuse lawo madolobha nezifundazwe ezahlukene ukuthi ziphinde zibuke indlela yokubuyisela ukulahlekelwa kobunzima bendawo ekuhleleni kwazo.
[00:23:11] Jackie De Burca: Kulungile, ngakho-ke yiziphi izinguquko zenqubomgomo noma iziqondiso zokuhlela ongathanda ukuzibona zamukelwa ezingasekela izindawo ezinobungani nobuchopho?
[00:23:20] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Lokho kuyathakazelisa ngempela ngoba ngiyazi ukuthi izinqubomgomo eziningi sezivele zifaka izingxenye eziphathelene nempilo kanye nenhlalakahle, kodwa lokho kusekelwe ebufakazini obusekelwe emiphumeleni ebikwa mina kanye nezinto ezingalinganiswanga ngobuqotho. Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi ukushintsha lokho kancane ukuze uqale ukuchaza okudingekayo ngokusekelwe kwisayensi enzima yilokho okudingekayo ikakhulukazi enkambisweni yokuzinza. Ngoba lokho kungaba njalo. Ngicabanga ukuthi sekuvele kugxile ekuzinzeni, kodwa akukahlelwanga kahle.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ukuphinda ubuyekeze amagama asetshenziswa ukunaka kakhulu amaphuzu athile kanye nezigaba ezingase zinganakwa ngoba kugxilwa kakhulu ekuzinzeni komnotho noma ekuzinzeni komphakathi. Banikeza kuqala kakhulu.
[00:24:09] Jackie De Burca: Sure. I mean, just throwing out a term that some people will be familiar with because we’re going to look at the built environment in more depth now that we’ve introduced the actual concept. Biophilic design is obviously something that is kind of linked to your research in its own way, even though it’s not. It’s a separate body, if you like.
[00:24:25] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yeah, it’s not separate at all. And there is a piece I’m working on right now about biophilic design because it stands out a little bit as different, even different from green architecture. But biophilic architecture specifically is more inclusive and our brains are biophilic. So translating the current evidence we have about green environments is really important and vital so that we understand how biophilic architecture and biophilic interiors can in turn be promoters of newer sustainability. Because yeah, we are exposed to indoor environments more than outdoor environments. And this is an alert that we need to really pay attention to how we design indoor environments through the architecture and through the interior setting as well. So I see biophilia as trend, brain health and neurosustainability as well.
[00:25:18] Jackie De Burca: Kulungile, lokho kuphelele. Yileyo impendulo ephelele ngoba sizohlola ngokujulile esiqeshini sesibili salolu chungechunge oluncane endaweni eyakhiwe, ukuthi yini engalungile ngayo, yini engenziwa njalo njalo, njalo njalo. Ukhulume kahle ngalokho. Uma abalaleli, uMohammed, bengasusa umqondo owodwa kule ngxoxo, ubungathemba ukuthi lokho kungaba yini?
[00:25:35] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Lokho kungaba ukubuyela emvelweni. Yileyo ndlela yokuba nesimo esizinzile. Futhi senza lokhu ngokuhumusha isimo semvelo sibe yindawo yethu eyakhelwe kuyo. Ngakho lokho kungokwabakhi bezakhiwo nabahleli basemadolobheni kanye nawo wonke umuntu. Ngingaphakamisa ukuhamba, ukuhamba ngangokunokwenzeka. Shintsha inqubo yakho. Zonke lezo zinto ziyizinto ezisekela indlela yokuphila yokusimama kwakho.
[00:25:58] UJackie De Burca: Banjalo ngempela. Futhi ngisanda kukhumbuza isisho esivela kwesinye isivakashi muva nje futhi kwakuyinto efana nalokho, uyazi, lokho okwenzela imvelo, imvelo, imvelo ikuphindaphinda kayishumi. Into efana nalokho.
[00:26:10] UMohamed Hesham Khalil: Ah, lokho kuhambisana ngempela nalokho esikhuluma ngakho.
[00:26:14] Jackie De Burca: Lalela, kube yintokozo enkulu. Ngibheke phambili ezingxoxweni zethu zesikhathi esizayo. Mohammed, lesi isingeniso esimsulwa futhi sizohlola ngokujulile futhi sizame ukuthola izixazululo kanye nezinto okufanele sizithathe kubantu abasendaweni eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, abayizithameli zethu eziyinhloko, kodwa ngisho nalabo abangekho.
[00:26:27] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Ngiyabonga Jackie.
[00:26:28] UJackie De Burca: Ngiyabonga kakhulu.
[00:26:29] UMark: Sithemba ukuthi ukujabulele ukulalela lokhu njengoba nathi sikujabulele ukukwenza.
Uma unamaphrojekthi noma ulwazi oluhlobene nalesi sihloko noma indawo yokuzinza endaweni eyakhiwe ngokujwayelekile, ungase ufanelekele ukufakwa ku-Constructive Voices Global Directory entsha.
Qiniseka ukuthi uthumela i-imeyili ku-findonstructive-voices.com ngemisho embalwa mayelana nenkampani yakho ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngalokhu.
[00:26:54] Izwi elizwakalayo: Lawa ngamazwi akhuthazayo.
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