Uyini Umhlahlandlela Wekhomishini YaseYurophu Obheke Kuzikweletu Zemvelo?

Umqondo wamakhredithi emvelo uyakhula njengendlela yokudlulisela imali yangasese ekubuyiselweni kwe-ecosystem. Amakhredithi emvelo ayavela njengendlela emisha yokusekela izinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo futhi izinto eziphilayo Ukuvikelwa.

Nature credits are defined as a financial instrument designed to promote conservation and restoration of ecosystems. The fundamental principle behind nature credits is to create a market-driven approach to environmental conservation.

Ngokungafani namakhredithi ekhabhoni, agxile kuphela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, amakhredithi emvelo ahlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwezinsizakalo ze-ecosystem, okuhlanganisa ukongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yamanzi.

"Ngalo mephu womgwaqo, sithatha isinyathelo esinesibindi sokuqaphela imvelo njengempahla yamasu ekusasa lase-Europe. Izikweletu zemvelo zinamandla okuheha utshalomali olubalulekile lwangasese, kuyilapho ziklomelisa labo abangabagcini bomhlaba nezilwandle zethu..." 

Jessica Roswall, uKhomishana wezeMvelo

Nature credits value ecosystem services by assigning a financial value to conservation efforts. This approach enables landowners and conservationists to generate revenue through the sale of credits, promoting sustainable land-use practices.

Izihlahla ze-Olive Jackie De Burca Amazwi Akhayo

Isizathu semvelo sekhredithi yemvelo sisemandleni azo okukhuthaza ukongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem. Ngokomnotho, izikweletu zemvelo zinikeza umzila omusha wemali engenayo kubanikazi bomhlaba nezinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo, okugqugquzela izinqubo ezisimeme zokusebenzisa umhlaba. 

Nokho, Abangane Bomhlaba Abavumi

““Amakhredithi emvelo ayisimbozo sokungasebenzi, isinqamuleli sokuhlanza imvelo esivumela izinkampani ukuthi ziqhubeke nokucekela phansi imvelo inqobo nje uma zikhokhela lokho…

I-European Commission ihola uhlelo lokusungula uhlaka oluphelele lwezikweletu zemvelo, oluhambisana nezinjongo zayo ezibanzi zezemvelo. Lesi sinyathelo siyingxenye yesu elikhulu lokukhuthaza izinqubo ezisimeme kanye nokunciphisa umkhondo wemvelo wemisebenzi yezomnotho.

Imephu yomgwaqo iveza amaphuzu abalulekile ambalwa, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela eziqinile zokulinganisa nokuqinisekisa amakhredithi emvelo. Umugqa wesikhathi wokuqaliswa kulindeleke ukuba umiswe ngezigaba, neziqondiso zokuqala zizokhishwa phakathi neminyaka emibili ezayo.

Amasu okuqeda ikhabhoni izodlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo, yenze izinkampani zikwazi ukunxephezela umthelela wazo kwezemvelo ngokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi abuyisela noma alondoloze izindawo zemvelo.

Kusungulwa uhlaka oluqinile lokubusa ukuze lwengamele ukuqaliswa kwezikweletu zemvelo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kohlaka lwesikhungo oluzoba nesibopho sokuqinisekisa nokuqinisekisa amakhredithi emvelo.

Ukuhlanganisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza futhi kuyisici esibalulekile salolu hlaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zihamba phambili kwisayensi yezemvelo.

Inyoni Enhle Jackie De Burca Constructive Voices

Amazwe angamalungu azoba neqhaza elikhulu ekuqaliseni uhlelo lwezikweletu zemvelo, nezibopho ezihlanganisa ukusungulwa kwamarejista kazwelonke kanye nokuqapha ukuthengiselana ngezikweletu.

Ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bohlelo, izindlela zokuqapha eziqinile zizobekwa. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okwenziwa njalo kanye nokushaywa kwezinhlawulo zokungalandeli.

Njengoba i-EU iqhubekela ekusebenziseni amakhredithi emvelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda umongo womlando ololonge lolu hlelo. Uhambo oluya kumakhredithi emvelo lugxile ekujuleni kwesu le-EU lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinqubomgomo zemvelo.

I-European Green Deal isebenza njengesisekelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezikweletu zemvelo, kugcizelela imikhuba eco-friendly futhi ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Yethulwe ngo-2019, ihlose ukwenza umnotho we-EU uzime ngokuguqula izinselelo zesimo sezulu nezemvelo zibe ngamathuba.

I-EU inomlando wokuthuthukisa izindlela zezimakethe zemvelo, kanye ne-EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) eyisibonelo esihle. Izifundo ezivela ku-EU ETS zibe semqoka ekubumbeni umqondo wezikweletu zemvelo.

I-EU ETS ikhombise ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela ezisekelwe ezimakethe ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Ngokufanayo, izikweletu zemvelo zihlose ukudala indlela eqhutshwa yimakethe yokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo.

Amakhredithi emvelo aklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa nezinhlaka ezikhona zokongiwa kwemvelo, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo ze-EU zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuphromotha imikhuba eco-friendly phakathi kwamabhizinisi nabanikazi bomhlaba.

"Kufanele sibeke imvelo ekhasini lebhalansi. Yilokho kanye okwenziwa amakhredithi emvelo. Uma eklanywe kahle, azohlinzeka ngethuluzi elisebenza kahle, eliqhutshwa yimakethe elikhuthaza umkhakha ozimele ukuthi utshale imali futhi usungule izinto ezintsha. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali nokusungula izinto ezintsha, singenisa imali kulabo abasebenzela ukuvikela imvelo..." Ursula von der Leyen, uMongameli waseYurophu

Ngokuqonda umongo womlando nokuvela kwekhredithi yemvelo, singabonga kangcono ukuzibophezela kwe-EU kukho ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Izindlela zesayensi eziqinile zibalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo amakhredithi emvelo. Lezi zindlela zihlinzeka ngesisekelo sokulinganisa kanye nokulinganisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, ukubeka izisekelo zemvelo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zokwengeza ziyahlangatshezwa.

Ukukalwa kanye nenani lokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kuyizici ezibalulekile zekhredithi yemvelo. Izindlela eziqinile are being developed to assess biodiversity, including the use of indicators such as species richness, habitat quality, and ecosystem services. These approaches enable the quantification of biodiversity gains and losses, facilitating the creation of nature credits.

Izisekelo zemvelo kanye nezidingo zokwengeza zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubuqotho bekhredithi yemvelo. Izisekelo zemvelo hlinzeka ngephoyinti okubhekwa ngalo izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, kuyilapho izidingo zokwengeza ziqinisekisa ukuthi amakhredithi akhishwa kuphela ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zangempela.

Izinqubo zokuhlola eziqondene nendawo yokuhlala ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, okuhlanganisa amahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, namaxhaphozi. Lawa maphrothokholi ahlinzeka ngohlaka olujwayelekile lokuhlola ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, okuvumela ukudalwa kwamakhredithi emvelo athembekile.

Ubuchwepheshe nezixazululo zokuqapha, ezifana nokuzwa ukude nokuqapha emkhakheni, kuyasetshenziswa ukuze kulandelelwe izinguquko zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemizamo yokonga. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwamakhredithi emvelo futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi asekelwe ebufakazini obuqinile besayensi.

Ukusungulwa kwesakhiwo semakethe esiqinile kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kwamakhredithi emvelo eYurophu. Njengoba i-European Commission ithuthukisa umhlahlandlela wayo, ukugxila ekudaleni izindlela ezisebenzayo zezimali kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza, yokuqinisekisa, kanye nokuqinisekisa amakhredithi emvelo ibalulekile ekuthembekeni kwawo nasekuhwebeni kwawo. Izindlela eziqinile Kudingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhredithi amelela ngokunembile izinzuzo zemvelo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwesayensi okuqinile kanye nezindlela zokubika ezisobala.

“Ubuqotho bekhredithi yemvelo buncike ekuthembekeni kwesizukulwane sazo nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa,” njengoba kuphawulwe ochwepheshe bezemvelo. Ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwalawa makhredithi kubalulekile ekugcineni ukwethenjwa emakethe.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkundla zokuhweba namathuluzi ezezimali kubalulekile ukuze kube lula ukushintshaniswa kwamakhredithi emvelo. Lezi zinkundla zizovumela abathengi nabathengisi ukuthi bahlanganyele ekuthengiseni kahle, bakhuthaze ukutholakala kwezimali ezimakethe.

Izindlela zokuthola amanani ezisebenzayo zibalulekile emakethe esebenzayo yamakhredithi emvelo. Njengoba ukufunwa nokuhlinzekwa kushintshashintsha, amanani kufanele abonise inani langempela lezinzuzo zemvelo ezimelelwa amakhredithi.

Izikweletu zemvelo zinikeza amathuba amasha otshalomali emkhakheni wezemvelo. Kodwa-ke, nazo ziza nezingozi okudingeka zilawuleke ukuhlukahluka futhi izinhlaka eziqinile zokuhlola ubungozi.

Njengoba imakethe yamakhredithi emvelo ithuthuka, kulindeleke ukuthi ukusimama kwemvelo futhi izinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo izothuthukiswa kakhulu. Imephu yomgwaqo ye-European Commission izodlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni le makethe esafufusa.

Amabhizinisi aseYurophu nabanikazi bomhlaba baphezu kwenguquko enkulu yezomnotho ngohlelo lwamakhredithi emvelo lweKhomishini YaseYurophu. Ukwethulwa kwalolu hlelo kuzodinga ukulungiswa endleleni izinkampani ezisebenza ngayo nokuthi umhlaba uphathwa kanjani, okungase kuholele emathubeni amasha omnotho nezinselele.

Different sectors will face varying compliance requirements under the nature credits system. For instance, industries with high environmental impact, such as agriculture and construction, will need to adopt ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo izilinganiso kanye namandla okuthenga amakhredithi emvelo ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yawo yemvelo. Ngokuphambene, imikhakha efana nobuchwepheshe kanye nezezimali ingase igxile kakhulu ekutshaleni imali kumakhredithi emvelo njengengxenye yawo amasu okusimama kwebhizinisi.

Umnotho wekhredithi yemvelo usulungele ukudala amathuba amasha ebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi kubanikazi bomhlaba abangakwazi ukukhiqiza amakhredithi ngokubuyisela noma ukulondoloza izindawo zemvelo. Izinkampani nazo zingazuza ngokutshala imali kula makhredithi njengengxenye yazo amasu we-carbon offsetting, ukuthuthukisa isithunzi somkhiqizo wabo kanye nokuthobela imithetho yemvelo.

Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezindleko zenzuzo kubalulekile ezinkampanini ezicabangela ukubamba iqhaza emakethe yamakhredithi emvelo. Nakuba kunezindleko ezihlobene nokukhiqiza noma ukuthenga amakhredithi, izinkampani zingaphinda zithole izinzuzo ngokusebenzisa izifakazelo ezithuthukisiwe zokusimama nokonga okungaba khona ngezinqubo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukuhlanganisa izikweletu zemvelo zibe amasu okusimama kwenkampani kunganikeza umkhawulo wokuncintisana. Izinkampani zingasebenzisa amakhredithi emvelo ukuze zibonise ukuzibophezela kwazo ekuphathweni kwemvelo, okungenzeka zihehe abathengi nabatshalizimali abaqaphela imvelo.

Ngenhloko-dolobha yayo enkulu yemvelo, i-Ireland ikulungele ukusebenzisa amathuba ethulwe uhlaka lwamakhredithi emvelo lwe-European Commission. Izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zezwe, kusukela emahlathini kuya ezindaweni zasolwandle, zinikeza amathuba abalulekile okukhiqiza izikweletu zemvelo.

Ifa lemvelo lase-Ireland libonakala ngezindawo zalo eziluhlaza kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezicebile, okulenza libe ikhandidethi elifanele lekhredithi yemvelo. Inhloko-dolobha yezwe yemvelo ihlanganisa izindawo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlala kanye nemvelo engabuyiselwa noma ithuthukiswe ukuze kukhiqizwe amakhredithi.

Izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile zase-Ireland, njengama-peatlands, amahlathi, namaxhaphozi, zibalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi zingasetjenziswa ukuthola izikweletu zemvelo. Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo azisekeli nje kuphela izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane kodwa futhi zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile ze-ecosystem.

Umhlaba wezolimo kanye ne-peatlands unikeza amathuba amakhulu okubuyiselwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa. Ngokwamukela imikhuba eco-friendly, njengokulima okusimeme nokubuyiselwa kwe-peatland, i-Ireland ingakhiqiza amakhredithi abalulekile emvelo.

Izinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ezikhona zezemvelo zase-Ireland zinikeza isisekelo sokuhlanganisa uhlaka lwamakhredithi emvelo. Ngokuvumelanisa nalezi zinqubomgomo, i-Ireland ingaqinisekisa inqubo yokusebenzisa kahle.

I-Ireland inezinhlelo ezehlukene zezemvelo, njengeGreen Farm Scheme, ezingahlanganiswa nohlaka lwamakhredithi emvelo. Lezi zinhlelo ziyakhuthaza imikhuba eco-friendly futhi ingathuthukisa ukwenziwa kwezikweletu.

Uhlaka lwamakhredithi emvelo lunganikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho emiphakathini yasemakhaya yase-Ireland. Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezisimeme kanye nokukhiqiza izikweletu zemvelo, abanikazi bomhlaba basezindaweni zasemakhaya bangafinyelela izindlela ezintsha zokwenza imali.

Amaphrojekthi okuphayona kumakhredithi emvelo abeka indinganiso entsha yokongiwa kwemvelo eYurophu. Isinyathelo se-European Commission sivuse igagasi lamaphrojekthi amasha kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu, okubonisa amandla amakhredithi emvelo ukuze aqhubekisele phambili izinqubo ezizinzile.

Amazwe amaningana angamalungu ethule amaphrojekthi okulinga ukuze ahlole futhi acwengisise amamodeli esikweletu semvelo. Isibonelo, i-EU isekela amaphrojekthi okulinga ngaphansi kweGreen Assist ukuze akhuthaze ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokusebenzisa amandla avuselelweko amaphrojekthi. Lezi zinhlelo azizange zibe negalelo ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuphela kodwa futhi zidale amathuba amasha ezomnotho emiphakathini yendawo.

Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwamakhredithi emvelo kunikeze imininingwane ebalulekile ezinseleleni namathuba ahambisana nale ndlela. Izifundo ezibalulekile ezifundiwe zihlanganisa ukubaluleka kwezindlela eziqinile zokuqapha nokuqinisekisa, kanye nesidingo sezinhlaka zokuphatha ezicacile.

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nezinhlelo zezikweletu zemvelo ukuqinisekisa ukwengezwa nokuba ngunaphakade kwezinzuzo zemvelo. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, amaphrojekthi asebenzise izinhlelo zokuqapha eziqinile futhi asungula nezinhlelo eziphuthumayo ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezingaba khona.

Ukuze kukhuliswe amamodeli ekhredithi emvelo ayimpumelelo, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukubambisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza, okuhlanganisa abenzi bezinqubomgomo, abanikazi bomhlaba, nemiphakathi yendawo. Ngokwabelana ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu nezifundo ezifundiwe, i-EU ingakha uhlaka oluhlangene nolusebenzayo lwamakhredithi emvelo, okugqugquzela umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo.

"Impumelelo yezinhlelo zezikweletu zemvelo incike ekhonweni lethu lokusebenza ndawonye futhi sabelane ngolwazi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, singakha ikusasa elizinzile labo bonke abantu."

Njengoba iKhomishini YaseYurophu iqhubekela phambili nayo umgwaqo obheke kumakhredithi emvelo, kukhulunywe ukukhathazeka okuningi. Nakuba umqondo uhlose ukukhuthaza ukusimama kwemvelo, ukuqaliswa kwayo kunezinselele.

Okunye ukugxeka okuyinhloko ubunzima bokulinganisa ngokunembile kanye nokulinganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Inkimbinkimbi ye-ecosystem yenza kube inselele ukusungula izisekelo ezithembekile nokuqapha izinguquko ngempumelelo.

Njengoba kuphawulwe ochwepheshe bezemvelo, “Inselele isekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izikweletu zibonisa ngokunembile ukubaluleka kwemvelo kwemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo.”

"Isilinganiso esinembile sibalulekile ekuthembekeni kwesistimu yekhredithi yemvelo."

Okunye okukhathazayo okubalulekile amathuba okufinyelela ngokungalingani ezinzuzweni zemvelo, okungase kubhebhethekise ukungalingani okukhona kwezenhlalo. Ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kanye nokufinyelela kubalulekile.

Izinqubo zokuqinisekisa eziqinile zibalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukuwashwa okuluhlaza kanye nokugcina ubuqotho besistimu yekhredithi yemvelo.

Indlela yekhredithi yemvelo kufanele ilinganise phakathi kwezinzuzo zezomnotho nezinjongo zokongiwa kwemvelo. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela futhi ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zezomnotho aziphazamisi izinhloso zemvelo.

Ukuhlanganisa amakhredithi emvelo nezinhlaka zezemvelo zomhlaba wonke kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Isinyathelo seKhomishini YaseYurophu kulindeleke ukuthi sihambisane nemizamo ehlukahlukene yokongiwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqinisekisa indlela ehlangene yokuvikela imvelo.

Uhlelo lwamakhredithi emvelo kulindeleke ukuthi lusekele eziningana ze-UN Ukuthuthuka okungashabalali Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to life on land and climate action. By aligning with these goals, the European Commission’s roadmap can contribute to a broader global agenda.

Ukuhambisana kwezikweletu zemvelo nezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele zemvelo kubalulekile empumelelweni yazo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhredithi akhiqizwayo ayaqinisekiswa, ayengeziwe, futhi ahlala njalo, ngaleyo ndlela agcine ubuqotho bawo ezimakethe zomhlaba.

Amandla okuhweba ngezikweletu zemingcele abalulekile, njengoba avumela ukwabiwa okuphumelelayo kwezinsiza zokulondoloza. Lokhu kungaholela ekusebenzeni okuthe xaxa ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngaphesheya kwemingcele.

Ukuvumelanisa amakhredithi emvelo ne-Global Biodiversity Framework kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo iyahlanganiswa futhi iyasebenza. Lokhu kuqondanisa kungenza kube lula ukuzuzwa kwezinhloso zezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo emhlabeni wonke.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko yokuhlanganisa amakhredithi emvelo nezinhlaka zomhlaba wonke afaka:

• Imizamo yokulondoloza ethuthukisiwe ngesenzo somhlaba wonke esididiyelwe
• Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle ekuvikelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
• Ubuqotho obuthuthukisiwe bezikweletu zemvelo

I-European Commission umgwaqo obheke kumakhredithi emvelo kuphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile ekusunguleni imakethe esebenzayo eYurophu, eqhutshwa isidingo sokusebenza ngempumelelo amasu we-carbon offsetting kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe izixazululo zobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza.

Njengoba imakethe yamakhredithi emvelo ithuthuka, kulindeleke ukuthi ithuthuke imikhuba eco-friendly emikhakheni eyahlukene, ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi kanye nabaninimhlaba ukuthi basebenzise izindlela ezisimeme futhi banciphise indawo yabo yemvelo.

I-Ireland, nenhloko-dolobha yayo ecebile yemvelo, ikulungele ukudlala indima ebalulekile kulolu hlelo, okungenzeka ikhiqize amakhredithi amakhulu ngemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nezinqubo ezisimeme zokusebenzisa umhlaba.

Ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kohlelo lwamakhredithi emvelo kuzoncika ekubuseni okuqinile, izindlela zesayensi, kanye nokuhambisana nezinhlaka zezemvelo zomhlaba wonke, ekugcineni kube neqhaza ekuzuzweni Kwezinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme ze-UN.

Njengoba iYurophu iqhubekela phambili nalolu hlelo, kungenzeka ibeke isibonelo kwezinye izifunda, iqhubekisele phambili uguquko olubanzi oluya emikhubeni elungele imvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme.