Ukuhlola Umlando Wesakhiwo Esikuhlaza E-Austria
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukubaluleka of esimeme bokwakha futhi ukwakhiwa eco-friendly imikhuba ithole ukuqashelwa okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bangase bangazi ukuthi i-Austria inomlando omude we imikhuba yokwakha eluhlaza futhi uthathwa njengephayona ku ukwakhiwa okusimeme. Ake sihlolisise umlando we isakhiwo esiluhlaza e-Austria kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe amandla avuselelweko ekwakheni design futhi ukwakhiwa.
Umlando Wesakhiwo Esikuhlaza E-Austria Izinyathelo Ezibalulekile Ezithathwayo
- I-Austria inomlando omude we green imikhuba yokwakha futhi uyingqalabutho ekwakheni okusimeme.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo nokwakhiwa kuyisici esibalulekile sesakhiwo esiluhlaza e-Austria.
- Ukubaluleka koku izakhiwo ezisimeme futhi ukwakhiwa eco-friendly imikhuba ithole ukuqashelwa okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Iziqalo Zakuqala kanye Nezimiso Zomklamo Esimeme
Imikhuba yokwakha eluhlaza futhi ukuklama okusimeme Izimiso zinomlando omude e-Austria. Ukuzinikela kwezwe ku ukwakhiwa kwemvelo ihlehlela emuva ngeminyaka yawo-1970 nawo-1980, lapho abaklami bezakhiwo nabaklami beqala ukuhlola ezinye izinto zokwakha kanye namasu okwakha amasha.
Enye yezingxenye ezibalulekile ze izinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme e-Austria ukusetshenziswa kwe izinto ezisimeme. Lokhu kubandakanya ukufaka izinto ezifana nokhuni olugaywe kabusha, uqalo, namabhala wotshani ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo nokwakhiwa.
Ukusebenza kwamandla kuphinde kugxilwe kakhulu ezinkambisweni zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Austria. Abadwebi bezakhiwo nabaklami babeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokwakha ezonga amandla, kusukela Ukugxila ukungena komoya, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla of izakhiwo ngenkathi ugcina ukhululekile endlini imvelo.
Izibonelo eziphawulekayo zamaphrojekthi wokwakha aluhlaza e-Austria ahlanganisa iSolar imizwa eLinz, eyaqedwa maphakathi nawo-1990. Lokhu izici ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa kwezindlu izimiso zokuklama esimeme njengamasistimu wokushisisa kanye nokupholisa, ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, kanye nemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo njenge amaphaneli elanga.
Sekukonke, ukuqala kwasekuqaleni kwesakhiwo esiluhlaza e-Austria kwabeka isisekelo sezimiso zokuklama esimeme esasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Ukusetshenziswa kwe izinto ezisimeme futhi izakhiwo ezonga ugesi ukuqhubeka nokuba nomthelela ekuzibopheleleni kwezwe emikhubeni yokwakha ehambisana nemvelo.
Izinyathelo Zikahulumeni kanye Namazinga Omklamo Wendawo
Izitayela zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Austria zakhiwe yizinhlelo zikahulumeni zokuthuthukisa ukusimama kwemvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-Austria isebenzise ngokuqinile umklamo wemvelo amazinga neziqondiso ezibe nomthelela omuhle ku imboni yezokwakha.
Olunye lwezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezibalulekile “Uhlelo Lokwakha Oluluhlaza,” okuhloswe ngayo ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe izinto zokwakha ezisimeme kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezakhiwo. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngezibonelelo zezimali kubanikazi bezakhiwo kanye developers abahlanganisa izindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza kumaphrojekthi abo.
Olunye uhlelo olubalulekile “I-Energy Efficiency Act,” esibeka izimfuneko ezincane zokusebenza kwamandla ezakhiweni futhi sikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Umthetho futhi udinga ukuthi abanikazi bezakhiwo badalule amandla ezakhiwo zabo lapho bewathengisa noma bewaqashisa.
Lezi zinhlelo ziholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu ekwamukelweni kwezinqubo zokuklama ezisimeme nezingangeni imvelo. Namuhla, izakhiwo eziningi ezintsha e-Austria ziklanywe ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi ukusimama engqondweni, okuhlanganisa izici ezifana nokushisisa nokupholisa okwenziwayo, izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezisebenza kahle, kanye ophahleni oluhlaza.
Ukugxila kukahulumeni ekusimamiseni imvelo nakho sekuholele ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha bokwakha nezinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, abacwaningi e-Vienna University of Technology baye benza uhlobo lukakhonkolo olwenziwa ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha futhi luzinzile kunokhonkolo lwendabuko.
Kafushane, imizamo kahulumeni kanye umklamo wemvelo izindinganiso ziye zadlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni izitayela zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Austria. Le mizamo iholele ekwamukelweni okusabalele kwezinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha nezinto ezikhuthaza ukusimama kwemvelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezamandla Avuselelekayo kanye Nokusungula
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zesakhiwo esiluhlaza e-Austria ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo nokwakhiwa. Izwe liyikhaya kwezinye zezinto ezintsha kakhulu futhi amasu okwakha esimeme e-Austria.
Isibonelo, i I-BioHaus eVienna igqama njengesibonelo esihle kakhulu sesakhiwo esibukisayo ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme. Lesi sakhiwo esilungele imvelo sincike ekwakhiweni kwelanga okungenzi lutho, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngenkathi kukhulisa ukukhanya kwemvelo nokushisa. Uphahla lwesakhiwo lunamaphaneli e-photovoltaic akhiqiza ugesi, kuyilapho izindonga zifakwe i-cellulose, into eqhubekayo eyenziwe ephephandabeni eligaywe kabusha.
I-Austria futhi iyikhaya lobunye ubuchwepheshe bokwakha obuzinzile, njengohlelo lophahla oluluhlaza. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa ukumboza uphahla ngohlaza, olungagcini nje ngokunikeza ukwahlukanisa nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kodwa futhi oluthuthukisayo. ikhwalithi yomoya futhi kunciphisa isiqhingi sokushisa emadolobheni umphumela. Uhlelo lophahla oluluhlaza luhlanganiswe ngempumelelo ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene e-Austria, kuhlanganise ne-University of Graz Library kanye nendlunkulu ye-Bank Austria.
Eminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo emisha ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokushisisa nokupholisa ukushisa komhlaba, ezisebenzisa izinga lokushisa lemvelo lomhlaba ukuze zilawule izinga lokushisa lezakhiwo. Uhulumeni wobumbano wase-Austria ube nesandla esikhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo. Ngokwethulwa kwezikhuthazi ezehlukene ezifana nezibonelelo kanye nekhefu lentela, uhulumeni ukhuthaze abakhi ukuthi bafake izinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme emiklamo yabo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo nokwakha kuwubufakazi bokuzibophezela kwe-Austria ukuthuthuka okungashabalali. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okwakha amasha nasimeme, izwe lihamba phambili emkhankasweni wokwakha oluhlaza emhlabeni wonke.
Landmark Green Building Projects
Eminyakeni edlule, i-Austria ibone izibonelo ezithile eziphawulekayo ze izakhiwo ezisimeme kanye nezinqubo zokwakha eziluhlaza, ezibeka indinganiso entsha yokwakhiwa okuhambisana nemvelo. Enye iphrojekthi enjalo eyingqopha-mlando yi- Indlu Yomculo e-Vienna, eklanywe nguFrank Gehry, ene-facade eyingqayizivele eyenziwe ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha futhi ehlanganisa amaphaneli elanga okukhiqiza amandla.
Enye iphrojekthi yokwakha eluhlaza ephawulekayo e-Austria yi Wohnhaus eGraz, eklanywe nguRiegler Riewe Architects. Isakhiwo sinophahla oluluhlaza, uhlelo olusha lokungenisa umoya, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe izinto ezisimeme njengokhuni nengilazi.
| Project | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-House of Music, eVienna | I-facade eyingqayizivele eyenziwe ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha futhi ehlanganisa amaphaneli elanga |
| Wohnhaus, Graz | Uphahla oluluhlaza, uhlelo olusha lokungenisa umoya, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisimeme njengokhuni nengilazi |
Lawa maphrojekthi akhombisa ukuguquguquka kanye namandla ezakhiwo ezisimeme, okufakazela lokho ukwakhiwa eco-friendly Izenzo zingakhanga ngobuhle futhi zibe nezintsha. Basize futhi ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwezinqubo zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Austria, bakhuthaza intuthuko emisha kanye nezinqubo ezintsha kulo mkhakha.
Imfundo Nokuqeqeshwa Kwesakhiwo Esizinzile
Ezemfundo kanye ukuqeqeshwa zibalulekile ekuphromothweni imikhuba yokwakha eluhlaza futhi amasu okwakha esimeme e-Austria. Njengoba kunesidingo esikhulayo sokwakhiwa okuhambisana nemvelo, kubalulekile ukuthi ochwepheshe bezokwakha bahlonyiswe ngolwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze bahlangabezane nalezi zidingo.
I-Austrian Institute for Sustainable Building ihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokuqeqesha nezemfundo zochwepheshe bezokwakha, abadwebi bezakhiwo, kanye nabadwebi bezakhiwo. onjiniyela. Izinhlelo zihlanganisa izihloko ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesakhiwo sokwakha esonga amandla, izinto ezisimeme, nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva nobuchwepheshe bezinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wase-Austria wethule izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhasa ngezimali ukusekela imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kokwakha okusimeme. I-Austrian Climate and Energy Fund inikezela ngoxhaso lwezezimali lwezinhlelo zemfundo nokuqeqesha ezigxile ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esonga amandla kanye izinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme.
The ukuqaliswa of amasu okwakha esimeme e-Austria kudinga umzamo wokubambisana kubabambiqhaza abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ochwepheshe bezokwakha, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, nezikhungo zemfundo. Ngokuhlinzeka ngamathuba emfundo nokuqeqeshwa, i-Austria ithatha isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme nezihambisana nemvelo.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, i-Austria inomlando ocebile wesakhiwo esiluhlaza esithatha amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwagxila ezimisweni zokuklama esimeme kanye izakhiwo ezonga ugesi kumaphrojekthi ayingqopha-mlando akhombisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe amandla avuselelekayo ekwakheni ukuklama nokwakhiwa, izwe libe neqhaza elibalulekile embonini yokwakha eluhlaza.
Uhulumeni ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhuthazeni izindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza, ukuthuthukisa umklamo wemvelo amazinga nemithethonqubo egcizelela ukuklama okusimeme nokunobungani kwemvelo. Lokhu kugxila ekuzinzeni kuholele enkambisweni ekhulayo yezinqubo zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Austria, okugcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisimeme kanye namasu okwakha okuzinzile nobuchwepheshe.
Ukubaluleka Kwemfundo Nokuqeqeshwa
Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni izinqubo zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Austria. Imizamo nezinhlelo eziningana zihlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe embonini yezokwakha, egxile kumasu okwakha esimeme. Lokhu kusiza ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokwakha ezinobungani bemvelo, izinto zokwakha ezisimeme, kanye ubuchwepheshe obusha ukufeza amaphrojekthi akonga ugesi kanye nemvelo.
Sengiphetha, inhlangano yase-Austria yokwakha eluhlaza kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula, ngemizamo eqhubekayo yokukhuthaza izinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme kanye nokunciphisa. umthelela wezemvelo. Imizamo enjalo izoqhubeka nokubumba ikusasa lemboni yezokwakha e-Austria, iyenze ibe umholi womhlaba wonke emisebenzini yokwakha eluhlaza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo: Kuyini ukwakha okuluhlaza?
IMP: Isakhiwo esiluhlaza sisho umkhuba wokwakha izakhiwo ngendlela ebhekele imvelo neyonga izinsiza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izinto ezisimeme, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye ukuhlanganisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.
Umbuzo: Kungani kubalulekile ukwakha oluhlaza?
IMPENDULO: Isakhiwo esiluhlaza sibalulekile ngoba sisiza ukunciphisa umthelela omubi wokwakha endaweni ezungezile. Ikhuthaza ukonga kwamandla, inciphisa ukumosha, futhi yonga okumbiwayo kwendalo. Ukwengeza, izakhiwo eziluhlaza hlinzeka ngezindawo ezinempilo nezinethezekile kubahlali.
Umbuzo: Yiziphi ezinye zezibonelo zezinto zokwakha ezisimeme?
A: Ezinye izibonelo zezinto zokwakha ezisimeme zihlanganisa uqalo, ukhuni olubuyisiwe, ukhonkolo owenziwe kabusha, nopende ophansi we-VOC. Lezi zinto ziyakwazi ukuvuselelwa, ziqinile, futhi zinendawo ephansi yemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokwakha zendabuko.
Umbuzo: Isakhiwo esiluhlaza sinomthelela kanjani ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla?
IMP: Isakhiwo esiluhlaza sihlanganisa izimiso zokuklama ezonga amandla, ezifana nokufaka ugesi okufanele, izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezonga amandla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamaphaneli elanga. Lezi zinyathelo zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi i-greenhouse gas emissions.
Q: Ingabe zikhona izitifiketi noma izindinganiso zezakhiwo eziluhlaza?
IMPENDULO: Yebo, kunezitifiketi namazinga amaningana ezakhiwo eziluhlaza, njenge-LEED (Ubuholi Kwezamandla Nokuklanywa Kwemvelo) kanye ne-BREEAM (Indlela Yokuhlola Ukwakhiwa Kocwaningo Lokusungulwa Kwemvelo). Lezi zitifiketi zihlola ukusebenza kokusimama kwezakhiwo ngokusekelwe kumibandela eyahlukene.
Umbuzo: Ngingenza kanjani ukuthi isakhiwo sami esikhona sisimame?
IMP: Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza isakhiwo esikhona sisimame. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwenza ngcono ukwahlukanisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ukuze kube ama-LED awonga amandla, ukufakwa kwamanzi ageleza kancane, kanye nokwenza ucwaningo lwamandla ukuze kuhlonzwe izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe.
Q: Yiziphi izinzuzo zesakhiwo esiluhlaza kubahlali?
IMP: Izakhiwo eziluhlaza zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi kubahlali, okuhlanganisa nezithuthukisiwe ikhwalithi yomoya yangaphakathi, ukukhanya kwemvelo okwandisiwe, nokulawula izinga lokushisa okungcono. Lezi zici zifaka isandla endaweni yokuhlala enempilo nenethezekile noma yokusebenza.
Umbuzo: Isakhiwo esiluhlaza sinomthelela kanjani ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni?
A: Isakhiwo esiluhlaza siyanciphisa ukuphuma kwekhabhoni ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokonga ugesi, ukuhlanganisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokuphromotha ezokuthutha ezisimeme ongakhetha kukho. Ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokuthembela kukho amafutha ashisayo, izakhiwo eziluhlaza zisiza ukulwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Umbuzo: Ingabe zikhona izinxephezelo zezezimali zamaphrojekthi okwakha aluhlaza?
IMP: Yebo, ohulumeni abaningi nezinhlangano banikela ngezinxephezelo zezezimali kumaphrojekthi wokwakha aluhlaza. Lezi zinzuzo zingabandakanya amakhredithi entela, izibonelelo, kanye nemalimboleko enenzalo ephansi. Ukwengeza, izakhiwo eziluhlaza ngokuvamile zinezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nenani eliphezulu lokudayiswa kabusha, ezihlinzeka ngezinzuzo zezezimali zesikhathi eside.
Ungase uthande isici sesingeniso mayelana I-Green Building e-Austria.
