Ukwakha Kabusha Ngaphansi Kwengcindezi: Kusukela Emibonweni Kuya Ekusetshenzisweni Ekwakhiweni Kabusha Kwe-Ukraine

I-S3RoU (Ukwakhiwa Kabusha Okuphephile, Okusheshayo, Nokuqhubekayo kwe-Ukraine) ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okuxhaswe yi-UK FCDO okuhlanganisa abacwaningi, ochwepheshe kanye nabalingani bemboni abavela e-Ukraine, i UK kanye neNetherlands. 

Towards the end of 2025, we released a deep dive podcast episode, “Ukwakha Kabusha i-Ukraine Ngokuphephile, Ngokusimeme, Futhi Ngokushesha"Lapho sihlole khona umbuzo oyinhloko: ukwakhiwa kabusha okuphelele kubonakala kanjani empeleni?" 

Ungalalela i-podcast engezansi noma kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-podcast oluthandayo.

NgoMashi, le mibuzo yadluliselwa phambili engqungqutheleni ye-S3RoU, eyayibanjwe mhla ziyi-19-20 kuNdasa eSheffield naseLviv.

Bringing together researchers from diverse backgrounds, practitioners and stakeholders across Ukraine’s recovery and the wider built environment sector, the conference provided a space to test these ideas against real-world conditions.

In the weeks following the conference, these insights remain highly relevant. Continued strikes across Ukraine have reinforced the extent to which rebuilding is taking place alongside ongoing disruption, affecting not only critical infrastructure but also culturally significant areas. This ongoing volatility highlights the need for approaches that are not only technically sound but also adaptable to rapidly changing conditions.

Ingqungquthela ye-S3RoU ka-2026

""Kubalulekile hhayi nje ukuqhubeka nocwaningo, kodwa futhi nokugxila ekuthuthukiseni amazinga kanye nokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi okuhlola nawokubonisa. I-Ukraine ibhekene nezinselele eziningi, futhi kungokuhlola okusebenzayo lapho singaqinisekisa khona ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalezi zixazululo." - Oleksii Hunyak (Lviv Polytechnic National University)

Iphrojekthi ye-S3RoU inikeza indlela eyodwa yokuxazulula le nselele ngokoqobo, ikakhulukazi igxile ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwekhonkrithi ephuma emfucumfucwini eyadalwa yimpi, ngenhloso yokuyiguqula ibe izinto zokwakha ezisebenzisekayo. Lena akuyona inqubo elula yokuvuselela.

Izinto kumele zihlolwe, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezifana ne-asbestos, ngaphambi kokuba zihlukaniswe, zihlonzwe futhi zihlolwe ukuze zisetshenziswe kabusha ekwakheni okusha. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ukwakha kabusha kunikeza nethuba lokubhekana nezinkinga zokuphepha zesikhathi eside ezikhona, okuhlanganisa nokususwa kwezinto eziyingozi.

Ithimba lephrojekthi lase-Ukraine endaweni yomhlangano

Ngaphezu kwezinselele zokucubungula izinto nokuphepha, ubukhulu bokubhujiswa buchaza ubukhulu bomsebenzi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kukhiqizwa amathani angaphezu kwezigidigidi zemfucuza yokwakha nokubhidliza e-Ukraine ngenxa yokuhlasela okugcwele, okugcizelela ubukhulu benkinga kanye nobukhulu bokubhujiswa kanye nesidingo sokwakha kabusha.

Ukuphatha, ukucubungula nokusebenzisa kabusha lezi zinto kubalulekile ekwakheni kabusha, hhayi nje kuphela esimweni sempi e-Ukraine, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo ezibunjwe yizingxabano nenhlekelele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa imingcele yemvelo nezinto ezihambisana nokwakhiwa okuvamile, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwesimende kudinga kakhulu ikhabhoni futhi kuncike ekutholakaleni kwezinsiza.

Izingxoxo zangoMashi nazo zacacisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha akunakuqondwa ngezinto zokwakha zodwa.

Bahlanganisa ukwakhiwa okusimeme, infrastructure rehabilitation, urban planning and regulatory frameworks, highlighting the breadth of challenges involved. Alongside this, the project showcased a range of technical innovations and approaches, from improved waste characterisation to material recovery processes, pointing not only to immediate applications within Ukraine, but also to wider opportunities for adoption in other settings shaped by conflict, disaster or resource constraints.

Ithimba lephrojekthi ye-S3RoU e-UK eSheffield

Esikhundleni sokuphatha lezi njengezinselele ezihlukene, kwavela umyalezo ocacile: ukwakha kabusha kudinga indlela ehlelekile, lapho ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuhambisana nezinguquko endleleni ukwakhiwa okuhlelwe ngayo, okulethwa ngayo futhi okulawulwa ngayo. Ngale ndlela, ukwakha kabusha kudala ushintsho olujwayelekile lapho umgomo ungekho nje kuphela ngokushintsha lokho okulahlekile, kodwa mayelana nokucabanga kabusha ngendlela indawo eyakhiwe esebenza ngayo. Kodwa lolu shintsho lwenzeka ngaphansi kwemingcele, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokungqubuzana, izinto zokwakha ziyantuleka, izintambo zokuhlinzeka ziyaphazamiseka, kanye nezikhathi ezibekiwe ezicindezelwe, okudala ukungezwani okuyisisekelo phakathi kokuzinza kwesikhathi eside kanye nesidingo esisheshayo.

Esinye isici esibalulekile sokwakhiwa kabusha siphathelene nokuthi yini ekwakhiwa kabusha nokuthi kungani. Lokhu kuye kwagxila kakhulu ngomonakalo oqhubekayo ezindaweni ezibalulekile ngokwesiko.

Isibonelo, ukuhlasela kwe-drone yaseRussia esikhungweni somlando saseLviv ngomhlaka-24 Mashi, kwalimaza izakhiwo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ne- Indlu yezindela yekhulu le-17 evikelwe yi-UNESCOIzigameko ezinjalo ziqokomisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha akugcini nje ngokuvuselela ingqalasizinda, kodwa futhi nokulondoloza ifa lamasiko ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo.

Participants also pointed to structural barriers that continue to limit implementation. As Leon Omnyama (iYunivesithi yaseLeeds) ichaze:

"Kunezithiyo eziningi zokufinyelela ukujikeleza, okuhlanganisa ukuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo, ukuthuthukisa imfundo, kanye nokwethula amazinga aguquguqukayo. Ezezimali kanye nomshuwalense kusalokhu kuyizithiyo ezifihliwe, njengoba ababhali abaningi bezimali abakulungele ukusekela ukwakhiwa okungajwayelekile."

Kulesi simo, ukubambisana kuba yinto ebalulekile, hhayi ngaphakathi kwe-Ukraine uqobo, kodwa nakumanethiwekhi omhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa abacwaningi kanye nochwepheshe abafaka isandla abavela emazweni angaphandle. Njengoba kuqokonyiswe ngu Nataliya Lushnikova (Eindhoven University of Technology):

“We need not only more pilot projects, but also better interaction between them and collaboration with all stakeholders: government, local communities, industry, investors. Collaboration rather than competition will allow us to make better use of existing knowledge and experience for sustainable and safe reconstruction of Ukraine.”

Ekugcineni, okwavela eSheffield naseLviv ushintsho endleleni yokwakha kabusha okuqondwa ngayo, ingxenye yokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha kanye nezinqubo eziyindilinga kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zingasetshenziswa lapho zidingeka khona futhi nini.

Ukwakha kabusha akuyona inqubo eqondile. Kwenzeka kanye nokuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo, kudinga izindlela ezingasebenza ngaphansi kokungaqiniseki, zivumelane namaqiniso ashintshayo, futhi zilinganisele izinto eziza kuqala kwezobuchwepheshe, ezingokoqobo kanye nezenhlalo ngesikhathi sangempela.