Iqhaza Lezindlu Eziluhlaza Ekuthuthukiseni Imvelo Ehlukahlukene Yasemadolobheni
By 2050, 90% of us will live in cities. This shows a big risk to the world’s plants and animals. Yet, cities can also be safe homes for many types of life, including some in danger of disappearing. Scientists are working hard to figure out how we can help wildlife in cities where there isn’t much space.
With more buildings and more people, cities need to use space wisely. This is where green roofs and walls come in. They let nature thrive in the city. For example, green roofs welcome lots of insects while becoming homes for birds too. This good news has led to many studies to understand just how useful green roofs are for wildlife.
Ukuqonda ukuthi uphahla oluluhlaza lusiza kanjani izilwane zasendle zasedolobheni kubalulekile. Kudingeka sazi okwengeziwe ngokuthi kungani ziyilungele imvelo. Ngokufunda lokhu, singathola izindlela ezintsha zokwakha amadolobha. Lezi zindlela zizosiza abantu kanye neplanethi ukuthi bahlale ndawonye.
Ukuthatha okubalulekile:
- Ukuya emadolobheni kubangela usongo olukhulayo emhlabeni wonke izinto eziphilayo, but urban ecosystems can also serve as important refuges for diverse species assemblages.
- Green infrastructure, such as green roofs, are becoming increasingly valued as a means of reconciling the needs of both people and nature in densely populated areas.
- Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi uphahla oluluhlaza lunikeza indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindawo zokuzalela izinyoni zasogwini nezizihambelayo.
- Quantifying the biodiversity benefits of green roofs compared to conventional roofs is crucial for understanding their conservation value.
- Ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda okuphelele kokuthi uphahla oluluhlaza lusekela kanjani izinhlobo zasemadolobheni kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo yasemadolobheni.
Ukwandiswa Kwedolobha Nezinsongo Zezinto Ezinhlobonhlobo
Ukuya emadolobheni kubhebhetheka ngokushesha futhi kusongela izinto eziphilayo [1]. Kodwa, izifundo eziningi zibheka ukuthi zingavikelwa kanjani izinto eziphilayo kulezi zindawo zasemadolobheni [2]. Imvelo yasemadolobheni ingasiza, isebenze njenge zokukhosela ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, kuhlanganise nalezo ezisengozini [3]. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo kulaba izindawo eziluhlaza inombolo, ikhwalithi, nokuthi zixhumeke kahle kangakanani [5].
Ukufudukela Emadolobheni Okusheshayo Okubeka Usongo Ezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo
Ngokuningi abantu futhi izakhiwo, isidingo sesikhala siyakhula. Lokhu kwenza izixazululo eziluhlaza like ophahleni oluhlaza futhi izindonga eziluhlaza okubaluleke kakhulu [6].
Izindawo Eziluhlaza Njengeziphephelo Zezinto Ezinhlobonhlobo
Izindawo eziluhlaza zasemadolobheni play a big role in keeping our environment diverse [6]. It’s critical to create and protect such spaces to help izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni.
Izindawo eziluhlaza zasemadolobheni zibalulekile ku ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo emadolobheni [6]. Ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwabo kubalulekile ekusekeleni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni.
Umncintiswano Wendawo Nengqalasizinda Eluhlaza
Okuningi abantu futhi izakhiwo sikhule, sidinga kakhulu isikhala. Kungakho izixazululo eziluhlaza ziyabaluleka, zinikeza izindlela ezihlakaniphile zokwengeza uhlaza [6].
Isingeniso se-Green Roofs
Uphahla oluluhlaza luwuphahla olunezitshalo phezu kwalo. Ngezansi kwezitshalo kunezingqimba ezigcina isakhiwo somile. Basiza izindawo zamadolobha ngokwenza amakhaya ezilwane zasendle nezindawo ezinhle eziluhlaza.
Incazelo kanye Nezingxenye Zophahla Oluluhlaza
Green roofs have four main parts: a special layer to keep water out, a place for water to go, a light soil to grow plants, and tough plants. These roofs are like nature islands in the city. They help animals, use less energy, and fight climate change.
Izinzuzo Zophahla Oluluhlaza
Uphahla oluluhlaza lubukeka luhle, yebo. Kodwa, benza okuningi kakhulu. Zibamba amanzi emvula, zenza izakhiwo zisebenzise amandla amancane, futhi zipholise umoya. Kungaba ngisho amakhaya ezilwane. Ukusebenzisa uphahla oluluhlaza kusiza ukugcina amadolobha aluhlaza futhi kuhle emhlabeni.
Ama-Green Roofs kanye ne-Urban Biodiversity
Uphahla oluluhlaza lungaba izindlu zezinambuzane nezinyoni eziningi. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi lezi zikhala eziluhlaza zisiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane ukuthi zihlale lapho [16]. Futhi zinikeza indawo yezinyoni zasogwini nezasemanzini ukuze zidleke [17]. Ezinye izitshalo zikhula ngokwazo kulezi zindlu, cishe zithwalwa yizinyoni noma umoya [18,19].
Ubufakazi Obuqaphayo Bezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo Eziphahleni Eziluhlaza
Izifundo ezehlukene zithole ukuphila okuningi ophahleni oluluhlaza. Abacwaningi bahlola ukuthi zingaki nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala lapho. Baqhathanisa uphahla oluluhlaza noluvamile ukuze babone ukuthi basiza kanjani izinto eziphilayo edolobheni [Y].
Ukulinganisa Izinzuzo Zezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo Zophahla Oluluhlaza
Imiphumela yophahla oluluhlaza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo isacutshungulwa. Kunzima ukuwaqhathanisa namanye amaphahla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iminyaka, design, futhi indawo ezungeze uphahla oluluhlaza kuthinta lokho okuhlala lapho. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokusisiza ukuthi siqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi uphahla oluluhlaza lungasiza kanjani ukulondoloza imvelo edolobheni.
| Uhlobo Lophahla | Izinhlobo Zezinyoni | Izinhlobo ze-Gastropod | Izinhlobo ze-Arthropod |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uphahla Oluluhlaza | 4 | 2 | 26 |
| Uphahla Oluvamile | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Ithebula libonisa ukuthi uphahla oluluhlaza luheha izinhlobo eziningi kunophahla oluvamile. Lokhu kwenzeke eBarangaroo, eSydney. Ifakazela amandla ophahla oluluhlaza ezilwaneni zasendle ezihlukene futhi iyasiza imvelo yasemadolobheni futhi ukubuyisela izindawo zokuhlala emadolobheni.
Uphahla Oluluhlaza Ekukhuthazeni Izinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphila Emadolobheni
Ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani ophahleni oluhlaza ukusiza izidalwa zedolobha kubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi sazi ukuthi singathuthukisa kanjani izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni. Lokhu kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi manje, njengoba sifunda ukubaluleka kwangempela kwalezi zindawo zokulondoloza imvelo [7]. Uphahla oluluhlaza zinkulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinambuzane [16] futhi zinikeza amakhaya ezinyoni zasemanzini [17]. Ngisho nezitshalo ezazingekho ekuqaleni zingakhula. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinyoni nomoya oletha imbewu [18,19]. Izifundo eziningi zizamile ukukhombisa ukuthi kuhle kangakanani ophahleni oluhlaza kungenxa izinto eziphilayo. Baziqhathanisa nophahla oluvamile kodwa ukuthola uphahla olufanayo kunzima, okwenza ubufakazi bungacaci (Ithebula 1).
| isici | Uphahla Oluluhlaza | Uphahla Oluvamile |
|---|---|---|
| Ukunotha Kwezilwane | Izinhlobo ezingama-32 | Izinhlobo ezingama-4 |
| Ukuhlinzekwa Kwendawo yokuhlala | Izinambuzane, izinyoni, izitshalo | Limited |
| Izinzuzo Zemvelo | Ukugcinwa kwamanzi emvula, ukupholisa kwedolobha, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ukunciphisa | Okuncane |
I-Case Study: I-Biosolar Roof vs. I-Conventional Roof
A study was done to see the impact of uphahla oluhlaza phezu izilwane zasendle edolobheni. It compared two roofs in Barangaroo, Central Sydney. With an annual rainfall of 1309 mm, this area is great for looking into the green benefits of architecture on our cities.
Isizinda Sokufunda kanye Nomklamo Wokuhlola
Kwakunezindlu ezimbili okufanele zibhekwe: a uphahla oluhlaza kusukela ngo-2019 kanye nejwayelekile kusukela ngo-2016. Bobabili bebesemabhilidini e-Barangaroo (–33.86479674708204, 151.20218101793557). Umehluko omkhulu kuphela ukuthi uphahla oluluhlaza lwalunezitshalo. Lo mehluko olula usize iqembu ukuthi lihlole ukuthi ingakanani imvelo ehlukahlukene abangayibuyisa.
Izindlela Zokuhlola Izinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo
Ukukala umthelela wophahla oluluhlaza, ithimba lenze izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlola. Babala izinyoni, iminenke, ama-slugs, izinambuzane nezicabucabu kuzo zombili uphahla. Lokhu kulandelelwa bekubalulekile ukubona ukuthi lolu phahla luthinta kanjani isimo sezulu kanye nemvelo.
Okutholakele: Ukunotha Kwezinhlobo Eziphakeme Ku-Green Roof
Uphahla oluluhlaza lwabona izilwane zasendle ezengeziwe. Yayinezinyoni eziningi, iminenke, ama-slugs, nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene kunophahla oluvamile. Ngokwesibonelo, kwakuyikhaya lezinyoni ezine, iminenke emibili nezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingu-26. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, olunye uphahla lwalunezidalwa ezimbalwa. Yayinohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwezinyoni, ingenaminenke, nezinhlobo ezintathu zezinambuzane (Fig. 2C, Supplementary Fig. 1).
Uphahla Oluluhlaza Njengeziphephelo Zemvelo
Izindawo eziluhlaza zasemadolobheni ziyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa izilwane zasendle emadolobheni ethu. Ngokusebenzisa amasu ophahla oluhlaza, singasiza imvelo ukuthi iphumelele ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Nokho, umthelela we uphahla oluluhlaza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni namanje akuqinisekile [7].
Ukubaluleka Kwezindawo Eziluhlaza Ezisemadolobheni
Uphahla oluluhlaza lunikeza amakhaya ezinambuzane eziningi futhi lusebenza njenge izindawo zokuzalela izinyoni ezithile. Futhi, izitshalo seziqalile ukukhula kulolu phahla ngokusabalalisa kwemvelo [18,19]. Zinhle kanjani lezi izindawo eziluhlaza zisekela ukuphila kuncike kusayizi wazo, ikhwalithi, nokuthi zonke zixhumeke kanjani [5].
Ubufakazi Bezindlu Eziluhlaza Ezisekela Imvelo Ehlukahlukene
Ocwaningweni, sikutholile lokho uphahla oluhlaza ukuheha ukuphila okwengeziwe kunophahla oluvamile. Lokhu kufakazela lokho uphahla oluhlaza kubalulekile izilwane zasendle edolobheni. Amaphrojekthi amaningi ocwaningo azame ukuqhathanisa uphahla oluluhlaza noluvamile. Bakuthola kunzima ukuwafanisa, okwenza imiphumela ingacaci (Ithebula 1).
| Uhlobo Lophahla | Izinhlobo Zezinyoni | Izinhlobo ze-Gastropod | Izinhlobo ze-Arthropod |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uphahla Oluluhlaza | 4 | 2 | 26 |
| Uphahla Oluvamile | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Ukuqonda ngempela ukuthi kanjani uphahla oluhlaza ukusiza izinhlobo zedolobha, sidinga isithombe esigcwele. Lokhu kuzosiqondisa ukuthi singawenza kanjani amadolobha ethu anothe ngokwemvelo. Kubalulekile njengoba sisebenzela ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwezindawo eziluhlaza zokuvikela izilwane zasendle [7].
Uphahla Oluluhlaza Ekukhuthazeni Izinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphila Emadolobheni
Amasu ophahla oluluhlaza kungaba kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni amadolobha abe luhlaza. Banikeza izinambuzane indawo yokuhlala [16] futhi banikeze izindawo zokuzalela ezinyonini [17]. Kwesinye isikhathi, izitshalo ziqala ukukhula ophahleni oluluhlaza zodwa, zithwalwe yizinyoni noma umoya [18,19]. Imisebenzi eminingi yocwaningo iye yazama ukuthola ukuthi kungakanani ukuphila okuchumayo ophahleni oluluhlaza kunophahla oluvamile. Nokho, kungase kube nzima ukuqhathanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zophahla ngokulinganayo [Ithebula 1].
| I-Metric | Uphahla Oluluhlaza | Uphahla Oluvamile |
|---|---|---|
| Ukunotha Kwezilwane | 32 | 4 |
| I-Shannon Diversity Index | 2.8 | 1.2 |
| ngokuchichima | 217 | 53 |
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 1, uphahla oluluhlaza lunokuphila okuningi kakhulu kunokuvamile. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi zibalulekile ekukhuliseni ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo emadolobheni.
Idizayini Yophahla Oluhlaza Lwezinto Eziphilayo
Lapho siklama uphahla oluluhlaza ukuze sithuthukise ukuhlukahluka kwedolobha, eminye imibono ebalulekile ibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi uphahla oluluhlaza lube nokujula okuhlukene enhlabathini yalo. Futhi, kufanele igcwale izimbali zasendle zomdabu (ikakhulukazi ama-sedums).
Ukujula Kwe-Substrate Ehlukahlukene
Ukusebenzisa ukujula kwenhlabathi okuhlukene kusekela izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Lezi zitshalo zakha amakhaya ezilwane ezihlukahlukene. I-microhabitat ngayinye isiza izidalwa ezahlukene ukuthi zihlale lapho.
Izitshalo Zezimbali Zasendle
Ukutshala izinhlobo eziningi ze izimbali zasendle zomdabu ophahleni kuyisihluthulelo. Inikeza izinyosi nezinye izilwane ezincane ukudla namakhaya. Lokhu kuba ngcono kakhulu i-biodiversity yedolobha.
I-Sedum Blanket Systems kanye nemikhawulo
Izingubo zokulala ze-Sedum zisiza ezinye izinambuzane ukuthola ukudla, ezilungele izinyosi ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa azanele kwabanye abaningi izilwane zasendle zasedolobheni. Ukusebenzisa ingxube yezitshalo, ikakhulukazi izimbali zomdabu, kwenza uphahla oluluhlaza lube ngcono nakakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
I-Biodiversity on Extensive Green Roofs
Studies in Switzerland and the UK show extensive green roofs help wildlife. Many insects from dry grasslands come to these roofs. They are key spots for Ukubuyiselwa Kwendawo yokuhlala futhi Ukongiwa Kwemvelo in I-Urban Ecology.
Izindawo Ezihlala Ezingenamgogodla kanye Nezimpova
Izinyoni ezifulela phansi njenge-Skylark kanye ne-Common Tern zakha amakhaya ophahleni oluluhlaza. Lokhu kusiza ukudala I-Urban Ecology futhi Amadolobha Esimeme. Baphendula uphahla lube yinto ebalulekile Izingadi Zophahla.
Izinyoni Ezihlala Emhlabathini ku-Green Roofs
Emadolobheni, uphahla oluluhlaza luhle kakhulu ezindaweni zokudla izinyoni, njengeBlack Redstart. Izinyoni ezinjenge-Goldfinches ezivela e-Europe ziyawathanda la mabala. Lawa maphahla makhulu Uphahla Oluluhlaza Ekukhuthazeni Izinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphila Emadolobheni.
Indawo Yokudla Yezinyoni zasemadolobheni
Ukusebenzisa I-Eco-friendly Architecture kuzuzisa izinyoni ku Izindawo Zasemadolobheni. Kuhlanganisa Izingadi Zophahla lokho kukhuthaza Ukongiwa Kwemvelo. Lezi zibalulekile emadolobheni aminyene.
Ama-Semi-Intensive and Intensive Green Roofs
Uphahla oluluhlaza olujulile kancane futhi olujulile lubukeka njengezingadi. Ziheha izilwane zasendle eziningi. Kufanele ziklanywe kahle, zisebenzisa izitshalo zendabuko nezingezona ezomdabu.
Izikhala Zengadi Yezilwane Zasendle
Intensive green roofs are mainly for people. But, they create a mini-habitat in cities by planting natives like herbs, shrubs, and trees. This boosts imvelo yasemadolobheni futhi kuyasiza gcina izinhlobo ezahlukene.
Izitshalo Zomdabu Zezinto Ezihlukahlukene
Ukusebenzisa ingxube yezitshalo zomdabu nezingezona ezomdabu ophahleni oluhlaza ingasiza izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Kwenza lezi zindawo zibe ngcono emvelweni. Lokhu kwenza namadolobha abe ngaphezulu ecofriendly futhi eqinile ngokumelene nezinkinga.
Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe uphahla oluhlaza amasu ayisihluthulelo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni. Banikeza izindawo ezibalulekile zemvelo emadolobheni amatasa. Lolu phahla lunikeza izinambuzane eziningi izindlu nezindawo zokuzalela izinyoni. Ucwaningo oluningi lubheke okungeziwe izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo uphahla lwasemadolobheni oluhlaza ulethe.
Ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani ophahleni oluhlaza Usizo izinhlobo zasemadolobheni ukhiye. Lokhu kusiza ekwenzeni amadolobha abe ngcono izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni. Ukwazi i inani lokulondoloza kulezi zindawo nazo zibalulekile. I-Eco-friendly Architecture, amadolobha esimeme, Futhi izingadi ezisophahleni dlala indima enkulu ekongeni nasekukhuleni imvelo yasemadolobheni.
Ukusebenzela ukwehlisa i- umthelela wezemvelo yamadolobha ibalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kusetshenziswa ophahleni oluhlaza in ukuhlela emadolobheni kungasiza kakhulu. Ithembisa ukwenza amadolobha abe ngcono futhi agcwale ukuphila esikhathini esizayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Luyini usongo lokuya emadolobheni ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo?
Ukukhula okusheshayo kokuhlala emadolobheni kusongela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Nokho, amadolobha angaba mahle ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni ezingavamile. Lokhu kubandakanya izinhlobo ezisengozini endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Izindawo eziluhlaza zingasiza kanjani ekukhuthazeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni?
Izindawo eziluhlaza zibalulekile ekuletheni izinto eziningi eziphilayo emadolobheni. Kudingeka babe inala, baklanywe kahle, futhi basebenzisane. Njengoba amadolobha eba matasa kakhulu, ukuba nezindawo eziluhlaza njengophahla kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Yiziphi izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezinzuzo zophahla oluluhlaza?
Uphahla oluluhlaza lumbozwe izitshalo eziphilayo kanye nongqimba lwenhlabathi olukhethekile phezu kophahla. Basiza ngamanzi, bonga amandla, futhi benza amadolobha apholile. Izilwane nezitshalo nazo zingaphila kuzo, kwenezele empilweni yasedolobheni.
Uphahla oluluhlaza lungasekela kanjani izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemadolobheni?
Uphahla oluluhlaza lufana nezindlu zezimbungulu nezinyoni, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezithile okunzima ukuzithola. Ngezinye izikhathi, izitshalo ezintsha zimila lapho zodwa, zithwalwa umoya noma izinyoni. Naphezu kwalokhu, sisadinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze sibonise ukuthi uphahla oluluhlaza luzuzisa kanjani izilwane zasendle zasemadolobheni.
Yiziphi izimiso ezibalulekile zokuklama uphahla oluluhlaza ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo?
Ukusiza ukudala impilo eyengeziwe, uphahla oluluhlaza kufanele lube lujulile futhi lugcwele izitshalo ezahlukene. Uphahla olwakhiwe kahle lungaba ikhaya lezidalwa eziningi, kuhlanganise nezinyoni ezifuna ukudla. Lapho kungenzeka khona, kufanele sisebenzise izitshalo zendawo ukuze sisekele imvelo.
Kwakuyini okwatholwa ocwaningweni oluqhathanisa nophahla oluluhlaza kanye nophahla oluvamile?
Ucwaningo eBarangaroo, eSydney, lwabheka uphahla olubili. Ithole izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezihlala endaweni eluhlaza kunophahla lwendabuko. Uphahla oluluhlaza lwalunezinyoni, iminenke nezinambuzane, kanti olunye uphahla lwaluluncane.
